Starter

• Thomas Jefferson won the election of 1800 for president of the United States. Why would this election be called a “revolution?”

• How did Jefferson’s views differ from the 2nd president John Adams?

• How do you think those differences would affect everyday U.S. citizens?

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

What factor most influences people today on who they vote for in an election?

A. The candidate’s political party affiliation

B. The candidate’s opinion on a specific issue

C. How likeable the candidate is

D. The candidate’s physical appearance A B C D

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The Jefferson Era (1800-1816)

The Republicans Take Power

In what ways did Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans limit the powers of the government?

The Election of 1800• The Federalists and Republicans

fought a bitter election campaign in 1800

• The Federalists supported Adams again and Pinckney as VP

• Republicans nominated Thomas Thomas JeffersonJefferson and Aaron BurrAaron Burr as VP

• Neither traveled around the country to gather support

• Instead they wrote letters to make their views public

• Federalists accused Jefferson of being “godless”

• Republicans warned that the Federalists favored the wealthy and would bring back monarchy

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

A B

C

D

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In their letter writing campaign, Thomas Jefferson’s supporters warned that re-electing President Adams would do what?

A. Raise taxes

B. Bring back monarchy

C. Weaken the military

D. Give too much power to individual states

Election Deadlock• The election came out a tie• Not between Adams and

Jefferson, but between Jefferson and Burr (73 votes each)

• The House of Representatives had to decide the election

• The Federalists in the House of Reps saw a chance to prevent the election of Jefferson

• They supported Burr

The Election Results• 35 ballots- The election

was tied• Alexander Hamilton

urged one Federalist not to vote for Burr

• Jefferson became president and Burr VP

• To prevent this from happening again, Congress passed the 12th Amendment in 1803

• Separate ballots for President and VP

Jefferson’s Inauguration• Jefferson dressed in

everyday clothes• Adams chose not to

attend• Jefferson tried to bridge

the gap between Federalists and Republicans in his speech

• “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists”

• But Jefferson was no Federalist

Jefferson’s Ideas• Jefferson believed a large

federal government threatened liberty

• He believed states could better protect freedom

• Jefferson wanted to reduce the power and size of the government

• These ideas were similarsimilar to the French philosophy known as laissez-fairelaissez-faire

• “Let people do as they choose”

Cutting Costs• Jefferson and Albert Gallatin

(Secretary of Treasury) reduced the national debt

• Scaled down military expenses• All federal internal taxes,

including the whiskey tax, were repealed

• Government funds would come from customs dutiescustoms duties (taxes on imported goods)

• Also from sale of western lands• Jefferson also limited the

number of federal government workers to a few hundred people

Judiciary Act of 1801• Before Jefferson took office,

the Federalists passed this Act

• Setup regional courts for the US with 16 judges and other judicial officials

• Adams appointed judges to these positions and John Marshall to Chief Justice

• Adams and Marshall worked around the clock to appoint these “midnight judges”

• When Jefferson became president, a few of the appointment papers (commissions) had not yet been delivered

• Jefferson told Secretary of State, James Madison, not to deliver them

• One commission was to go to William Marbury

Marbury v. Madison• Marbury took his case directly

to the Supreme Court• Marshall said the Constitution

did not give the Court jurisdiction to decide Marbury’s caseIn Marbury v. Madison, three principles of judicial judicial reviewreview were established

• 1. The Constitution is the supreme law

• 2. The Constitution must be followed when there is a conflictconflict between it and any other law

• 3. The judicial branch must uphold the Constitution and

• nullify unconstitutional laws

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D A B

C

D

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Which of the following statements is a principle of judicial review?

A. The Constitution is the supreme law of the land.

B. State law takes precedence over federal law.

C. The Constitution should not be followed when it conflicts with any other law.

D. The legislative branch is responsible for upholding the Constitution.

What Marbury v. Madison Did• Marshall broadened

federal power at the expense of the states

• 1819- McCulluch v. Maryland- The Court held that Congress is allowed to do more than the Constitution expressly authorizes it to do

• 1824- Gibbins v. Ogden- The Court held that federal law takes precedence over state law in interstate transportation

In what ways did Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans limit the powers of the government?

–They reduced military spending and size, repealed all federal internal taxes, and kept government small.

The election of 1800 was decided by

the

Senat

e.

popul

ar v

ote.

the

Elect

oral C

ollege.

the

House o

f Rep

res.

..

25% 25%25%25%A. the Senate.

B. popular vote.

C. the Electoral College.

D. the House of Representatives.

Regional courts were set up for the United States with the

Judic

iary

Act

of 1

801.

mid

night j

udges

.

Mar

bury

v. M

adis

on ...

Mar

shal

l Supre

me

Co...

25% 25%25%25%A. Judiciary Act of 1801.

B. midnight judges.

C. Marbury v. Madison case.

D. Marshall Supreme Court.

What case represented the first time the Supreme Court reviewed and ruled on acts

of the other branches of government?

Jef

fers

on v.

Mad

ison

Mar

shal

l v. M

adis

on

Mar

bury

v. M

adis

on

Adam

s v.

Jef

fers

on

25% 25%25%25%A. Jefferson v. Madison

B. Marshall v. Madison

C. Marbury v. Madison

D. Adams v. Jefferson

Jefferson believed in reducing the power and size of government, or a philosophy

called

lais

sez-

faire

.

judi

cial

revi

ew.

fede

ralis

m.

sta

tism

.

25% 25%25%25%A. laissez-faire.

B. judicial review.

C. federalism.

D. statism.

Which Secretary of State was asked to serve as chief justice?

John M

arsh

all

Abig

ail A

dam

s

Thom

as J

effe

rson

Aar

on Bur

r

25% 25%25%25%A. John Marshall

B. Abigail Adams

C. Thomas Jefferson

D. Aaron Burr

In class assignments

• 1. Page 1045 in textbook – Jefferson’s 1st Inaugural Address – read and answer questions

• 2. Electoral College map activity

• (individual work)

1st Inaugural Address Questions

• 1. Overall, what is the tone of this address?

• 2. What does Jefferson say about those who may be in the minority?

• 3. According to Jefferson, why are both sides Republicans and Federalists?

• 4. What do you think is the significance of this address?