Aerosol

NFPA 2O1O

Standard onFire-Extinguishing

Systems

2006 Edition

rmlNFPA

NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471An lnternational Codes and Standards Organization

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2010-l

()opvright O 2005, N:rtional Fit 'c Protcction Associ:rtiotr, All Righrs Rcsen'c<l

NTPA 2OIO

Standard for

Fixed Aerosol Fire-Extinguishing Systems

2006 Edition

Tlris eclitiou of NF-PA20lO, Standaxl.fbrI'ixcdAerc.soll;ire-lixtinstti.shing.Sy,rlr:nrr, rvas prep:,rrerlbv thc Tcchrrical (lornnrittee on Acrosol Extingtrishing Tcchnology ancl acte<l on l>,v NFPA atits-fune Association Technical Mee ting held.ftrne 6-10, 2005, in Las Vegas, N4 It u'as issuecl bvthe Standarcls Council on.ftrly 29, 2005, rvith an elfectivc clirtc ofAtrgust 18, 2005.

This edition of NFPA 2010 rvas approvecl ir.s an Arnerican National Stanclarcl on Augtst 18,200ir,

O"igin and Development of NF?A 2010

In 1995, i lt thc reqrrest of the Technicrl Clornmil"tce on Alternirtivc Pl'()tcction ()pt.ions t<rHalon, the NFPA SLrnclarcls Council voted to proceecl rvith a new 1>roject to provide snridanceon the srrlrjcct <>f fine-aerosol extinguishing techrrolol5r'. In 1996 the Standarcls (lorrncil rc-viewed thc status of that project and votcd t() postpor)c the app<lintnre nt of'a startLtp roste r firrir fine-aerosol technologv project until the teclrnology hacl actual field rrse ancl experience .Ovcr the ncxt 5 years, fielcl rtsc ancl cxpcrience supJrort material lva.s accrrrnrrlat.ecl, an<l in2001 tlte Stanclards Cloturcil, responcling to a public l 'equest, establishecl a nerv project onfine-aerosol extinsuishing technology-. In 2003 the

'Iechnical Clormnittee on Aerosol Extin-

lpishing Tcchnology subrnitted ar <lraf t rlocrrrncnt tit lc<l Fixccl Aerosol Extinppishing Syste ursfor irrcltrsion in thcAnnttzrl 2005 c1'cle. That docrrrnclrt becanre NFPA2010, Sla.nrlad for I ' ixerlAeru.sol Fi re-Ext i rtguish ing S1'.slerzs.

2010-2 FIXED AEROSOL FIRE-EXTINC;UISHINC.} S}f;TEN,IS

Technical C ommi ttee on Aerosol Extlnguishing Technolo gy

Robert T. Wckham, ChairItickhant.{ss<-rciutes. NH t SE I

Rt:p. Halon Alternati ' r 'es Research ( )orporation

Daniel A. DaN, SerntriryHESIVI &A, Incorpora(ccl, ( ;A [SE]

Avi Bahar, Fir-e OP Ltcl,, FL ISE]David M. Barreres, Bechtel SAIC;, LL(1, N\/ [t]]Luciano Borghetti, HrrghesAssot:iates Eulope srl, Italy' ISEJJohn E. Brooks, Firepak Oil ancl (las Inclustries l,tcl.,\{A [ru]Randdl Eberly, U.S. Coast Cltrarcl Heaclquarters, DC [E]Marc V. Gross, Sensor Electr<;nics Corporation, I,IN [lvl]Elwin G.Joyce II, E:rstern Kenttrckv tlniversitl, I{f ISE]Bella A. Maranion. Li.S. Environrnent:rl ProtectionAgeno', D(: [E]StevenJ. McCormick, [I.S. Departrlent of-dre Alnry MI [ti]

Erin Birgfeld, U.S. Envirclnrnental Protection Agenc,v,D(r [E]

(Ah. to B . A . \ {a ran ion)George E. Laverick, Underrr'riter-s Labcrratories Inc.,rr, tRTl

(Alt. to K. \f'. Zastrorv)Donald B. MacElwee, POIVSLIS Incoryrorated, PA [M]

(Alt. to H. E. Stervart)

James D. Lake, NFIA Sta{I'l-iaisorr

Rcibert C. Merritt, FM Ci,lobal, l,tA, tIlDonald E. Olander, Las Vegas, N\' [SE]Willtam E. Paradis, Firernan's Ftrncl Iustrriurce C)onr1>ant,,I1,\ []Adam T. Richardson, l,evitt-S;rfe ry l.inrited, Oanada [llr'{]Harry E. Stewart, POI\:SUS Incc,rporated, FL lMlJ"iriqs R. Streit, Los Alanros National l;rbor';ttorr', NIt Itr]Ketrneth W. Zastrow, Underr,r'riters Laboratories Inc..rL tKrlGrtobi Zhang, Ansrrl Incorporatt:d/Tvco, \\'l [!I]

Robert V. Scholes, Firernan's Ftrnd Instrriurce C)ornpanr'.( rA [ r j

(Alt. to \V. l l. Paraclis)Doirg Toupalik, Ansul Incorp<-rLatecl/T\'c,-r. WI IM]

(Al t . to G. Zhang)

Alternates

.l .hi.sI ist,rrpn'.senl.rtht,nulnberslt i | la(|h'cLi ' twl lp

changes in tlu nanbetship nruy Jrcn,e occuned. j. ka; to classifcatiorts i.s lound at the back of the dontntnt.

N()Tl-: Mc:nrbershi l) on A cort ' lnl i t tee sl ' ral l nc)t i l ' r and of iusel l coirsl i trr te an endorsenrent o{ ' the Associat ion ori l tr l 'c locurnent devel(,pccl by t lre cornnrit tee on rt 'hich t l te membcl sen'es.

Committee Scope: This ( lonrmittce shal l hale 1>rirnary responsibi l i t ,v lbr clocunren[s on clesigrr. insri t l lat i t>rr.opctat iot i , tcst i t ' tg, rnaintetratrce, i lnd rtse of ' l i rc-extirrgrr ishirrg svstenls that tr t i l ize aelosol ext ingtr ishintagellts. It shall trot itddless clocrtruents on safeguarcling against tlte fire and explosiou hazirrcls:rss<-rciirtecl rr'iththe tnantrfircturing, hanclling, and stol'age of cornbustible or fliinrurable aerosol products ccx,ered by othercornrnit [ees.

2006 Edition

C;ONTENTS 2010-3

Contents

Chapter I Administration

l I Scol>e

1.2 Purpose

1 .3 Re t roac t i v i t y . . . .

1 . 4 E q u i v a l e n c y . . . . . .

l . i r Uni ts and Fonnula.s . . . .

Chapter 2 Referenced Publications

2.1 General

2 .2 NFPAPr rb l i c : r t i ons . . . .

2 .3 ( ) thc r P r rb l i c : r t i ons . . . . .

2.4 References for Extracts in tr{anclatorv

Sect iotrs

Chapter 3 Definitions ..

3.1 Ge neral

3.2 t{FPA Ofliciarl Definitions

3.3 (icnerarl Definitions

3.4 Spccia l Dcf in i t i r>n.s for Mar inc System.s . . .

Ctrapter 4 General

4. I ( )eneral Informat io l l . . . . .

4.2 LTse ancl L imi tat ions . . . . . ..4.3 Environnrental Far: tors . . . .

4.4 Cornpatibil ity rvith Other AgenLs

Chapter 5 Safety Requirements ..

5. I Revierv Re quire merlt ... .

5.2 Hazarcls to Persotrnel ....

5.3 Elcctr ic : r lClearances

Chapter 6 Components ....

6.1 Conclensed Aerosol Svstem Agent

Strpply

f)is1>ersecl Aerr>s<>l Svstern Agent Strppl,v ..

Dispersecl Ae rosol Systern Distribution

C o r n p o n e n t s . . .

Detectiou, Actuation, Alamr, ancl

Control Systems

Chapter 7 System Design ..... 2010-127.I Specif icat ions, Plans, anclApprorals . . . . . . 2010-127.2 Di.spersccl Acr'osol S1'stern Florv

( l a l cu la t i o r l s . . . . . . . . . . . 2010 -13Enclosure 2010-13Design Application Densitr . 2010-13Total Flooding Quanti t) ' . . . . 2010-14Durat ion o f Protect ion . . . . . . . 2010-14Distr ibution Svstern .. 2010-14Nozzle <lr ()encrntor ( lhoice ancl

Location 2010-15

Chapter 8 Approval of Installations .. . . .. . . 20f 0-158 .1 ( i ene ra l . 2010 -15ff.z lnstal lat ion Acr:eptancc .. . . . 2010-15

Chapter 9 Inspection, Maintenance, Tests,Tra in ing,andSafety . . . . . . .2010-17

Inspec t i on . . . . . 2010 -17Nla i r r tenance . . . . . . . . . . . 2010-17T e s t s . . . . . . 2 0 1 0 - 1 7Trzrining 2010-18S a f e r y . . . . . 2 0 1 0 - 1 8

Chapter l0 Marine Systems .. 2010-181 0 . 1 S c o p e . . . . . 2 0 1 0 - 1 810.2 G'enela l . . 2010-1810.3 Special Definit ions .. . . 20f 0-18lO.4 Inspet - - ted \ tssc ls . . . . . . . 2010- lB10.5 Uninspectecl Vessels ancl Plea.strre Oraft .. 2010-20

2010- 42010- 42010- 42010- 42010- 420ro- 4

2010- 42010- 42010- 42010- 4

2010- 5

2010- 52010- 52010- 52010- 52010- 6

2010- 62010- 62010- 62010- 72010- 7

2010- 72010- 72010- 72010- 8

2010- 8

2010- 82010- 9

2010- I

2010-10

Annex C

Amex D

I . : t

7.41 . : )

7.6

t . 6

L l9.29 .39..+!1.5

Anriex A Explanatory Material

Annex B Toxicity Information

2010-20

20r0-22

2010-24

20r0-26

2010-28

6.26 .3

Reduced Vsibility Information

Inf ormational Re ferences6.4

Index

2006 Edition

2010-4 FIXED AEROSOL FIRE-EXTINGUISHINC} SYSTEMS

NFPA 2OIO

Standard for

Fixed Aenosol Fire-Extinguishing Syatems

2006 Edition

IMPORTANT NOTE: This NFPA document is made auailable foruse subject to importad twtices and legal disclaimers. These notiesand disclaimerc appear in aA publications containing this docutnentand may be found under the heading "Impmtant Notices and Di*claimers Concening NFPA Doanments." They can also be obtaincdon request from NFPA or aiezaed at unnrt.nJpa. org/disclaimers.

NOTICE: An asterisk (*) follow'inq the number or letter'designating a paragraph indicates that explarlatory materialon the paragml>h can be found inAnnexA.

A ref'e re rtcc in brackers [ ] following a se<:tiorr or p:rragraplrinclicates material that has been extractecl fi 'om another NFPAcloctunent.As an aicl to the trser', the complete title and eclitionof tlre soul'ce docurnents for extracts in mandatory sections ofthe clocruner)t are gi'ven in Chapter 2 ancl those for extracts ininfbrnrirtional sections :rre givcn in Arrne x D. E<litor inlchanges to extl: lcted m:rterial consist of'revising ref'erences t<ran appropriate division in this cloctrment or the incltrsion ofthe <loctrmcttt nrunl.rer u'ith the division nurnbcr when tht:reference is to the original clocunr.e nt. Requests fot' intelpreta-tions or reyisions of extractecl text shall be se llt to the techni-cal comrnittee r(:sponsible f<lr thc sotrrce rkrcument.

Infbrtn:rtion on ref-erctrcecl ptrblications citn be f<lrncl inOhaptcr 2 :rnrl A"nnex D.

Chapterl Administration

l . l Scope.

l.l.l This stanclard contains the requirelnellts for the desigar,installation, operation, testing, ancl rnaintetlarlce of condensecland clislrcrsed aerosol fire-cxtingrrishing s!'stems ftrr total flood-ing applications.

1.1.2 This surrrclur<l alscl (:()\,ers pcr{clrrnarncc rcqrrircr)lcntsan<l mcthocl.s <lf testirtg ftlr conclcusecl neros<,rl s1'stcnrs, clis-persed aerosol systelns, ancl associated components.

1.2 Purpose. This standarcl is preparecl fbr the trse by anclcuiclance of those chargecl nith purchasing, clesigning, install-ing, testing, inspecting, approving, l isting, ()pcratirlg, irndrnaintaining fixcd aerosol fire-cxtingui.shing systents, .scl [hatsuch equipment will function as intended throughotrt its l ife .

1.3 Retroactivity.

1.3. I The provisions of this docrunerlt al 'e consiclered neces-szul'to provide zr rcasonablc level of protcction fiorn loss o1'l ifeancl properq'from fire. They reflect situations and the state ofthe art at the tirne the stanclard was issuecl.

1.3.2 L.rnless othenl' ise r)ote(|, it is not intendecl that the 1>r'o-l ' isions of this docurnent be appliecl to facil it ies, equiprnent,strrrctr.u-es, or installations that u,ere existi l lg or appr<lve<l fbrconstrrrcticln or installation Jrrior tcl thc eff'ective <late: of thisrkrcrunet t t .

1.4 Equivalency. Nothine in this stanclard is intendecl to pre-vent the trse of new rnethocls or cler.ices, providecl strfficient

2006 Edition

teclutical clata :rre strbmittecl to the authorit) 'having jurisdic-tion lo dcrnr>nstratc thert the new mctho<l or <levice is eqtdva-lent iu cluality, effectiveness, dtrrability, and safety to that pre-scribed bv thi,s standarcl.

1.5 Units and Formulas.

1.5.1* Metric trnits of l))easurement in thi.s standarcl are inaccordance with the nroclernized mctric systcrn knor.r,n as theInterhational Systern of tlnits (SI).

1.5.2 If a varlrre fi:r rnea,srrre nrcnt a.s give n in this st:rndarrcl isfollorved bv an equilalent r':rlue in othcr trniLs, the fjrst statecl istr> be rcgardc<l as the rcrlrritenrent. A given ecluivalent valrrecoulcl be ay>proxir]late.

Chapter 2 Referenced Publications

2.1 General. Thc docrrrnenLs or' 1>ortions thereof l istecl in thischarpte r:rre ref'erencecl rvithin this .sturudard an<l shall be ccln-siclerecl part of the requirements of tiris rlocrrment.

2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Associatiou.I B:rttervrnarch Park, Qtrinc,v, MA 021 6\)-7471.

NF['A 70, I{ational Elpctica,l Codc'e,200ir eclition.A?Pd 7/t, l,iutional lirt Akmtn Oorle{e,2002 cclition.NFI'A 2001, .Stazdnrd on, ()lean Agent Firc ExtinErlslr.ing Sis-

terns,2004 e<l i t ion.

2.3 Other Publications.

2.3.I ANSI Publications. Ar-ncrican N:rtion:rl Starrclards Insti-ttrte , Inc., 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, NervYork, NY 10036.

,{\Sl B I .20.1, Sl.urulanl Jin Pilx'l'h.rurds, (krmul Purlxne,2O0l

ANSI C',2, National Electfica.l Saptl C)od.t,2001.

2.3.2 ASME Publications. Anrcrican Societr, of MechanicalEugineers, Three ParkAvenue , NeruYolk, NY 10016-5990.

ASME lJoiler unrl Pres.sure Vessel Oode,2004.

ASME 831.1 , Pouu Piping Codrt,2001.

2.3.3 ASTM Publication. Arncricatr Societv fbr'festing andMatefials, 100 Barr Harbor Drivc, tr\ 'est (irnshohocken, PA19428-295!1.

ASTM A53/A53M, Stanrlarcl Slx,t-i/it:ation Jbr Hpe, Steel, Bhchan d I Iot-D ipped, Zin c-Coat cd, \Veldc d ct t t cl. Seamless, 2001.

2.3.4 CGA Publication. Ciornpressed Cias Association, 4221\A/alney Road, 5th Floor, Chantil ly, \A 20 151-2923.

CIG;\ C-6, Standard.forVrual Insprction of Steel Conpressed G.nsC1lindrrs,20Ol.

2.3.5 IMO Publication. Intcnrirtional M:rritirnc Orgauiz;rtion,4Albert Enrbankrnent, Lol)dorl, SEI 7SR, United Kingclorn.

I M O Ms(l/(lirc. 1 007, Guil lc linc.s Jbr t he Altptrnta l of l"ixed Aero.wlFi.rc-Ext i n grish.ing S)sfrzu Er1u. ht akt t to Fixed Gas FircExti r t gtishi n gS1:;lmr.s, ru Rrferred to in SOIAS 74, frn tr4achine4,Space.s,200l.

2.3.6 ISO Publication. International Organization for Stan-rlarclizrtion, 1, nre <le Virrcrnbd, Oasc p<lsnrle ir6, (lH-l2l I (ien-

eve 20, Sr,ritzerland.

ISOi IEC Gtricle 7, Requircntents for Standards Su,ita,bk for L;st

for Ca nfornt it1 As.sessrnenf, I 994.

DEFINITIONS 2010-5

2.3.7 U.S. Government Publications. U.S. Clovernment Print-irrg Oflicc, Washington, DCI 20402.

Title 29, (lode of Fecler:rl Regrrlations, P:rrt 1910, Strbpart S.

Title 46, (lode of Ferle t 'al Rcgrrlatiotrs, Srrbchapter (1, P:rrt.s2+-28.

Title 46, Clocle of Fecleral Regulations, Subchapter'.f , "EIec-t r ical Engineer ing."

Titlc 49, Corle of Fecleral Regnlations, Parrls 171-190.

Title 49, Code of Federal Regmlations, Part 172.101, Sul>parr B.

Ti t le 49, Cocle of Fecleral Regulat ions, Part 173.3a(e) (01).

Title 49, Cocle of Fecleral Regtrlations, Part,s 178.36 and178.37.

2.3.8 Other hrblication. Muriant-Webster's Co llt giate Dic t io na ry,IIth edition, Merriam-\4/ebster, Inc., Springfielcl, lLA., 2003.

2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections.

NFPA 10, Standcu'd for Portable Fiw Extingtishers,2002 edition.NFPA | 3, S tcr n da rd for t lv In s tn lht i o rt of Spn t t h ln' Sy ste m s, 2002

ecl i t ion.NFPA 5l B, .Standarul .[or Iirc Pra,enlion l)tring Wekling, CuL

ting, an,d Olfu'r Hol. Wn*, 2003 cdition.NITPA 7f , Niatianul liire,4ku'm Oodc{e,2002 eclition.NFPA l1fu, Lifc Sa,fety Corte@, 2006 eclition.NFPA 820, Standa,rd. for Fire Prr,ttBction. in Wastnuater Ti'eattnrnt

anrl (hllertiort l"arilitics. 2003 erlition.

Chapter 3 Definitions

3.1 General. Thc dcfinitions contirinccl in this chapter shallappl,v to the terrns uscd in this stanclarcl. Where terms;rre Il()tdefined in this chapter or n'ithin another chapter, thc,v sh:rl lbe definecl using their ordinarilv acceptecl rneanings withintlre context in rvhich the,v are used. .4{r"rriarn.-Webstn''s ColbgiattI)ictionary,llth edition, sh:rl l bc the source ftrr the ordinarilyacceptecl meaning.

3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.

3.2.I* Approved. Acceptable to the irtrthoriW havingjtrrisclic-t ion.

3.2.2* Authority Having Jurisdiction (AI{J). Atr organization,oflice, or indivicluarl responsible fbr enforcing the require-lnerlts of a code or stanclald, or for approving eqtripmeut,rnaterials, irn inst;rl lation, or a procedttre.

3.2.3* Listed. Equipment, mate rials, or ser"v'ices incluclecl itr alist publisherl by an organization that is acceptable to the au-thorit,v herving jrrriscliction and c<>nr:crnecl with evaluartion ofproclucts or services, that maintains periodic inspectiou ofprocluction of l istecl eqrriprnent ol rnate rials or periorlic evalu-ation of services, :rncl rvhose listing states that e ither the eqtti l>-ment, rnatei' ial, or sen'ice meets appropriate clesignated stan-dzrrcls or has been testecl ancl firtrnd suitable fbr a srrccificd

Purpose.

3.2.4 Shall. Inclicatcs er nt:rn<lzttot-v' re<ltrircll lcnt.

3.2.5 Should. Inclicates a recornnlendation or that *'hich isadvised but not reqtrired.

3.2.6 Standand. Aclocurncnt, the nrain text of which containsortly mancl:rtory provisions trsing the worcl "sharll" to inclicatereqtrireurents and lvhich is in a form generall,v stritable fornrii irdatot-v rcf'ere ncc by alt<>thcr stanrlartl or ct>dc r>r f<>r ad,tp-

tiotr irrto lnr.r'. Nonnrandatory provisions shall be l<>caterl in anaplrcnclix or:rnncx, footn()te, or finc-print n()te :rnd are not t()

be consiclere cl a part of the reqrdrements of a stanclarcl.

3.3 General Definitions.

3.3; I Actuating Mechanisrn. A me chatrisrn whose autornatic or

lnahrnl operation leads to the discharge of extingtrishing agent.

3.3,2 Aerosol.

9.3,2.1 Condmsed Aerosol. An extin.qtrishing meclitrrn cou-

sisting of finell' dir.icled solid p:rrticles, setterally less thanl(l rnicrons in diameter', ancl gaseous lnatter, gene ratecl l)1'a

cornbrustion pr()ccs-s of a solid aerosol-fi>t'nting cornpotttrd.

3.3.2.2 Di$ersed Aerosol. An extingrrishing tnedittur cotxist-ing of fine particlcs of chemicals, generallv less than l0 nri-

crons in dianretcr, alrcacly resiclent inside a pressurizcd agentsl()nrgc c()ntainer, sr"us1>enclecl itr a halot:arhrn ot'artr ineft girs.

3.3.3 Agent Quantity. Mass of solicl aerosol-founing cornpoturdrcrlrrirecl to:rchicvc thc clesign :tpplication dcnsity w-ithin the pr<>tectecl vohrrne rvithin the specifiecl clischirrge time.

3.3.4 Automatic. That rvhich prolides a fturction *{thotrt the

rrecessi ty of human intervent ion. I lM,2006]

3.3.58 Automatic/Manrral Switch. Mc:rns of <:onvcrting the s,v*

tein from autonratic to rnanual actuatior).

3.3.6 Classifications for Fires.

3.3.6.1 ClassAFircs. Fircs in or<littan' t:orrrbtustible rlatcli-als, such as woocl, cloth, pirper, nrbbet', and nrany plastics.

[ l 0 , 2 0 0 2 ]

3.3.6.2 Class B Fires, Fires in flzunmable liqtrirls, combtts-tible liquirls, petrolerun gre?rses, urrs, oils, oil-l>:usecl paints,.sol-lents,lacquers, alcr:hols, and flammable .qases. [10, 2002]

3.3.6.3 Class C Fires. Fires thart itn'olvc enelgized electricalerpiprncnt . I f0, 2002]

3.3;7 Clearance.

3.3.7 .l El,ectricat Cleararrce. The trn obs t rt r<: te<l ai r dist:rtr r:c

bctrvcen extingrrishing system cquipmcnt, inclucling pi1>ing arn<l nozzles, and rrne nclo.scrt or rttritrstrlatecl l ive electri-cal cornl>onents not at grouncl potential.

3.3,7.2 Thrtnal Clearantce. The air distance l>ehveen a con-tlensed aerosol gel)erator ancl atr,v strtrcture or components

sr:nsitive to the tcrnper?rnu-e clevel<>Perl bv the gcneftrtor.

3.3.8 Coolant. A heat-absorbing meclium or process.

3.3;9 Density.

3.3.9.1* D"tig" Application Density (g/*o ). Extinguishing

application densitt', incltrding a safery factor, requirecl forsy.rterlr clesign prrrpo.scs.

3. 3.9. 2 * Extingui shing Application Density ( g/ *' ). llinimrunlnass of ar specific aerr>s<>l-forlnitrlS t:ornporurrl per cttbic

lneter < l f -cnclosure vtr l rune rcqrr i rc<l t< l cxt ingrr i .s l t f i rc i t t -

volvi ttg particttl:rr f itcl un<[c r clefi nccl t:xpet'i tn en tal cotrcli-

tions excltrding any safeqv factor.

2006 Edition

2010.-6 FIXED AEROSOL FIRE.EXTINC;UISHINC; SYSTEMS

3.3.9.3 Particulatc Dmsity. Thc density of solicl p:rrticulatein grnrns per ctrbic rncter after clischargc of' thc aerosolsysteDl ert the desi.gn :rpplication clen.siqv. This informationis tsecl to a-risess the <legre es of visibil ity obscuration ancl thcpotential health efl 'ccts of nccicle r:tal exposrrre to thc ergent.

3.3.10 Discharge PorL A p:rssage sttch a.s nozzles or openings()n nn ererosol gcnel'ator where acrosol is rclcirsed r,r'hen thegener:rt()r is acttrzrte<1.

3.3.11 Disconnect Switch. A manrrallv ope rzrtcd srvitch, elec-trically supervised irncl secured from rlnauthorizecl use, thatprevenLs the :rtrtornatic nr rnantrirl electrical actuirtion clf theaerosol generat()rs rhrring rnerintenance by clcctrically open-ing thc rc leasing c i rcrr i t .

3.3.12 Generator. In con<lensed acrosol sl 'ste nls, a devicc forcrcat.i ng a fi rc-exti ngrrish ing rn eclitttn lrv pyrotech nical Inealls.

3.3.13 Generator Casing. The sttrface of the gellerat()r', ex-clucling the strrfirce containing the rl ischarge p()rts.

3.3.14 Hold Time. Period of tinre during rvhich an extinguis-hant is rcqrrilccl to rn:lintit ir] ?rr) cvcrl rl istribtrtiorr tlrrorrglrorrtthe Jrr<ltected vohu-nc in an arnr<lurnt at leaust at thc cxtingrrish-ing :rpplication dertsity.

3.3.15 HotWork. \4brk invoh'ing burning, welcling, or a sitni-lar oy>eration that is capable of initiating fires or explosions.

[ 5 1 8 , 2 0 0 3 ]

3.3.16* Inspection. A visrral exatnination of a systenl or por-tion thereof to veri$' that it appears to be in ope ratil l.q condi-tion and free of phlsical damage . [820, 2003]

3.3.17* Maintenance. \41rrrk pe rft>rnrecl t() er)srrre that cqrtip-rncl)t ()pcrates as cli le ctecl by thc urattrrf:rctttrcr.

3.3.18 Manual. Reqtriring intentional interventiorl to accorn-plish a fturction.

3.3.19* Mass Median Aercdynarnic Diameter (MMAD). Thcmeasrlrenlent, lvith the geometric stanclarcl cleviation, usecl toclescribe the particle size clistribution of anv aerosol statisti-cally, based on the rveight ancl size of the Particles.

3.3.20 Normally Occupied. fur area or space rvhere, uuclernorrn:rl circrrrnstzrnces, pcrs()r)s are prescnt,

3.3.21 Normally Unoccupied. Ar area or space trr-rt nonnallyocctrpiecl by people but that can be enterecl occasionally forbrie f periods.

3.3.22 Pnotected Volume. \blurne enclosed by the builclingelernents around the protectecl enclostrre, rninus the volumeof anv pennarlent inrpermeable btri lcling elements within thee nclosure.

3.3.23 Release. The physical dischar.qe or ernission of ae rosolas a consequence of the conclensecl rre rosol gerle l?tor's :rctua-tion or operation of the disperse cl aerosol agent contiriner'.

3.3.24 Solid AerosotForming Compound. A solicl mixture of<lxidirnt, courbrrsti l>le corlponcnt an<l technical irclrnixturesthat procluce.s ;r conrlerlsecl aerosol trpon actllation.

3.3.25 Total Flooding Extinguishing System. A system ar'-ransed to clischarge an extinguishant into an euclosecl spaceto achieve a trnifonn clistribution of that extinguishant, at or'above the design application densitl ' , throughotrt the space.

3.3.26+ Unoccupiable. An area or space that canuot l>e occu-piecl clue to climensional or other ph1'sical constraints.

2006 Edition

3.4 Special Definitions for Marine Slatems. Thc fbllcrrvingdcfirrit ion.s shall be applicable to rnarine aerosol extinguish-ing systems.

3.4.lt AS0 Class Division. Abtrlkheacl or deck clesigned to re-sist the I):LSsaf{e of srnoke irncl fleunc f<rr 1 hotrr, inchrcling lirniting

the ternperattrre rise on the unexposecl side to 180'C (325'F).

3.4.2 HeatSerxitive Material. A nrateri:rl whose nrelting 1>oirttis belorr ' 1700'F (926.7"C). I f3, 2002]

3.4.3 Marine System. An aerosol system installccl oll a I-Ir(:r-

chant vessel, ship, barge, boat, pleasure craft, offshore plat-fi>rrn, or otltcr floating stnrcture .

3.4.4 Space.

3,4.4.1 Cargo Space. Aspace for the can'iage or.storage of

items or proclucts that are tratrsPoltecl by the vessel.

3.4.4.2 Machinery SF*. A sp:rce protectecl bv an aeros<>l

systcln containing an intet'tr:rl combrntiort engitre ()r Inc-clranical eqrripment for handling, 1>urnping, or transfer-ring fl:rmmable or cornbrr,stiblc l iqtricls:rs a firel to intertralconrixstion engines.

3.4.5 Supervisory Signal. A sigrral indicating thc need for :rr--

ti<>n in connection with the strpcn isiotr of gttard totrrs, the firestrppressiol) systems or eqrriplrrent, or the rnaintenance fea-ttrres of relatecl systems. [72,20021

3.4.6 Vessel.

3.4.6.1 Inspcted Vessel. A ve ssel operatecl on thc trirvigablew'aremays of the Unitecl States that is subject to the regula-

tions in 46 (;FR, which reqtrire it to be certif icate<l anclinspected as a passenger ship, car.go ship, oceano.qraphicship, or tank vessel.

3.4.6.2 UninEeAed Vessel. A vessel operatecl otr thc nztvi-

giiblc rvaterrvays of thc tJnitc<l Sftrtes that is srrbjet:t to theregrrlations in 46 (lFR Srrbchapte r (1, Parts 24-28, inclucling

1>leasure craft, tu.qboats, torvinq vessels, and certain fishing

ve sse ls.

Chapter 4 General

4.1 General Information.

4.1.I The fire extinguishine agents aclch'essecl in this stan-d:rrd sh:rlI bc clcctricarlly tronconchlctir,c.

4.L.2 The clesign, installation, ser-lice, ancl rnaintenance of

aelosol s,vsterns shall be perfor:ned b,v persons skillecl in aero-sol fire-extin guishing s)stern technoloev.

4.2 Use and Limitations.

4.2.1 Aerosol Systems.

4.2.1.1 All acrosol systcrns shall be installerl t() pr-()tect hzrz-

ards nithin the linritations that irave been established b,v the

listing.

4.2.1.2 Aerosol systeurs shall bc listed t() ()ne of'the follou,ing

r)?es:

(1) S1'ster:rs consisting of coml>onents clesi.qnecl to be installecl

according to pre testecl limitations by a tesring laboratorv

SAFETY REQUIRE}'fENTS 20t0-7

( l )/ 9 \

(2) Autonrirtic exting;trishing uuits, installecl irccording to pre-testcd limitati<lns bv a testing laboratorl ', incorporatingspe cial nozzles, flow rates, rnetlrocls of applicatiotr, trozzle

placeurent, actuation techniqttes, piping materials, clis-charge tirnes, tnounting tccltniques, :rncl pressurization

levels that could diftbr fiom those detailed elsewhere itrthis standarcl

4.2.1.2.1 Tlrc aerosol systerns clcscribcd in 4.2.1.2(l) shall bc

Jrrrnittecl to incorp<lratc spreciarl nozdcs, flotv r:ates, methods <>f

application, noz.zle placernent, ancl pressurizatior-r levels that

cotild <liflbr fionr those cletaile<l elsert'here in this stanclard.

4.2. I .2.2 \A/ i th the exccpt ion of the require nrent in 4.2.1.2.1,

all other reqtrirements of the st.endard shall appl,v to the aero-sol svstern.s clescribed ilr 4.2. I .2 ( I ) .

4.2.2 Aerosol fire-extingrishing agents shall not be tnecl ou fires

involrins the follou'inq materials unless the agetrts have beente.stecl to the satisf'arction of thc authoriw havingjtrriscliction:

I)e cp-scate <l fires in ( lln.ss A matcrials

Ce rtain chemicals or mixtures of chernicals, sttch as celltt-k>se nitratc and gunpowclcr, that are capable of rapid oxi-

tlati<>n in the absetrce of air(3) Reactive metals srtclt a,s l ithitun, soditun, potassiunt, rnag-

nesiurn, titanitrm, zirc:onittur, tttattittnt, ancl pltrtotrirttnMe tal hyclriclesChe micals capablc of rrndcrgcling attt<tthcrtnerl clccomJrt>

sition, such irs cert:rin orgirnic peroxides ancl hyrlrazitre

4.2.3 (lclnclensed aerosol gencrat()rs slrall not lrc trsecl to protectclassifi ecl hazarcls o r sim ilal' spilces con tain in g fl arnmarble licpricls

or rhrsls th:rt can be prcsent in cxplosivc irir-firel mixtrtres trnless

the .qeneratom are specifical\' listecl for rse in those ent'iron-

lt lelltS.

4.2.4 The aerosol generators shall not be ernployecl at less

than the rninimtrm safe clistances specified in the listing of the

procluct.

4.2.4.1 The rninimrtnr safe distance betu'eeu the conclensedacrosol gcrlcrart()r cli.scharyc 1>orts anrl pcrs<>trncl shall bc

basccl olr all :rer<>^sol ?rgcnt <lischargc tclnperaturc, itt that rl is-

tance, not excee( l ing 75'O (167"F).

4.2.4.2 The rninirnrrnt sarfc distance betrveen the conrlcnsccl

aerosol gerlemtor discharge ports allcl combustible uraterials

sl-rirll be barsed on an irerosol ilgent dischargc t.emperzrtrtre, atthat c l is tance, not exceecl ins 200"C (392'F).

4.2.4.3 In aclclit ior-r to the reqtdrernerlts in 4.2.4.1 and 4.2.1.2,

the nrinimurn safe distance requiretnents in t ',.1.4.2.1 adclt 'ess-

ing the generator crrsing tcnrpcmture shall apply

4.2.5 The aerosol seneratr:rs shall rlot be etnployecl at less

than the rninimtrm safe clistances specified in the listing of the

pro<hrct .

4.2.6 \Alhcre u total flooding s,vsteln is ttsecl, :r fixed elx:losrrrq

shall be proricled irbotrt the hrrzard that allon's a specifiecl:rgcrlt design application dcnsity to be achieved an<l rnaitr-

tained for a spe cified periocl of time.

4.2.7 The potential aclverse effects of agent particulate I'esi-

rlrre on sensitive eqrripnrent and other olrjects shall be consid-erecl r.drere aerosol extinguishing agents are usecl in spaces

containins that rype of e cltripment.

4.3* Environmental Factors. When a type of'agent is beingselected to prr)tect a h:rzarcl arcar, the potential adl'ersc ef}'ecaof the agcnt on tlre envirottmcnt shall l>c consitlet'ed.

4.4 Compatibility with Other Agents.

4.4.1* Nlixing o1'agcnts in the samc corltainer shall be perrnit-tecl only if 'the svstem is l istecl.

4.4.2 tlnless specifically approved a.s an agelrt blend or ntix-trrrc, systems entploving the sitnrrltaneotn clischargc of dift 'e r-ent afienLs t() I)rotect the santc cnclose<l spircc shall ttot bt:pennittecl.

4.4.3 Where rrtrrelatecl cxtingtrishing ()r sttpprcssion systenls

ari: prc>r'icle<l zrnd cal) opcrirte prior to or drtring the ltold tirneof the aerosol system, the other agent shall not adverselv affectthe aerosol.

Chapter 5 Safety Requirements

5. I* Review Requiremenl

5.i.t* Any agent that is to l;e recognizecl bv this staudarcl orproposecl for itrcltrsiort in this statr<lartl shall f irst be er,irluatedin a rn;rnncr crprivalcnt t<,r thc pr()cess rrsed by thc fl.S. Enl' i-ronmental Protection Agencr"s (EPA) SNAP Program.

S.i.e fteatth Effects.

5.f .2.f Detemrinatiou for ttse of art agent itr spaces that arenorm;rll,v occupiecl or n<lrrnallv ttrtr>cctrpiecl shall incltrdc athorough er.'alrration of the potential aclverse health eft-ect(s)of ' the agent.

5. 1.2,2 Potential :rtlverse hcalth efltcts sh;rl l be :rsscssc<l fcrrthc' particulate <lensiw, the sizc of'thc particttlates (i.e., Ineanlnass aerocllnanric cliarne ter) , ancl the concentration of gasesexpecterl zrfie r arctuation of thc aer<,rsol extinguishilrg syste nl atthe design application clensitv.

5.2 Hazards to Personnel.

5.2.1* Potential Hazards. Thc firl l<>wir)!{ p()tc))tial hazrrulssharll be cotrsiclcrcd firr indivi<ltt:rl syst<:trts: troisc, tttrbtrlcnce,re<hrcecl visibil iry, cold tempcr:rtrrrc, potential toxicity, tlrer-ur:rl hazarcl, ancl irritation to persons in the protected spacrancl other areas rvhere the aerosol aeent catr nrigrate .

5.2.2 Unnecessary Exposure. flttnecessary exp()srtrc t() acx)-sol ilgent, e\,'er) at concentrations l>elorv:rn acherse-effect level,ancl to their clecoml>osition prodttcts shall be avoiclecl.

5.2.3 Predischarge Alarms and Time Delays.

5.2.3,1 To prcvcnt human cxposrtre to the aerosol agcnts b,vprovicling a w:rrning of a pe nrling rl ischarge anrl a delay in thcdischarge to allolv personnel to exit the plotected space, apredischarge alann and time clelrr,v shall be pror.icled in accor.c lancc wi th the rcr l r r i rcme nts r>l '6. '4. i ) .6.

5,2.3.2 Alarm Failure.

5.2.3,2.1 In the evcnt r.rf f iri lurc of'the prcclischargc alirrtnand time clela,v, rnear)s shall be providecl to limit exposure toagents approved for use in normally occultietl spaces to ]loloirger than 5 rninutes.

5.2.3.2.2 The effe ct of reclrtcecl r.'isibility olr e.qress time shallbe consiclerecl.

(4)(5 )

2006 Edition

2010-B FIXED AEROSOL FIRE-EXTINGUISHING S\sTEMS

5.2.4* Toxicity.

5.2.4.1 General. No flrc strppression svstern shall be used tlratis carcinogellic, rrutagenic, or terarogenic at application den-sities expectecl cltrring rrse.

5.2.4.2t Condensed Aerosols. flondensed aerosol extinguish-itrg systenrs:rpproved firr nonn:rlly occupiecl spilces shall be pcr-nrittecl in amorrnLs where the:rerosol particul:rte <lensiry does n<>texceecl dre adrei'se-effect level as cleterrni:recl by a scientificallyacceptecl techniqtre and any aerosol aqerlt procluced <loes notexceccl thc excursion limit fbr the critical toxic eftbct.

5.2.4.3 Dispersed Aenosols. Dispcrsed acrosol extingr"rishirrgsyslcnrs approved fbr normallv occrrpiecl spaces shall be pennit-tecl in aulounts where the aerosol particulate concentration cloesnot exceed the aclveiserffect level as cletemrinecl by a scieirtifi-call;- acceptecl techrrique, ancl any carrier 5ps tned shall meet thesafe exposru e requircrnerlts in accorclatrce r,l'ith NFPA 2001 .

5.2.5* Reduced Visibitity. Safetl, rl)ca.srrre.s sharll tre rr.secl .srrchthitt occttpanls cain evacuatc rrnclcr conditions <lf low visibil itvcattsed by the dischargecl aget)t.

5.2.6 Thermal Hazards.

5.2.6.I Conclcllsed zrcrosol gcnerzrt()m.shall rrot be ernployecl :rtless than the minimum s:rfc clistance fi'om pruonnel and com-bustible rnaterials as specified in the listing of the procluct.

5.2.6.2 Protcctivc glovcs shall be r.vorn bv personnel rcn)o\'-ins discharged condensecl aerosol generators.

5.2.7 Safety Requirements.

5.2.7.1 Personnel shall not e nter it prote cte(l space cluring oraftel agcn t dischzrrge.

5.2.7.2* Safeguarcls shall be ltroviclecl to e llsrrre prornpt e!?cu-ation of ancl prevent ently into post-svstem clischarge atmo-spheres ancl also to providc rneitrls f<:r prompt rescue <tf :rrr,vtrappecl personnel.

5.2.7.3* (lonsirlemtion shall be given to the possibil iw of'an aer<>sol agent rnigrating to adjacent areas outsicle of the protectedspace.

5.3 Electrical Clearances.

5.3.1 All systern cornp()ner)ts.shall be locatcd to rnaint:rin nolcss than rnininrurn clcaranccs fiont energizect electric:rl parts.

5.3.1.1 The followin.q refelences shall be consiclerecl as themitrirnunr electrical clearance rcqtdrements f<rr the installa-tion of aerosol extinsuislfns systents:

( r ) ANSr c2(2) NFPA 70(3) 29 CFR 1910, Subpart S

5.3.2 \,!here the clesisn basic instrlation level (BIL) is notavailable, and r+'here nominal r.'oltage is rtsed for. the desiqrcriteria, thc highest rninilnum cle:rr':rncc listecl ftrr this groupshall be usecl.

5.3.3 The selcctcrl cleirrarlce [o ground s]rall satisfu thegleatel of the srvitchin.q surse or BIL cluq', rather than beingbased on nominal voltase .

5.3,4 The r:lcarance b<:trvecrr rrnin.srrlatcd, encrgizccl pilrls of'the electrical s,vstern equipnte nt and any pot'tion of the ae rosolextirrguishing systcm shall not bc lcss than the rnirrimrrnt cle:rr-ance providecl elservhere for electrical svstent insulations onanv inclir{clual comporrent.

2006 Edition

Chapter 6 Components

6.1 Condensed Aerosol System Agent Supply.

6.1.1 Quantity.

6.l. l. l PrimaryAgent Supply. Thc prinrary ?rgenr supplv sherllbe cletennined bv calctrlating the reqtrirecl mass of the solidaerosol-fonning conrpotrnd neeclecl to meet the clesign appli-cation clensitv ancl shtrl l be at lcast .strfl icicnt firr thc largcsr.single l"raz.ard protected or grorrp of hazirrds to be protectedsimultaneorrsly.

6.1.1.2 ReserveAgent Supply. \Aritere reqtrilecl, a reserae agentsuppl,v shall consist of as many multiples of the 1>rimary agenrsuppl-v ars thc autho ri$ havin g j r trisrlic( ion cclnsidets nece$sarv'.

6.1.2 Quality. Agent properties shall rneet rhe sranclarcls ofquality of the agent's l isting.

6.1.2. I Each batch <>f irgent ntarrtrfirr:trrrccl shirl l be testcd atldce rti l lecl to thc spccif rcirtions of its l isting.

6.1.2.2 Agents.shall nraintain rlreir irrtegriry- for tlre u.seful l ifeliniits established by the listing within the approved renrpera-trlre range and conditions of seruice that they rsil l encounter.

6. 1.3 Aerosol Generator Arrangement.

6.1.3.I Acrosol generators ancl accessorics shall bc locatedand arrilngecl so that inspection, testiltg, ancl other nrainte-r)an(:(: activities irrc far:i l i t:rte cl itrr<l inte rnrption of 1>ror.ectionis hcld to a rn in i rnrrr r r ,

6.1.3.2 Ae rosol gerler:rtot-s shall be locatecl rvithin or as closeas y>ossible to the hazarcl or hazarcls thev protect.

6.1.3.3 Aer<>sol gcnerilt()rs strarll lrot be loc:rtecl u'hcrc lhcvcan lrc rcnclered inoperablc or ttnreliarble due to rnechitnicalclatnage or exposrtre to chemicals or harsh rveather conditionsttnless cr)closures or protcctive rncnsrlres are crnployed.

6.1.3.4 Aerosol gctrcrat()rs shall bc securcly instirl le<l accor<l-ing to the lrraurrfacturcr's l istc<l installartion nranuirl.

6.1.4 Condensed Aerosol Generators.

6.1.4.1 Safety.

6.1.4.1.1 The aerosol-frrr-rning conrp()rrn(l .shall bc -storerl irraerosol generators designecl to safely contail) the pyrotechnicreactiorl reqtrirecl to procluce the aerosol a.qent.

6.1.4.1.2 The aerr>sol gcneratorc shall clisch:rrgc nerosol withinthe tcnrpenrtrrre and rnirrinnrrn saf'c rlistarnce panrmeterri frr>rrrpersonrrel and cornbtrstibles establishecl in the listine tests.

6.1.4.2 Minimum Safe Distance.

6. f .4.2.1 The gencrator sher l l n() t be instal lcc l at less rhan rhettrinilntrm safe rl istances ils spccifiecl in the utanrrf:rctrrler' 'sinstallation instnrctions.

6.1.4.2.2 In acld i t ion t r> thc rcqrr i rerncnts of 6.1.4.2.1, themitri lnrrrn saf-e clisterncc rcqrrirenlenr.s in 4.2.4 :rddressinrr the:rger)t strearrr ternperature shall appl,v.

6.1.4.2.2.1 The minimum safe distance berrveen the gener-a-tor c:r.sing ancl personnel shall be thc clistirncc fnxr thc gen-crat() r 'casing to whcrc thc tcrnperature docs not excccd 75'Cl( 167"F) cltrring and after dischirrgc.

6.L.4.2.2.2 The minimtrrn safe clistance berrveen the genera-tor casin.q nnd combustible nraterials shall be the clistance

COMPONENTS 2010-9

f ioni the geDerator casing to rvhere the tcrnperatrlre docs notexceed 200'Cl (392'F) during ancl after clischarge.

6.1.4.3 Acro.sol generat()ui.shall bc li.stecl ftrr thc intenclc<l rrse.

6.f.4.3.f Listing cdteria shall inclucle area coverage, heightlir:rits, placement, storage ternperature limits, trsefirl l i f 'etime

limits, thermal safeW pararneters, ancl orientirtion.

6.1.4.3.2 Aerosol genemtors shall be sealecl in a rnanner thatis corrosion resistant to thc atn'rosphere in the intencled appli-

cation.

6.1.4.3.3 Sealing rnethods shall provicle an unobstructedopening upor) s-vsterr) o])eratiolr.

6.1.4.4 Each aerosol genelator shall have a perrnar)ent rlame-plate or other perr)rar)erlt nrarking that indicates the nrass of

aerosol-forming cornpotrnd containecl rvithin, the rnanufac-tlu'e)-, <[ate of matrtrfacture, atrd dirte of' m:rnclatory replace-rnent <>f the gerle rat()r basecl otr trseftrl l i f 'e l imits establishe cl inthe lisring.

6.1.4.5 The aerosol generators used in these svsterns shallcomplv with the requircments ()f the I-1.S. Dcp:rrtment of

Transportation (DOT) or the Clanadian Transport Clomrnis-sion ancl shirl l be classifiecl IA\,V49 CFR 172.i01, Strbpart B, orthc Canadian eqttivirlent.

6.f.4.6 Storage and rrsc ternpcratrrres slurll bc within then)anufacturer's l isted limits.

6.2 Dispersed Aerosol System Agent Supply.

6.2.1 Quantity.

6.2.f .1 Primary Agent Supply. The arnount of a.qent hr the

svstern priurarn age llt supplv tree clecl to ure e t the design appli-cartion clensiry shall be at least sufhcie nt firr the largcst singlc

hazarcl plotected or group of hazards to be protectecl simtilta-ne otrsll'.

6.2.I.2 Reserve Agent Supply. !!'here r"eqrrircrl, :r l'csera,e :rgcntsuppll' sl::rll consist of zrs many rnultiples of the prinr:rry agentsupplv as th e :rrrth oli tv lr iwi ng jru-isdicti orr consi clen l)e ces-sary/.

6.2.2 Quality. Aaent pl'operties shall nreet the stalxlards ofc1ualiry" of thc agent's l i.sting.

6.2.2.1 Each batch <>f agcnt rn:rnrrfactrrrcd shirl l be testccl:rn<l

cel'tifiecl to the specifications of its listing.

6.2.2.2 Agent shall remain hornoqeneous in stora.qe and tme

u'ithin the listed tempelatul'e rallge anrl conditious of servicethat it wil l encotrntcr fi)r ' the usefrrl l if 'e <lf the nratcriurl.

6.2.3 Storage Container Arrangement.

6.2.3.1 Storagc conuriners anrl accessorics shall be l<lcatc<land arrangecl sc-r that inspection, testing, recharging, andother rnairltenarlce actil it ies are facil itated and iDtelnrptioDof protection is helcl to rr minitnum.

6.2.3.2* Storage corrt:riners shii l l l>c locaterl:rs close a.s possibleto or within the hazarcl or hazarcls they protect.

6.2.3.3 Agent storage corltainers shall not be located lvhere they

carn be rendcrccl inopcrable or rrnrclial>le due to nrecharnic:rlclarnage or exposure to chenricals or harsh weathet'conditiotrs

unless erlclosrues or protective Inea.sru'es are emploved.

6.2.3.4 Storage conLriners shall be sectrrely insurllccl ancl se-ctrre:rl according to the rnantr.factrrrcr' 's l isted instnllatiorrrnanrtal and in a rDernlrcr th:rt pr<>vides for convenient indi-viduaI serl ' icing or content lveighing.

6.2.3.5 \4'here storage containers are connectecl to a manifirld,autclrnatic means, such as a check r'alve, shall be plovicled to pre-vent ager)t loss ancl to ensure personnel safery if dre sl,stem isopcnrte<l w-hen any cclntaincni arc rcnrorc<l for nrainte nance.

6.2.4 Agent Storage Containers.

6.2.4. I Container Description.

6.2.4.1.1 Agentshal l bcstore<l in cot tLr inersdesigt tc<l to holc lthat specific :lgent throtrghout the intencled operating anclstorage ternPeratrlre rallges.

6.2.4.1.2 Containers shal l be chargecl to a f i l l deusi$ 'o l 's tFperprrssrlrization level rvithirl the ranse specifiecl in thernzrrnrfhcturcr's l istccl rrranual.

6,2.4.2 Each dispcrsecl acn>sol agetrt st.()rnge ct;tttainer shallhnvc tlte fcrllowing inf<rrtnation:

( l ) The wpc and nct u,e ight <>f 'aerosol- f i rnning rnater i : r lrnarkecl on a permarlent narneplate or other perlnanentrnarking

(2) The tlpc artt<l nct rve:ight of haloc:rrlxrtt<lispcrsing rncditurtor the qpe and presstrdzatiou ler.el of dre inert girs-

disper-sing rnecliurn(3) 'fhc

r)anle of thc rn:rnrrfirctrrrer(4) "fhe clate of nranufactrrre(ir)

'fhe clate of rnanclatorvreplacernent of the contents basecl

on trseftrl life lirnits estal>lishecl in the listing

6.2.4.3 The contiriners usecl in these svsten)s shall be de-signccl t() nleet t.he rcqr"rirernents of thc DOT or thc (lanacli: ln

Transport (lomnrission, if ' usccl as shipJring confaitrers.

6.2.4.3.1* I f 'not usc<l ars shipping r :ontainer-s, thc cont ; r incr-ssh:rll bc clcsigned, fabricatccl, inspe t:te cl, ccrtif iecl, lnclstarnped in accorclance rvith Section \4II of the ASME Boil.errmd Pressure Vessel Codc.

6,2.4.3.2 The clesign pressure shall be suitable tbr the rnaxi-nlulrr pressure cleveloped irt 55"C (130'F) or at the maxinruntcotrtrolled ternpe ratrrre l imit.

6.2.4.4 A rcliablc mealls of inclication slrall bc prr>r'ided to cle-termine the pressrrre in refi llable .srUrrpr essurizecl con tainers.

6,2,4.5 The clispersccl acrosol contzriners c()nl)ectcrl to irmanifolcl shall be interchangeable and of one se lect size anclcharge,

6.2,4.6 Storage Temperatures.

6.2.4.6.f Storage temperatures shirl l be within the mantrfac-trrrt-r's l istccl l irnits.

6.2,4.6.2 Extcrnal hcating or c<>oling sh:rl l bt: tuse<l to keepthc tcmperature of thc storage container rvithin clesiredrarlges.

6.3 Dispersed Aerosol System Distribution Components.

6.3.1 Pipe.

6.3.1.1 Pipe shall be noncr>nrbtrstiblc rn:rteri:rl hzrving 1>hvsi-cal and chenrical characteristic.s strch that its integl' it l 'unclerstress can be preclictecl rtith reliabiliry

2006 Fdition

20r0-t0 FIXED ATROSOL FIRE-EXTINC;L]ISHING SYSTEMS

6.3.1.f.I Special corrosion-resistant matcrii i ls or co:rtinssshall bc reqrrirerl in sevcrely corrosir,e :rtmosphercs.

6.3.1.1.2 Thc th ickness <>f thc pip ing shar l l be calcrr latecl inaccorclance n'ith ASME 83 l. ].

6.3.1.1.3 The internal presstrre used ftrr the calcul:rtion givenin 6.3.1.1.2 shal l not be less than the greater of e i ther of thefollon'ing raltres:

(l) The nonnal charging pressrlre in the ilgent container at21"(: (70'F)

(2) Eighty percent of the nraximum pressrlre in the a.qentcontaiuer at the rni.rxinrrrur st()ragc terr)peratrrre of- notless than 55r"C (130'F). ttsir-rg the eqtripmcnt rnitnrrfactur-er's maximum allowable fill clensity if applicable

6.3.1.2 (last-irr>n pipe, stecl pipc conforming to A,ST\{ A53/A53M, or nolln)etall ic pipe shall not be trsed.

6.3.1.3 Stencilecl pipe iclentif ication shall not be painteclove r. conceale d, or rernoved prior to approval by the atrthorit,vh:rvin g-i trriscliction.

6.3.1.4 Where rrsecl, flexil>le p\>e, tubine, or hoses, inchrdingconnections, shall bc of ;rppr<lvccl rnateri:rls ancl prcssure mtiltgs.

6.3.1.5 Pipe Cleaning.

6.3.1.5.1 Each pipe section shall be cleaned internally afterpreparation ancl befirrc asscnrl>lv l lv rneans of sr+'abl>ing, rrti l iz-ing ir nonflarrrrual>lc cle:rner,

6.3.1.5.2 The pipe nctrvort sh:,rll be ficc of particr:lzrte rnatterancl oil rcsi<lue befbrc installation of nozzles or dischargc clevices.

6.3. 1.6 In .sectiorr.s rvherc varlve lrrrattgelr)ent introchrces sec-tions of closecl piping, such sections shall be equillped withpt'essul'e relief devices, or the r.alves shall be clesicned to pre-vent sntrapnrerr t of ' agsnt .

6.3. f .6. I In syste rns ttsitrg ple ssrlre-ol>e ratecl containe r valves,mearls shall be proviclecl to vellt any container leakage thatcotrlcl t lri lr l trp pressure in the pilot svstern ancl ciurse un-rvantecl openine of the container l'ah'e.

6.3.t.6.2 The rnc:rns of pressrrre venting sharll lrc arranged soa.s n() t to prevcnt re l i : rb lc <lperat ion of the containervalve.

6.3.1.7 All pressurc relief clevices sh:rl l be clesignecl and lo-cated so that the clischarge frorn the device r+ill not injurepersonnel or pose a hazarcl.

6.3.2 Pipe Joints. Pipe joints other than threadecl, rvelclecl,br:rzecl, flarecl, cornpression, or flangecl type shall be listed orapprovecl.

6.3.3 Fittings.

6.3.3. I Minimum Pressure.

6.3.3.1.1 Fittings shall have a rninimum ratecl rvorkin.q pres-strre eqttal to or greatel' than the minimtun design rvol'kingpressure specifiecl in 6.3.1, for the agent being usecl, or asothcr-wisc listed or approvecl,

6.3.3.1.2 F()r svstenrs that ernploy the trse of a prcsstrre-redtrcing cler,'ice in the clistribution 1>iping, the fittings clou'n-stre ar) of thc device shall h:rve a rninirnrrnl r:lte(l rvorking pres-sure eqllal to or greater than the rnaximurn arlticipate(l

t)ressule in the clonrrstlearn piping.

2006 Edition

6.3.3.2 Fittings Not to Be Used.

6.3.3.2.1 Clast-iron fitt ing.s shall not be trsed.

6.3.3.2.2 Olass [:-{) lb fittings shall not trc rusecl rrnlcss it can be<Iernrinstmtcd that thel' conrply with the appropriate funericanNarional Stanclards Institrrte (ANSI) stress calculations.

6.3.3.3 Threads.

6.3.3.3.1 All thrcarcls rusc<l in joinLs ancl fitt ing.s shall confbnnto ANSI 81.20.1 or ISO,zIECI Ciuicle 7.

6.3.3.3.2 -foint compotrnd, trlpe, or threacl ltrbricant shall bea1>plied only to the male threads of the .joint.

6.3.3.4 Wclcling and brazing allor'.s .shall lrave zr nrclting pointabove 538'C (1000"F).

6.3.3.5 Welding shall be performed iu:rccordirnce rvith Sec-tion IX, "Qtralif icntion Stanclarrd frrr \A/e Icling and Brazing Prt>-cerlurcs, \A/elders, Brazers an<l \t'elcling ancl Brazing ()pcra-

tors," of the ASME Boilrr attd hvsstttv Wssel Code.

6.3.3.6 Whcre copper, stzr in less stecl , or othcr tubing is

.jointed rvith cornpression-npe fittings, the listed pressure andternpr:rzrture ratings of the fitt ing shall not be exceedecl.

6.3.4 Valves.

6.3.4.1 All ralves shall bc listed or approvcd for thc intendedllse .

6.3.4.2 All saskets, O-rings, sealants, and other valve compo-nenLs shall be constnlcted of materials that are compatiblervith thc agcnt.

6.3.4.3 Valves shall be protectecl against rnechanical, cherni-cal, or other damage .

6.3.4.4 Spccinl corrosir-rn-rcsistirnt rn ate ri erls or coati n g.s sh al lbc usctl iD severely corrosive atrn()sphcres.

6.3.5 Discharge Nozdes and Systems.

6.3.5.1 Discharge nozzlcs :rnd sl'stenrs shall bc listed fbr theirrten(lecl u.se.

6.3.5.1.1 Listing criteria shall incltrcle flow characteristics,area c()veralge, height l irnits, an<[ nrinirnuu) pressru'cs.

6.3.5.I.2 Discharge orifices an<l clischarrge orificc 1>lartes arndinserts shall be of a material that is con'osion resistant to theagent trsecl ancl the atmosphere in the inten(lecl application.

6.3.5.2 Special corrosiotr-rcsistirnt tnirterials clr c<latin gs sh:rl lbe requiled in severely colrosive atmospheres.

6.3.5.3 Discharge nozzles .shall be pennanellt lv rnarkecl toi<lentif.v the rnanrrfh<:ttrrcr a.s rvell :rs thc t1'pe ;rnd .size of theorifict:.

6.3.5.4 Clogging.

6.3.5.4.1 \4'here clogging by exten)al foreign rnaterials islikelv, discharge tt<-rzzlc.s.shall be 1>roviclerl rvith friurgible cliscs,blrxvoff cirps, ()r othe r zrpproved clevices.

6.3.5.4.2 The c levices c lcscr ibecl in 6.3.5.4.1 shal l providc:rnunobstnrcted opening upon svstern o1>eration and shall be lo'c : r ter l so they rv i l l not in j r r re pcrsonnel .

6.4 Detection, Actuation, Alarm, and Control Systems.

6.4.1 General.

6.4.1. 1 * Detect i< ln, : rctu2l t i ( )n, n larm, ancl contro l systcrns sh:r l lbe installecl, testecl, ancl rnaintained in accorclauce lvithNFPA 70 :rnd I\TPA 72.

COMPONENTS 2010-l I

6.4.I.2 Atrtonr:rtic cletection and atrtornatic irctrration shall bcrrsed trnless ntanrral<rnly actu:ttion is approvecl by the arrthor-ity having.jurisdiction.

6.4.1.3 Raceways.

6.4.1.3.1 Initiating ancl releasing circuits shali be installecl inracc\ryaYs.

6.4.f .3.2 Unlcss shielrled ancl grounrlecl, altenating current(ac) ancl rl irect crrrre nt (dc) n'iring shall not bc cornbine<l in:rcolnnlol) concluit ol' racervav.

6.4.2 Automatic Detection.

6.4.2.1 Autornzrtic (letection .shall bc b.v irny listcd nteth()d ot'clevice capable of cletecting ancl indicating heat, flante, srnoke ,combustil>le vapors, or al) abnc-rrrnal conclit ion in the hazard,strch as process trotrble, that is l ikely to produce fire.

6.4.2.2 Rcliablc priurary ancl 24hour rninirnrrnr stan<lbysorlrces of enerE;v- shall bc usccl to provide f-or operatir>n of' t lrccletection, signaling, control, ancl acttration reqtrirernenLs ofthc svstern.

6.4.3 Operating Devices.

6.4.3.f Operating cler.ices shall include agent-releasing cle.-rdces or valves, clischarge controls, aucl shtrtdown equiprnentr)ecessary fbr succe.ssfirl perfbnr)ance of the s)'ste rn.

6.4.3.2 Operation.

6.4.3.2.1 Operation shall be bv listed mechanical, electricirl,()r- pncrtnllrt ic nrezrns.

6.4.3.2.2 A reliable solrrce of'energy sharll bc used.

6.4.3.3 All devices shall be clesigned for the sen'ice they rvillenc()ru)ter and sharll not rea<lilv be rcndere<l inoperative or-strsceptible to ircciclental operation.

6.4.3.3.1 Devices shall be desigmed to function within theirlisted temperatllre l'anges.

6.4.3.4 All clevices shall l>c lo<::rtecl, installecl, or protccte<l s<rthat thev are not strlr-ject to nrechanical, chemical, or otherdamage that rvotrlcl renrlcr thern inoperalive.

6.4.3.5 A mcerrrs of nrernrral releer.se of the systenl sh:rl l beprovided.

6,4.3.5.1 Mauual release shall be accornplishecl bv a mechani-cal manual release or by an electrical nrantral release when thecontrol equipurent monitors the battery conclit ion arrcl willprovicle a lorv-battery signarl.

6.4.3.5.2 The release shall cause simultaneous operatior) of2l(:trultons that c<:ntrol :rgcnt relcase ancl distribtrtion.

6.4.3.6 Manrral c t>ntro l (s) f<rr actrrat ion shnl l be l<>cated f i r re?r.sv ?lc(:e.s$ibil in' at all t irnc.s, inc--lrrding at thc time of a Iire.

6.4.3.6.1 Thc rn:rntral control(s) shall be of distinct zlppcar-ance ancl clcarly rccogniz:rl>le fbr the ptrrposc intenclecl.

6.4.3.6.2 Opcrartion <>f :,rny, control .s&rtion shall carrse thecomplete systenr to operate.

6.4.3.7 Manual Conhols.

6.4.3.7.1 Manual controls shall not rc<pirc a ptrl l of rnorethan l7B N (40 lb) or a lnovement of more than 356 rnnt(14 in.) to secr l re operat ion.

6.4,3.7,2 At least one rilurlr.lal control station fbr-irctivationshiil l be loca.tcd n()t rnorc than 1.2 nr (4 ft) above the f' loor.

6.4.3.8 Whcrc gas pressLr]-e frorn the systcrn <lr pilot conutin-ers is trsecl as a nlear)s for leleasing the remaining containers,the srrpply ancl the disclrarge rate shall be clesignecl for releas-ing all the rernaining containers.

6.41.3,9 AII devices for shutting clown supplementary equipment shall be considered inteeral parts of the svsre rn and shallf t rnr : t ion rv i th thc svstcm operat i ( ) l l .

6.4.3.10 All rnanual ope ratine clevices shall be ide ntif ied as tothc hazard thev protect.

6.4.4 Control Equipment.

6.4.4,1 Electric Control Equipment.

6,4,4.1.1 The control eqrripnrent shall sr.rpcrdse tl)e actuertingclelices and associatecl wiring ancl, irs reqrrired, catrse actuation.

6.4.4.1.2 The control eqtriprnent shall be specifically l isteclfr:r the nurnber ancl qpe of acttnting devices util ized, andthcir compatibil itv shall be listecl.

6.4.4.2 Pneumatic Control Equipment.

6.4,4.2.L \4'here pneunlatic control equiprnent is used, theliries shall be protectecl against criml>ing ancl mechanicalclamage.

6.4.4.2.2 \4rhere installations could be exy>osecl to conclit ionstha.t could leacl to loss of integriry of the pr)e umatic lines, s;te-cial 1:,recar.rtions sharll bc Lrken t() erlsrrrc th:rt no loss of integ-ritv rvill occur.

6.4,4.2,3 The control equiprnent shall be specificallv l isteclfbr thc nrulbcr ancl q,pe of irctrurtiug dcvices trti l izerl, an<[thcir compatibil ity sh:rl l bc listccl.

6.t1.5 Operating Alarms and Indicators.

6.4.5.1 Alarrns or indicators or both shall be trsecl to inclicatethr: <lperartion of thc systcnl, trazards t() persorlncl, <>r f)ri lurc <>firnv srrpen'ised rlcr,icc,

6.4.5,1.1 The tlpe (atrdible, visual, or olfhctor'r-), numl>er',anil location of the clcvices shall bc such thirt thcir purposc issart i slircto ri lv acc onrpl ish ed.

6.4.5.1.2 Thc extent and type of alarrns or inclicat<lr eqrrip-lnent or both shall be approvecl.

6.4.5.2 Warning Devices.

6.4.5,2.1 Atrclible ancl r,isual prcdischarge alarrns shall be Jrro-riclcd within tlre prrrtcctccl iu'ea to givc positir,e n'arning t>fimpending discharge.

6.4.5.2.2 The ope ration of the warning der.ices shall continrrt:aftcr agent dischargc rrntil positive action has lx:en takeu toacknowledge the alann and proceecl with appropriate action.

6.4.5,3* Abort Switches. \Arhere provided, the abort sryitchesshlll bc locate cl withir-r thc protccterl arezr irncl shall bc locateclneiu' the Inealls of egress fcrr the area.

6.4,5.3.f An abort sr+itch shall not be operatecl turless thecai.tse for the conclition is known irnd con'ective action can betaken.

6.4.5,3.2 The abort sn'itclr. shall be of a type that reqtrirescroi)stant mantral l)ressule to cause altort.

2006 Edit ion

2010-12 FIXED AEROSOL FIRE-EXTINC;UISHINC; S\sTEMS

6.4.5.3.3 Thc ab<-rrt srvitch shil l l not be ol' i l type that wotrlclallclrv thc systern to be left in an abortccl rnocle rvithorrt pe rson-nel present.

6.4.5.3.4 In ;l l l cases, the rnirnrral erncrgcncy cc)ntrol shalloverride the abort fi.rnction.

6.4.5.3.5 Operation of the abort fturction shall restrlt in bothatrclible and distinct l ' isual indicatiotr of svstem impairment.

6.4.5.3.6 The abort srvitch shall be clearly recognizable forthe ptrrpose intendecl.

6.4.5.4 Alanns inclicating fhilure of super"r,ised <leviccs orequipmcnt shall give prompt and positive in<lication of'anvfailtrre ancl shall be distinct frour alanns indicating operatiollor hazarr lorrs c<lndi t ions.

6.4.5.5 \\ 'arning ittr<l instrtrction signs irt elttr?u)ccs t<l anclinsiclc pr()tccted arcas shall be prrrviclerl.

6.4.5.6 Predischarge Alarms and Time Delays.

6.4.5.6.1 For aerosol extingrtishitrg svsterns, a predischargealamr and tirne deliry, sufficient to allorv pe rsonne I evacrratior]prior to clischarge, shall be providecl.

6.4.5.6.2* For hazard areas subject to fast-growth fires, wherethe pror.'ision of a tilne clelal' wotrlcl seriotrsly increase thethreat to life ancl propert\', a time delav shall be 1>ermitted tobe e lirninaterd,

6.4.5.6.3 Tirne clelays shall be usecl only for 1>e rsorurel evacu-ation or to prepare the hazard area fcir discharge.

6.4.5.6.4 Tirnc clelavs shall not be trse<l as a rneans of confinn-ing <lperirti<ln of a rletcctir>n <lcvicrc befilre arrt<.rnratic a(:tuil-t ion occtrts.

6.4.6* Unwanted System Operation. Care strall be taken t<rthoroughlv e\'?lhute and correct trn,v factors that. cr>rrlcl resrrltin unr.lantecl dischat ges.

6.4.6. I To avoicl rrnrvan(ecl clischzrrge of'arn irel'osol systen"lcltrring nraintenancc, n srrpen'isecl clisconnect switch shall bcproviclecl.

6.4.6.2 The disconnect switch shall internlpt the releasingcircrrit to the aerosol svstem.

Chapter 7 System Design

7.1 Specifications, Plans, and Approvals.

7.1.1 Specifications.

7.l. l. l Spe cifications for total flooding aerosol fire-extinsnlishing systerns shall be prepared under the supen'isionof a person firl ly experienced attrl qui,rl if iecl in the clesign ofsuch .sy.sterns and u'ith thc advice <>f the arrthor-itv havingjrrris-r l ic t ion.

7.1.1.2 The specifications shall incltrcle all peftine nt itemsnecessrrry firr the design of the systen, strch as the designatiorrof the arrth<.rri{ h:rving jurisdictior), r,ariances fiorn the stan-darcl to l>e pennittecl b'y tlre atrthoriw haringjrrriscliction, cle-sign critcria, s!'sterr scqrrer)ce of <lper:rtions, the t\pe ancl cx-tent of the approvirl testing to be 1>erforrned after installationof the svstem, and olvner training requirements.

2006 Edition

7.1.2 Working Plans.

7.1.2.1 \4trrking Jrlans irncl calcu.latious shall bc subrnittecl firrnpprdv:ll to the authoriry havingjurisdicti<>n lrefbrc svstenr in-stall irt iotr or rernodeling begins.

7.I.2.1.1 These d<lcrrrnettt.s shirl l be prcpirred <lnly b,v pcm()ns

fully t:xperiencecl :rnd clualifiecl in the clesign of tot;rl con-clensecl or dispersecl aerosol extinguishing systems.

7.1.2.1.2 Deviation from these docrrrnents shall require prr-rnissiorr of' thc irtrthori tv having.i trrisdic tion.

7.L.2.2 \A'orking plans shall be ch-awn to all inclicatecl scale

and shall show the following itenrs that pertain to the design ofthe s,vstcm:

( l ) Narne of orvuerand occrrpant(2) Location, incluclirlg street adclress(3) Ptiint <>f conrpass irn<l symbol legencl(4) l-ocation :rnd colrstnrction ot'pnrtectcd cnclosure rvalls

and partit ions(5) Location of fire walls(6) Errclosrlre cross-section, ftrl l-height ol schernatic clia-

granr, including locati<ln ancl c<>nstrtt<--tion of brri lcling

fltror/cciling arssenrblics abovc ancl bclow, rarisecl :rcccssfloor', artcl suspended ceiling

(7) Aer<>sol agcnt being rrser l(B) Design application cletrsitv(9) Description of occtrpancies and hazards beine pro-

tc(:ted, clesignating rvhe ther or n()t the enclosr.rrc i.s nr>r-

nrally occupied(I0) Dcscr ipt ion of 'cxJ><>srrres srrr r ( )ur ld ing thc enc:krstr re(11) For clispersecl aerosol systerns, a clescription of the agerlt

stora.qe containers trsecl, inchrcling inte nral voltune, stor--age prcssure ,:rncl norninal caperciW expre.ssecl in units of

irgcnt rnass( l2) F'or condensecl aerosr>l syste rns, i,r <lcsr:r' iption of'the gcn-

er:rt()r rrsed, inclrrding nonrinal capaciq, expresscd inulrits of a[fent mass

(13) ,,\ description of nozzle(s) trsecl, incluclins size, orif iceport confiutrrirtion, :rncl eqrrivalcnt orifice :rre:r

(14) Adescription of pipe arncl fitt ings usecl, incltrcling mate-rii i l spccificaticlns, gradt:, ancl pressrrrc rating

(lir) Description of u'ire or cable trsetl, incltrding classification,gatrge fAmerican Wire C]auge (A\4(;) l, shielcling, ntrrn]rerof sFancls in concltrctor', conductor rnate rial, and color cocl-iirg schedule , *"ith the seeregatiotr reqtrirenlen[s of vat'ious.s\stcnl conductoni clcerrly in<licaterl and the reqtrired

ntt. th(xl of nraking rvirc terrniuatkrtrs cletailed( 16) Description of the metl)o(l of de tector lnounting( 17) l,cluipment scheclule or bil l of materials for each piece of

equipment or clevice sholl'ing device llarne, mantrfac-trrfer, tnorlel ()r J)art nrrrnbcr, quantitv, anrl descriptiorr

( I B) Plan vierv <>f'pr<>tect<:rl are:r shorving enckrsrrre pzlrtit i()ns(ftrl l irncl partial height); cletection, rrl irr-lr), and controlsystern, inclucling zrll rlevices ancl sr:hcrnatic ()f ' lviring in-tercorll lection; encl-oFline clevice locations; location ofcontrolled delices such as clarnpers ancl shntters; loca-tion of- inst.rrrctiotral sigr-rage; agcnt distribrrtion svstenr,

irrclucling the location of conderrsecl aerosol generatorsiri, for dispersecl zrcrosol systcms, thc locatiotr cll thcagent storage containers, piy>ing, atrcl n<rzzles togetherrvith type of 1>i1>e hanse rs ancl rigicl pipe strpports

SYSTE}{ DESIC}N 2010-13

(19) For clispcnecl :rcrosol s)stems, isonretric view of :tgent dis"tribution systrln showing the length ancl cliarneter of eachpipe segment; nocle reference nunrbers relating to the flowcalctilations; fittings, i-nclucling recltrcers ancl strainerc; ori-entafi()Ir of'tces; atr<l nclzzlcs, inclu<ling sizc, <lrit ice portconfiguration, flow rate , ancl eqtrivalent orifice area

(20) Scale clrarting shon'ing thc layout oI'the annunciator panelgraphics if reqtrirccl by the artrth<>rity havingjuris<liction

(21) For dispersed aerosol systelns, details of each uniquerigicl pipe support confisuration showing me thocl of se-curement to the pipe ancl to the btri lcling structure

(22) Deuils of the rnettr()d of'cclntainer ()r gencr:rtor secrrre-rnent sh<>rving me th<ld r>f securemeDt to thc contirir)er orgenerator and to the builcling str-r.lctru-e

(23) Complete step-blLstep clescription of the svstem se-quence of operations, incltrcling functioning of abortand maintenance clisconnect s*'itches, delav tirners, alldernerycncv p()wer sh rrtrk>rvn

(24) Point-t<>point u'irirrg sclrematic <liirgnams showing all cir-ctrit connections to the system control panel, to the graphicannturciator panel, aucl to external or aclcl-on relays

(2i>) Complete calculations to detennine enclosure volume,qrrandry of agent, and .size <>f backrrp bat.teries and methodused t<l <leterrnine nrrrnl>er arnd l<lcation of anrclible andrtsrtal inclicating clevices ancl nurnbe r and location of cle tec"t()rs

(26) For conclensecl aerosols, the minirntrm clearances tocombtrstible rnaterials ancl the mealls of egress

(27) Dctails of anv special f 'cirtures

7.1.2.3 Inforrnation shall be subrnitted for approral to thearr th()r iw having j r r r isr l ic t ion perta in ing to thc locat ion andfirnction r;f thc <le tr:ction rlevices, operating clcvices, arrxil i irryeqtripment, aucl electrical circuitry', if tr"se d.

7.1.2.3.1 Apparatus atrcl devices used shall be identifiecl.

7.1.2.3.2 A:rv spet--ial featrrres shall bc explained.

7.1.2.3.3 The cletails on the systern sh:rl l itrchrcle infontratiolrand calculations on the anrotrnt of a.qent.

7.1.2.3.4 For disperserl zrcr<>sol svstems, inforrnation shall bcproviclecl clcscribing cor)taincr storage pressrrre ; internal r'ol-trme of the containe r; the location, type, ancl flow rate of eachnozzle , inclucling eqrdvalent orif ice al'ea; the location, size,and eqtrivalent le ngths ofpipc, fitt ings, and hose; and the l<>cirtion :rn<l size of the st()rage facil ity.

7.1.2.3.5 Pipc s ize redrrct ion ancl or icntat ion of ' tees shal l bcclcirrly indicatecl.

7.1.2.4 An as-built instntction ancl nraintellance manual thatinclucles a firl l seqrre nce <>f'()pcrzrtions ancl a ftrl l sct of rlrzrrv-ings zrnd calctrlations shirl l lrc rnaintarined on site .

7.1.2.5 Flow Calculations.

7.1.2.5.1 Flolv calcrrl:rtiorrs :rlong w'ith the rvorking plzurs .shallbc su.bmi ttccl t <l t he atrthori tv h:rvin g j trriscliction f<l r :,rpproval.

7.1.2.5.2 The versiorr of the flor," calculation pro6;r:rrn shzrll beidentifiecl on the con)puter calctrlation printout,

7.1.2.6 Whcre flelcl c<ln<lit i<lns neccssit:rtc an,v rnaterialchange from approved plans, the change shall be subrnitted tothe authoritl having-iuriscliction for approval.

7,L.2;7 \4,hen strch rtr:rterial chattges frorn irpproved plirns arcm:lde, correctecl "as installed" plirns shirl l be pror.icled to thcatrt h c>rity having j rrriscliction.

?.1.3 Approval of Plans.

7.1;3.1 Plans and c::rlctrlations shall be approvccl prior to in-sullation.

7.1;3.2 \4lhere field conditiotts necessitate an-v change fromapPf'()vc(l platrs, thc clrrtngc shall be appror,erl prior to irnple-mcrlti lt i(.)n.

7.f .3.3 Whcn strch <:hanges fi.onr apprrrverl plarns are rnade,the u'orking plans shall be trpdatecl to accuratelv represent thesysten) as irxtalled.

7.2 Dispersed Aerosol System Flow Calculations.

7.2.1 Svstem flow calcrrlations sh:rl l be pe rftrrmed rrsing a cnl-culation rnethod listecl or approved by the authority having

.juriscliction.

7.2,2 The system dcsign shall bc within thc rnanrrfirctrrrer'sl is tecl l inr i tat ions.

7.3 Enclosure.

7.3,1 In the r les ign of : r tota l f loo<l ing svstern, thc integr i tv ofthc protected enclostrre shall be consiclercd.

7.3;2 The area of rrncl<>sable openings in the protected cn-closttre shall be kept to a minirnurn.

7.3.3 Loss of Agent.

7.9,3,1 To prevent loss of agent through openings to acljacenthazards r>r'work nreers. openings shall be pennanently sealeclor eclrtipl>ecl rvith autornatic clostrres.

7.3.3,2 Where re:rson:rble cotrfinement of agent is not practi-cable, protection shall be expancletl t<> inclrrde thc aclj:rcentcoll l)ecte([ hazarcls <>r lvork ?lreas. or adrlit ional agent shall bt:intrcldrrced into the protected t:nclosurc rrsing an exlcn<leclclischarge confi gtrration.

7.3:4 Forcccl-air ventilatirrg svstcms sh:rll bc shrrt clorvn orclosecl ;rutom:rtically where their continucd opcr;rtion rvotrldadvet'sely aft 'ect thc perfirrrnance of the firc-extinguishing s1's-tem ()r result in propagation of't lrc firc.

7.3,4.1 Cornpletely self-containecl recirculatir)g ventilationsyst.trlns shall not bc reclrdrc<l to be shut ckxvn.

7.3.4,2 The volrrrne of the ventilarti()n systcll] zrncl:rssociaterlcltrcnvork shall be consiclered part of the total h:rzarrl voluntewherr determining the quantit,v of a.qent.

7,3;5 The protcctecl cnclosrrrc shall hin'e the stnrctural strengthanil integr-ity neccssary to cr>ntain the:rgent rlischarge .

7.3.5.1 If the clevelopecl pressures present a threat to thestluctuml stre ngth of the enclosru'e , venting shall be 1>rovideclto prevcnt excessivc pressrrres.

7.3.3.2 Designers shzrll consrrlt the systcn) nranrrfactrrrcr'srec(t rnnl cr)clcd prclccdtrres rcl:rtive to enc losu re vcn ti ng.

7.4 Design Application Density.

7.4. I Determining Design Application Density.

7,4.1.1 The cxt inguishingappl ic : r t ion r lcnsi ty.shal l bc rnccl indeter:nining the agent clesign irpplication clensiry- fil' a par-tictrlar ftrel.

2006 Edition

2010-14 FIXED AEROSOL FIRE-EXTINCiUISHING SIISTEIVIS

7.4.1.2 F'or coml:ir)ations of fttcls, the extingttishment valtte

fbr the firel requiring the gre:rtest dcsign zrpplication densitv

shall be used unless tests are made on the actttal rnixttrre .

7.4.2 Extinsuishment.

7.4.2.1* Class B Fuels. The extingrrishing:rpplicatiou clensitv

for Class B fi.rels shall be cle terrniuecl by test as part of a listing

Progranl.

7.4.2.1.1 The rninirnum desigtr application clensiqv for a Class B

firel hazarcl shall lre the extingrdshing application densitl', as de-

tennined itt 7 .4.2.1, rnultiplied by a safety factor of 1.3.

7.4.2.2* Class A Fuels. The extingtrishing n1>plicatiotr densit,v

for Class A fue ls shall be clete mriue(l bv test as pal't of a listin.q

Pro8r'am.

7.4.2.2.L Tlr.e miuimum clesign ap1>lication tleusiw for a ClassA

strrface file hazarcl shall be the extittguishing application clensitl',

as cletermined in 7.4.2.2, nrultipliecl by a safetl'factor of 1.3.

7.4,2.3 Class C Fuels. The nrinimtttn clesisn application clen-

sity for Class C hazards shall be at Ieast that for the class of fire

h:rzard being protecte( l as def ined in 3.3.6. I ancl 3.3.6.2.

7.4.2.4 Fuel Combinations. For courbitrations of Class A andClass B fuels, thc clesi5'n applicartion clensity sh:rl l be the value

for the fuel reqtriring the greater clesign application density.

7.5 Total Flooding Quantity.

7.5.f Quantity Calculation. Thc rnarss <>f aerosol-firnning corn-

potnd requirccl shall bc calculated fi'orn the following fbnntrla:

n t ,=d , , x f , , x l r

tr'het'e ;z i = tota l f loocl ingquant i ty tg( lb) ]dr, = clesign application clensitv lg/mtt (lb/ftt) ]

/, = aclcliti<>nal clesign fhctors (.see 7.5.2)y = prote cted volrrrne [rntt 1fi"; ]

7.5.2 Additional Design Factors. Iu ardclitic>n to thc agrnt

quantity cleterrninecl by the clesign application clensit,v, aclcli-t ion:rl qrrantities of agent are rcclrrirecl tltrorrgh the trse ol'ad-

clit i<>nal clcsig;n firctors t() compclrs:rtc firr any special c<lncli-

tions that woulcl affect the extitrguishing efficiency.

7.5.2.1 Tee Design Factor for Dispersed Aerosol Systems.

7.5.2.1.1 \A'here ar single agcnt srtpplv is used to protect mrilt iple

hazarcls, a design factol from Thble 7.5.2.1.1 shall be appliecl.

7.5.2.1.2 For the appl icat ion of 'Tablc 7.5.2.1.1, the c lesign

factor tce c()Lrnt shall be detcnnitrccl for each h;tzarcl the sv.s-

tcm pI'ot(:cts zr.s follclrvs:

(l) Starting fiorn thc pointwhere thc pipe s)'stcm enters the

hazard, thc ntrrnbe r of tces in the flow path re turning to

the agent supplv (do trot inclurie tees usecl in a manifokl)

shall bc included in the clesign firctor tee c()ttl)t f irr thc

hazarcl.(2) Anv tee within the hazard th:1t supplies agent to another

haz:rrd shall bc included in tlrc clesigtr fhctor tce cotrut for

thc harzarcl.

7.5.2.1.3 The hazarcl with the greatest clesign factor tee count

slrall be trsed in Table 7.5.2.1.1 to cle terr.l ine the design factr:r.

2006 Edition

Thble 7.5.2.1.L Additional Design Factors for Piping Tees

Design FactorTee Count

Tee DesignFactor

0-4ir67B91 0l l1 2l 3t41 5l 6r 7I B19

1.00l . 0 l1 .021 .031'04L051.06| . 07| . 0 71 .081 .091.091 . 1 0l . t Il . 1 l1 . 1 2

7.5.2.2 Other Design Factors. The clcsigner shatll itssign anclclc)cuttler)t other clesign factors for each of the follorving:

(l) LJnclosable oy>e nings ancl their effects on clistdbutiol) arldclesign application densityI leight of protected volurne(lontrol of acicl gascsRe-i gnition fronr he:rt.ccl sudhccsFtrcl rype, configurartions, scenarios trr>t firl lv irr:cr>untedfcrr in the extingmishing application clen,sin', enclosure ge-olnetry, and obstrtrctions ancl their effects on clistribtttiotrAirrbient pressrrres that r':rry lnore than ll perceDt

Iequivalent to approxirnately 9I5 m (3000 ft) of elevationcharnge ] firrm sLrttdarcl sea lcvcl pressures

(2)(3 )(1)(,, )

( 6 )

7.6* Duration of Protection. The agent clesign applicationdensirv shall be maintained for the specified peliocl of time toprevetlt re-ignition r>f thc lire before efT'ectivc cr)elgencv ac-tion cin be taken by trainecl personnel.

7.7 Distribution System.

7.7.1 Rate of Application.

7.7.1.1 Thc rninimunr clesign rirte of application shall bebasecl on the quantity of asent requirecl for the desirecl clesignrapplic:ttion densitv an<l the tirue allottecl to a<:hievc that cle-sired dcsign application den.sity rvithin thc prr>tectecl space.

7.7.L.2 Discharge Trme.

7.7.1.2.1 For conclensed aerosol systems, the clischat'qe timereqtrirecl to achieve 95 pe rcent of the clesign application den-siry shall l lot cxccc(l 60 .seconds rlr as othct' lvise rcquirecl bythe attthority having jurisclic tion.

7.7.L.2.2 For clispersccl acrosol systerns tusittg }ralocarlxrnagents as the dispersing rnealls, the clischarge tiure reqtrit'ecl toachieve 95 percent of the design application clensitv shall notexceetl l0 secclncls or :rs othcrwisc reqtrired bv the atrthorityhavi rt g j rrriscl iction.

7.7.1.2.3 Fclr <lispersed aerosol syst.clns ttsittg ittert gas as thedispersing agent, the clischarge time reqtrit 'ecl to achieve9ir percent of the minimtrrn clesign application detrsitr', inclttcl-

APPROVAL OF INSTALTATIONS 2010-15

ing a 30 perce nt safety lirctor', sh:rll not excee d 60 se concls or asotherwisc rcqrrirerl by thc authorit1' havingjuriscliction.

7.7.L.2.4 The clischarge time pcriocl is clefinecl as the time

reqrtirecl to dischargc fiom thc nozzles (fbr dispersed aero-

sols) or the geuerator (for condeused aerosols) 95 perceut of

the agent mass, at 20'C (68'F), Ilecessary to achieve the rnini-

rmrrn design applicatiotr densitl'.

7.7.L.2.5 Flow calcttlatious perfornecl iu accordartce with

Section 7.2 or in accorrlance rvith the listed pre-engincerecl

s-vsterns instruction manuals shall be ttsed to delnorlstratecomp l iance w i th T .7 .1 .2 .

7.7.2 Extended Discharge. lVhen rrn cxtencletl clisch:rrgc is

rlecessara to nr:riutain the dcsign applicirtiott cletrsity firr thc

specified periocl of titne, additional agent quautities shall be

appliecl.

7.7.2.1 The initial clischatge shall be complete<l within the

lirnits specifiecl in 7.7.L.2.

7.7.2.2 The perfomnaltce of tlte extetrclecl discharge systeln

shall l>e conflnnecl by tcst.

7.8 Nozzle or Generator Choice and Location.

7.8.f Nozzles or aerosol gcncrators shall be of the type listecl ftrr

tire intended purpose antl shall be placecl witlrirt the 1>rotectedenclostrrc in compli:lnce lvith listecl lirnitations with r-egartl t<l

spacing, floor covetage, thenrral clearances, and aligmment.

7.8.2 Thc q.pe of nozzles ()r ge ncrators selccted, their nr.unbe Eancl their'1>lacement shall be strch that the clesig:r application

clermitr'will be established in all parts of the hazarcl enclosure .

Chapter 8 Approval of Installations

8.1 General.

8.1.1 Thc completccl systenr shall l>e reviewecl and tested by

qualif iecl pcrsonncl to Ir)eet tlte npproval of the arrthorit,v hav-

ing juriscliction.

8.1.2 Only l istecl ccluipmcnt atrcl <levices shall be ttsed in the

system.s.

8.f .3 To clctcrrnine tltat the s,v-stern will f irnctit:tr a.s spe<:ificcl,

thc rc<lrirements in Sectiott 8.2 shall l>e met.

3.1 lss+allation Acceptance.

8.2.1 General. It shall be detet'mined that the protected

cnclosl r re is in getrcral confrr rm: l l tce r l ' i th the constr t tc t ior t

c locurne nts,

8.2.2 Review Mechanical Components.

8.2.2.1 Ttre piping distribtrtion systern shall be inspected to

dcternrine that it is in cnnrpliarnce rvith the design ancl instal-

lation doctrntents.

8.2.2.2 Pipe Size.

8.2.2.2.1 Nozzles and pipe size shall be in accordauce u'ith

svstern drawings.

8.2.2.2.2 Means of pipe size reclrtctiotr aud attitt ldes of tees

shall be checkecl fot'cortformance to the desig'rl.

8.2,2,3 Fastening.

8.2,2.3.1 Piping.joints, clischarge rtozzles, and pipin.g strp-

ports shall be sectrrely fa,stened to prevent tlnacceptable verti-

cal <>r lateml n-rovenlent cltrring rl ischarge.

8.2.2.3,2 Discharge nozzles shall be installecl in sttch a rnan-

ne r l.hat piping cann()t bccorne rletachetl cllrring rl isclrargc.

8.2,2,4 Dtrring assembly, the piping distribtrtion svstctn shzrll

be inspectcd intern:rl ly to cletcct thc possibil ity of any oil or

particulate matter soiling the hazard area or affecting the

agcnt distribution <ltte to a rccluction ilr the e{l 'cctivc lt<>zzle

orifice area.

8,2.2.5 The <lischarge nozzlc shallbc oriented in such a rnan-

ner that optimum agent clispersal cau be effected.

8.2.2.6 If nozzle deflectors are installed, they shall be posi-

tionecl to obtain maximum benefit.

8.2.2,7 The cli.schzrrye noz-zles, piping, atrd rnortnting brack-

ets shall be installed in srtch a ulanrlel' that the,v rvill not pote It-

tially cattse injury to personuel.

8.2.2.7.1 Agetrt shall not tl ircctly irnpinge ()It arcas rvherc pe r-

sonnel could be foutrcl in the u'ork :rrea.

8.2.2.7.2 Agent shall trot directly impitrge oI] any loose ol>

.jects or shelves, cabitret tops, ot'similar sttr-faces rvhere looseobjecLs could be presetrt arncl becolne missiles.

8.2.2.8 All agent storage containers shall be locatecl itt accot'

clance with an approve d se t of svstelrl dr:rwings.

8.2.2,9 All contaitrets atrd mottntitrs brackets shall be fasteneclsccurely in accordancc u'ith the tnauttfhctttrcr's requircmerlts'

8.2.2,10 If a discharge test is to be cotrductecl, contaitrets for the

:,rgent to bc u-sed shall be rvcighcd befirrc an<l af ter <lischargc.

8.2.2.10.1 Fil l rveight of'container shall be vcrifiecl bv rveiggh-

ing or other approvecl methocls.

8,2,2,10.2 For dispersecl irerosol agents, conutirter Prcssrtrcsh:rll tre recnrdccl befirre zrncl zrfter dischirrge.

8.2.2.f f Adeqtratc qu:,rntitY of agcnt to prodttcc the clesire<l

specified design application clensity shall be provicled.

8.2.2.1f .1 The acttttrl r()()rl volttrnes shall be checked aEJaiust

those inclicated on the sl'stetn clriTlings to ellstlt'e the pt'oper

quantiw of agent.

8.2.2.1L.2 Fan coastclorvu ancl claurper closttre tirne shall be

takr:n into corts i< lcr : r t io t t .

8.2.2.12 Testing.

8.2.2.L2.1 The piping shall be ptretturatically testecl iu a

ckrscrl circrrit tor:r pcriod of l0 rnirtutes irt l irO Pcrcelrt of the

rnitxinttrm systerrr r.r''orkittg PressLlre .

8.2.2.12.2 At the encl of l0 tnintttes, tht: presstrre clrop shall

not exceed 20 pcrce nt of the test pressttre ,

8.2.2.13 A flolv tcst nsing rtitrogen or an inet't gzrs shall be

pertormecl otr the piping network to I'erif,v that florv is coutintt-

otts and that the piping atr<l nozzles at'e utrobstrtlcted.

8.2.3 Review Enclosure Integrity.

8.2.3.1* All total floocling svsten)s shall have the enclostlre ex-

arninecl and testecl to locate ancl theu effectively seal anv air

2006 Edition

2010-16 FIXED AEROSOL FIRE-EXTINGU ISHIN G SYSTEMS

le:rks tlurt cotrld rcsrdt in a failure of the enclosttre to hold thcspecilied agent clesign applicatiol clcnsity f<rr the specifiedholding periocl.

8.2.3.2 Quantitative resttlt,s shall be obtaiued and recorclecl toindicate that the specifie<l agcnt clcsign :rpplication clensity firr

the specified duration of protection is in compliance u'ith Sec-

tion 7.6, rusing an appl-oved blower fan trnit or other nlealls as

approved by the ?ruthoriry havingjtrriscliction.

8.2.4 Review Electrical Components.

8.2.4.1 Wi"irtg.

8.2.4.1.1 All wiring systenis shzrll bc installecl in compliance

rvith local co<les ancl the systetn clrawings.

8.2.4.1.2 Alternating current (ac) ancl clirect ctu'rent (dc)

rviring shall not be combinetl in a comlnon cotrdttit oI'race\!??v

unless shielclecl ancl groutrclecl.

8.2.4.2 All f lclcl r:ircuils .shall bc free of grottnd firrrl ls and

short circtrits.

8.2.4.2.1 \\rhere fielcl circuitw is being measured, all electroniccornponents, such as smoke and flame detectons or sllecial elec-

tronic eqtriprnent for other detectots or their moturting ttases,

shall lrc refirovcd, ancl jurnpcn shlrll be installctl to prevent thc

possibiliW of datnage within these deviccs.

8.2,4.2.2 Oornponenrs shall lx rcplacecl after ntcasrrritrg.

8.2.4.3 Power shall be suppliecl to the control ttnit f i 'om aseparerte dedicate d sorrrce th:rt will trot be .shtrt clowtt ()]) systern

<lperat iotr .

8.2.4.4 Rcliable primary and 24hour mitritrttrm statrclby

sourccs of cncrgy shall bc trsecl to prol' icle ftrr operation of the

detection, signaling, coutrol, ancl acttratiou reqrtirements of

the system.

8,2,4.5 Auxiliary Functions.

8.2.4.5.1 All arr-rxil iary firncti<>tts strch as :rlartn-s<>ttnclitrg or

alar:.rdisplaying cler"ices, rell)ote autrtruciators, ait'hancllitrg

shutclor,lrt, and power shtttclolvn shall be checked for opera-tion in accorclirtrce rvith systenr requirernents ancl <lesign speci-

fications.

8.2.4.5.2 If possible , all air-harndling and p()wemttoff controls

shall be of the $pc that, r>nce internrpted, recluirc tnanual rest?rrt

to rtstore pow.er'.

8.2.4.6 Silencing of alurnrs, i l clcsirablc, shall not itf l 'ect other

atrxiliary ftrnctions sttch as air hancllitrg or potver ctrtoff if re-

quirccl in the design specification.

8.2,4,7 The cletection devices shall be checkecl for proper

npe and locatiou as specified on the s)'steln drawings.

8.2.4.8 Location.

8.2.4.8.1 f)ctectors shall not be locatecl near obstrttctions t>r

air ventilation and ccloling equipmcnt that wotrlcl irppreciabl,vaffect their response characteristics.

8.2.4.8.2 \Atrele applicable, irir chatrges for the pt'otected

area shall l>e takeu into cousicleration.

8.2.4.9 The c letectors shal l be insta l lec l i t r a professionalrnar)ncr : rnd in accorr lance r t i th technical daLr regarcl ing

thc i r i ns ta l l a t i on .

8.2.4.10 Manual ptrl l stations shall be installed, readily acces-

sible, accurately iclentif iecl, and protected to prevent darnage.

2006 Edition

S.2.4.11 All manual sti lt ions ttsecl to release :tsellts shall rc-

cprire two separate and distinct trcti<>ns for operation.

8.2.4.11.1 All mattual statiotrs rrsed to rclease agellts shall be

iclentif ied.

8.2.4.11.2 Pirrticrrlar care shall be taken where tnantral re-

lease tlelices for nlore than one sl'steur are iu close proximitv

and cotrld be confttsed or the wrong s)'steln actuatecl.

8.2.4.1f .3 Mantral stations in this ittstirnce shall bc clearly

identitied as to rvhich zolte or sttppression area they afl-ect.

8.2,4,12 For systenrs with a nraitt/reserye cap:rbil itv, the

main,/rcsene slvitch shall be installed, rcirdilv accessiblc, anrl

clearly identified.

8.2.4.13 For system.s using abort .switches, the switches shall

be of the deadman Wpe requiring corlstallt mauual pressure,

installed, readily accessible r^'ithin the hazard area, :rncl clearly

ident i f ied.

8.2.4.13.f Srvitches that remain in thc abort position rvhcn

relcasccl shall not trc r.rsed fbr this prtrp()se.

8.2.4.13.2 Mernrtal prtl l shtions sh:rl l alrvurys t>verlide abot't

switches.

8.2.4.14 The control trtrit.shall be installed ancl readilv acces-

sible .

8.2.5 Functional Testing.

8.2.5.1 Preliminary Functional Tests. The firllorving prelirni-

nary ftttrctional tests shall be providecl:

(l) If thc system is c<lrtrtectcd t<t an arl:rrm-rccciving oflice,

notify the al:rrnr-recciving officc that thc fire sYstent test is

to be cor:.clucte(l atrcl that all elnergency respollse bv the

fire clepartulellt or" alann statiolr 1>ersotttrel is trot clesirecl.(2) Notifu all concemed pet'sonnel at the end user's facil itv

that a test is to be cotrclttcted atrcl instntct personnel as to

tltc sequence of operation.(3) Di.iallle e:rch agent storagc contzriner rclearse mechanisnt so

tlrat activation of the release circuit will not release agetrt.(4)*Reconnect the release circttit with a ftrnctioual clelice in

liei.r of each agent stol'age container release tnechanistn.(5) Chcck eirch cletector firr respol)sc.

(6) t)heck that polaritt ' has been obsenecl otr all y>olarizt'cl

rrlarm devices ancl auxiliary relal's.(7) Check th:rt all e nckrf-line rcsistors h:nc bectr installcd acr()ss

the cletection and alann bell circuits where reqtrired.(B) Clheck all supetvised circuits fot'tt 'otrble response .

8.2.5.2 System Functional Operational Test. The fbllorving

s''stenr functional operational tests shall be petfonnecl:

(1) Operate c letcct i<>n in i t izr t ing c i rcui t (s) .

(2) Vi:rif that all alerrrn furrctions {)cctrr accor<ling to clcsigrt

specification.(13) Operatc the neccssaly circuit to itt it iate ar second alarm

circuit if present.(4) Verify that all second alarm fttnctions occtn'accorcliug to

dcsign specifi cartiot-rs.(5) Operate marttral releirse.(6) \terify that mernturl release firtrctiotr.s ()ccrlr accoxling t()

desi.qn specifi ca tions.(7) Operate abort srvitch circtrit if supplied.

INSPEC:TION. MAINTENANCE. TESTS.'TRAINI NG. AND SA,FETY 2010-17

(B) Veri$' that abort firnctions occrlr :rccorclins to designspecificat.ions.

(9) Confimr) that r,isual ancl auclible supen'isory signals arereceived at the control panel.

(10) Test all arrtonratic v:rlves rrnless testing the ralve lvil l re-

lease agent or damage the vahe (clestnrctive testing).(l I ) Check prleumatic eqttiptnent, where rt:qlrire<I, for

intcgrity.

8.2.5.3 Remote Monitoring Operations. The following testingof rernotc rnonitoring opcrations, if applicable, sh:rl l be per-

fonned:

( I ) Operate onc of cach type of inprrt dcvice lr 'hile ()r) st?rrl(lby

P()wer.(2) \ 'eriS' that an alarnr signal is received at relnote panel

after clevice is operated.(3) Recorurect primary power strppl,v.(4) Operate each s'pe of illarrrr corrdit.ion <xr each signal circrrit

and vcrify rcceipt of'trorrble conrlition at tlte rernotc statiotr.

8.2.5.4 Control Panel Primary Power Source.

8.2.5.4.1 The following testing of the control panel prirnarvporver source shall be perfornred:

(l) Verifv thzrt the cor)tr'()l pancl is connectccl to:r clc<licated

circuit ancl labeled.(2) Test a prinralv po\\'er fit ihrre in acc<-rrclance with the

rnanufacttrrer's specification u'ith the svstenr fully oper-

atecl on standbv porvel'.

8.2.5.4.2 The control 1>anel shall be rc:rcli l1, acccssible , yetrestricted fronr unauthorizecl personnel.

8.2.5.5 Return of System to Operational Condition. Whe n allpreclischarge u'ol'k has been cornpletecl, each agellt storagecontainer shall be l-econllected so that actiration of the releasecircuit will release the ageut.

8.2.5.5.1 The svster:r shall be returnecl to its ftrl ly operationaldcsign concl i t io t r .

8.2.5.5.2 The alarnr-receiving office ancl all concerned per-sonnel at thc e nd rLser's facil itv shall be notifie<l that the firesvstenl test is cornplete ancl that the system has been returnedto f i r l l sen. ice concl i t ion.

Chapter I Inspection, Maintenance, Tests, Trainingo

and Safety

9.1 Inspection. At lc:rst every 30 dals, nn inslrcctir>n shall be con-

cluctecl to assess the aerosol s)'stem's operational condition.

9.1.1 Enclosune Inspection. At learst every l2 rnonths, the crt-closure protectecl by the aerosol system shall be thorotrghlyinspected to cletermine if penetrations or other changes haveocctrrred that coulcl advelselt' affect agellt leakaee or chaugevoltune of hazarcl or both.

9. l . l . l Where the inspect ion i r rc l ic i , r tes condi t ions th i r t cotr lc l

result in inabilitv to nraintain thc aeros<>l clesign applicationdensity, they shall be corrected.

9.1.f .2 If uncertainty sti l l exists, tlre enclosrrres shall be re-

tested fol integri$ in accorclance with 8.2.3.

9.2 Maintenance.

9.2.1 At least annrrally, all s1'stenrs shall bc strl{ecterl to therrtanufacttrrer' '.s test ancl maintenance proceclrrres b,v cornpe-teirt personnel.

9.2.? The rnaintenance report rvith recornmenclations shallbe fi lecl with the owncr.

9.2.3 At least seuriaunually the agent quantit ' and pressrtleof reti l lable containers shall be checked.

9.2.3.f For clispersed aerosol systelns, if a container sholrs :rloss in pressure (acljtrsted for tempemture) of more thanl0 percent, it shall be refil led or replacccl.

9.2.3,2 Where the amount of agent in the contiriner is cletepnrinecl by special rnea,suring delices, these devices shall belistecl.

9,2,4 All halocarbon mncl acrosol materiurl removccl fiom rc-fi l lablc containcrs <hrril lg scn'ice or nraintcl):lr)cc proceduresshall be collectecl and recvcled or disposecl of in an enl' iron-nrentally sound manner and in accorclance *'ith existing lausancl regrrlations.

9.2.5 F:rctory-charyed, nonrcfillzrblc cotrtainers fi>r dispencclacrosol systeurs that clo n<lt ltave il rneans of presstrre irxlicationshall har,e the agent quarltit,v checked at least semianntnlll'.

9.2.5,f I l 'a containet shc>rvs :r loss in irgetrt rvcight of urt>rt:than 5 percent, it shall be replacecl.

9,2.5.2 All facton chargerl, nonrefil lable conta.ine rs remcx'edfioln uscfirl sen'ice shall be retrrrned to thc nranufacturcl tbrrecycling of the agent or disposecl nf in :rn cnvirt>nrnenterllvsotrnd nranner and in atccorclarncc ll ith e xisting larrvs :urcl regrr-lations.

9.2.6 F<lr <lisperserl acnrs<ll systems, tltc clatc <>f itrspection,

.qros-s weight of cylinde r plus afrcnt, net weight <;f age nt, wpc ofagcnt., pcrs()n pcrftrnning thc inspection, ancl, w'hcrc appli-c:rble, tlrc pressure at a rcc<>r'decl tempcraturc shall bc re-corcled oll a Lng attache(l to the contairler.

9,2,7 Dispcrsed aer<lsol svsterns shall bc rnaintirincd in firl lopel'ating conclit ion at all t inres.

9.2.8 Acttration, irnpairrnent, and restoration ol clisperscclaerosol systelns shall be reportecl prorlptly to the atrthoriwhaving.jurisclic tion.

9.2.9 Anv troubles or inrpiri lrnents shall be correctecl in atimely lnanrler consistent with the hazarcl protected.

9.2.10 Penetrations.

9.2.l0.f Anv 1>enetrations rnade throtrgh the enclosure pro-tected by the aerosol s!'stern .shall be sealecl inrrnecliatell:

9.2.10.2 The rnethod of sealing shall lestore the original firercsistan<--c rating <lf-the ctt<'losrrle .

9.3 Tests.

9.3.1 Container Test.

9.3.1.1 Retesting.

9.3. 1 . 1. 1 U.S. Dcp:rrtnretrt o1'Tr:rnspxrrtation (DOT), (lirtrarclian

Transport Clormnission (CTC), or similar clesigl dispersed aero-sol agent containem sharll not be rechi,rryecl rvithr>ut retesting ifrnore thar) 5 yram have elapsecl since the clate of dre last test anclinspection.

2006 Edition

2010-18 FIXED AEROSOL FIRE.EXTINGUISFIING S\sTEI\,IS

9.3.1.1.2 For halocalbon agelt stor:rf{e corlt:riners, t}re retcst

shall be pernrittccl t<-r consist of'a c<tmplete visturl inspectiott zls

descr ibed in 49 CFR 173.3a(e ) (10).

9.3.1.2 Dispersed aerosol agent storage containers collt intl-

otrsly iu sen'ice rvithout clisclrarging shall be given a courlllete

external vistral iuspectiott evetv ir yeal's oI'lnore freqtrently if

reclttirecl.

9.3.1.2.1 The Vistul inspectiott shall bc irl acc<.lrclancc with

Section 3 of'(lGA ()-6, except that the ct' l inders neccl not be

emptied or stamped while utldet'Pressure'

9.3. 1.3 ltrspcttti<;rts sharll be ma<le onll 'by comPcterlt Pers()Ir-nel and the results recot'clecl on botll of the follorving:

(l) Arecorcl tag pennallently attachecl to each cvlinder

(2) An inspection report

9.3.f .3.1 A comple ted copv of the iuspe ction rePol't shall be

ftrrnished to the o\4'Ilel' of the system or all authorizecl repre-

septirtive , irn<| t[e recgrcls shall trc ret;rine{ bv thc <lwner f<rr

the lif 'e of thc systen).

9.3. 1.3.2 !t'here extcrnal vistr:rl ittspcction indicates that thc

contitiner ()r gcltenrt(tr ltaus bcetr cl:urlagert, zrclditiotral strcngth

tests shall be requirecl.

9.3.2 Hose Test.

9.3.2.1 General.

9.3.2.f .1 All s,vstern hose shall be exatniued annttallv for

clamage .

g.g.2.l,Z If vistral exitmitr:rtion shows anv cleficiettcl ', the [ose

shall be itnurediately replaced or testecl as specified in 9.3.2'2.

9.3.2.2 Testing.

9,3.2,2.1 All hosc shall bc testerl every ir,veal's tlt 150 percetlt

of thc nraxitnttm cntttit iner Presstlrc at 5ir"C (130"F).

9.3.2,2.2 Thc tcsting procedtrrc sh:rl l be zrs fbllows:

(l) The hose is rent<>r'ccl fiont any att:rchlnelrt.

(2) The hose assentbly is theu placed in a Protective euclo-

strre clesignecl to pennit visual obse ruatiotr of the test.

(3) The hose is cotnl>letelY fillecl with water before testillg.

(-1) Presstrre thett is appliecl at a rate-of-presstu'e rise to reach

the tcst pressure lvithin :t tniuirnttrrt of I minute '

(5) The tcst Pressure is nrairrt:rine<l for I ftrl l rninute.

((i) Ol>serratiotrs are made t() note any distortiotr or leakage .

(7) If t ltc test Presstu'e hirs nt>t rlroppcd or if thc corrplings

Itave not Drr:vecl, the pressure is released'

(B) The ltose assernbly is consiclet'ed to have passecl the hy-

<lrosuttic test if no Pe rlnauellt clistortion has Lrken pli lce'

(9) I{osc assembll passil lg the tcst rntut bc contpletely driccl

intcrnally.(10) If heat is rued fbr clryirlg, the tenlPer:rtlrre lnLtst n()t ex-

ceecl tlre martufacttrrer' s specifi cations.

( I I ) Hose assetnl>lies failirlg a |,vcltostatic test nttst be markecl

an<l <lestroyecl and then replircecl with new assernblies.

(12) Each fiose a.sseltbly passipg thc hy<lros&rtic tcst is rnsrkecl

t<> show the dirte of-test.

9.4 Training.

9.4.1 All persons n'ho coulcl be expecterl to itrspect, test'

maintain, ,ir- .r1rr.ot* fire-ertingtrishilg systenls shall be thor-

otrghly tr.ained ancl kept thoroughlv ttained in the ftttrctiotrs

thev at'e ex1>ected to perform'

2006 Edition

9.4.2 Peruolnel lvorkilg in :r1 e1c:lostlre Protected [v aI] :lerc>

sol systcrrt shall rcccive tr.rilring reg3lrcling agent s:rfcty issrtcs.

9.5 Safety. Saf-e procedures shall be <>bscn'cd dut'ing installa-

tiol, servicing, maintellallce, testirlg, fuarlcllirlg, alcl rechare-

ing of aerosol .syste ms atld cornpolle nts'

Chapter l0 Marine SYstems

10.1 scope. This chapter shall be lirnitecl ro applications trs-

ing marirte systetn.s with :rcrosol firc extingtrishitrg :rgetrts otr

c<>lnmt:rciltl vesscls antl 1>leasttre cr:rfi.

10.2 Genera].

f 0.2.1 Chapter l0 outlines the deletious, tnodificatiotrs, and

:rcklit iorts thart shall be reqttirecl fbr nrarine :rpplications.

f 0.2.2 All othe r reqtrircrlents ()f t lt is statncLrrcl shirl l applv t<r

lnirrinr: systclrls exccPt ers tnodifie<l b1'this chaptcr.

10.3 Special Definitions. See Section 3.4'

10.4 Inspected Vessels.

10.4.1 Use and Limitations.

10.4.1.1 Aerost>l fire-c-xtinguishing systell)s tuseti tr> px)tect

hazar<ls th:rt :rre partially or totnllv etrclosccl r>r-ecltriprnelrt that

is partially or totally e nclosed ou inspected rcssels shall colnplv

rvith tlre reqttire tne uts of this se ctiou.

10.4.1.2 Aerosol fire-cxtingtrishing systenls tusecl t<> protcct

normally occupied spaces shall have a tiure clelay a1d arrclible

ancl visual preclischarge alanns that sortncl in the Protecteclsp:rcc: f or at learst 20 secottds pri()I 't() discharge.

10.4.2 Agent Storage Containers Located Outside the Protected

Space.

L0.4.2.1 Agent storage contail lers shall be located otrtsicle the

protectccl sperce excePt its 1>ermittecl l l,v 10.4.3.

10,4.2.2 The agcnt stol'age contaitrers shall be stored in atl

accessible roorn that is ventilated to Inailltaitr the atnbietrt

tempcrature belorv ir5'O ( l:]0'F) .

10.4.2.3 (lornnron bcxtndaries betrvcctr tlte atgcttt storage

contnir:r:r roont and the protected sPace sh:,rl l bc collstrttctcd

:rs ,4'-60 (lli,rss divisitlns.

10.4.2.4 The agent contaitrer storagfc roolrl shall be acc(:s-

sible rvithntrt having to Pass througlr tlte protectcd :rrca or ally

al'eA cc)tnntou to the plotectetl at'ea that cottld become ulltell-

able fi 'onr a fire in the protcc-tecl arca.

10,4,2.5 Access doors trl the age)rt st()rage cc>ntaincr ro()nl

sl-rall open outlvarcl.

f 0.4.2.6 Agept stol?ge coptairlers locirted where tlrev cotrld

be srrtrjccterl to moisturc shall bc installecl at least irO rnnr

(2 irt.) above the deck.

10.4.3 Agent Storage Containers Located Inside the Protected

Space.

10.4.3.1 Agent storagc: contaiDet's sharll bc pcrnlittccl to be

locate<l inside the protected space if the arrangeinellLs at'e itr

accor-dance with 10.4.3.2 through 1O.4.3.7.

MARINE SYSTE\,TS 2010-i9

10.4.3.2 An irtrtornatic l irc dctection svstem in :rccorclancer,r' ith 10.4,5 shall bc insurllecl in the protcctcd spacc to provirleearly warnins of fire conclitions.

10.4,3.3 Electrical porver circrriLs conncct.ing thc conLrinersshall be strpen'isecl for fatrlt couditions and loss of pon'er.

f0.4.3.4 Vsttal ancl audible alanns shall be pror.iclecl on thenavigating briclge t() warr) r>f the firrrlt con<lit ions in 10.4.3.3.

10.4.3.5 Aclditional agent storage containers or backtrp elec.trical circrtits and controls nccessary fcrr the releasc of the .sys-tern shall be provided to cnsure that the reqr.rired qrrantit) 'of'cxtingrrishing argcnt cern bt: dischargecl in the event of damagethat causes the loss of the largest single actuatioll circtrit.

10.4.3.6 All circtrirs esscntial for the rclease c;f ' the systeullocatecl within the protectecl space shall be heirt-resistant.cables such as lnine rzrl-instrlated cables compliant with Articlc330 of NFPA 70 or Tnrc C:I fire alamr circuit integrity cablesconrl>liant rvith Article 760 of NFPA 70.

10.4.3,7 Slstem discharge shall be inclicatecl orl the navigat-ing bridge.

10.4.4 System Component Requirements.

10.4.4.1 S,vstcrn con)poncnrs shall be specifically l isted ()r al>provecl for nrarine applications.

10.4.4.2 The systern and equi;rlnent shall be clesignecl to with-stand arnbient ternperatrrre chances, vibrations, htrrniditv,shock, irnpact, clogging, irttd c<lrrosi<>n normally cncountercclin ships.

10.4,4.3 Piping, vah'es, ancl fittings rnade of ferlotrs rnaterialsshall be protected insicle atrcl out against corrosion.

10.4.4.4 Heat-sensitive rnaterials shall not be rrsecl fol'piping,talves, fitt irtgs, motrnting brackeLs, ngcnt st()rage c()ntaincrs,ancl welding fi l lers.

10.4.4.5 Altrnrintrm conlporlents shall ltot be tmecl for lnanrr-allv operatecl svstenx.

10.4.4.6 High-pressure cylinclers shall cornpl,v with the re-qrr i renrenLs of thc U.S. Departrnent of Transportat i t>n (DOT),49 CFR l7 l -190, 178.36, and l7S.: tZ, or other approvecl inter-national stanclal'ds.

10.4.4,7 Agent stora.qe contairlers used as shipping contain-ers shall be clesisrlecl to meet the requirements of the DOT orof the Canaclian Tran.sport Clornrnission or othel approvecl in-te rn:rt ionirl stanrlarcls.

10.4.5 Detection, Actuation, and Control Slatems.

10.4.5.1 Arr t r> lnat ic dctcct ion svsten)s shal l in i t ia te at tc l ib leatrcl visual zrlzrrms in the prott:cted spa(:e arrrl on the n:rvig:rtingbriclge upon cletection of fire.

10.4.5.2 Dctcctir>n ancl alirrrn svsten) corr)ponents shall beelectricallv su1>e n'ised for farrlt conditiotrs.

10.4.5.3 Dctection systcllr troublc signals shall initiate :rlr-clible:lnd visrral alarrns on Iht: nau'igating briclge .

10.4.5.4 Power Supplies.

10.4,5.4.1 Ar.ttolnatic dctection, signaling, control, an<l acttr:r-tion slstems shirll have at least two indepenclent polvel- supplies with autonlatic cltanseover.

10;4.5.4.2 Onc of the sotrrccs of powcr desc:ribcd in 10.4.5.4.1shall be rvholly grrovicle<l fi-onr otrtside t]re pft)tcctcd space.

10;4.5.5 The backrrp poller supplv shall bc sizerl tc> ()perate

thc sl,stetn for ert least 24 horrrc.

l0.4.5.6 Automatic release of the extinguishing systern shallnot be pemrittecl in spaces over 170 rnto 16000 fttr) where actua-tion of the systcrn worrlcl interf'e re with the safe navigirtion ofthe vcssel.

10.4.5.7 Every system shall have a rc:mote marnrral acnlati()l) sta-tjcln located in thc main egress rotrte otrtside the protected space.

10.4.5.8 Instnrctions for the operation of the system shall beIrratcd in a colt.spicllolr.s placc zlt ()r l lear zrll nranrral actuatir>nstations ancl in the age nt stc)ragc ro()rn (if provi<lcd) .

10.4.5.9 For st'stems *ith an agent storage roorn, the instrtrc-tioiis reqtrirecl by 10.4,5.8 shall incltrcle a chart indicatin.g theloc;r t ion of ' the enlerge nc,v locul contr 'o l to bc used i f ' thc re-nrirtc t:ontrols fail t() opcrate.

10.4.5.10 Mantral actuatiorl of the systen] shall require t\{oseixrrarte actions, cxccpt fbr systerns pr()tccting spaces less than170 rn:t (tioott fr:r).

10:4.5.11 Interlocks sh:rl l be Jrrovicled to shut down ar)y pres-sul'ized fuel systems ancl poweFoperated ventilation slstcrnsscr!' ing the protectccl sparcc prior to rlgent disch:r.rge.

l0;4.6 Enclosure.

10;4.6.1 All openings in the protected space shall be pe rma-nentlv sealecl to prevent the loss of agent or shall cornply with10 .4 .6 .2 o r 10 .4 .6 .3 .

10;4.6.2 Openings in the pl'otecte(l space that cannot be per.manelrtly sealed to preverlt the loss of agent shall be arran.qeclto irc autonraticarlly cl<lsed prir>r to the relcase of :rgent.

10.4.6.3 Adclit ional qrrantities of-agcnt shall be provirlecl t<rcotnpensate fcrr anr" openings in the plotectecl space that can-not be permanently sealecl or equippecl with autornatic clo-sut'es to prevent the loss of agcnt.

10.4.7 Agent Design Application Density.

f0.4.7.1 F'or c<>mbinations of fircls, the agcnt clcsign applicit-tiotr density shall be detennined f<>r the fircl requiring thegreatest design application densitl'.

10,4.7.2 The agent rlesign application <lensiry shall be rletcr-rnilrccl at thc lowest expecte(l anrbicnt tculperatrrre in thc pro-tected space.

10.4.7.2.1 Thc agent dcsign appliczrtion clensity firr machin-crv spaces shal l be dctcrnr ined at 0 'O (32"F).

10;4.7.2.2 The agent design application densitl ' for calqopulnp K)oms shal l bc deternr iner l at -18"C (0 'F) .

10;4.7.3 The agent clesign applicrrtion clensity shall be calctr-Iated based on the net volume of the protected space.

10;4.7.4 If the protectecl space includes a bilge or a rnachin-ew casing area, the voltrrne of these areas shall be inclucled inthc: nct volurne calcrrlation,

10.4.7.5 If thc protected spa(:e inclrrcles prcssrrrizccl air re-ceivers, their equivalent free air volume shall be incluclecl inthe net voltrme calctrlation.

2006 Edition

2010-20 FIXED AEROSOL FIRE.EXTINC;UISHING SYSTEIVIS

10.4.7.6 For fl:rmmable und combtrstible liqtrid hazarcls, therninirnrrnr agcnt dcsign arpplication rlensity sh:rll be <lctcnninedby full-scale testing in accoldance with IMO MSC/Circular 1007.

10.4.7.7 For orclinary cornbrstible hazards, inclrrding clectricalcornponents, the milrimum agent clesign application densityshall be dctcnnined by testiug arcceptable to the auth()rit)' heuing

-jtrrisdiction.

10.4.8 Distribution System. The spacitrg, area of t:overa€fe,ceil ing hei.qht, and location of discharge outlets shall bervithir-r the linrirs determinecl by full-scale fire tests in accor-clance with IIIO MSC/C)ircular 1007 fcrr flarnmable and corn-btrstible l iquids or in accorclance *ith the testing required by10.4.7.7 f or ol'clinary conrbustiblcs.

10.4.9 Duration of Protection. The qtrarrtity of agent provicledshall be srrffrcient to rnaintain the minirnum agent clesign applic:.rti<.rn clensitt, in the pr<)tc(:te(l spacc for at leirst lir mintrtes.

10.4.10 Compliance. Electrical systems shall comply with46, ( lFR, Subchi , rpter J, "Electr icer l Engineer in g. "

10.5 Uninspected Vessels and Pleasure Craft.

10.5.1 IJse and Limitations.

10.5.I.1 Acrosol firc-extinguishing svstenls trscd to protect.unr-rccupied spaccs on ttninspccted vessels and pleirstrre craftsh:r l l comply rv i th the rcqrr i remcnts of 'Sect ion 10.5.

l0.5.l.2 ,A.erosol fire-extinguishing s!'stems trsecl to protectnornrally occrrpiecl space.s an<l spaces larger thatr 57 nrlt(2000 ftrt) slrall cornply with the reqtrirenrents of Section 10.4.

10.5.2 System Component Requirements.

f 0.5.2.1 Aerosol fire-extinsrtrishing units and relatecl s,vsterncomponents shall be specifically l isted or approvecl for rrse ontrninspected vessels atrd pleilsure craf t.

10.5.2.2 The erpriprnent sherllbe clcsigned to withstancl armbi-ent terDperature changes, r' ibrations, humiclitt ' , shock, impact,clo.qging, and corrosion rtonnally encotrntered itr marine ap-plications.

10.5.3 Installation.

10.5.3.1 Aerosol f i re-cxt inguishing uni ts shal l bc insta l lcd inaccordance with the rnzrntrfactrrrer's l isted instnrctions n'ithapproved brackets and ttrounting harclware .

10.5.3.2 Acrosol fire-cxtingrri.shing systerns shall be insurlleclrvithin volunrc anrl spacing linrits determinccl by tcsting ac-ceptable to the authol' iry hardng-iurisdiction.

10.5.4 Actuation and Controls.

10.5.4.f Aerosol fire-extinsuishing systerns shall be autourati-cally acttratecl.

10.5.4.2 Ae rosol fir'e-extinguishing svste ms installe d in spaceslarger than 28 mn 11000 ft 'r) shall have a mantral actuatol irladclit ion to the autornatic lneans of actuation.

10.5.4.3 T'lre clischarge of an aerosol fire-extinguishing systernshall be inclicatecl bv a risual sig'nal at the oper?tol''s console.

10.5.4.4 Aelosol fire-extinguishing svstenls r+{th the capabil-iry to arrtornatically shut <lown the vessel's eugines shall hzrve alllearls to y>errrrit restart of the engines fronr the operator'sconsole .

2006 Edition

I0.5.4.5 Aerosol fire-extingtrishiug systenrs withotrt the capa-bil it l, tr> :nrtonraticall,v.shrrt dorvu thc vesscl's engitrcs nrrrst bcstrpplementecl with a lvanrin.q label 1>ostecl at the operator'sconsole that states:

IF FD(ED FIRE-D(TINGUISHING SYSTEMDISCHARGES, SHUT DOWN ENGINES,

GENERATORS. AND BLOWERS.

Annex A Explanatory Material

Annex A it rtot a parl oJ'llv rerluiremenls oJ thi.s '\TPA tkx:u,menlbut is inchrfurljbr informritionat purlto,se.s onl,g.

'l'his an.nrx contnins

explnnalory nutterial, numbn'ecl to cotrespond tuitlt. tlw opltlicable textparugraphs.

A-1.5.1 See IEEE,/ASTM SI 10, Standrn'd fm' (ise of the Intmtta-tio'nal Slsten r{ Units (SI):

'l'hc fuIofuirn fuIettic Sy.stern.

A.3.2.1 Approved. The National Fire Protection Associ:rti<;ndoes not approve . inspect, or certi4/ any installatiotrs, proce-dures, eqtriprnent, or rnaterials; nor cloes it approve ol evalu-ate testing laboratories. In cletennining the acceptirbil ity ofinstallations, proce drrres, eqtriprne nt, ()r nr:rterials, the arrthor-iq.' having jurisdictiorl rn2l)/ trasc accel)tar)ce on corrrpliancewith NFPA or other appropriate standarcls. In the absence ofstrch .stanclarcls, said authority nra,v reclrri l-c cviclencc of'Jrroperinstallation, procecltrre , ol'trse . The authoilty having.jurisclic-tion nrav also refer to the listings or labeling practicrs of arlorganization thnt is con<:crnecl with procltrct ev:rlrr:rtions ancl isthts in a position to cletcrnrine c<>tnJrli:rnce lvith appr<;priartcstandalrls for the crrrlellt prodtrctiotr of l istccl itcms.

A-3.2.2 Authority HavingJurisdiction (AHJ). The phrase "au-

thority havins juriscliction," or its acronyrn Aql, is rsecl inNFPA rlocrrrncnts in :r broa<l rnanncr, since jrrrisdictions irndarpproval er.qcncies vary, as do the ir responsibilities. Whe re pul>lic safirn, is prirn;rrv, the atrth<>rity har,ingjuriscliction rnery bc :rf 'cderal, st:rte, local, or r>thcr- regional clcparrtnrent r>r inclirdchul such as a fire chief; fire nrarshal; chief of a fire preven-tion btrreatr, labor cleparturer)t, or health clepartnrent; build-ir-rg oll icial; elcctrical inspector; or others hirving statutoryauthoriry For insurance prlrposes, an insurance inspection de-

J)nrtnrent, rnting brrrcarr, ()r other instrrance c()n)J)arly repre-.sentat ivc nra1, be thc arr thor i ty having j r r r isr l ic t ion. In r r ranvcircumstances, the propel'ty olvrler or his or her clesignatecl:rger)t :Lrisrrlnes the rolc of'the :rtrthoriry having jr"rris<licti<>n; at

€Jovenrn)ent installations, the conruraucling officer ot' depirrt-rnentil l officiarl nray b'e the eruthoriry havingjuriscliction.

A.3.2.3 Listed. The mcatrs tirr i<lcntilving li.stcd ccluiJ)mcr)trnay vary for each organization corlcel'ne cl lvith product evalu-ation; some organizations clo not recognize eqrdpmerlt aslisted trnless it is also labelecl. The authority h:rl ing.jurisclic-tion shc'trld utilize the system en"rplol'ed by the listing organi-'tati<>n tr> idcntilv ar l istecl pr<xltrct.

.d3.3.5 Automatic/Manual Switch. The rneans can be in theforrn of a manual su'itch on the control pancl or otlrer rrnits ora persorrrlel cloor inte rlock. In all cases, the switch changes theactuation mode of the s),stern frorn atrtomatic and nranual tornatrtt;r) ottly 21t,1 r' icc t 'ers:t.

A-3.3.9.1 Design Application Density 1glm3). Meastrr-ing theanlor t l - r1 <l f sol ic l acrosol part icrr late in the atrnc>s1>hcrc af terdischarge of a system is technically cliff icult and resoru'ceintertsive. Therefore, nranufactrlrrrs use the extingtrishing

ANNEX A 2010-2r

applicirtior) clensiq' (ur:3..3.9.2) and the design application den-siry (see 3.),9. I ) zs convenienI proxie.s that can ]>c tuse<l by systerrrclesignerc to calctrlate the amoturt of aerosol-f<rrrning coml>oundthat is l lecessar)'to pl'otect a giretr space.

Extinguishing application density is calctrlatecl by takingthe rnirss <>f soli<l aerosol-forlning compouncl nccessarry t() ex-tinguish the fire or,er the voluure of the protected space iu atest fire. For exalnple, irr a 5 nrtt roonr, a lupothetical pow-clcrecl aeros<-rl cotrlcl requirc 2 kg of s<.rl id aerosol-forntingcompound to cxtinguish a flanrc. Therefore, the extinguish-ing concentration in this exarnple rvould be 485.5 g/rn". Thedesigrr application density is calculatecl by aclding 30 percentto the extingrrislring design clensiry. Therefore, for this ex-ample, the clesign application clensit.v wotrld be 631.15 S/rns.Aclclit ional szrf'ctv firctnrs can be re<lrrired clcpen<Iing on thespecific char:rctcristics of thc h:rzarcl as speci{iecl by this stan-d:rrcl. The systcrn desigarcr cirn ther] calculate thc :rrn<.ltrnt ofsolicl aerosol-f<>rnring rnaterizrl ncedcd to achieve the clesiglrapplication clensity and thus protect a given space by ap1>lf ingthc lo rn r t r l : r i l r 7 . : - r .1 .

Howe.ver, to assess the potential hrrman health effects,rnauufacture lrs lllust concluct adclitional toxicity testing frrr tnein normally occupied spaces. Strch testing reqtrires direct mea-srrre nre nt of the p:rrticulatcs erfter <lischerrge ofthe s,vstems atthc rn:rxirrrrrrn rlesign applicirtion clensiry. The nreasurement isclefirrerl by this standard as the particulate clensity (see 3.3.9.3).

4"3.3.9.2 Extinguishing Application Density (g/m"). SeeA . 3 . 3 . 9 . 1 .

A.3.3.f 6 Inspection. This is done by seeing that the systcnr isin pl:rce, thirt it has not been acttr:rtecl or tanrperecl with, anclth;rt there is no olx'ious phvsical rlarm:rge or conrlit ior) t() pre-rent opcrzrtiotr.

A,3.3.17 Maintenance. It inclrrclcs ir thororrgh exarnination anclany necessary repair or replacenrent of system components.

4-3.3.19 Mass MedianAerodynamic Diameter (MMAD). Fifty

J)crcent of the particles by wcight rvil l bc smaller t.han the rne-dian diarneter ancl fifw percent of the particles will be larger.(For rnore inforrnation, see EPA Health Effects Test Guicle-lincs, OPPTS 1J70.1300, Acttte lnhalrtion Toxicity.)

Ar.3.3.26 Unoccupiable. Ex:rnrplcs of tr.nocctrpiable areas in-cltrcle shallow voicl spaces ancl cabine ts.

A-3,4.1 A-60 Class Division. This is detennined rvhen testecl in:r<:r:ordancc rvith ASTM E I19, or cqrrivalelrt test rnethod.

A-4.3 M;rn,v fhctclrs afl'ect the cnvironrre nt.al ercccptabiliry* of afire suppression agent. Unr:ontxrllc<l l ires pose significant im-pact by themselrrs. All extingnrishing a.gents should be tne cl inrvals that elirninate or rninimizc tlre potential cuvironnrcntalirnpact. Cleneral .griclelines to be followecl to mininrize thatinrpact inclrrde thc firl lowing:

(l) Do not perforn] unnecessary clischarge testing,(2) Oonsicler the oz.()ne depletion and global *'errrning imparct

of the aserlt under consideration and weigh those itn-pacls agarinst the fire sal'etv c()l lce rlrs.

(3) Recvclc a l l agents whe rc possib le.(4) Consult the n)ost recent enrironnrental reg.rlations on

eirch agent.

Thc r-rnnecessary ernission of :rerosol extinguishing systcmswith the pote rlt ial of ozone depletion, global l larming, or bothshoulcl be avoidecl. All phases of design, installation, testirlg,

:lncl rnaintellnnce of systems rrsing strch agents shoulcl be pcr-f<rrlnccl rvith tlre g<>al <lf nr> crnission to the ertvironmcnt.

A-4.4.1 \,\'ith regard to the trse of carrier cases fol disperseclaerosol extinguishing systenrs, it is generally believed, as stateclin A. l .U. l of NFPA 2001, that , becaursc of ' thc h ighly skrblenatrlre of the cornpotrnds that are deril'ecl from the farniliesthat inclutlc halogcn:rtcd hy'<lroc:arbotts anc[ inert garses, in-cornpatibil iry rvil l n()t bc zr problenr. Thesc materials tcncl tc>behave in a similar fashion ancl, as far as is knor+rr, the reac-tions that cotrld occur as the result of rnixing of these rnaterialswithin the container is not thotrght to be a real consicleratiorlwith regard to their application to a fire protection hazarcl.Sirnilarll,, c()mpatibil ity of thc :rgenls u'ith componenls of thcextinguishing svstem is not thotrght to be an issue.

A-5.1 The discharge of aerosol exting'uishing systen)s to extil-guish a fire cotdcl create a hazarcl to persorurel fiorn the nanrralfotrn of the irerosol or from certain prodtrcts of aerosol gener?-ticln (inclucling cornbustion prxhrcLs :rnd tr:rcc g:Lses fi'om c<>n-detncd aerosc>ls). Acid b,l.pr<.rdrrcts carn alsr> be fonne<l ancl

Ixesent a hazarcl to exposecl personnel [see NFPA200t,A.l.5.l.2:uldA.5.7.l .2, ftrr a rl iscr.rssiotr of-hr'<lr<>fhroric aci<l (HF') ]. Littttct--essarv exposure of personnel to either the natural agent or thedeconrposi tion produt: ts shor rld bc avoi cle<I.

A-5.1.1 Tht: SNAP Progrirrn rvas r>riginallv outlinecl in 59 CFR13044.

L5.2.1 Potential hazarcls to be consiclered for individual svs-terns are the following;

(l ) A/oise. Discharge of a systern ciln cause noise loud enottght<> l>e starrtl ing btrt or'dinarily insufl ' i t: ier)t to causc trau-rnatic injurr'.

(2) 7\trhu,l,enre. High-r'e lor:it1' <lischarrge fi'r>rn nozzles cortld trcsrrfficient to dislocl.ge substantial objects clirectly in their'path. System discharge carl clruse etrottqh geuet'al trtt'lrtt-lence in the encl<>surcs t() rnove unsccrrred paper arrrdlight objects.

(3) (bkl Tbrnperalurc. For clispersed :rcros<>l ext.inguishing sysFterns, clirect contact u'ith the raporizing liquicl being dis-charged fi'orn a systern will lrar'e a stror)g chilling effect onobjects and can cause firrsttritc lxrrns t<l thc skiu. Thc liqtri<lphase laporizes rapidly rvhen mixe cl lvith air ancl thtrs limitsthe hazzrrcl to the imnrecliate viciniw o1'thc cli.scharge point.

(4) Ilcdu,r:ed Vsibitity. When activate<l, condensccl acrosol gen-eratols reduce visibilitv both cluring and after clischarge

lleriod. This partictrlal cousicleration is fulther adclressedin A .5 .2 .5 .

(5) Potential Tbxicitl. \Arhen activatecl, conclensecl aerosol getr-crators nray prodrrcc toxic levcls <.rf gar.scs srrch as carbonrnouoxide, nitr<lgen oxides, anrl:rrnrnonia, rvhich are t1,pi-cal b,l.products of the aerosol-gene ratillc reaction. Actualcrlncentrations of these bl.products clepend on thechemical cornpo,sitiotr of the solicl aerosol-fornring com-potrncl ancl coolant, eneineering clesign of the aerosolgeneraters, and c<l t rc l i t i< lns in thc cnclosure rrndcr pro-te ction. This particular consicleration is ftrrther addlesseclin Annex C.

(6) Thnmal Hazard. Acot'tdensecl aerosol discharqes at eleratedternperatures. Depending on the intenclecl applicirtion(s) ofttre aerclsol sl'.stcnr, thc tenrperatrrre aucl rninimltur clearance fi'<;rn the clisch:ugc <lutlet arc spe cificrl b1'the rnanrrf.rc-turers of the aelosol generators. hnnrediatelv after clis-charge, aerosol gencrrlt()Ix carn be hot; thcrefi>r'e, protectivegloves should be rvom b,v personnel hanclling generators af-ter discharge.

2006 Edition

20r0-22 FIXED AEROSOL FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SS;TEMS

(7) Iryt ltrihtion. Direct contact with the piirticles being dis-ch:rrgecl fiom a system czrn rcstrlt in in-itation, tearing,and btrnring of the eyes. Expostrre of the 1>owclered aero-sol to the eyes should be avoiclecl. This particular consid-eration is addresserl in Anne x ().

A.5.2,4 See Annex C for toxicity infbrrnation.

A.5.2.4.2 Reference is rnacle to EPA/600 /*90/066F.

A.5.2.5 Such safet.v nleasures can include btrt are not l iruiteclto persorlrlel training, goggles, auclio clel'ices, floor-mounteddirectional l ighting, evacuation plans, and exit dril ls.

Sec Anncx (l fbr recltrcecl visibil in, itrformation.

A.5.2.7.2 The steps and safesuirrcls necessary to prevent in-jrrn, <lr cleath to personncl in zrrcas lvhosc atnrclsphe res will bcrnarcle hazardorrs by thc clischargc r>r therrnal rlccompositiclnof aeroscll ager)ts can include thc firl lorving:

(1) Provision of adequate aislervays ancl rotrtes of exit andpror:e<lurcs to keep the nr clcarr at all t irnes.

(2) Provisi<>n of err)ergencv lighting ancl rl irectionarlsigns asnecessary to ensure quick, safe evacnation.

(3) Provision of alarrtrs in such areas that lvil l ope rarte imrne-diatelv on cletection of the fire .

(4) Provision of onlv outr+'arcl-swingiug, self-closing doors atexits fi<ur hazard<ltrs lrreas irnrl, r,l 'here such doors arel:rtchecl, provision of pirnic harclwrre.

(5) Pr-ovisirln of cotttinrr()us alarrns at cntriurces t<> such areasrmtil the aunospherc ha.s bcen restorerl to nonnal.

(6) Provision of rvarnin.q ancl instnrction si.qns at entl-allcesto ancl insicle sttch areas. These signs shoulcl inform per-sons in or entering the protectecl are:r that nn aerosolsvstern is installed and shotrld contain aclditional instruc-tiorts perti l lcr)t to the con<lit ions of the haz:rrrl.

(7) Provision firr the pr<>mpt <tist:over), :rncl rescrrc of pcr-sons renclered unconsciotrs in such areas. This shotrld beaccomplished bv having such areas searched irnrnedi-ately bv traine cl personnel eqtrippecl with prope r breath-ing ecltripmcnt. Sclf-contained breathing eclrriprr)entanrl persorrnel trained in it-s rrsc arncl in rescue pr-actices,incltrding cardioptrlmonary resnscitation (CPR), shotrlcll>e reaclil,v available.

(B) Prol' ision of instnrction ancl clri l ls for all peruonnel in or'in the licinity of strch areas, including maintenance orcortstrlrction pcoplc who cor.rld bc brorrght into the arrea,t() ensure thcir correct act.i()r) u'hen itn aerosol systernoPerates.

(9) Provision of rnc2lns firr prornpt r.e ntilation of such arcas.Forcecl ventilation r.l'ill often be necessar-''. Care shouldbe taken to readily dissipate hazardotrs atmospheres andn<lt merclv move thcm to an()ther location.

(10) Prohibi t ion against srnoking unt i l the atmospherc hasbcen dctcrnrine<l to bc fiec of'the arerosol agel)t.

(11) Follolving a svstern clischalqe, rernoval, in accorclancewith the rnanufacturer's l 'ecomrnenclations, of the aelo-.sr>l that has sct t ler l . Protect ive c loth ing, inc luding gl<>r 'esancl goggles, shorrlcl be rvorn. A respirator or rnask can berequirc<1.

( l2) Provisicln of strch othe r steps :urd sirfeguards that ;r care-ful stuclv of each particular situation inclicates is neces-sary to prevent injtrry or cleath.

L.5.2.7.3 Acertain anlount of leakage from a protected space toadjirccnt areas is anticipzrtecl dtrring and follon'ing agelrt dis-charge. Consicleration shoulcl be .qiven to agerlt concenu?tiorl

[r'hen above dre no observed aclverse effect level (NOAEL) ],

2006 Edition

dccornposition prodtrcts, products of combtrstion, ancl rclativcsize ctt'adjacer)t spaces. Aclclitional cronsiclemtion shorrlcl be givento exltaust padrs w{ren dre enclostrre is opened or letrtecl after adischarge.

A.6.2;3.2 Storage containers shorrlcl not be exposed to a firein a nl:rnner likel,v to im1>air systeln perforrnance.

A.6.2.4.3.1 I ndepcrrclen t in.\pection ancl ccrtif icitt icll l are rcc-ommendecl.

.d6.4;l. l In Canacla. refer to ULCI S524-Mgl and ULC S52$M87.

A.6.4.5.3 A telephone shotrlcl be locaterl nczrr the alxrrt switch.

A-6.4.5.6.2 Hazards associated with fastgrotvth fires woulclincltrde btrt not be lirnitecl to flamrnable liquicl storase or'transfbr and aero,sol filling area.s.

A-6.4.6 Acciclental clischarge can be a significant factor inrtttwantcd ae rosol agerlt ernissiotrs. Ecluiprnent lockout or scr-vice discor)nects can be instrumental in preventir)g false dis-charges when the zrero.sol agent .sy.stetn is lteing tested or-.ser-vicecl. In acldition, sen'icine of air-conclitioning s,r.stems withthe release of refri.qerant aerosols, solclering, or turning elec-tric plenrrrrr heaters on for the finst time arfter a long pcriod ofbeing idle corrld trip tl-rc acrosol svstern. !! 'here uscct, aneqtriprnent sen'ice clisconnect switch shoulcl be r:f the keyecl-:lccc$s rypc if extcrnal t.o thc c()lttr()l panel, or it can be atoggle type if it is within the locke cl control panel. Either qpeshoultl annunciate at the panel lvhen in the out-of-sen'icernode. Writtcn procecltrres shorr[<l be estzrbli.stred fclr t itkingthe acroscll systcm orrt of scn,ice .

L.7.4.2.1 As a minimurn, the listing pr()grarnr shall c<>nfirnnto tlre applicable requirernents of UL 2127 or UL 2166, or theequivalent.

A.7.4.2.2 As a mitritnrrnt, the listing progr:rnr sh:rl l confbrrrrto the applicable reqtdrernents of UL2l27 or UL 2lti6, or theeqrrivrrlr:nt.

A-7.6 Becatrse meastrring the concerltl 'atiotl rrf the actualaerosol presents certain cliff iculties, other phvsical propertiesproptlrti<>nal t.<; t.he aeroscll, strch as <>1>tical tr;rnsrnitLrnce , canbe nreasttrecl, ploviclecl acleqtrate caliltration between such

I)ropertics :rncl aerclsol cc,rnccntration can tre cffectecl. Therneastrt-ing techniqtrc, proceclrrre, arnd calibration nrethodshall l>e enclorsecl bv an ap1>ropriate authoriiy*.

A-8.2.3.1 The ctrrrcntly pref'errerl rnethod is to trse a blorver<loor fan unit and srnoke pencil.

A-S.2.5.1(4) For elcctrically actuatecl relcelse ntechanisnrs,these delices c;rn incltrcle 24 V l:unps, fl irshbulbs, or circrdtbreaket's. Pnetrnratically acttratecl release rnechanisms can in-cltrde pressrlre gauges. Refer to the manufactru'er's l'econ]-menclations in all cases.

furnex B Toxicity Information

This a.nn,ex is not a part of the rcquiremtnts of this AFPA doatmentbut is inclurledfor informational lturposes onl\.

B.l l)csign rcqrrirernents of the pou,dcrc<l aerosr>l firc sup-pressallls are such that the pal't icles ntust be l0 prtr forruaxi-rnrun eft'ectiveness. Parrticles of this size arc erble to l le inhalecl,tlurs rrtaking pote)rtial exposrlre to the respiratory systeu) (na-sal passages, trachea, bronchus, and terminal bronchioles) a

ANNEX B 20t0-23

Thble B.l(a) Locations and Mechanisms of Deposition of Particles in the FlumanRespiratory Tract and Postdeposition Clearance Tirmes

Particle Size (pm)Mechanism of

Deposition Location Clearance Mechanism Clearance Time

> 1 05-10l-i)

< l -2 .5

ImpactionInrpactionSeclimentatiotrDiffusion

NasopharvngealNasophanngearlTrache obr-onchiolarAlve olar

Mrtcocil iary transp( )rtMrrcocil izrry triursport\{trcociliarv transportAlveolar ntacrophage

Hotrrs t<l claysHorrrs t<l davsHours to weeksHotrrs

concern. For cxarnrplc, in hnm:rns, particlcs of sizc 5 pm to

30 prn are typically deposited in the nasopharrngeal (nose

ancl throat) region due to irnpaction, while particles ranging

frorn 1 lrrn to 5 prn rvill deposit l>y seclirnentation within the

trachea (winclpipe ) :rnd brotrchiolar (lolve r ltrng) regiotr. Par-ticles a1>proxinrating I 1rm will clif l iue intc> the alveolar region(gas exchange irrea) and can :rffect gas exchzrnge and bc zrl>sorbed into the blooclstream. The location of particle settl ing

has :r lirrye effect on lvhat hapJrens to thc particle firllowingexpostrre and the types of adverse effects it nri.qht catrse. Forexanrplc, particles dep<,rsiting in the upper trzrsal passaefcs can

be snecze<l or brcatherl otrt, lvhile those in the nasopharvn-geal and tracheobronchial regions are ren)ovecl ria mtrcocili-

ary tr?urslxrrt [r ' ia the thrca<llikc fi-ingcs (cil ia) on cells l inirrgthese reeions of the lespiratorl 'svstenr]. Although the cltu'a-

tion of exposrlre in an accidental re le ase is ve 11'short (<5 min-utes), the laryc arn()unts of aerosol releaused bv the strppress:.rnt

rnechirnisrn sug.gests that cxpostrres to zrcrosol cornp()ncnts u'ill

bc high. Furtheq bccartusc clcarnnce <lf the de1>ositccl merteriarldoes not occrlr rapidly (e.g., r.r'ithin cla.vs to we eks), the potential

exists for injtuy even though the exposure timr is very short.

Table B.l(a) shows thc locations fbr deposition basecl on

particle size ancl tlre clearrrnce mechanisnts anrl clearaucetimes for clcpositccl particles.

Porvderecl aerosols irre npically cotnposecl of rntrltiplesolrrble ancl insoltrble conrpouncls. As sttch, acute inhalationexposrlre to vcr)'high concentratious of thesc cornpoulrds c:ul

induce a valiety of adverse effects in hrtmans. Therefote, alirnited battery of toxicigv tests is required to <leternrine thca1>propriateness of the polvclerecl aerosol svstenl for trse in oc-

cupied spaces. These tests are the follorving:

(l) Draize Eye Initation ftsl. This irssay, rtsitrg a rabbit tnoclel, iscrrrrcntlv re c()[rrnenrle<l f<lr ass:ryitrg the J)()tential f<rr evc

irritation (rcversible <:ve efl 'ccrs) ancl corrosion (irrevers-

ible damage to eye tissue) after exposure to ir variety of

toxicants.

(2) Statir Acu.te Inhalatiott Toxicitl ?.s1. This assay is desigtre d torlcterrnine the acrrte toxicirv r>f an actual exposrrrc tcl thc

powdcred aerosol allcnt at its design c()ncentration, Thetest as.says the potential for suffocation ancl immecliate

ptrlrnonary rcsp()lrses in thc te.st anirnal in<Irrced bv both

insoluble ancl soluble particles in the porvclerecl aerosol.

Becatne exposure in this test is l imited to a very shortper iocl (e.g. , l5 minrr tes) , i t is necessr l ry t ( ) model exp(>sure to the powclered aero.sol at its tlesigl) concentrirtiotr.

Doing so ensrrrcs that the <lesign c-or)centration has bce n

acleqrmtel,v tested with regard to inune<liirte adverse effects(e.g., strffocation).

(3) Additional' lbxicity Ib.sts ru lvecded.In the evcnl th:rt a pou'-derccl aerosol t:orrrprises conrl)()nenLs lvith ru)kr)()wn t()x-icity, it can be appropriate to conduct a nlore extensiveinhalation toxicity test to cletennine potential effecls, par:ticularly if the design concer)tration cannot be irchievedor closely approximatecl in the static toxicity test. An ex-arnplc of an :rdditionarl test is the acutc inhalation limit.test, which rrses a 4-hour exl)osrrre clur:rtion.

It is irnportant to havc cLrtir ()n thc acrody'trarrrtic properticsof the powclerecl aerosol Ie.g., the mass rnedian aerod]rrarniccliarneter (M\,IAD) and geome tric stanclard deviation, ogl.The.se values are r)ecesszu,-v to cletcrrnine rvhere thc particlescatt deposit rvithin the airwi'rvs of'a roclent rnodel ancl in apolerltially exposecl hurnan. These valtres are inrportant be-cai lsc the larger the nr t rn l>cr of part ic les (arrd t l t t ts incrcasedtotal rnass) capable of penetratine the ltrng, the greater theprobabiliw of a toxic cffect. Tablc B.I (b) prrrvides infirrmationrcgarcling areas of the hrrnran respirirtory tract wherc particu-late matter can be deposited follon'ing expo.sure.

Thble B.l(b) Deposition of Particles in the ffumanRespiratory Tract as a Function of Particle Size

ExtrathoracicPdrticle Size (Nose and

(pm) Throat)

PulmonaryTracheo Region (Gasbronchial Exchange)

> 1 05-102.l-it<2.5

YcsYesYesYes

N<,rYesl'csYes

N<rNo

SolnerYes

8.2 An appropdate protocol rr)easures the effect in a stepu'isernanncr srrch th:rt thc inte rval bcnvcen t.he l<lrvest obse nablcadvcrse efl 'cct level (LOAEL) :,rncl the no obsenerl aclverse ef-fect level (I.{OALL) is strfficiently snrall to be acceptal>le to thecolrlpetent re.qulatorv authorit)'. The EPA includes in its SNAPeralrration this aspect (of the rigor) of the test pr-otocol. (The

SNAP Prograur was originally otrtlined in 59 CIFR i3044.) Forp<>rt,clercd aelosols c-ovelcrl in this st:rntlarrl, the NOAEI- anclI-()i{EI- are bnsccl ()l) aclrte prrlnronary toxicit},. Thr: rne:rstrre<lenclpoints can include suffocation, pulmonary edema, inflarn-nreition, zrnrl er mpiacl of othcr cellular rcrsp()nse.s, srrch as cy.tokine activation.

8.3 Becausc plrhnorrarl ' resp()l 'rses in ;rnitnal nrodcls firl low.ing inhalation exposures to high conccntrati<:trs r>f'particrrlatcmatter can cliffer substantially from that in htuttans, it is nec-essary to extrap<llatc tht: rcsp()nse in thc anirnal nroclel to th:rtof a hurnan under the sarne exposure conclit ions. In this re-gard, an appropriate closirnetn moclel, such as the Regional

2006 Edition

20L0-24 FIXED AEROSO L FI RE-EXTIN GU I S FI IN C; SYSTEN,IS

Deposited Dose Fi;rtio rnodel [ ] or the Multiplc Path ParticleDosimctry modcl [2] should be uscd. These mr><lels allorv theextrapolation betr.r'een inhalation corlcelltrations in anirnalmodels to that of a htrman to predict responses at particular'exp()srrre conccntr:rtiotts.

8.4 Sonre cornporlents of powdel'ed aerosols can have thep<ltc ntii l l for indrtc i n g ex trarcspi rarto rv svstcmic toxic in'. Th isrneans that thcy clo not carr.se toxicity to the respiratclry systeurbut insteacl result in an aclverse effect to allother organ (e.e.,l iver, kidnels, cctrtr:rl ncl-\ '()l ls systcm) firl lowing uptake intcrthe bocly's circtilatory s''stenr. Examples of extrarespiratorytoxicants are 1>ntassitrrn carbonate, p()tassiurn brornicle, anclsodiurn bicarrbonate . Exposrrrc conce)rtrations shoulcl l>e corn-pared to knor,nr occupational lirnits set by a1>propriate govern-ing bodies. For example , short-terrn exposnre lirnits (STELs)can be available for these chemicals and shotrld be tsecl tocleternrine whether indiviclual components of the aerosol canposc a ri.sk to hrruran lrcalth lollorvirrg aclrtc zrccidenul exp()-srrrc. Fr.rrther, ar)v available toxicitl, infbnnartion ()rl t.he zrerosolcornponents, combtrstion 1>rodtrcts (for condensed aerosols),()r treicc gases shorrlcl be rrsed to rletermine the potential fortoxic efflects follorving strclt an aclrte exposure. When revielv-ing the toxicity data, the foctm shotrlcl be on the target or:gan(s) ancl rnost sensitivc effects. For those c()nrporrxls lvithlimite<l ()r no avarilable toxicify data, :r reasr>nable slrrr()[iatccompound (i.e., stnrctrrrallv similar compotrncl) shortlcl berrsed.

B.5 References.

( l) EPAIOOO/*\)O/O66F, Rcgional DeJrositcd [)ose Ratio Pro-glurm in "Methocls for f)erivation of Inhalation Reference( loncentrat ions and Appl icat i< ln of Inhalat ion Dosi l t -etn'," October 1994.

(2) CIIT/RIM, Chernical Inchrstrv Institute of Toxicology,/Nationerl Instittrte for Prrblic Health and thc Environrncnt,Multiplc Pirtir Particlc Dosimctry Model, VI.0, Octoirer2002.

Annex C Reduced Vsibility Information

'l'hi.s annex is nol, n part rl'the requirvnw'nts oJ'lhis NlH| rktcurnen.t

but is irtrlurled .fb'r inforntational ptrposes ortl:y.

C.l Itr the fire protection se ctcrr, safeqv and health clel>end onan indir.idual's ability to escape a fire hazarcl. This ability couldbe irnpaired if a fire suppressarlt has an irnmecliate toxic effector dccreases thc visibil ity neccssnry to exit an occrrpied spacc.Thesc firctors czrn :rlso pose risks in a nonfire sitrrirt ion. Visibil-iw is of particulal' concerll rvhen porvdere d aerosols are rned.The following clisctrssion prorides guidauce to assist in thecharacterization of visibil iw. Atrthorities having .jurisdictionmight wish to consider this infonnation when 3s56s5i'crporvde red-aerosol fire extingr"rishers fcrr occupiecl spirces.

C.2 Assessing Visibility for a Powdered Aerosol: A Model Approach. To ensrrre that polrcle red-aerosol proclucLs will rneet therisibiliry requirernents of the appropriate organizations, a briefassesslnent of visibility ratinss as fi.urctions of concentlation ofagent ancl parrticle siz-t: is prrx'idccl. Table O.2 provicles zrn esti-rn:rte of the di.stzlnces :rn itr<lividual can see in a sp:rcc where apoH,dered-aerosol fire extiugrrisher has l>een discharged in theabsettce of a fire. The clistances:lre based on a st:rndard cc>ntra.stvalue of 0.02 for Particulate rnattel'with a given mass meclianaerodyrramic cliameter (MN[A,D) at varying concer]trations, un-

2006 Edition

tler strnlight conclitions. If the rele:r.se of the p<"rrvclcred aerosolrcstrict-s visibility itr a room t<l I nl ()r less, rcenginccringpowdered-aerosol slstems to irnprove visibility can be pnrdent.Maniptrlating particle size and concentration to illcrease risibilityirlxrvt-' I m is rccornnrencled becattse mitneuvering arotrnrl ot>

.jects in a roorn to fincl an exit woulcl be extrernel,v- problcrnatic ifvi.sion is rcstricted to less than I nr.

Thblc (1.9 shows thart visibiliw is a st-r-ong function of the pow-clerecl aerosol's concentration and MI\{AD. As the M}[AD of theaerosol deviates (i.e., increases or decreases) from 0.6 pm ancltlte conccntnrtion of the powclercd acrosol rcrnains constilnt, therisibilitv hr the space improves. Aclclitionally, as the collceno'ationof thc rcle:used powclered arerosol increases, thc r,isibilitv in thespace clcr:reruses.

The nrodel is based on daylight conditions ancl rnisht notprecisely correspon(l to visibil ity in rnachinery sp:rces withoutnattu'al light; however, the tnodel can still be trsecl as an al>proximi,rlc g:nrgc f<rr these r:ircrrmstanccs. Nnte that if l ightirrgis srrbsLrntially lrclorv daylight conrlit ions, then thc vnlr.res irrTable C). ! svele5linrat e r.{sibiliry*.

C.3 Design of the Model. This rnoclel is based on the standardvisrral r:rnge forrnnla artd N{ie t}rcory (Mie thcory i.s arnathe rnatical-physical theorv of the sr:irttcring of elcctrorn:rg-netic radiation by spherical particles.) [] The follorving stan-dard vistral range fonnula is basecl on wpical aerosol distlibu-tion in strnlight ancl the statrdirrd vistr:rl colrtr:lst:

, 1200- , = - C

whe re:1, , = v is ib i l i ty (knr)C,' = the concentl?tion of the aerosol particles

lirg/rns) fcrr particles n'ith MMAD fallin.q in thererllgc: ()f 0.1 1un to I ltrrr

Figtrre C.3 is based on Mie scattering ancl shows how tltearnorll lt of l i.qht scattel' ir)g, rrprrsel)ted by a scattering coeffi.-cient, is clependent on particle MMAD. The figlre shorvs horvsolar l ight at sea level, t 'hich has its peak wavclengttr in therange 0.4 lrrn to 0.6 prn, is rnost cflct:tivclv scatterecl try p:rr-ticles r,r' ith sinrilar dimensions (i.e., 0.4 pm to 0.6 prn in cliam-e ter). T'irr.s, l ight is less eff'e ctivcly scirttcrerl by particlcs whosesize is lat'qer or smallel' thatr this optinlal size rirnse, ancl theresultitrq visibilitv irnproves. Thtn, the visibility for a powde reclaero.sol i.s :rpproxilnated \'ar firnction of the cor)ccr)tr?rljt>n, a.ssholvn by the stanclirrcl r"isual ran.qe fonntrla, ancl the particleMMAD firr a given charactcristic standirrcl <listribution of sol:trl ight is based on Mie scatterir)s functions.

The scattering coefficient has been calculatecl ancl is shor,rrrin Figure C.3 firr a given char:rcteristic standzrr<l rl istributi<ln ofsolirr l ight basecl on Mic scatterilrg ftrnctiorts rx'cr tvpicalgrounrl level visual wavclcngths (0.3ti pm t() 0,(itt pnr) firr atlpicatl refiactive in<lcx r>l' 1.5.

C.4 Potential Settling Rates and the Effect on Visibility. Thescatterins rnodel describecl in Section Cl.3 does not includeany arljrrstrrle l lt for the velociry at lr 'hich the particle..s settle . Ifthe particle s settle qtrickly, the conce ntration of the 1>owde re claerosol in the air decreases and visibil itv increa.ses. Table Cl.4showi scttl ing velo<:itv for spheric:rl p:rrticles base<l rln Stokeslarv :ln<l adjrustmcnts I 't>r' f i- iction zrncl slip corrcctions. Thetable shows that ove r the tirne pe riod of interest (<10 mintrtes)the vast rnajoritv of particlcs rvil l renrain suspcndecl f<rr pirr.t icles with MMAD <10 pm. Fire strppressarlt systems tend notto use particles having Mltq.D >10 ptn because the particles

ANNEX CI 2010-25

Thble C.2 Visibilitv as a Function of Particle MMAD and Concentration

Visibility (cm) at Varying ConcentrationsParticleSize

MMAD(pm)

10,000mE/mt

l0 1,000mg/m3 rng/rng

20,000 30,000 40,000rng/rnz rng/rn3 mg,/m3

50,000 70,000 90,000 I10,000 130,000m1/rns mg/rns ng/mt mg/ms mg/rn3

l0 2i15,600.0 2,856.09 248,400.0 2,484.0B 207,600.0 2,076.07 L77,600.0 1 ,776.06 156,000.0 1,560.0i) 139,200.0 1,392.04 123,600.0 1,236.03 u4,000.0 1 ,140.02 81,600.0 816.0I 2ir,200.0 252.00.8 15,600.0 156.00.6 12,000.0 120.00. t 163,200.0 1 ,632.0

285.6248.4207.6177 .6156.0139 .2123 .6I 1 4 . 08 1 . 625.21 5 . 612.0

163.2

t42.8124.2103.888.i]78.069.66L857.040.812 .6

/ . t t6 .0

8 1 . 6

95,282.B69.259.252.046.44r.238.027.28 .45.24.0

54.4

7 ] t 462.151 .944.439.034.830.928,520.46 ,33.9:i.0

40.8

57.r49.741.535.53 l . 227.824.722.816 .35.03.12.4

32.6

40.rJ3ir.52s.725.422.319 .917.716. : it t .73 .69 9

t . 723.3

3t.727.623.1le .777.315 .513.7t2.79 .12.8t . 71 . 3

tB .1

26.0 22.022.6 l9. llB .9 16 .016.1 13.7t4.2 12.012.7 10.7I 1 . 2 9 . 5I0 .4 8 .87.4 6 .32 .3 t . 9t . 4 t . 2t . t 0 .9

l 4 .B 12 .6

agglornerate ancl fall out of srmpension, rendering the fire strp-prcssar)t less eff'ectivc. Thercfore, since the settl ing velocitiesarre rninirnal for the size particles rrsecl in fire suppressants, thesettl ing velocig' ' n'i l l not .significantly alter the r.isibil it ies pre-scntccl in Table (1.2.

C.5 Methods for Increasing Visibility and Ability to ExitSpace. If the visibil ity resulting fiorn nsc ofa fire strppressant is<I m, then rnitigating activitics sh<>rrlcl bc perfonnecl to in-crea.se :r person's abiliry t() sec thc location of thc exit in theprolectecl space aftcr thc porvdere<l aerosol cxtingrrisher hasbeen <lischargecl. I l{ethods for increasing visibil iw incltrde re-engineering the pow(lerecl aerosol, clesigning the lighting andspircc to conform rvith physicirl properties of thc powcleredaerr>sol, ancl tr;rining the occrrpal)ts to locate thc exits in theevcl)t clf a clisch;rrge .

C.6 Engineering Powdered Aerosol According to the Model.One ray to increase the visibiliw resrrlting fi'om use of a pou.clcrc<l aer<lsol is to engineer thc fire .srtppressant so that thescatterins of light is minimizecl. Light scattelins cal) lle re-drrcerl by nraniprrlati ng pirrticle .sizt: :rncl c()ncell tratiorr :rnd b,vchor>sing chemicarl cr>rrstitrrents with lon rcfrirctive inclexes.

Thble C.4 Aerosol Settling Velocity for Spherical Particlesin Ait

MMAD(pm)

Settling Velocity(cmls)

0 . I(t.20.5t . 02.05 .0

l 02050

0.0000tr60.000230.00100.003ir0 .0130.0780 . 3 II . 27 .6

12

1 0

G : d i" | \ c-at '

C.7 Manipulating Particle Size and Concentration. Calctrla-tions resrrlt ing from thc Mie scattcrittg visibil ity modt:l pre-sctittrd in tlris annex inclicate that a visibil ity of I m ()r Dl()I 'ecalr be achievecl bv increasing the MMAD particle size above0.( i prn an<l nrainta i t r i r rg c()r )ccntrat ions below 30,(XX) r r rg, / r r r3(sce Thbb C.2). Ad.itrsting the particle size below 0.6 prn alsoincreases visibil ity btrt nright not bc f-easible ftrr rnost fire sup-pression systems. Engineers slrotrlcl manipulater particle sizeand tlesign concel)tration to rnaxirnize visibilit,v in an occu-pied space n4rile rnaintaitring the 1>orvderecl aerosol's abil iq' toeffectively extingtrish the fire .

C.8 Accounting for Refractive Index. The refractive index(i.e., the change in directiorr of' l ight pirssing through the sul>stattce ) of a particle also can infltre nce visibilitv. This refi'activeindex inclrrdes both scattering ancl absorl>tion of l ight. If thepafticular powdered aerosol of concern has a relativelv lowrefractive index (e.g., 1.2), then assuming spherical particles,thc particles would be apJrroxinr:rtcly five tirncs less efl-ectivc inscitttering light than $pical atrnospheric arerosols. Oonvcrscly,if ir porvderecl aerosol has a refractive iuclex of 1.8, then for.splrt:rical ;rcro.sols the .scattcring rvt>ulrl bc fir 'e tirncs greartcr-.Fire nrppressallts containing porvdered aerosols with a lolv re-fractive inclex y'ield be tter visibiliqr in the space than th<-rse with

o* l -C E. o o. 9 rE oo t r( J <

, = L

. 9 . ': i o) \ F

a x(5

00.01

Particle MMAD (pm)

FIGURE C.3 Mie Scattering. (Source: Friedlande4 Smohe,Dust, and Haze: Fundamentals of Aerosol Dyntnics, Figure 5.8.)

1 01 . 00 . 1 0

20OO Edition

2010-26 FIXED AEROSOL FIRE-EXTINC;U ISHIN C; SYSTEMS

a higher refi 'active index. Thcrefbrc, choosing chemic:rls (i.e.,porvclered aerosols) nith a low refractive index for use in a firesuppressant is one rreans of increasing the lisibil ity resultin.qfiorn these typcs of nrateri:rl.s.

C.9 Designing the Ughting and Space to Conform with Physi-cal Properties of the Powdered Aerosol. Visibiliry* in a roornrvhere a por,r'dered aerosol has been clischarged can also be in-<:reasecl by carefirl design of the environment in lvhich the fireextingrrishcr is tusecl. Throtrgh utiliz:rtion of lights witlr sJrecificrravelcngth.s, r.rtlrer than rvhite light, ancl a roorn dcsigr-r thert prc>virles easily accessible exits, the chirnces ftrr escape fiorn a roomrvhere a powderecl aerosol lras been <lischaryecl can be inrprovcd.

C.l0 Utilizing Light of Specific Wavelengths and Photolumi-nescent Marking Systems. Light is rnost efI'ectivcl,v scattere<l b,va particle size that is the sanre clirnension as rlte inciclent l iglrt.As the rvavelength of l ight cleviates fiom the size of the pow-rlcrccl rterosol clistributecl in thc arir, intcrferer)ce bctwccn tlrepalticles ancl the light clecreases and visibiliqv increases. Be-cause powclerecl aerosol prodrrcts each have their own MMADancl refi'active inclex, each fire suppressant will have particularw;rve lengths of l ight that penetrate throrrgh its sr-r-spende<l par-ticles with minimal scatterir).q. It is tirerefore possil>le ro l'e-search the clifferent t)?es of light rhar can be used in the occu-

1>ied s1>aces and cletermine rvhich tqre of lighting is best striteclfbr usc rvith a partictrlar powcle rcd ae rosol. For cxanrple , rner-cury or sodiurn \,?por lantps can im1>rove visibiliry dependingon particle size.

During irn emetgency situation in u'hich ir powclerccl alero-sol fire extinguisher is released, electrical or battery-powerccll ighting systcrns can be unreliable. In anticipation ofpowerfailrrre in emergencv sitrrirt iot)s, a phot<tlurnincscent floor-lighting slistern lras lteen developcd ;rs an alternntive to tradi-tional l ighting. PhotolumiltescenI l ighrs, originally usecl inr))arl!' of Norway's hyclropower plants and the unclergrouuclfacil it ies of Oslo's airport, arc nol{ consiclerecl for use in high-rise t()wel's ancl in pl:rnes to prr>r'icle elne rgencv lighting. [2J

Aclclitionallyl an Iil{-sponsoled stucly testecl the efficacy ofa photoluminescent escape path-rnarkirlg system in an air.plane . Dtrring a nighttime e\?cuation scenario in a cabin with-otrt irlentif ier l ights or i l luntinated signs (to nrimic srnoke-obscuring conclitions in the cabin environment frorn theceiling to 4 ft above the cabin floor), both zinc strlf icle andstron ti rrrn zrlurninartc photol uminscerlt rnarki ng syste rns &'eretcsted. Thesc materials absorb et)crgy frt>rn natrrrirl l ight andthe pl:rne's standarcl aircraft l i.qhting. f 'hen, in enrergencysituations, when all other l ighting is extinguislr.ecl, the photo-Irrrninescent .s)'stcr) ernits thc cnelgy,:rs l isiblc l ight. The FAAstu<ly conclr,rdecl that the strontiurn alunrinate system, thoughit charges nrorc slcnvly than thc zinc srrlf i<lc lnerterial, enritsrnore light anrl provicles aclcqu:rte l ighting to mark a path ofegress. [3] Thrus, a plrotolrrrnincscent floor-rnarking systerrrr vo r r l r l p ( ) t cn t i a l l ) ' hc lp i l r rna rk ing an ex i t r ( ) l l l e i r r a sccnar i t>involving powrlerecl irerosol clischiiryc. The cftbctiveness ofsuch a systeln rvotrld depe ncl on the polvclered aerosol concen-tration irnd particle size distribtrtion.

C.lI Decreasing Distance to Exits. The roorns ilr whichporvclcrcd-aerosol firc extingrrishers arre rrsecl cnn be clcsigncdstrch that the clistance to the nearest exit is as short as possible.Other designs to consider :tre olles in lvhich the distance toany rvall that lcads to an cxit is rninirn izecl. A ro<,rnr constnrctcrlin this manner rvor.rld allorv onc t() see wcll enorrgh to get t.<-rthe u'all ancl then feel his or her rvay to the closest exit.

2006 Edition

C.12 Training.Increasing thc abiliqv r-rf an individtr:rl to exit aspirce where a p<>u'dcrecl arcnrsol h:rs been re le:r.sed can also beachievecl throueh training of the space

's occrU)a))ts. Workers

who occtrl>y areas in rvhich powclered-aerosol fire extingtrish-ers a)'c l)resent shotrld bc trainccl on hcxv t() react in the eventthzrt thcre is an accidentzrl relc:ue of thc firc strppressant. Pcr-sonnel slroul<l bc rnade a$rare ofthe locations of all thc exit.s:rnd the clistance artd rl irection of all cloonvals ancl t>therlnealls of ep;ress, even when a view of the exits is obscured bythe released powderecl aerosol.

C. I 3 Recommended Testing Procedures. After consiclerationof modeling ancl engineering adjtrstments identified in thisanncx lcarls to :r cleterminirtion that thc pow<lered aerosol islikcly to meet visibil ity standards, therr ph,vsic:rl tcsting of vis-il l i l iq' shoulcl be performecl. A ney>helometer can be usecl tomeasrlre visibil iW. Ustrally use<l to asse.ss visuirl arir qtmliry orpartictdate matter concerltrations in air', a nephelometer nrea-strres the extinction of l ight, lvhich is clepenclenr on both the.scattcring and the absorptinn of l igirt over s()nle distance. [4]Using []rc scattering coe Ii lcie nt pr<>vicled by rhe ncphcl<xrctcrand the rlesign concentration, the visibil iry resulting frorn thedischarge of thc powdcred acrosol can bc assessccl.

C.l4 Refer€nces.

( I ) D. ()lover, .f r. , ecl. Diction aty of Terhnical Terms for AercspaceIie. NASA I-eu'is Rese:arch Ccnte r, C)level:rnd, Ohio.

(2) C.Jensen "\Ahvfincling aud Rescue in Healy Srnoke orBlackotrts: Low Tech N{arking Outpelforrn SophisticatedOoncepls." Inter(lonsnlt (irotrp ASA articlc f<>r Indu.slrialFircJotrn.al GJ 9.11, 1999.

(3) DOT/FAA/AM-98/2, Pnfonnance Dcn,on.stration of ZincSulfifu and Strontiu,m Alumina,ta Photoluminescntt Floor Prox-intity Escape Path Ma.rking.S'ystrrns. Office of Aviation N{edi-cinc, \Ahshington, D(1, Febrtrarv l99tl.

(4) J. Parikh "Nepchelonrcter Proceclrrre ." \Vzushington StarteI)epartment of EcolotT, Air Qualitv Program, Febnrary2 { X ) l .

Annex D Informational Refenences

D.l Referenced Publications. The doctrrncr)ts or portionsthe reof' l istecl in this arlncx ;rrc ref-crcnced u,ithin thc infi lrrna-tional srctions of this stanclard ancl are not part of the requile-lnents of this docurneut trnless also listed in Chapter 2 forother leasons.

D.l.l NFPA Publication. National Fire Protection Associa-t i<rn, I Bat tervrnarch Park, Quincv, MA02l69-7471.

NI-PA 2001, Sta'ntkml on Olean ,\sen.l l;ire h)xtingui.shing Sr-s-tems.2004 eclit ion.

D. l.Z Other Publications.

D.l.2.l ASTM Publication. Amcrican Society firr 'fesring andMatcrials, 100 Barr Harbor Drivc, \A/est Oonslrohockcn, PA19428-2-r'59.

ASTM E ll9, Sta,nrlrurl'lbst Method.s fin' l;ire'lbsts oJ' Iluikti:,ngOon';l nrrtirn urt rl M rtleri atr, 2000.

D.1.2.2 IEEE Publication. Institute of Electrical ancl Electlon-ics Engineers, Three ParkAvenue, 17th Floor, NervYork, NY100t6-5997.

IEEE/ASTM SI 10, Standard.for (M of th,e Intrnational S\stent.of (/ntts (SI): The iVlodam fuIetic S1stenr, 2002.

ANNEX D 20t0-27

D.l.2.3 UL Publications. Unclent'r'iters Laboratories Inc., 333Pfingsten R<>:rrl, Northbrt>ok, IL 60062-2096.

tll- 2127, Stanfutrdfor Innt Gas Cban Agcnt Extin.gu.islting Sys-tem Linits,1999.

UL 2l66, Stunrkrnlfor Halot:rtrhon Cl,ertn Agen.t lixtinguishingS,ystmr tb?ir-r, 1999.

D.1.2.4 ULC Publications. IJnclerwriters' f.aboratories ofCanada, 7 tlnclerr*riters Road, Toronto, Ontario, MIR 384,Canacla.

ULCI S52+Mlll, Slarularcl Jbr lhe Instalhtion of I'iru Alarrz S1s-tenn, 20O1.

LJLC S529-M87, Srnohc Detectors frr I'ire Ahryn.Sy.rlerrs, 2002.

D.f.2.5 U.S. Government Pubtcations. LI.S. CloventmentPrirrting Office, Washington, DC 20402.

EPA/600/B-90/06[iF, Regional Depositecl Dose Ratio Pro-grarm in "Mcthorls firr Derivatiorr <>f Inhal:rtion RcfercnceConcclltrations andApplication of' Inhalation Dosinretry," Oc-tober 1994.

EPA Health Effects Test G'uiclelines, OPPTS 870.1300,Actt te Inhala tio n Toxici t1',,{.u.qtrs t I 998.

Title ir9, Cocle of Federal Regrlations, Part 13044.

D. f .2.6 Other Publications.CIIT/RIMVI, (lhernic:rl Incltrstry Institrrte of bxicology/

Natior-ral Instittrte for Public Health and the Enl' ironnrent.Multiple Path Particle Dosirne try N{odel, VI.0, October 2002.

DOT/FAA /AM-98/2, Perfb'nnunce L)ernonstntlion of Zinr Sul-

Jide and St rcntium Altt m.inute P h.otohrmi n escen t l-loot' Prcxirn ity Es-ru|te Pa,th Marhing Syslenx. ltlaslrington, D(l: ()ffice of A'iationMcdicine, Febrtrary I 9-98.

Friedlander, S., Srzo,lrr, Dust, and Hazz: Fundarnm.tals of An'o-sol D171an116, 2ncl eclition. New York: Oxforcl tlniversity Press,2000.

Cllover, D.,Jt., ed. Dictionary of Tbcltnical Tntns for Anospace{.,ie. Clevelancl: NASA Leu.is Researclr Cle nte r, l96ir.

.fensen, G. "\Ah1findin.q ancl Resctre in Heaw Srnoke orBlackotrts: Low Tech Marking Outpe rfonn Sophisticate d Con-cepts." IrrterConsult Clrotrp ASA article for Industrial l.ire Joul-nn l , ( t l 9 .1 I , 1999 .

Pariklr, J. "Nepehel()nreter Prt>ce<lrrre." \\/:rshingtr>n StateI)c:partment of'Ecology, Air Qtraliry Progrirrn, Fel>rtrary 200l.

D.2 Informational References. (Resenled)

D.3 References for Extracts in Informational Sections. (Re-

served)

2006 Edition

2010-28 FIXED AEROSOL FIRE-EXTINC}UISI{INC; SYSTEMS

Index

O 2005 National Fire Protection Associirtion. All Rights Resen'ecl.

permission of NFPA.

A-60 class division

-A.

. . . . 10.4.2.3D e f i n i t i o n 3 . 4 . I . A . 3 . 4 . 1

Abor tsw i tches . . . . 0 .4 .5 .3 .7 .1 .2 .2 (23) ,A .6 .4 .5 .3

A c c e p t a n c e c r i t e r i a . . . . 1 i . 2 . 4 . 1 3

Opcr i r t iona l tes t . . . . . t3 .2 .5 .2 (8)

Acceptance, ins ta l la t ion . . . . . t J .z ,A .1J .2 .3 .1 ,A .8 .2 .5 .1 (4)

Actuating mechanism (definition) .. 3.3.1

Actua t ionsys tems . . , . . . .6 .4 . I ,A .6 .4 . 1 .1 ; s r ra lsoAt r t t - rn ra t i cac t t r i r t io r ) ;

! Iuntral actui l t iotrCor r t ro l sys tenrs anc l . . . . . . 6 .4 .4Nlar ine vesse ls . . . 10 .4 .5 , i0 . : r .4

Aerosol systems .. . . , . . .see also Clondertsecl aernsol svsterns: Dispersedaerosol s) 'sterr)sl ( lenel ir tors: Marine systenls

Personnc l , hazarc ls to . . . . . . sn ,Persor tne l , hazards to

l j s e s a n c l l i m i t a t i o n s . . . . . . 4 . 2 . 1 . 1 0 . i r . l

Mar inc vesse ls 10 .4 .1 . 10 .5 .1

Aerosols( brrclensecl

D e f i n i t i o u . . . . . 3 . 3 . 2 . 1

T o x i c i t y o f . . . . . . . . . 5 . 2 . 4 . 2 . A . 5 . 2 . 4 . 2Dispersecl

D e f i n i t i o n . . . . . 3 . 3 . 2 , 2Toxicit l ' of . . . . i r .2.4.3

Agent quanti ty .7.1.2.2(25)( l o n d e n s e d a e r o s o l s . . . . . . t i . l . l

l l e l i n i t i o n . . 3 . 3 . 3

D i s p c r s c c l a c r o s o l s . . . . . . . . 6 . 2 . 1

For cx tended c l i scharge . . 7 .7 .2

Quant i t v per conta iner ' , check o l . . . . . . . . . 9 .2 .3 , 9 .2 .1 ' r

To ta l l looc l ing s ) ' s te ln , c le te rur in ing l t r r , . . . . . . . . . . 7 .5

AgentsApplication clensitl' .see Densitl'Oonrpat ib i l i t v rv i th o ther ager ) ts . . . . . . . . . . 4 .1 , A .4 .4 .1( l o n d e n s e c l a e r o s o l s y s t e r r ) s , s u p p l v l b r . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . 1

Dispcrsed aeroso l svs ten l , s r rpp lv f 'o r . . . . . 6 .2 . A .6 .2 .3 .2 , A .6 .2 .4 .3 .1

Errvironrnental factols . . . . .sce Environrnental f ;rctorsN o n c < . l n d r r c t i v e . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . L IPersr-rnnel, hazards to . . . . . .see Personnel, hazarcls toPrirnary ageut supplv

Conclensecl aerosol s,r 'stern .. 6. l . I . If) ispersed aerosol systertt . . . . t .2. l . l

Q r r a l i t v . . . . . . 6 . 1 . 2 , 6 . 2 . 2( ] r ra r r t i t v . . . . . . r rz r r \ge11t q rn t r t i t v

Rec l ' c i ing or d isposa l o1 ' . . . . . . 9 .? . ,+ , 9 .2 .5 .2 , A4.3(3)R e c l t r c c d v i s i b i l i t v c a r r s c c l l r y . . . . . . . . . . . 5 . 2 . 1 , i t . 2 . 3 . 2 . 2 , 5 . 2 . r . > ,

A.5.2. r (4) , A.5 .2 .5Resen'e agent supplv

Clonderrsecl aerosol systel l l . 6. I . l .2D ispersed aeroso l svs ter l l . . . .0 .2 .1 .2

R e v i e w r e < l t r i r e r n e n t . . . . . . . . . 5 . 1 , A . 5 , 1L lses anc l l i rn i ta t ions . . . . . . 4 .2 .2

A larm s l ts tems . . . . . 6 .4 . i , 7 . 1 .2 .2 ( I 8 ) , 7 .1 .2 .2 (25) , A . ; .2 .7 .2 , A .6 .4 . l . I

Abor t s lv i r .ches . . . . . . . 6 . { .5 .3 . A .6 .4 .5 .3Acceptancc c r i te r ia . . f t .2 .4 .5 . l ,8 .2 .4 .6Ope la t ing a la r r l s a r rc l ind ica t ions . . . . . . 6 .4 .5 , A .6 .4 . i r .3 , 4 .6 .4 .11 .6 .1( ) p e r a t i o n a l t c s t . . . . . . . . . f t . 2 . i r . 2

Prcd ischarge . . . . . 1 - r .2 .3 , 6 .4 . i r .2 .1 , ( i .4 .5 .6 , A .0 .4 .11 .6 .1

N { a r i n e v e s s e l s . . . . . . . 1 0 . 4 . 1 . 2\4 t : r r r r i r rg s ) ' s te rns . . . . . . b .4 .5 .2 .1

Mar i r re vesse ls . . . . . . . 10 .4 .3 .4

Approval of installatiotrs . . .. ..... Chap. 8

2006 Edition

Approved (def in i t ion) . . . . . . : ] .2.1, A.3.2.1Authortty having jurisdiction (definition) 3.2.2. A.3.2.2Automatic (definition) .. . . .. 3.3.4Automat ic actuat ion . . . . . . . 6.4.1.2

Ma| i r re vessels l ( ) .4.5.4 ro 10.4.5.6. 10.5.-1. l . l0 . l - r .4.2()pct ' ; r t ional test . . . . f3.2.5.?(10)

Autoruatic detection 6.4.1.2, 6.'1.2Autornaticextinguishingunits ....4.2.1.2Automatic/manual switch (definition) ... 3.3.5, A.3.3.ir

-G

Cherrticals, use of aerosol agents on .. . . ... 4.2.2Classification for fires

( l l a s s A l l t ' c s . . . . 4 . 2 . ? ( 1 )De f in i t i on . . . . . 3 .3 .6 .1Extingtrishing application cleusiw. Class A fuels . .7.4.2.2,

7 .+ .2 .4 ,7 .4 .2 .5 .1 , A .7 .4 .2 .2(llass B fires

Def in i t ion . . . . . 3. : ] . ( i .2F.xt ingnr ishing al lp l icat ion densi t l r . ( l lass B l i rc ls . .7.+.2.1 ,

7 .4 .2 .3 . 7 .4 .2 .5 . I . A .7 .4 .2 .1Class Cl fires

I ) c l i r r i t i on . . . . . 3 .3 .6 .3!,"xlinpSrishing application clensitv, (l lass (l f irels . . 7.1.2.it

ClearrtncesElectr ical . . . . . 5.3

De f in i t i on . . . . . 3 .3 .7 .1T l rehna l . . . + .2 .4 . :1 .2 .6 .1

D c l i r r i t i o u . . . . . 3 . 3 . 7 . 2Compatibil ity of agents ... ... .. 4.4Condensed aerosol generators . . . 7.1 .2.2(12),7.7.1 .2.4

A r r a n g c m e n t . . . . . . 6 . 1 . 3S a f e t v . . . . . . . 6 . 1 . 4Therrnal htrz i r rc ls . . . . . . 5.2.1, 5.2.6, A. i r .2.1(6)I-lses ancl l irnitations . . . .. 4.2.3 to 4.2.i '>

Condensed aerosol systenrsAge t r t supp ly . . . . . . . . . 6 .1f ) i s c f r a r g e t i r r t e . . . . . 7 . 7 . 1 . 2 . 1 . 7 . 7 . 1 . 2 . 4

Condensed aerosolsCllertrances to courbustible nr:rterials ancl

rl leat)s of egress 7.1.2.2 (26)Deflnition 3.3.2.1Toxic iw of . . . . 5.2.4.2, A. :1.2.+.2

Con t r t i f sys te rns . . . . . 6 .+ .1 ,7 .1 .2 .2 ( lU ) , A . ( t . 4 .1 .1Acceptance cr i ter ia . . . . t i .2.4. 14Electr ic contro l equiprnent . . . .6.4.4.1Marine vessels . . .. l0.4.irPneirtnatic control equipurent 6.4.4.2Prirn:u1' power source, ftrnction:rl test of . .. . . 8.2.5.,1

Coolant (definition) . 3.3.tt

-D-

DefinitionsDensiW

. Ohap. 3

Design upplication 1glrn")8 .2 .2 .1 I , A .7 . ,1 .2 .1 , A .7 .4 .2 .2

(lrrnclensccl aclosol svsterns . (i. 1.1.1I )e f i n i t i on .3 .3 .9 .1 .4 .3 .3 .9 .1I)ispersed aerosol .s)stern.s . . . 6.?.1 .1Durat icur of protect ion . . . . . . . . . . 7.6. 10.4.9, A.7.6Exterrclecl discharge . ... 7.7.2

INDEX 2010-29

Health e{I'ccs 5.7.2.2Nlar ine svstenrs . . . . . . . . 10.4.7Ra te o f app l i c i r t i on anc l . . . . 7 .7 .L l ,7 .7 .1 .2 .1 to 7 .7 .1 .2 . i tTcrul flooding qrrautirr' . +.2.6. 7.ft. l

Ext ingnr is l t ing appl icat ion (g, /nr 'n) (c lc i i r t i t ion) . . . . . 3.3.9.2,4.3.3,9.2

P a r t i c u l a t e . . . . . . . 5 . 1 . 2 . 2De f in i t i on . . . . . 3 .3 .9 . : l

Detection systems . 6.4.1, 6.4.2, A.6.4.1.1Acceptance cr i ter ia . , 8.2.4.7 to 8.2.4.9IU:rrine vessels . 10.4.3.2. l0.4.irO p e r a t i o n a l t e s t . . , . . . . . 8 . 2 . 5 . 1 ( 5 ) , 8 . ? . 5 r . 2 ( I )\ \brk i r rg 1>lans . . . . . . . . 7.L2.2( 16), 7.1.2.2( 18), 7. 1.2.2 (25), 7. 1.2.3

Discharge nozzles and systems .... 4.2. l.2, 6.3.5Acccptance cr i ter- ia . . . . . 8.2.2.2.1, u.2.2.3, l l .2.2. l l to t1.2.2.7( l h o i c e a n d l o c a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . t lOlogging . ( i .3.5.4

f) ischarge t ime ancl . . . 7.7. l .2.4Dislrersecl aerost>l st'st.en)s . . .. 7.1 .2.3.1\ \ t r r k i r r g p l a n s . . . . . . . . 7 . 1 . 2 . 2 ( 1 3 ) , 7 . 1 . 2 . 2 ( l \ ) )

Discharge ports . . . 4.2.4.1,4.2.4.2Defirrit ion 3.3.10

Dischalge time . .. .. 7.7.1.2

Evacuat ion of personnel . . . . . . . . . 5.2.7.2,6.4.5.6.1 to 6.4.5r .6.3,A.5.2.7 .2, A.6.4.5.6. l ; .sar a/.so !' isibil i tr ', reduccd

Exposure to agent, unnecessary .... 5.2.2Extitlguishing agents . ...seeAgents

-F-

Fires, classification for ... .....sil, (l lassil ication {br fircsFi t t ings, p ipe . . . 6.3.3, 7.1.2.?( l ! ) )

Distr ibrr t ion s) ,stern . . . 7.1.2.3.4Nlar ine systems . . . . . . 10.4. .1.3, 10.4. .1.4- f 'hreads

. . . 6.3.3.3l i , b rk ing p lans . . . . . . 7 .1 .2 .2 (14 )

Rowcalculat ions. . .7.1.2. i rI ) i spe rse r l ae roso l svs tc t ' r ) . . . . . . . . . . . 7 .2

Fuel systems, marine, shutdown of .... l0.i l. ir. l l

-G-

Generator casings 6.1 .4.2.2.1, 6.1.4.2.2.2Dc l ln i t i on 3 .3 .13

Getrerators .. ....see also Cbnclensecl aerosol gelrelatorsA f r a n g e r n e n t . . . . . . 6 . 1 . 3( l i r o i c e a n d l o c a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . 1 Jf)efinition 3.3.12Discharge t iure and . . .7.7. I .2.4IVlark ing . . t i . l . '1 .4S c c r r r c r n e u t , m e l l r o ( l o l ' . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . 1 . 2 . 2 ( 2 2 )Llses ancl l imitzrtion. . . .. . ,1.2.3 to 4.2.5

-H-

Ha loca rbons . . . . . . .A . ' 1 .4 . IRecvc l i ng o r d i sposa l o l . . . . . . . . . . 9 .2 .+S tc , rage con ta ine rs , re te$ ts < l f . . . . . . . . 9 .3 .1 .1 .2

Health effects of extinguishing agents . . . . !r.I.2Heat-sensitive materials .. 10.4.4.{

Def in i t ion . . 3.4.2Hold t ime . . . . . 4.1.3

De l in i t i on 3 .3 .14H o s e . 6 . 3 . 1 . 4

Distribrrtion systenlTest . .

Hot workDcl in i t ion

Disconnect switchesDefirritiorr

Dispersed aerosolsDelinitior-r

Ill l l l l i:l i:dii?. . . . . . . 3 . 3 . 2 . 2

Tox ic i t v o l ' . . . . - . . 5 .2 .4 .3Dispersed aerosol systems ...... 7.1 .2.3.4

Agent suppl l ' ( i .2, A.6.2.3-2, A.6.2.4.3.1D i s c h r r r g c l i m e . . 7 . 7 . 1 . 2 . 2 t o 7 . 7 . 1 . 2 . 4Distr ibrr t ion cornponenLs . . . 6.3, 7.1 .2.2 ( l9) , 7 .1.2.2(21), 7 .1.2.3.4F lo rv ca lc t r l i l t i ons . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 .21\,{aintenance . . . .. 9.2.5 to 9.2.7Strrrage containers . . . . .s f t Storage containeLsTee desigrt fnctor fcrr ... 7.5.2.1

Distribution systerns ..see tzlso PipeDispersecl aerosol svstent . . . . . .sec Dispersecl aerosol systen)sMarine s\stems . . . 10.4. t ' tS ,vs tem des ign . . . . . . . 7 .7

Durat ion of protect ion . . . . . , . . . 7.6, A.7.6Marine systenrs . . - 10.4.9

-E-

Elec t r i ca l c learances . . . . . . . . . . . r ) . i l

Definit ion 3.3.7.1Electrical components . .. 6.i1.3.2.1

Acceptance revierv of . . . . . 8.2.,1

Ernelgerrcv porrer shrrtclorvn .. . . 7.1.2.2(23), t t .2.4. ir

[\{arine vessels

Power c : i rc : t r i t s connect ing conta ine ls . . . . . . . 10 .4 .3 .1 ] to 10 .4 .3 .6P o w e r s t r l > p l i e s . . . . . . 1 0 . 4 . 1 ' r . 4

Pc>rver supp l ies . . . . . . ( i .4 .2 .2 , 6 .4 .3 .2 .2 , i t .2 .4 .3 ,8 .? .4 .4 , f r .2 .5 .4 , 10 .4 .5 .4

l V < - r r k i n g p l a n s . . . . . . 7 . l . 2 . 2 ( 1 5 ) , 7 . L 2 . 2 ( 2 4 ) . 7 . 1 . 2 . 3Enc losures . . . . . . 7 .3

Acceptar )ce c r i te | ia . . . . t ' 1 .2 .3 ,A .8 .2 .3 . I

I n s p e c t i < - r n . . . . . . . . . 9 . 1 . 1Loss o f agent . . . . . . 7 .3 .3Mar ine vesse ls . 10 .4 .1 .1 , 10 .4 .6

Nozz lcs o rgencra tors , loca t io r . r o f ' . . . . . .7 . i1 . I

P e n e t r a t i o n s . . . . . . . 9 . 2 . 9Storage cor r t i r iners . . . . . . 6 .2 .3 .? '

T o t a l f l o o c l i n g c x t i n g u i s h i n g s y s t e r n . . . . . 4 . 2 . 6 , 7 . 3 . 1

Tra i r r ing ln r opcra t io r . rs iu . . . . . . . 9 .4 .2\ { b r k i n g p l a n s . . . . 7 . 1 . 2 . 2 ( g ) , 7 . 1 . 2 . 2 ( l 0 ) , 7 . 1 . 2 . 2 ( I t i ) , 7 . 1 . 2 . 2 ( 2 5 r )

Engines, marine, shutdovm of . . . . . . . . 10.5.4.4, l0. ir .4. irEnv i ronmenta l fac to rs . . .4 .3 . i r .1 .1 .A .4 . .3

Ext ingr r i sh i r rg agc l r t . s , rec , l r l ing or d i .sposa l o l ' . . . . . . . . l t .2 .+ ,9 .2 .7 . r .2

Impairments, aerosol systemInspections

Aerosol generatorsI lc f i r t i t ionI'lose .( ) p e r a l i o n a l c o n c l i t i o u . . . . . .Storage containers'Irainirtg

f<rr . . .

Maline systerns'Ibtal

I loocl ing systclns, euclosrrres lbr

Listed (definition)

Joints, pipe'['lr

reads

-l-

UrriitationsA e r r r s < l l s v s t c t n s . . . . 4 . 2 . 1l . x t i n g r r i s h i r r g a g e n l s . . . . . . 4 . 2 . 2 , 4 . 2 . 7f lenera tors . . . . . . . 4 .2 .3 t r - r 4 .2 . i r

. 9 .4 . I

10 .4 .1 . 10 .5 . I

. . 8 .2 .4 .12

2006 Edition

Maln/reserve switch

-M-

2010-30 FIXED AEROSOL FIRE-EXTINC;UISHINC} SYSTEMS

Maintenance .. . . 9.2A c r o s o l g e n c r a t o r s . . . . . . 6 . 1 . 3 . 1f ) e l ' i n i t i o n . . . . . . 3 . 3 . 1 7 , A . : ] . 3 . 1 7.Safe procec l r r res fo r . . . . . . 6 .4 .6 .1 , f . i r , A t i .4 .6Storage conta iners . . . . 6 .2 .3 . l , 6 .2 .3 .4 , 6 .2 .3 .5T r a i n i n g f b r . . . . . . . 9 . 4 . 1

Manual (definition) 3.3.18Manua l abor t sw i tches . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .4 .11 .3 .2

Manua l ac tua t ion . . 6 .4 .1 .? , ( i .4 .3 .1 ,6 .4 .3 .5 to 6 .4 .3 .7 . 6 .4 .3 .10Accept i tnce c r i te r i i r . . . .8 .2 .4 . l lMar ine vesse ls . . . . 10 .4 .4 .5 . 10 .4 .5 .2 . 10 .4 . i r .7 to 10 .4 .5 .10 . 10 .5 .4 .2O p e r a t i o n a l t e s t . . . . . . . . . 8 . 2 . i r . 2

Manual emergensy control . . . . . . 6.4.5.3.4Manual pul l stat ions . fJ.2.4.10.11.2.4.13.2

Marine systems .. Ohal>. 10Inspectecl vessels . . . 10.4S p e c i a l r l e h n i t i o n s f < r r . . . . . . . . . 3 . 4 t o 3 . 4 . 6 . 2 , A . 3 . 4 . 1Svsrelrr c()rnp()nent reqrr i renrer r Ls

I n s p e c t e d v e s s e l s . . . . . . 1 0 . 4 . 4Uninspected vessels . . 10.5.2

I - J n i n s p e c t c c l v c s s e l s . . . . . . . l t ) . 5Marine vessels ....rrzVesselsMass median aerodynamic diameter (MIVIAD) .. . . 5.1.2.2, B.I,

O.2 to C1.4 , C] .7 . C . l0D e f i n i t i o u . . . . . . 3 . 3 . 1 9 , A . 3 . 3 . 1 9

Means of egress . .. A.5.2.7.2; see also EvacrrationM e a s u r e m e n t , u n i t s o f . . . . . . . 1 . 5 , A . 1 . 5 . 1

-N-

Normally occupied (spaces)(lonclensed aerosol svstents, rrst: ol ' 1r.2.1.2, A.5.2.4.2Definit ion 3.3.20Dispersecl aerosol s\ 'sterns, trse of . . . . . !r .2.4.3H e a l t h e f f e c t s . . . 5 . 1 . 2 . 1L i r n i t a t i o n o f e x p o s u r e t o a g e l l L s i r r . . . . . . . . 5 . 2 . 3 . 2 . 1Marine vessel spaces, svsterns for ' . . . . 10.4. 1.2Un inspcc ted vesse ls , s l )accs on . . . . . . - 10 . l " r . 1 .2\ A b r k i n g p l a n s . . . . . . . 7 . 1 . 2 . 2 ( 9 )

Normally unoccupied (spaces)

f ) c f i r r i t i o r r . . . . . . . . 3 . 3 . 2 1H e a l t h e f f e c t s . . . 5 . 1 . 2 . 1{ - ln inspec tec l vesse ls , sp i r (es o l l . . . . . . . 10 .5 .1 . i

Nozzles . . . . . . .sut l) ischarge rrozzles arrd systcms

7 . 1 . 2 . 3

-P-

Penetrations, enclosure .... . 9.2.!)Personne l , hazards to . . . . . , . . . 5 .1 .2 ,3 .2 ,6 .2 .3 .5 ,

t i .4. l - r .6. I to 6.4.5.6.3, ! t .2.2.7,A. i r . l , A.5.2.1 to A. i r .?.7.3,A.6.4.5.6.l. furnex B; sre a/so \' lsibil itu recluced

P i p e . . . . . . . 7 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 5Acceptance c l i ter ia . . . . . . . 8.2.2.1 to 8.2.2.4, t1.2.2.12Disperscd ael 'osol s\ , -sterns .6.3.1,7.1.2.2(19),

7 .1 .2 .2 (21 ) . 7 . r . 2 .3 .4( l l c a n i n g . . . . . . 6 . 3 . 1 . 5Fi t t ings . . 6.3.3

Jo i r r t s . . . 6 .3 .2 . 6 .3 .3 .3Mark ing . . . . . . . ( i . 3 .1 .3

lVlar inc s1'stcnrs . . . . . . 10.4.4.3, 10.4.4.4\ 4 / o r k i n g l > l a n s . . . . . . 7 . 1 . 2 . 2 ( 1 4 )

Predischarge alarms . . . ..v,r, Alarm svst(:lllsPressure relief devices . 6.3. 1.6, 6.3.3.1.2Protected volume (definition) . , .. 3.3.22Purpose of standard ... 1.2

-a-

-R-

Racewa is . . . . 6 . .1 .1 .3Reactive metals, use of aerosol agents on ... .. +.2.2(3)Reduced visibility ..see\tsibiliry. r'ecltrceclRefer€rtces .... Cihap. 2. Annex DRelease . 6.4.i]; se.r a/soActuation s-vste[rs

Dcf in i t iorrRemotb operations

Mattttal actultion, urariue svstenlsMoni tor ing operat iorrs . U.2.5.3

Rescu€ . . . 5.2.7.2, A. l ' t .2.7.2Recoact lv i tyof standard . . . . . .1.3R e v i e w r e q u i r e m e n t . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 . 1 , A . i r . 1

-$

Safety requirements .... Oha;>. ir, 6.2.3.5, 6.4.ir.6.1 to (i.4.5.ti.3,

8.2.2.7, 9.4.2, 9.1"r, A. tt.4.5.tt. IScope o fs tandard . . . . . . 1 .1Shall (definition) . . ... 3.2.4Should (definition) .. 3.2.i)Solid aerosol-forming compound 6. 1.1.I

Defitrit iorr 3.3.2.1Spaces

( )a lgo space (de l i n i t i on ) . . . . . . . 3 .4 . .1 .1f!{aclrinerv spacc (delirrit ion) . . 3.4.4.2

Shndard (def ln i t ion) . . . . . . . . 3.2.6Storage conteiners

Acceptance cr i teda 8.2.2.8 to 8.2.2.10Alrar tgerncnt o{ ' . . . 6.2.3Deslr ipt ion of . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2. ,1.1Di.spersed aelosol s\.stenls

r \SI lE cor l ta ine rs . . . . . ( i .2.4.3.1, A.6. :1.4.3.1Cl t i t r t i r iner descr ipr iorr . . . . . . . { ) .?.4.1Inspec t ion . . . . . . . 9 .2 .5 , 9 .2 .6Mlurifolds, containers connected to . .. . . .. 6.2.4.5N la rk ing . . . . . . . 6 .? .4 .?R e t e s t i n g o f c o n t a i n e r s . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . 3 . 1 . 1 . 1 , 9 . 3 . 1 . 2Sh i l>pin g c:ontainer', DOT/ C;TC; r'ecltrirerne nts

fo r use as . . . . . . . 6 .2 .4 . :1 , A . .6 .2 .4 . -3 .1r- torage arrangen)cr) t . . . . . . . 6.2.3, A.( t .?.3.?Sitl ierpressurizecl corrtaine:rs, pressure in reli l lablc . . ... . (i.2.4.4Tenrperirttrres, storage .. . .... 6.2.,1.6Wr r rk ing p la r rs . . . 7 .1 .2 .2 (1 I )

I nspecdons . . . . . 9 .3 .1 .2 , 9 .3 .1 .3Mir i t r tcnance . . . . . ! ) .2. i ] to ! ) .2.6Marine r .essels . . . . . . . 10.4.4. t1, 10.4.4.7

Ir ts ic lc protcct .e( l spacc . . . . . . . 10. .+.3()uts ic le protecrecl space . . . . . 10. ,1.2

Operadonal test, disabling of release ntechar)isn) for . . . 8.2.ir.I (3),8.2.5.5

Rec l ta rg ing . . . 6 .2 .3 .1 ,9 .3 .1 .1 .1Rcf i l lable . . . . 9.2. :1. 9.2.4Re tes t ing , pe r ioc l i c . . . . . . . . 9 .3 .1Secu l ' e r r reu t . n le thoc l o f . . . . . . . . . . . 7 .L2 .2 (22 )Shippiug containcr, DOT/CTC: rccpiremcnts lbr use as ... 6.2.4.3,

10.4.4.7Supert' isory signals .... . .. 6.4.1'r.l, 6.4.5.4

Def l t t i t iou . . 3.4.5System design .. .. . ()hap. 7

Approval of plans . 7.1.3Des ig r r app l i ca t i on dens i t v . . 7 .+ ,A .7 .4 .2 .1 ,L .7 .4 .2 .2Dispenecl irerosol s?vsterrl f lou' calculations . ... ... 7.2D i s t r i b r t t i o n s y s t e r n - . . . . . . . . 7 . 7f) r r rat ion of protcct io l l . . . . . . 7.6, . { .7.6E r r c i r l s t r r e s . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . 3Nozz le o r genera to r cho ice and loca t ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 .8Spec i f i ca t ions . . . . .

Toul l loodi lrg quantirt '\4iorking pl:rns .

-o-

Qualified personnel

2006 Edition

4 . 1 . 2

INDEX 2010-31

-T-

TestsAcceptanc:e 8.2.2. i2, 8.2.3.1, 4.8.2.3.1

Funct iorra l . . . . . . . f l .Z. i r , A. f t .Z. l - r . l (4)Control svstern prirrtarl, po\\er sorlrce .. 8.2.5.4Plel iminary . 8.?.5.1, A.1J.?.5.1 (4)Renrote nroni tor i r rg operat ions . 8.2.5.3Return of systeur to oper i l t ioni r l concl i t ior l . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2.5.5S l ' s t cm . . . . . . f t . 2 .5 .2

N la r i r r c s l s te rns . . . . . . 10 .4 .7 .7Aerosol Berrer i r tors . . . . . . 6.1.3.1Aeroso l q tu r l i t v .6 .1 .2 .1 .6 .2 .2 .1( lontainers, retest i r . rg o1' . . . . . . . . . . 9.3.1D isc :ha rge . . . . . . A .4 .3 ( l )H o s e t e s t . . . 9 . 3 . 2Safe procedures for 9.5, A.6.4.6S to rage cou ta ine rs . . . . . . 6 .2 .3 .1T r a i r r i n g f o r . . . . . . . 9 . 4 . I\ is ib i l iq stauclards . . . . . . . . C: .13

Therma lc lea rances . . . . . 4 .2 .4 .5 .2 .6 .1 , ( i . 1 .4 .1 .? ,6 .1 .4 .2Del in i t iou 3.3.7.2

Thermal hazards . ir.2.l, 5.2.6, A.5.2.1(6)T imede lays . . . . 5 .2 .3 , 6 .4 .5 . t i , 7 .1 .2 .2 (23 ) ,10 .4 .1 .2 ,A .6 .4 .5 .6 .1Total flooding extinguishing qrstem

Agent qttitntit l ' , cletennitring . .. . .. . 7.5Def in i t ion 3.3.25E r r c l o s t r r e s . . . . . . . . . 7 . 3 . 1S p e c i l i c a t i o n s . . . . . , . . . . . . 7 . 1 . 1 . 1Uses anc l l i r t t i t a t i ons . . . . . . 4 .2 .6

Toxicity of suppression system 5r.2.4, A.5.2..tr,.&rnex BTrain ing .9.4.A.5.2.5, C. l2

-u-Unitsof measunement . . . . . . . l . l l ,A. l . l ' r . lUnoccupiable (definition) .... .. 3.3.26, A.3.3.26Uuwinted system operation ...... . 6.4.6, A.6.4.6Uses

Aerosol svstenrs . .. . 4.2. IExt i r rgtr is l r i r rg agents . . . . . . 4.2.2, 4.2.7( i t :nerators . . . . . . . 4.2.3 to 4.2. i rI t t tal l lor>cl ing s),stelr)s, enclosulers lbr

-v-Valvei; .. 6.3.4

Ager-rt release . .. . 6.4.3.1( l i teck . . . . 6.2.3. i rMar ine s l s te rns . . . . . . 10 .4 . .1 .3 , 10 .4 .4 .4Ope l i r t i ona l tes t . . . . 8 .2 .5 .2 (10 )Pressure re l ief . . . . . . . . ( i .3.1.6. 6.3.3.1.2

Vert+llation systernsFot'cecl ventilation, irf ier discharge of aerosols A.5.2.7.2 (9)S l r t r t t i ng don 'n , / c los ing . . . . . . . . . . 7 .3 .4 , t i . 2 .4 . i r

. t r {ar ine svstenls . . . . 10.4.5.1 IVessels

lnspectedDefinit ion

Llrtinspectecll)elinition

Visibility, reducedA.5.2.1 (4) . A.5,2.5, turnex Cl

Wirtng . .see Electt ical cornponerrts

1 2 3 4 5 6 08 07 06 05 2006 Edition

Sequenee of Events Lead,ing to Pablicotionof an NFPA Committee Document

Call goes out for proposals to amend existing document orfor recourrnendations on new docurnent.

V

Committee meets t,o act on proposals, to develop its ownproposals, and to prepare its report.

Y

Committee votes on proposals by letter ballot. If two-third.sapprove, report goes forward. Lacking two-thirds approval,

report returns to committee.

Y

Report - Report on Proposals (ROP) - is published forpublic review and comment.

Y

Committee meets to act on each public eomment received.

V

Committee votes on comments by letter ballot. If two-thirdsapprove, supplementary report goes forward. Lackingtwo-thirds approval, supplementary report returns to

cornrurttee.

V

Supplementary report - Report on Comments (ROC) -is publishecl for public review.

V

NFPA membership meets (Annual or Fall Meeting) and actson committee report (ROP or ROC).

\7

Committee votes on any amendments to report approved atNFPAAmual or Fall Meeting.

Y

Appeals to Standards Council on Association action must befileclu'ithin 20 days of the NFPAAnnual or FalI Meeting.

Y

Standards Council decides, based on all evidence, whetheror not to issue standard or to take other action, including

upholding any appeals.

Com.rnittee Mem)bership Classific ations

The following classifications apply to Technical Committeemembers and represent their pr incipal interest in theactivity of the coururittee.

1\{ Manu.f'actu.rer: Arepresentative of a maker or marketerof a product, assembly, or system) or portion thereof,that is affected by the stanclard.

U [-,'ser: A representative of an entity that is subject tothe provisions of the standard or that voiuntarily usesthe standard^

llM In.stn.l.Ier lMo.i,n.ta.iner: A representntive of an entity thatis in the business of install ing or maintaining aproduct, assembly, or system affected by the standarcl.

L La,bor: A }abor representative or employee concernedwith safety in tire workplace.

RI/I Appltect Researclr, ITestirtg Lo.boratory.' A representativeof an independent testing lahoratory or independentapplied research organization that prom.ulgates and/orenforces standarcls.

E Enforcing Au.thority: A representative of an agency oran organization that promulgates and./or enforcesstandards.

I In.su.ran.ce: A representative of an insurance company,broker, agent, bureau, or inspection agenc)'.

C Consumer: A person rvho ts, or represents, the ultimatepurchaser of a prod.uct, system, or service affected bytlre standarcl. but who is not included in tLre Userclassification.

SE Special Erpert: A person not representing any of theprevious classifications, but vi'ho has a special expertisein the scope ofthe standard or portion thereof,

NOTES:1. "Standard" connotes code, standard, recommended practice,or guide.2. A rcprcscntrrtivc includcs an cmploy.rc.lJ. Srhile these classifir:ations will be used by the Standalcls Councilio achieve a balance for Technical Committees, the Standar-cl^sCouncil may dctcrminc that now classifications of mcmbcrs oronique interests need lepresentalion in order to lbster the bestpossible (:ommittee deliberations on any project,. In this connection,thr: Standards Council may rnake such appointments as it seemsapproprriale il l,he public inleresl,, such as t,lie classificalir-rrr of-Util it ies" in the National Electrical Code Conrmittee.4. Representat ives of subsid iar jes of any group are general lyconsidered kt lrave the szurre classificatiotr as the parentorganization.