star formation rate and neutral gas content as a function of redshift and environment collaborators:...
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![Page 1: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of
Redshift and Environment
Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur,
Frank Briggs, Matthew Colless
Galaxy Metabolism: Galaxy Evolution Near and Far 2009
Philip Lah
![Page 2: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Star Formation Rate
Density of the Universe
![Page 3: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Star Formation Rate Density Evolution
Compilation by
Hopkins 2004
![Page 4: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Galaxy HI mass vs
Star Formation Rate
![Page 5: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Galaxy HI Mass vs Star Formation Rate
HIPASS&
IRASdataz ~ 0
Doyle & Drinkwater
2006
![Page 6: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The HI Gas Density of the Universe
![Page 7: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
HI Gas Density Evolution
Not a log scale
![Page 8: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
HI Gas Density Evolution
Zwaan et al. 2005HIPASSHI 21cm
Rao et al.2006DLAs
from MgII absorption
Prochaskaet al. 2005
& 2009DLAs
Lah et al. 2007
coaddedHI 21cm
![Page 9: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Fujita galaxies H emission galaxies at z = 0.24
![Page 10: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Fujita Galaxies
Subaru Field 24’ × 30’
narrow band imaging Hα emission at z = 0.24
(Fujita et al. 2003, ApJL, 586, L115)
348 Fujita galaxies
121 redshifts using AAT
GMRT ~48 hours on field
DEC
RA
![Page 11: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Star Formation Rate Density Evolution
Compilation by
Hopkins 2004
![Page 12: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Star Formation Rate Density Evolution
Compilation by
Hopkins 2004
Fujita et al. 2003 value
![Page 13: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Coadded HI
Spectrum
![Page 14: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
HI spectrum all
Fujita galaxies coadded HI spectrum
using 121 redshifts - weighted average
raw
![Page 15: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
HI spectrum all
Fujita galaxies coadded HI spectrum
using 121 redshifts - weighted average
raw
binned
MHI = (2.26 ± 0.90)
×109 M
![Page 16: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The HI Gas Density of the Universe
![Page 17: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
HI Gas Density EvolutionLah et al.
2007coaddedHI 21cm
![Page 18: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Galaxy HI mass vs
Star Formation Rate
![Page 19: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Galaxy HI Mass vs Star Formation Rate
HIPASS&
IRASdataz ~ 0
Doyle & Drinkwater
2006
![Page 20: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
HI Mass vs Star Formation Rate at z = 0.24
line from Doyle &
Drinkwater 2006
all 121 galaxies
![Page 21: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
HI Mass vs Star Formation Rate at z = 0.24
line from Doyle &
Drinkwater 2006
42 bright L(Hα)
galaxies
42 medium L(Hα)
galaxies
37 faint L(Hα)
galaxies
![Page 22: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Abell 370 a galaxy cluster at z = 0.37
![Page 23: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Abell 370, a galaxy cluster at z = 0.37large galaxy cluster of order
same size as Coma similar cluster velocity dispersion and X-ray gas
temperature
optical imaging ANU 40 inch telescope
spectroscopic follow-up with the AAT
GMRT ~34 hours on cluster HI z = 0.35 to 0.39
Abell 370 cluster core, ESO VLT image
![Page 24: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Abell 370 galaxy cluster
324 galaxies
105 blue (B-V 0.57)
219 red (B-V > 0.57)
Abell 370 galaxy cluster
![Page 25: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
HI Mass Measurements
![Page 26: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
HI mass324 galaxies
219 galaxies
105 galaxies
94 galaxies
168 galaxies
156 galaxies
110 galaxies
214 galaxies
![Page 27: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
HI mass324 galaxies
219 galaxies
105 galaxies
94 galaxies
168 galaxies
156 galaxies
110 galaxies
214 galaxies
![Page 28: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
HI mass324 galaxies
219 galaxies
105 galaxies
94 galaxies
168 galaxies
156 galaxies
110 galaxies
214 galaxies
![Page 29: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
HI mass324 galaxies
219 galaxies
105 galaxies
94 galaxies
168 galaxies
156 galaxies
110 galaxies
214 galaxies
![Page 30: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
HI mass324 galaxies
219 galaxies
105 galaxies
94 galaxies
168 galaxies
156 galaxies
110 galaxies
214 galaxies
![Page 31: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Galaxy HI mass vs
Star Formation Rate
![Page 32: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Galaxy HI Mass vs Star Formation Rate
HIPASS&
IRASdataz ~ 0
Doyle & Drinkwater
2006
![Page 33: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
HI Mass vs Star Formation Rate in Abell 370
all 168 [OII]
emission galaxies
line from Doyle &
Drinkwater 2006
Average
![Page 34: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
HI Mass vs Star Formation Rate in Abell 370
81 blue [OII]
emission galaxies
line from Doyle &
Drinkwater 200687 red [OII]
emission galaxies
Average
![Page 35: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Why is there a
dramatic evolution in the
Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density
and only minimal evolution in the
Cosmic HI Gas Density?
![Page 36: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Evolution of HI Gas in Galaxies
log(SFR) log(MHI)
SFR = a (MHI)m
HI = MHI SFRD = SFR
SFRD = a × (MHI)m
m ~ 1.7 at z = 0 (Doyle & Drinkwater 2006)
Vol
Vol
Vol
![Page 37: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Evolution of HI Gas in Galaxies
log(SFR) log(MHI)
SFR = a (MHI)m
HI = MHI SFRD = SFR
SFRD = a × (MHI)m
m ~ 1.7 at z = 0 (Doyle & Drinkwater 2006)
Vol
Vol
Vol
![Page 38: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Evolution of HI Gas in Galaxies
log(SFR) log(MHI)
SFR = a (MHI)m
HI = MHI SFRD = SFR
SFRD = a × (MHI)m
m ~ 1.7 at z = 0 (Doyle & Drinkwater 2006)
Vol
Vol
Vol
![Page 39: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Evolution of HI Gas in Galaxies
log(SFR) log(MHI)
SFR = a (MHI)m
HI = MHI SFRD = SFR
SFRD = a × (MHI)m
m ~ 1.7 at z = 0 (Doyle & Drinkwater 2006)
Vol
Vol
Vol
![Page 40: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Evolution of HI Gas in Galaxies
log(SFR) log(MHI)
SFR = a (MHI)m
HI = MHI SFRD = SFR
SFRD = a × (MHI)m
m ~ 1.7 at z = 0 (Doyle & Drinkwater 2006)
Vol
Vol
Vol
![Page 41: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Downsizing• the stellar populations of the most massive galaxies formed
at early times (Heavens et al. 2004, Thomas et al. 2005 &
others)
• the sites of active star formation shift from the high-mass
galaxies at earliest times to the lower-mass galaxies at later
periods (Cowie et al. 1996, Gunzman et al. 1997 & others)
• high-mass galaxies with active star formation highest
HI gas content?
![Page 42: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Downsizing• the stellar populations of the most massive galaxies formed
at early times (Heavens et al. 2004, Thomas et al. 2005 &
others)
• the sites of active star formation shift from the high-mass
galaxies at earliest times to the lower-mass galaxies at later
periods (Cowie et al. 1996, Gunzman et al. 1997 & others)
• high-mass galaxies with active star formation highest
HI gas content?
![Page 43: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Downsizing• the stellar populations of the most massive galaxies formed
at early times (Heavens et al. 2004, Thomas et al. 2005 &
others)
• the sites of active star formation shift from the high-mass
galaxies at earliest times to the lower-mass galaxies at later
periods (Cowie et al. 1996, Gunzman et al. 1997 & others)
• high-mass galaxies with active star formation highest
HI gas content?
![Page 44: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Future Observations -HI coadding with SKA Pathfinders
![Page 45: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
SKA pathfinders
• large field of view
ASKAP 30 deg2 (focal plane array)
MeerKAT 1.2 to 4.8 deg2 (1420 to 700 MHz)
• frequency coverage out 700 MHz HI redshift z = 1.0
• optical redshift surveys
ASKAP use WiggleZ
MeerKAT use zCOSMOS and others
![Page 46: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Conclusion
![Page 47: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
• used coadded HI 21-cm emission to measure the cosmic HI gas
density at z = 0.24; value is consistent with that from damped Lyα
measurements; shown SFR–MHI relationship holds at z = 0.24
• galaxies around Abell 370 at z = 0.37 have significantly
amounts of gas; shows clear environmental trends similar to
nearby systems; shown SFR–MHI relationship holds at z = 0.37
• to explain difference in evolution between SFR and HI gas
postulated either a varying SFR–MHI relationship or a varying HI
mass function
Conclusion
![Page 48: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
• used coadded HI 21-cm emission to measure the cosmic HI gas
density at z = 0.24; value is consistent with that from damped Lyα
measurements; shown SFR–MHI relationship holds at z = 0.24
• galaxies around Abell 370 at z = 0.37 have significantly
amounts of gas; shows clear environmental trends similar to
nearby systems; shown SFR–MHI relationship holds at z = 0.37
• to explain difference in evolution between SFR and HI gas
postulated either a varying SFR–MHI relationship or a varying HI
mass function
Conclusion
![Page 49: Star Formation Rate and Neutral Gas Content as a Function of Redshift and Environment Collaborators: Mike Pracy, Jayaram Chengalur, Frank Briggs, Matthew](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d7d5503460f94a60106/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
• used coadded HI 21-cm emission to measure the cosmic HI gas
density at z = 0.24; value is consistent with that from damped Lyα
measurements; shown SFR–MHI relationship holds at z = 0.24
• galaxies around Abell 370 at z = 0.37 have significantly
amounts of gas; shows clear environmental trends similar to
nearby systems; shown SFR–MHI relationship holds at z = 0.37
• to explain difference in evolution between SFR and HI gas
postulated either a varying SFR–MHI relationship or a varying HI
mass function
Conclusion