Starter (November 28)Copy Vocabulary Terms due Tuesday December 6

FIND YOUR NEW ASSIGNED SEAT!!!

1. Spheres of influence2. Protectionism3. Afrikaans4. Great Trek5. Shaka6. Berlin Conference7. Fashoda Crisis8. Boer War9. Cecil Rhodes10. Sepoys11. Raj12. Memsahibs13. Mutiny

14. Opium War15. extraterritoriality16. Taiping Rebellion17. Tongji Restoration18. Boxer Rebellion19. Open Door Policy20. Meiji Restoration21. Zaibatsu22. Manifest Destiny23. Mercantilism24. Alfred Thayer Mahan (Influence

of Sea Power Upon History)25. Social Darwinism26. Rudyard Kipling27. Spanish-American War

Imperialism 1700s-1914

North America

South America

Africa

Europe

Asia

AustraliaEquator

Antarctica

North Pole

South Pole

Imperialism• Imperialism is the belief that a

nation should expand its borders and acquire colonies or territories.

• Reasons for imperialism were economic, political, strategic, religious, and humanitarian since the 1400s.– New nationalism and the

technologies of the Industrial Revolution intensified the competition to build larger empires.

Technology and Empire-Building• In the 1850s, ships allowed Europeans to

travel almost anywhere worldwide.– Advances in medicine allowed them to travel to

areas that had been unhealthy.– Navies were built with steamships that required

coaling stations around the world.

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Humanitarian and Cultural Imperialism

• Different countries have always had different ideas about what civilization means.

• Westerners felt that civilization was based around Christian values.– Christian missionaries traveled to continents such as Asia and

Africa to spread their faith.• Most Western nations had constitutional governments by

the end of the 1800s.– It was debated whether these rights should extend their empires.– Many justified their injustices by arguing they were helped uplift

the inferior people of their colonies/territories.

“We happen to the be the best people in the world, with the highest ideals of decency and justice and liberty and peace, and the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for humanity.”Cecil Rhodes

Literature Through Time

Read “Literature Through Time” in page 569 which discusses Rudyard Kipling. Answer the Understanding Literature questions that follow.

Acrostic Poetry

• Create an Acrostic Poem for Imperialism based on the information in Chapter 21 Section 1.

Settlement coloniesDEPENDENT COLONIESSpheres of influence

protectionismimperialismRUDYARD KIPLING

Alfred Thayer MahanIndustrial Revolution

COTTON GIN

missionaries

Starter (November 29)

Answer in complete sentences.

1. In 3 sentences, describe what you actually see in the political cartoon.

2. In 1 sentence, explain the message of the political cartoon.

IMPERIALISM IN AFRICA

Early European Settlement in Africa• Most interaction between Europeans and Africans had occurred

along the coasts before 1870.– West African coasts held European slave-trading posts.– The Portuguese were involved in many East African countries.– The French were present in North Africa—partially in attempts to end

the Muslim raids.• In the late 1800s, Europeans went to the interior of South Africa.

– The Boers (original Dutch settlers in Africa) settled in the areas beginning in 1652.

– New European immigrants to Africa strengthened the Boer influence.• Afrikaans: language developed from a blending of African, French, German,

English, and Dutch• Christians surrounded by pagans—they felt obligated to rule Africa

• The English sought to abolish slavery in the 1830s—the Boers moved further inward (Great Trek) setting up independent republics.

African Empire-Builders• Drought and famine led to competition for resources

in the late 1700s and early 1800s in Southern Africa.– Zulu: a clan led by Shaka; wished to expand their rule by

force– Muslims: In West Africa, there was an Islamic revival; in

the early 1800s there was a holy war (_______) against non-Muslims

– Egypt gained their independence from France (under Napoleon) and tried to expand the Egyptian empire• Egypt’s new military threw them into debt.

– European powers established a system to pay off loans upsetting Egyptians

– British troops invaded in the 1880s to protect control of the Suez Canal

jihad

The Scramble for Africa

• Britain’s occupation of Egypt triggered responses from other European powers creating a scramble for African colonies.

• The Berlin Conference (1884-1885) attempted to resolve conflicts between European powers by establishing rules for carving Africa.– Liberia and Ethiopia remained

free between 1885-1900—the rest was divided between European powers.

Reading and Comprehension

• Read “Geography and History” on page 574. Answer:

• Linking Geography and History?• Location?

African Resistance

• Write a letter protesting imperialism in Africa as if you were an African in the late 1800s.

• Your letter must be a minimum of 2 paragraphs and free of grammatical errors.

• Use details explaining what has occurred that you do not like about imperialism in your country to provide historical knowledge.

Settlement colonies

DEPENDENT COLONIESSpheres of influence

protectionism

imperialism

RUDYARD KIPLING

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Industrial RevolutionCOTTON GIN

missionaries

GREAT TREK Cecil RhodesFashoda CrisisBerlin Conference

Shaka

Zulu

AfrikaansBOERS

Starter (November 30)Copy the definition and provide the term being defined. Use your

book if you need assistance.1. Period of reform in China meant to strengthen the country

against the West2. Mass migration of the Boers into the African interior3. Period of Japanese history in which the shogunate was

overthrown, and the emperor was placed on the throne once more, and many Western-style reforms were enacted

4. Right of Europeans to be exempt from Chinese law5. Rule of the British in India which was first applied to the British

East India Company and later to the British government

IMPERIALISM IN INDIA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA

British India

• The British began to trade in Asia in the 1600s.– Bases were built along the coast– The British East India Company formed alliances

with Indian rulers and created an Indian army (Indian soldiers=sepoys).

• The raj (power of the East India Co.) spread over India and took over the government.– Overtime, the British government took control of

the East India Co. and therefore, India as well.

British Rule in India• An Indian Civil Service was developed in the 1800s to fill

lower positions in government.– Arguments occurred over how to teach these Indian civil servants

• They were taught in English

• Settlers from Britain to India– In the 1800s, women and children moved to India– Memsahbibs (European women) changed the relationships

between men and women• Fear of affairs created racism

• The British government began to change laws to “benefit” India

Indian Mutiny

• Indian rulers who lost power led rebellions.– These rulers used the fears of Indians to gain

support. (Fear that the British would end the caste system and convert all of India to Christianity.)

• Rumors spread claiming new shell casings were coated with beef and pork fat triggered a revolt from the peasant soldiers.– The British executed anyone suspected of being

involved in the mutiny.

The British Raj

• The Indian Mutiny convinced British officials to abandon policies forcing Western ideas on the Indians.– The East India Co. was disbanded.– The ICS continued to operate.– Focus of the British became protecting India from

invasion.

French Indochina, Siam, and Dutch Expansion in Indonesia

• Work within your seated section to create bulleted notes on an assigned section.

• We will rotate groups and share information.

• ALL THREE SETS OF INFORMATION MUST BE IN YOUR NOTES!

Starter (December 1)

1. Identify symbols within the cartoon.

2. In one sentence, provide the message of the cartoon.

IMPERIALISM IN EAST ASIA

Foreign Influence in China• In the late 1700s and early 1800s, Europeans

began to show increasing interest in Chinese goods (particularly tea).

• The Chinese feared that interaction with “foreign devils” could damage Chinese culture.– Trade was greatly limited with other countries.• Chinese merchants sold to Europeans.• Chinese consumers did not buy much from European

merchants.• **Mercantilism: policy of exporting more than you

import; Europeans believed power depended on wealth (gold and silver)

Opium War• British and American merchants discovered that the

Chinese would buy opium.– By the 1830s, the sale of opium reversed the imbalance

of trade.• Chinese leaders began active suppression of Opium.

– Chinese silver was being drained– Health issues– 1839: Was between Britain and China

• Britain wished to gain equal trade agreements• Britain won and China was forced to accept new trade

agreements.– China ceded Hong Kong to Britain.

“Unequal Treaties”

• Chinese resistance to western influence after the Opium War ended.– The British navy threatened the Chinese coastline. • Britain, France, the US, and Russia were granted

extraterritoriality due to treaties.

• Continued resistance led to force from the British and French in 1860 to end the tribute system.

The Boxer Rebellion

• Boxer Rebellion• During the video, find the cause and effect of

the Boxer Rebellion.• Open Door Policy: US Senator John Hay

created a system of equal trade for all countries with China

Japan and Western Influence

• The US pushed for open trade with Japan.– The Japanese had isolated themselves since the 1600s.– Until 1825, Japanese officials were required to turn

around all foreign ships.– 1851, US president Fillmore sent Commodore Mathew

Perry to negotiate relations with Japan.– 1854, Japan signed a treaty with the US.

• In the following years, European powers forced Japan into similar treaties.

• Result: Meiji Restoration

Japanese Imperialism

• Japan remained independent and tried to expand their imperial power.– Japan was victorious over China in the Sino-Japanese

War (1894-1895) gaining Taiwan and giving Korea their independence from China.

• Korea soon became a target of Russian imperialists.– Japan formed an alliance with Great Britain.– The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) made Japan a

world power when they defeated the Russians.

Begin Reading and Analyzing “White Man’s Burden”

Starter1. Identify the

symbols within the political cartoon and what each symbol represents.

2. In one complete sentence, explain the message of the cartoon.

US IMPERIALISM

Key Imperialism Presidents• Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) purchased the

Louisiana Territory from France in 1803 doubling the size of the US.

• James K. Polk (1845-1849) is known as the Manifest Destiny President”) for expanding the US to the Pacific Coast and into areas in Mexico previously owned by the Spanish.

• William McKinley (1897-1901) was the Spanish-American War president gaining territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.

• Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) expanded US influence into Latin America through his “Big Stick” Diplomacy and the Roosevelt Corollary. (made the US the “police force” of the Western Hemisphere)

• William Howard Taft (1909-1913) pumped money into Latin American and Caribbean countries to keep peace. (dollar diplomacy)

• Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921) wanted to create a more democratic world along with moral progress (moral/missionary diplomacy).

Jefferson

McKinley

Taft

Polk

T. Roosevelt

Wilson

Reasons for US Imperialism

• Manifest Destiny (belief that the US would extend their borders to the west coast at the Pacific) was met in the 1850s. The expansionist spirit didn’t die.

• Naval power (Influence of Sea Power)• Racial Superiority (“White Man’s Burden”)• Social Darwinism• Raw Materials• Markets for US goods

Alaska: 1867• Many Americans called Alaska “Seward’s

Folly” or “Seward’s Icebox” when the Secretary of State William Seward negotiated the purchase from Russia.

• Alaska did not become a state until 1958.

Hawaii• Stopping point between the US

and Asia• Sugar plantations became an

interest for American businessmen– Overthrew Queen Liliuokalani

and took over the government• 1898: The United States

annexed Hawaii• Hawaii did not become a state

until 1959

Spanish-American War1898 “Splendid Little War”

• Reasons for involvement:– Yellow journalism (exaggeration/lies)– Cuban condition– USS Maine*– De Lome letter (suggested that the US was weak by

calling President McKinley Weak)

Splendid Little War Overview

• The US fought against the Spanish in the countries they possessed.

• The US navy was not prepared.• Theodore Roosevelt became a national hero

for leading the Rough Riders up San Juan (Kettle) Hill.

• War lasted only 100 days.– Ended Dec. 10, 1898 with the Treaty of Paris

Effects of the Spanish-American WarThe Treaty of Paris (1898)

• Cuba was to become independent. – The US set up amendments to the treaty permanently

involving the US.– Guantanamo Bay was established.

• US would take over Puerto Rico and Guam as protectorates.– STILL US TERRITORIES TODAY!

• US took over Spain’s role as the ruler of the Philippines.– Gained independence in 1949.

• US promised to pay Spain $20 million.

Other Imperial Actions

• Open Door Policy with China• Building of the Panama Canal• Theodore Roosevelt expanded the power of

the US into Latin America through his “Big Stick Diplomacy”