Stanford UniversityGlobal Climate & Energy Project

Carbon-Free Production of Hydrogenfrom Fossil Fuels

Introductory RemarksChris F. Edwards

Deputy Director, GCEP

April 26, 2004

Global Climate & Energy Project

• A research project to develop new technologyoptions for a low GHG future.

• Industrially sponsored: ExxonMobil, GeneralElectric, Toyota, Schlumberger

• Ten-year project seeking options for the10-50 year time frame.

• Defining what is possible is a key elementof developing ideas and research for new options.

• The objective of this meeting is to consider what ispossible in the context of fossil-derived hydrogen.

Thank You!

• to our sponsors—for making this project possible

• to our speakers—for sharing your time, expertise,and opinions with us

• to our faculty—for considering how you cancontribute to this problem of global importance inyour research groups

• to the energy community—for taking time toparticipate in our discussions

• to our students—for providing the ideas, energy,and implementation needed to meet this challenge

Global Exergy Balance (TW)Global Exergy Balance (TW)

Source: J.T. Szargut, Energy 28, 2003 as cited by W. Hermann, 2004. (1 ZJ = 1021J)

Current Global Exergy Usage Rate ~ 15 TW (0.5 ZJ per year)

81300

81300/15 = 5420

?

Source: OECD/IEA, Paris,World EnergyOutlook 2002,Second Edition,November(2002)

Source: OECD/IEA, Paris, World Energy Outlook 2002, Second Edition, November (2002)

Source: “Technology Opportunities to Reduce U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions,” prepared bythe National Laboratory Directors for the U.S. Department of Energy (1997)

Source: IPCC, “Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, Cambridge Univ. Press, UK (2001)

United States CO2 Emissions in 2000

Source: U.S. EPA Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, April 2002

Millions of metric tons per year carbon equivalent

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation Electric

Generation

Natural Gas

Petroleum

Coal32%

42%

14%

~4%~7%

Operating U.S. Power Plants in 2000Operating U.S. Power Plants in 2000By Year of Startup for the Last 50 YearsBy Year of Startup for the Last 50 Years

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

Renewables

Others

Oil & NG

Nuclear

Coal

GW (1,000 MW)

Year of Startup

Source: Dale Simbeck, SFA Pacific from EIA, FERC, NETL & EPA data bases (2003)

Existing Coal Units322 GW summertime52% of total MWh70% utilization33% efficiency HHV28 yr. MW wt. age

U.S. Land Transportation

• 200 million vehicles, 300 million people

• 4.3 trillion tons of freight per year

• 4.2 trillion miles per year

• 200 billion gallons of fuel per year

• 90% of trips by cars and light-duty trucks

• 25% of land-transport energy use bymedium- and heavy-duty trucks

Source: John Heywood, MIT Energy Laboratory, NAE Section X Meeting, October, 2003

Source: Weiss et al., “Comparative Study of Fuel Cell Cars”, MIT Energy Laboratory (2003)

Source: M. Ramage et al., The Hydrogen Economy…, National Academy of Engineering, 2004

Source: M. Ramage et al., The Hydrogen Economy…, National Academy of Engineering, 2004

Source: M. Ramage et al., The Hydrogen Economy…, National Academy of Engineering, 2004

Our Task Today

• to consider the potential role of hydrogenin achieving a low GHG future

• to consider how we might begin to movealong possible paths

• to consider the research required to makesuch a future possible

• to consider the role that hydrogen fromfossil fuels might play in all of the above

Agenda

8:30–9:00 Welcome and Introduction

8:30 Introduction and Workshop Purpose, Chris Edwards, GCEP

9:00–12:30 Session 1: Clean Hydrogen Production, Chair: Jim Sweeney

9:00 Overview of Hydrogen Technologies…, Rodney Allam, Air Products and Chemicals9:30 Technology Innovation and Development…, Lowell Miller, U.S. DOE10:00 Australian Activities in Clean Hydrogen…, John Wright, CSIRO

10:30–10:45 BREAK

10:45 In Pursuit of a Hydrogen Economy…, Tom Kreutz, Princeton University11:15 Some Technical Challenges…, Jack Johnston, ExxonMobil Research & Engineering11:45 Panel Discussion

12:30–1:30 LUNCH

1:30–5:30 Session 2: Innovative Approaches, Chair: Reginald Mitchell

1:30 Technical Aspects of Clean Hydrogen Production, Charles Taylor, U.S. DOE - NETL2:00 Hydrogen Production with Zero Emissions…, John Ruby, Nexant, Inc.2:30 Coal to Hydrogen: Novel Membrane Reactor..., Francis Lau, Gas Tech. Institute

3:00–3:15 BREAK

3:15 Membrane Reactors: Key Technology…, Daniel Jansen and Peter Alderliesten, ECN3:45 Conversion of Hydrocarbons into SynGas…, Alexander Fridman, Drexel University4:15 Panel Discussion5:00 Concluding Remarks / Adjourn, Chris Edwards, GCEP

Logistics

• 15 min breaks (extend panel time)

• Restrooms are located at…

• Breaks will take place in…

• Lunch will be served in…

• Reception will take place in…