Standards

Standardization

Protocol

Why Standardization

Talking about a Change Not so long ago…… ……Today

Telco considered a utility –

Basic Services and no

competition

Deconstruction of traditional

value chains > value networks

State owned incumbents Liberalization/privatization >

New Entrants, New Businesses

National / Regional players Global Markets , Global

Players

Monopolistic standards

production market

Oligopolistic standards

production market

Less than 5 Regulatory

bodies worldwide

120+ Regulatory bodies

worldwide

Standardization ,

A Means to be Future proof Standardization, a tool(amongst others) :

To level the playing field

For fair competition

Basic Principles of Standardization

Voluntary

Open

Consensus

Public

General Purpose for the society

Compatibility (between generations)

Prerequisites for Standardization

Commitment

Competence

Continuity

Trust

Standardization is (1)

Load Sharing

Cost saving

Close co-operation of competitors

Reduction of solutions to a minimum, preferably ONE

Standardization is (2)

Creation of a critical Mass

Bringing economy of scale

A fight against technical barriers to trade

Standardization – Value Addition

Future proofing and security

Multivendor Interoperation

CAPEX/OPEX reduction

Fast time to market

User acceptance

New revenue streams

The Standards Making Process

Two types of standards:

– Formal standards are developed by an official industry or government body.

– Defacto standards emerge in the marketplace and supported by several vendors, but

have no official standing.

The Standards Making Process

Formal standardization process has three

stages

1. Specification stage: developing a

nomenclature and identifying the problems to

be addressed.

2. Identification of choices stage: those

working on the standard identify the various

solutions and choose the optimum solution

from among the alternatives.

3. Acceptance, the most difficult stage: defining

the solution and getting recognized industry

leaders to agree on a single, uniform solution

Telecommunications Standards

Organizations

.

ITU 1865 – International Telegraph Union

1924 – International Telephone Consultative Committee

(CCIF)

1925 – International Telegraph Consultative

Committee(CCIT)

1932 – International Telegraph Union > International

Telecommunication Union

1947 – United Nation’s specialized agency for

Telecommunication

1956 – CCIF & CCIT merged to form CCITT

1993 – Renamed as ITU - United Nations specialized

agency for ICTs Committed to connecting all the world’s

people & CCITT > ITU-T

11 ITU-T Overview

ITU Structure

• ITU-T: Telecommunication standardization on a world-wide basis on technical, operating and tariff Questions

• ITU-R: Radio communications and wireless

• ITU-D: Use and deployment of telecom networks and services in developing and least developed countries

• General Secretariat: Coordinates the Union's activities and the overall management of the Union

Plenipotentiary Conference

ITU Council

ITU-T

World Telecommunication

Standardization Assembly

ITU-R World Radiocommunication

Conference

Radiocommunication

Assembly

ITU-D

World Telecommunication

Development Conference

General

Secretariat

Basic Operating Documents

• ITU Constitution and ITU Convention http://www.itu.int/aboutitu/basic-texts/index.html

• In addition for the ITU-T

•WTSA Resolutions http://www.itu.int/opb/publications.aspx?lang=en&parent=T-RES&selection=1&sector=2

•A-series Recommendations http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-A/e

Memberships • Member States - Administrations

• Members of the ITU

• One per country

• Presently 193 Members States in ITU

• Examples: USA (State Department), France

• Sector Members • Members of a Sector (e.g., ITU-T)

• Membership is by entities associated with a country or by international entities

• Presently 557 Sector Members in ITU

• Examples: Alcatel-Lucent, IEEE (International), BSNL

• Associates • Can participate in a single Study Group

• Presently 165 Associates in ITU

• Examples: Anritsu Corporation, WiMAX Forum

• Academia • Universities, Research Institutes

• Presently 99 members

• Example: IIT, Mumbai, University of Tokyo

ITU-T - in a Nutshell • Unique partnership of private sector (Sector Members) &

government (Member States)

• Today, 95% of work is done by private sector

• Remaining 5% with policy or regulatory impact

• ITU-T Product: Recommendations (= “standards”)

• Example: G992.1 (ADSL), G993.1 (VDSL)

• Two approval processes for Recommendations

• TAP for texts with policy or regulatory impact

• AAP for technical texts

• Work (mostly) done in Study Groups (13 of them)

• Truly global

• Consensus decisions

• Flexible, fast and transparent procedures

• Brand name

• IPR Policy

ITU-T Focus Areas

• CTs and climate change

• Bridging the standardization gap

• Next-generation networks (NGN);

• Broadband access;

• Multimedia services;

• Emergency telecommunications;

• IP issues;

• Optical networking;

• Network management;

• Internet governance;

• Cybersecurity;

• Fixed/mobile convergence

ITU-T is Fast

• ITU-T is fast to • start work: 1 day / few weeks

(from 2-4 yrs)

• develop work: few weeks (from 2-3 yrs)

• approve work: 2 months (from 4 yrs)

• “Speedy Gonzalez approval procedure” (= AAP)

for technical standards (=95% of work)

AAP approves Recommendations in 4-5 weeks

• publish work: couple of days after approval (from 2-

4 yrs)

17 ITU-T Overview

WORKING

PARTIES

ITU-T Structure

GuidePart_F01

R R R R

WORLD TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION ASSEMBLY

(WTSA)

TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION ADVISORY GROUP

(TSAG)

STUDY GROUP X STUDY GROUP Y

WORKING

PARTY

Qs. V, W, X

WORKING

PARTY

Qs. Y, Z

WORKING

PARTY

Qs. V, W

WORKING

PARTY

Qs. X, Y, Z

R: RAPPORTEUR GROUP FOR QUESTIONS (Qs)

FOCUS

GROUP

TSBDir or

World Telecommunication

Standardization Assembly

• WTSA meets at 4 year intervals

• Sets direction/structure of ITU-T

• Establishes the study group structure

• Approves their work program

• Appoints their chairmen and vice-chairmen

• Creates and approves WTSA Resolutions

Telecom Standardization Advisory

Group (TSAG) • Meets at 8 to 9 month intervals to act between WTSAs

• Provided guidance to the TSB Director and Study Groups • Strategy and priorities

• Work Program

• Working Methods

• Financial matters

• EDH and EWM

• Can create/modify Study Groups between WTSAs, if necessary

• Foster cooperation and coordination with other relevant bodies • within ITU

• with SDOs, forums and consortia outside ITU

Study Groups

• Study Groups work on Questions to prepare

draft Recommendations • The responsibility and mandates of each Study

Group is set out by WTSA in Resolution 2.

• Overall mandate

• Assigned Questions

• Assigned Lead Study Group responsibilities

• Assigned Recommendations

Study Group Management Team

• Composition

- SG Chairman, Vice-Chairmen

- WP Chairman (sometimes also the Vice-Chairmen) - TSB Engineer/Counsellor

• Role

- Establishment of an appropriate structure for the distribution of work: Questions assignment to SGs, WPs

- Coordination and planning of meetings to ensure the

smooth running of WP and/or SG meetings: Meeting agenda,

Documents assignment to SG, WPs, etc.

- Promotion of Study Group activities coordinated with TSB:

Providing materials for Press Release, e-flash, etc.

Questions, Rapporteurs and Editors

• Questions * : Approved by Study Groups or WTSA

Define a particular project to be studied

• Rapporteurs * : Appointed by the SG or WP to each Question

- Ensure progress of the group of experts towards Recommendations

- Lead, moderate debates (e-mails, conf. calls, etc.) and coordinate progress

- Chair the meetings of the experts

• Editors: Proposed by Rapporteurs, appointed by the WP or SG, prepare

and follow-up draft Recommendations

ITU-T Study Groups

• SG 2 Operational aspects of service provision, networks and

performance

• SG 3 Tariff and accounting principles including related

telecommunications economic and policy issues

• SG 5 Protection against electromagnetic environment

effects

• SG 9 Integrated broadband cable networks and television

and sound transmission

• SG 11 Protocols and test specifications

• SG 12 Performance ,quality of service and QoE

• SG 13 Future networks (& cloud)

• SG 15 Transport, Access AND Home

• SG 16 Multimedia terminals, systems and applications

• SG 17 Security, languages and telecommunication software

• SG 20 IoT and applications, smart cities

Lead Study Group Concept

Oversight of work relating to multiple Study Groups • SG 2 - LSG for Service definition, numbering and routing

• SG 2 - LSG for Telecommunication for disaster relief/early warning

• SG 4 – LSG on Telecommunication management

• SG 9 - LSG on Integrated broadband cable and television networks

• SG 11 – LSG on Signalling and protocols

• SG 11 – LSG on Intelligent networks

• SG 12 – LSG on Quality of service and performance

• SG 13 – LSG for NGN and satellite matters

• SG 15 – LSG on Access network transport

• SG 15 – LSG on Optical technology

• SG 16 – LSG on Multimedia terminals, systems and applications

• SG 16 – LSG on Ubiquitous applications (“e-everything”, such as e-health and e-business)

• SG 17 – LSG on Telecommunication security

• SG 17 – LSG on Languages and description techniques

• SG 19 – LSG on Mobile telecommunication networks and for mobility

Focus Group Concept • Create forum-like entities as an “arms-length”

organization under an ITU-T Study Group or TSAG

• Work on a well-defined topic, scheduled for completion at a specific time

• Goal: Encourage participation of non-members and members of other organizations (forums)

• Focus Groups have substantial freedom to establish their own rules

• Can keep own brand name and at the same time benefit from ITU’s branding

• Non-ITU members can participate

• Focus Groups can issue its own deliverables and can provide deliverables to its parent Study Group but cannot issue Recommendations by themselves

ITU-T Focus Groups • Identity Management – Exploring mechanisms that allow different

IdM frameworks to interoperate together

• From/In/To Cars Communication – Work on specifications for transmission characteristics for headsets and hands free terminals

• IPTV – Coordinating and promoting the development of global IPTV standards

• Security Baseline for Network Operators – Defining a security baseline so that operators can assess their network and information security posture in terms of available standards

• NGN Management – Providing a centralized approach regarding specification of NGN related fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security management interfaces

• Open Communications Architecture Forum – Defining specifications for a set of components for a new carrier grade open platforms

ITU-T Recommendations

• Developed by 13 Study Groups and TSAG divided into

themed series:

• A-series covers the Organization of the Work of

ITU-T and guidelines related to Recommendations

• Series D through Z cover specific subject areas, for

example:

• the G-series covers Recommendations on

“Transmission systems and media, digital

systems and networks”

• The Y-series covers Recommendations on

“Global information infrastructure, Internet

protocol aspects and next-generation networks”

Approval of Recommendations

•Traditional Approval Process (TAP) For Recommendations subject to policy or

regulatory implications

Initiated by an SG or WP meeting and completed, for final approval,

at the subsequent SG meeting (§9 Res.1)

• Alternative Approval Process (AAP) For Recommendations without policy or regulatory implications

Once the text is considered sufficiently mature, it is submitted for

AAP by an SG or WP meeting (Rec. A.8)

Key ITU-T Recommendations

• G.703 – E1(PCM)

• G.711 – Audio coding

• G.709, G.798, G.872 – OTN

• G.983, G.984, G.987 – PON

• G.707, G.783, G.803 – SDH

• G.694.1, G.694.2 - WDM

• Q.7xx – Signalling System 7

• X.25 – Packet Switched WAN

• I series – ISDN

• L series – Environment and ICTs

• Y series – Global information infra, IP aspects, NGN

• V series – Data Communication over telephone network

Collaboration- other Organisations

• ITU’s Constitution/Convention asks that

• ITU-T cooperate “with other world and

regional intergovernmental organizations, and

those non-governmental organizations

concerned with telecommunications"

• ITU-T has a wealth of instruments in place to

collaborate with others

31

Cooperation with ISO and IEC

• World Standards Cooperation (WSC)

– Annual meetings of the leadership teams of ITU-T, ITU-R, ISO, IEC

• ITU-T Resolution 7 “Collaboration with ISO and IEC”

• ITU-T Rec. A.23 "Collaboration with ISO and IEC on information technology"

– Annex A: Guide for ITU-T and ISO/IEC JTC 1 Cooperation

(= Annex K to JTC 1 Directives)

– ITU-T has hundreds of “common texts” with ISO/IEC

• ISO/IEC/ITU-T Strategic Advisory Group on Security (SAG-S)

• Common Patent Policy, Guidelines, Form

International Standards Organization

(ISO)

- A multinational body whose membership is drawn mainly from the standards creation committees of various governments throughout the world

- Dedicated to worldwide agreement on international standards in a variety field.

- Currently includes 163 national memberships

- Aims to facilitate the international exchange of goods and services by providing models for compatibility, improved quality, increased quality, increased productivity and decreased prices

- Member of ITU

- Created Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard (1984)

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

• IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA)

• IEEE 802 LAN / MAN group of standards

• IEEE 802 map to the lowest two layers, Data Link and

Physical, of the OSI model

• IEEE 802 splits the Data Link Layer into two sub layers

– Logical Link Control (LLC)

– Media Access Control (MAC)

• IEEE 802.11 – A set of MAC and physical layer specs for

implementing WLAN computer communications in 2.4, 3.6,

5 and 60 GHz frequency bands

IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force

• Open standards organisation

• Collaborates with ITU

• Regular meeting of the leadership teams

Internet Engineering Task Force

A protocol proposed by a vendor

IETF working group study the proposal

IETF issues a request for comment (RFC)

IETF reviews the comments

IETF proposes an improved RFC

The proposed standard becomes a draft

standard if two or more vendors adopt it

The RFC becomes a proposed standard

More Organizations

– American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

– European Telecommunication Standardisation Institute

(ETSI)

– Electronic Industries Association (EIA)

– National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

– National Exchange Carriers Association (NECA)

– Corporation for Open Systems (COS)

– Electronic Data Interchange -(EDI) of Electronic Data

Interchange for Administration Commerce and Transport

(EDIFACT).

Thank You