STANDARD PLANK FOR WOOD LAMINATION ON

KHAYA IVORENSISIZZAH AZIMAH BINTI NOH

AS2476A

STANDARD PLANK

• A standard of machining practices for the surface quality of plank.

• Influences of machining process for the plank or sawn timber.

(Sources from T.Adam, 1975)

MACHINING PRACTICESPLANE

• Reduce the thickness• Trim or remove irregular

surface• Straighten the plank

RIP

• Straight cut into parallel grain direction

• Trim excess wood

(Sources from Wagner, 1974)

• Khaya ivorensis • Known as Lagos wood is one of the

type of Mahogany species. • 580-690 kg/m3 with moderately

durable• Pinkish for the pith and heartwood

light pink to dark brown to reddish colour.

• Interlocked grain • Lustre or sheen

(Sources: Lincoln 1989, Noor 1990, Vazquez 2003)

WOOD SPECIES

PROBLEM STATEMENT

• Increasing in consumption of timber

• Time management on producing wood material for manufacturing process.

• Wood waste handling problem

OBJECTIVES

• To investigate the suitability of machining practice such as plane and rip on Khaya wood for lamination.

• To identify the mechanical properties of Khaya wood.

SCOPE & LIMITATION OF STUDY

SCOPE

• Machining practices

• Lamination process

LIMITATION

• Material handling

• The characteristic of Khaya wood

• Limited source of references

SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY

System

• Sanding (S1)• Without sanding (S2)

Lamination

• Plane and plane (P1)• Rip and rip (P2)• Plane and rip (P3)

METHODOLOGY

FLOWCHART

Raw material

preparation

Planing and

ripping

Sanding and

without sanding

Glue spreading

Clamping TrimmingPreparation sample

testTesting

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

IN HOUSE METHOD TESTING

STATIC BENDING• REFERENCE STANDARD: BS

373: 2008 

• SIZE: (40 ×40×410) mm

• SPAN: 360 mm

• SPEED: 10mm/min 

 COMPRESSION SHEAR

• REFERENCE STANDARD: BS 373: 1957

•  SIZE: : (40 ×40×40) mm 

• SPEED: 10mm/min

DELAMINATION TEST

• REFERENCE STANDARD: JAS 1751 2008

• SIZE: (40 ×40×75) mm 

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

DENSITY, (MOR AND MOE) AND COMPRESSION SHEAR OF 3 TYPE OF LAMINATION AND 2 TYPE OF

SYSTEM

Note: Modulus of Rupture (MOR), Modulus of Elasticity (MOE)

Lamination process Density(ρ) MOR MOE Compression

shearP1 (S1) 561.35 58.37 5354.85 4.596P2 (S2) 511.98 67.25 5725 7.34P2 (S1) 627.52 58.49 6233.12 2.961P2 (S2) 491.81 47.24 4590.02 4.51P3 (S1) 605.69 45.47 5785.95 2.834P3 (S2) 540.5 59.32 5696.67 5.54

SOV OF ANOVA

Standard of Variance (SOV)

Degree of freedom

(Df)

MOR MOE Compression shear

System 1 1.298ns 3.571ns 154.227**

Lamination 2 4.099* 0.638ns 47.33**

System and lamination 1 5.32* 6.426* 4.832*

Note: ns for not significant (p>0.05), * for significant (p<0.05), ** for highly significant (p<0.01)

Result of MOR on lamination process for the sanding (S1) and without

sanding system (S2)

P1 P2 P30

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

58.375 58.4983

45.4717

67.2567

47.24

59.32

Modulus of Rupture (MOR)

S1 S2

Result of MOE for lamination process with

sanding and without sanding system

P1 P2 P30

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

5354.8467

6233.12335785.955

5724.995

4590.0183

5696.6767

Modulus of Elasticity (MOE)

S1 S2

Result of compression shear on lamination

process for sanding and without sanding system

P1 P2 P30

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

4.4817

3.0163 2.8317

7.1842

4.4953

5.5183

Compression shear

S1 S2

Effect of the delamination of the

system and lamination process

P1 P2 P390.00%

91.00%

92.00%

93.00%

94.00%

95.00%

96.00%

97.00%

98.00%

99.00%

98.15%

94.53%

95.80%

93.50%

94.50%

95.00%

Delamination

S1 S2

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Standard plank for

wood lamination on

Khaya ivorensis

System (S1 and S2) for

surface roughness

are vice versa

Plane and plane (P1)

consider as the best machining

practices for wood

lamination

Recommendation

Grit number of abrasive

Type of abrasive

paper

Jointing and

lamination

Glue spreadi

ng

REFERENCES• T.Adams, J., & Stieri, E. (1975). The Complete Workworking Handbook. New York: Arco Publishing

Company, Inc.• Wagner, W. H. (1974). Modern Woodworking. South Holland, Illinos: THE GOODHEART- WILLCOX

COMPANY, INC.• Vazquez-Cooz, I. A. (2003). Fundamental study on the development of fuzzy grain and its relationship to

tension wood. (3084761 Ph.D.), State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Ann Arbor. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezaccess.library.uitm.edu.my/docview/305294914?accountid=42518 ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global database.

• Noor, H. M. (1990). Prestasi dan Potensi Khaya Ivorensis di Semenanjung Malaysia. Kepong: Forest Research Institute Malaysia.

• Milner, H. R. (2009). 8 - Sustainability of engineered wood products in construction. In J. M. Khatib (Ed.), Sustainability of Construction Materials (pp. 184-212): Woodhead Publishing.

• Lincoln, W. A. (1986). World Woods in Color. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.