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GUIDE TO THE SAFE DESIGN OF AGED CARE FACILITIES
www.safeworksa.sa.gov.au www.workcover.com
DisclaimerThe information produced by SafeWork SA and WorkCover Corporation of South Australia in this publication is correct at the time of printing and isprovided as general information only. In utilising general information about workplace health and safety and injury management, the specific issuesrelevant to your workplace should always be considered. This publication is not intended as a substitute for the requirements of the WorkersRehabilitation and Compensation Act, 1986 or the Occupational Health Safety and Welfare Act 1986.
Limitations of LiabilityTo the best of our knowledge, the procedures described in this document reflect currently accepted practice, but cannot be considered absolute anduniversal recommendations. All recommendations must be considered in view of the specific example and new information that has become availablesince the time of writing. The authors disclaim responsibility and assume no liability for any adverse affects resulting directly or indirectly from thesuggested procedures, from any undetected errors, or from the readers misunderstanding of the text.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
These guidelines have been prepared by the SAfer Aged Care Industry Working Party; in conjunction with the Health
and Aged Care Sector. Acknowledgements are extended to:
Safer Aged Care Safe Design Steering CommitteeBrian Adams, SafeWork SA
Sue Balde, SA Unions
Richard Coker, University of South Australia
Ingrid Ormay, SafeWork SA
Theadora Papadopoulos, Karidis Corporation Limited
CS Wong, SafeWork SA
Case StudiesAnnda Hope Valley Residential Care
Eldercare Incorporated SA
Southern Cross Care (SA) Incorporated
Additional acknowledgements to:Nic Doncaster, WorkCover Corporation
Susan Ellis, Resthaven Incorporated
Jim Klesyk, Helping Hand Aged Care
Necia Michel, Walter Brooke & Associates Pty Ltd
Valerie OKeeffe, Workplace Services
Angela Sparrow, WorkCover Corporation
David Stevens, David Stevens Consultancy
Liz Bluff, The Australian National University
WorkSafe, Victoria
Queensland Health, Capital Works Branch
Design and produced by:SafeWork SA, www.safeworksa.sa.gov.au
WorkCover Corporation of South Australia, www.workcover.com
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HOW TO USE THESE GUIDELINES:
These guidelines are intended to provide general best practice information about safe design for the aged care
industry. They are intended as a starting reference point for considering safe design as part of the
development/redevelopment of a facility and/or a product. They are to be read in conjunction with the national
publication Guidance on the Principles for Safe Design at Work(1)
. The needs of residents and service providers,
site requirements, budgets and management will have implications for the overall design and safe design features of
a building project. The industry is encouraged to share best practice in a collaborative fashion in using these
guidelines.
This information is of a general nature and it is understood that affordability, sustainability and funding implications for
a site/product will have a bearing on the final design. However, an innovative and efficient design solution can be
achieved by the proprietor/developer with a degree of flexibility.
The guidelines are intended for those within the Aged Care Industry with responsibilities for planning, designing,
operating, maintaining, altering, and decommissioning a facility; and its associated layout, plant and equipment,
substances and work systems. This includes persons with control: owners, occupiers, directors of nursing,
architects, interior designers, suppliers, installers, designers and manufacturers of plant and equipment and anyone
who may be involved at any stage during the lifecycle of the facility and associated plant.
Guide to the Safe Design of
Aged Care Facilities
Guidance on the
Principles of Safe Design
at Work.
(1)Australian Safety and Compensation Council, Guidance on the Principles of Safe Design at Work, Australian
Government,Canberra, 2006
Refer to Principles of Universal Design
Refer to Considerations for Safe Design
Consider the Safe Design Process Steps: 1 8
Refer to Practical Examples: 1 24
Refer to Links for detailed information
Input into the design process
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Acknowledgements 3
How to use these Guidelines 4
1 Introduction 7
1.1 Why Safe Design? 7
1.2 What is Safe Design? 7
1.3 Universal Design Principles 7
1.4 Considerations for Safe Design 8
1.5 Reasonably Practicable 9
Industry Case Study 1, Annda Hope Valley, Hope Valley, South Australia, Ceiling lift
technology
11
1.6 OHS Responsibilities for Design 12
1.7 Consultation 14
1.8 Global Directions 14
1.9 Ageing in Place and Emerging Issues 14
1.10 Design for Dementia 15
1.11 Design for Palliative Care 15
1.12 Overhead Lifters 16
1.13 Design for Disassembly 16
1.14 Culturally And Linguistically Diverse (C.A.L.D.)/ Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders 16
2 Practical Examples 18
2.0 Common requirements for all room functions 19
2.1 En suite/bathroom design 22
2.2 Bedroom design 23
2.3 Dining room design 24
2.4 Office areas design 25
2.5 Laundries design 26
2.6 Kitchen design 27
2.7 Storage room design 28
2.8 Common rooms design 29
2.9 Pharmacy/drug rooms design 30
2.10 Nurses stations design 31
2.11 Toilets design 32
2.12 Corridors design 33
2.13 Lounge rooms design 34
2.14 Spiritual area / Hall design 35
2.15 Hairdressers area design 36
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2.16 Caf / Internet caf area design 37
2.17 Maintenance area design 38
2.18 Pan/sluice room design 39
2.19 Reception area design 40
2.20 Therapy area design 41
2.21 Dressing room (clinical) design 42
2.22 Doctors room design 43
2.23 Training room design 44
2.24 Outdoor areas design 45
3 The Principles and Process of Safe Design 46
3.1 Levels and areas of responsibility 46
3.2 The Safe Design Process Steps 46
3.3 Risk Management 51
Industry Case Study 2, Eldercare Incorporated SA, Risk Management 53
3.4 Development of aged care facilities: a seven step guide 54
3.5 Business efficiency 57
3.6 Sustainability 57
Industry Case Study 3, Southern Cross Care (SA) Incorporated, Sustainability and Safe
Work design
58
3.7 Lifecycle stages of various product types 59
Appendices 60
A Definitions 61
B Aged Care Industry - Generic Hazard Register 63
C Pre-purchase criteria for equipment and products 63
D Type, frequency, nature and cost of injuries and illness 63
References 64
Australian Standards 64
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1. INTRODUCTION
These guidelines have been developed in consultation with key industry stakeholders, including employer and
employee representatives, to assist organisations within the Aged Care Industry in South Australia in the safe design
of facilities and equipment.
The guidelines aim to provide persons embarking on design projects with a clear set of guidelines that will enable a
balanced outcome that will meet not only the requirements of compliance codes and regulations but will also meet the
needs of the residents/clients. The guidelines endeavour to assist in the provision of a satisfactory standard ofcomfort and care in a pleasant and safe environment.
The guidelines consider the legislated Occupational Health Safety and Welfare requirements, and the roles and
responsibilities of owners and designers in safe design.
The guidelines have been developed to support other legislation, codes and standards that control the general
aspects of product safety, such as the: Building Code of Australia, the Development Act, Trades Practices Act and
the Electrical Products Act.
1.1 WHY SAFE DESIGN?
Safe design eliminates any OHS hazards and minimises any potential OHS risk, by involving decision makers and
end users when considering the life cycle of the designed-product.
A safe design approach will generate a design option that eliminates OHS hazards or minimises the risks to those
who make the product and to those who use it.(2)
Safe design may offer cost benefits and improved efficiencies throughout the lifecycle of the building and/or product.
These guidelines are not intended to be prescriptive, and recognise that there will be cost limitations for the
development, redevelopment, refurbishment and production of buildings and products. The initial cost, ongoing
running costs, and other costs associated with the lifecycle of the building/product needs to be considered.
1.2 WHAT IS SAFE DESIGN?
Safe design is a risk management approach to the design process that eliminates OHS hazards and minimises
potential OHS risks, by involving decision makers when considering the life cycle of the designed product.
Safe design can be applied through the life cycle of the designed-product whether in the:
construction, use, maintenance or demolition of any building or structure
manufacture, supply, installation, use, maintenance or disposal of plant or equipment
manufacture, supply, use or disposal of chemicals
implementation or use of any system of work or process or any other physical attribute or system associated with
either the workplace or the interface with people.
These guidelines align with the Australian Safety and Compensation Council: National OHS Strategy 2002-2012
Eliminate the hazards at the design stage.
1.3 UNIVERSAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES
The needs of older people vary significantly from person to person. The principles of Universal Design encourage the
design of products and the environment for use by all people to the greatest extent possible, without the need for
adaptation or specialised design.
The seven major principles of universal design indicate a product or feature should:
provide equitable use The design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities
be flexible in use - The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities
(2)Australian Safety and Compensation Council, viewed 24 November 2006
www.ascc.gov.au/ascc/HealthSafety/SafeDesign/Understanding/Whatissafedesign.htm
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be simple and intuitive to use - Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user's experience,
knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level
convey perceptible information - The design communicates necessary information effectively to the user,
regardless of ambient conditions or the user's sensory abilities
provide tolerance for error - The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or
unintended actions
require low physical effort - The design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a minimum of fatigue
provide sufficient size and space for approach and use of the feature - Sufficient size and space is provided for
approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of user's body size, posture, or mobility
Note: a limitation to the principles of Universal Design is that the principles address only universally usable design,
whereas the commercial practice of design involves a broader consideration than simply for usability.
Designers must consider economic, engineering, cultural, gender, and environmental concerns as well as safety in
their design processes.
The Universal Design principles offer designers guidance to better integrate features that meet the needs of as many
users as possible. All principles may not be relevant to all designs.
For further information refer to:
Center for Universal Design (1997) Principles of universal design.
www.design.ncsu.edu/cud/about_ud/udprinciples.htm
Crews, D.E and Zavotka, S. Aging, Disability and Frailty: Implications for Universal Design (2006), Journal of
Physiological Anthropology, 25: 113-118, 2006
1.4 CONSIDERATIONS FOR SAFE DESIGN
The principles of safe design are as follows:
1.4.1 There is an understanding of the health and safety requirements of the design Decision makers are aware of their responsibility for the safety of downstream users and beneficiaries.
Decision makers understand their obligation under law to design and supply a safe product by eliminating OHS
hazards and controlling for residual OHS risk.
Health and safety is considered with equal priority to other design requirements in an overall risk evaluation of the
designed-products life cycle.
Decision makers ensure that the most current knowledge of OHS principles, materials/technology and systems are
applied in the design of the product.
Education, training standards and protocols support the requirement for decision makers to have appropriate skills
to identify and eliminate OHS hazards, and control OHS risks in the design phase.
1.4.2 There is systematic hazard identification and risk evaluation Decision makers identify OHS hazards and analyse the associated risks across the life cycle of the designed-
product.
There is consultation during the concept and detailed design phases between all people involved with the
designed product to make use of their knowledge and experience to identify and eliminate OHS hazards and
minimise risk. (These people may include, but are not limited to, the commissioning agent, manufacturers, builder,
users, employees, importers, suppliers, maintenance agencies, contractors, installers, distribution agencies and
disposers).
There is a systematic assessment of the probability and consequences of injury or illness arising from exposure to
identified OHS hazards, which guides the selection and implementation of the most appropriate OHS risk controls
for the designed-product.
Decision making during the risk evaluation process is documented and made accessible to all parties.
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A residual risk register is established; recording any OHS hazards not eliminated in the design that impose
significant risk, as well as the possible control strategies. Information from the risk register is passed onto those
involved in the downstream or subsequent life cycle stages.
1.4.3 Interaction occurs between people involved in the life cycle of the designed-product Decision makers are aware of the life cycle of the designed-product (including, but not limited to, its design,
construction/manufacture, supply/installation, use, maintenance/servicing, decommissioning, and disposal).
Decision makers consider the range of people who will use or otherwise interact with the designed-product.
Consideration is given to the OHS hazards that might arise during the designed-products life cycle, including
those due to environmental and human factors.
Relevant residual risk information in the designed-product is communicated to those who will use or interact with
the designed product throughout its life cycle.
Consideration is given to the potential disease and injury costs when assessing life cycle operating costs (including,
but not limited to, environmental clean up, decommission/dismantling, redesign/retrofit).
1.4.4 Contractual arrangements and procurement systems operate to minimise
purchased OHS risk
Purchasing and contractual arrangements (e.g. specifications, supplier pre-qualification and tenderdocumentation) include a requirement to eliminate OHS hazards, minimise OHS risks, and provide residual OHS
risk information.
The design brief or draft specifications include an agreement to carry out a safe design approach. The agreement
also includes production of a life cycle OHS risk evaluation and a residual risk register.
The designed-product includes fail-to-safe strategies for possible failure or defect impacts.
1.4.5 A sustainable designed-product result The design is monitored as it evolves to identify new OHS hazards and manage each risk as it becomes evident.
If alterations to the designed product are planned during its life, a systematic OHS risk evaluation is conducted in
the planning and design stages to eliminate OHS hazards and minimise risk.
Information relating to any new risks are fed back to the designer/manufacturer.
1.5 REASONABLY PRACTICABLE
OHS legislation requires duty holders to do what is reasonably practicable and recognises that this can occur only in
situations over which the duty holder has control.
Contractual arrangements between the owner of a proposed product and its designer may have influence over who
has control in any situation.
Deciding what is reasonably practicable may depend on the level of risk for any given situation, past experience of
those involved, what is widely known about the hazard, and the effectiveness and cost of its control strategies.
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INDUSTRY CASE STUDY 1
Annda Hope Valley, Hope Valley, South Australia
Ceiling lift technologyThe proprietors of Annda Hope Valley residential aged care facility investigated the use of ceiling mounted electrical
hoists in developing Stage 1 of their 71 bed facility. They considered the devices, researched the issues involved in
installing the devices into bedrooms and en suites, and conducted a cost analysis. They considered the benefits offixed systems verses the portable systems available. In a portable system, the motor can be detached from the
tracking and used across a variety of rooms. In a fixed system, the motor is attached to the tracking and dedicated to
a specific room.
The design considered the various configurations of the tracking for over the bed, bed to chair, and bed to en suite.
The devices and tracking are available in straight/curved sections, turntable junctions which allow for a change in
direction; a transverse system allowing for two-way movement (up/down and across); fixed to the ceiling; suspended
from the ceiling or recessed into the ceiling; various weight capacities up to 360kg.
Additional structural members in the ceiling were considered in the design to take the load. The main challenges
involved the design and layout of the bedroom and en suite given the fixed position of the tracking.
The aim was to make resident handling safer and more efficient, require minimal physical exertion, and reduce therequirements for storage space for mobile lifters. The hoists were also considered easy to use regardless of the floor
surface, as some textured floor surfaces make it difficult to manoeuvre mobile hoists.
Staff required training in use of the devices.
In making the decision to install the ceiling hoists, the organisation considered:
compliance with Australian Standard AS ISO 10535-2003:Hoists for the transfer of disabled persons -
Requirements and test methods
checking with the building surveyor that fire safety requirements were not compromised
weight and noise of the motor
comfort and dignity of the resident
aesthetics and compatibility with the home like environment
charging requirements.
The final design solution and safe work requirements put in place by the organisation are detailed in the photos and
building plan below.
The organisation has been pleased with the staff and resident response to using the ceiling lift technology and has
incorporated provision for more ceiling hoists to be installed in stage two of their facility development.
Refer to the obligations under the OHSW Regulations 1995 (S.A.) 1.3.2 and 1.3.3 to conduct hazard identification
and risk assessment, and implement control of risk. This requirement encompasses the life cycle impact to all
persons associated with a facility; and the subsequent and ongoing requirement to create and maintain a risk
register.
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INDUSTRY CASE STUDY 1
Annda Hope Valley, Hope Valley, South Australia
Ceiling lift technology
Photos 1-3: illustrating ceiling mounted electrical hoists.
Photo 1Photo 2
Photo 3
Plan 1: Illustrating design and layout of the bedroom and en suite and path of lifter track.
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1.6 OHS RESPONSIBILITIES FOR DESIGN
Designers of a product that is associated with a workplace, whatever that product may be, have responsibilities under
OHS legislation to ensure their design is inherently safe throughout all stages of its life cycle.
Refer to OHS&W Act 1986 (SA), Section 23A and 24, printed below.
Owners of a product that is associated with a workplace, also have responsibilities to ensure that the product, (a
building, building addition or extension, item of plant or equipment, substance or work process) is safe.
These responsibilities of both the owner and designer are in addition to any responsibilities described under other
legislation such as the Development Act, Trade Practices Act or the Electrical Products Act.
Designers may also have contractually enforceable obligations to the products prospective owner under their design
commission and brief, which may guide the direction and extent of the designers work and may instruct the designer
in relation to some issues, such as acceptance/rejection of some design change proposals.
Contractual issues may lead to concomitant responsibilities for product safety; both the designer and owner having
responsibility to ensure the product is safe throughout its life cycle, but with the owner having some control over the
extent and direction of the designers work. Contractual agreements between an owner and designer do not derogate
from their legislated responsibilities under OHS legislation.
Occupational Health Safety and Welfare Act 1986 South Australia
(Version 15.8.2005)
Section 23A Duties of designers and owners of buildings
(1) A person who designs a building that is reasonably expected to comprise or include a workplace must-
(a) ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that the building is designed so that people who might work in,
on or about the workplace are, in doing so, safe from injury and risks to health; and
(b) ensure that the building complies in all respects with prescribed requirements (if any) applicable to it.
(2) The owner of a building that comprises or includes a workplace must-
(a) ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that the building, and any fixtures or fittings within the building
that are under the control of the owner, are in a condition that allows people who might work in, on or about
the workplace to be safe from injury and risks to health; and
(b) ensure that the building complies in all respects with prescribed requirements (if any) applicable to it.
(3) In this section - building includes a part of a building.
Section 24 - Duties of manufacturers etc
(1) A person who designs, manufactures, imports or supplies any plant to which this subsection applies
must-
(a) ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that the plant is designed and constructed so as to be safe-
(i) when properly used and maintained; and
(ii) when subjected to reasonably foreseeable forms of misuse; and
(b) ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that the plant is designed and constructed so that people who
might use, clean or maintain the plant are, in doing so, safe from injury and risks to health; and
(c) take such steps to test or examine, or arrange for the testing or examination of, the plant as are
reasonably necessary to ensure compliance with paragraphs (a) and (b); and
(d) ensure that the plant complies in all respects with prescribed requirements (if any) applicable to it; and
(e) ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that adequate information about any conditions necessary to
ensure the safe installation, use and maintenance of the plant is supplied with the plant.
(2) A person who erects, installs or modifies any plant to which this subsection applies must ensure so faras is reasonably practicable that it will be safe-
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(a) when properly used and maintained; and
(b) when subjected to reasonably foreseeable forms of misuse.
2aa) Subsections (1) and (2) apply to
(a) any plant that is to be used, or reasonably expected to be used, at a workplace; and
(b) without limiting the operation of paragraph (a), any plant to which this Act extends by virtue of Schedule
2.
(2a) Without derogating from the operation of subsections (1) and (2), where any structure is to be erected in the
course of any work-
(a) the person who designs the structure must ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that the structure is
designed so that the persons who are required to erect it are, in doing so, safe from injury and risks to
health; and
(b) any person who manufactures any materials to be used for the purposes of the structure must ensure so
far as is reasonably practicable that the materials are manufactured so that the persons who are required to
erect the structure are, in using, handling or otherwise dealing with the materials, safe from injury and risks
to health; and
(c) any person who imports or supplies any materials to be used for the purposes of the structure mustensure so far as is reasonably practicable that the materials are in such a state as to be safe to any person
who must use, handle or otherwise deal with the materials; and
(d) the person undertaking the erection of the structure must ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that
the structure is safe during the course of its erection and subsequent use.
(3) A person who manufactures, imports or supplies any substance for use at a workplace must-
(a) ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that the substance is in such a state as to be safe-
(i) when properly used, handled, processed, stored, transported or disposed of; and
(ii) when subjected to reasonably foreseeable forms of improper use, handling, processing, storage,
transportation or disposal; and
(b) ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that the substance is in such a state that persons who might
use, handle, process, store, transport or dispose of the substance are, in doing so, safe from injury and risks
to health; and
(c) take such steps to test or examine, or arrange for the testing or examination of, the substance as are
reasonably necessary to ensure compliance with paragraphs (a) and (b); and
(d) ensure that the substance complies in all respects with prescribed requirements (if any) applicable to it;
and
(e) ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that adequate information about any conditions necessary to
ensure its safe use, handling, processing, storage, transportation or disposal is provided in connection with
the supply of the substance.
(4) In this section-
structure includes a part of a structure.
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1.7 CONSULTATION
Consultation is an important aspect of safe design. Designing what is required and what will work, without creating
additional hazards or unnecessary increased workloads, can be achieved by including all end users in the design of
products or buildings.
Consultation involves the sharing of information and the exchange of views between people. In the workplace this is
generally applied to the interaction between employers and employees. In the case of safe design, it involves the
sharing of information between all persons involved in the development of the end product or building.
Consultation ensures that everyone involved is made aware of hazards and OHS issues experienced by employees
and residents and can take steps to eliminate them from any future designs of products or buildings.
Consultation during planning of new work or work processes, and during identification, assessment and control of
risks, provides a practical and effective platform for agreement and commitment for the prevention of work related
injury and disease.
1.8 GLOBAL DIRECTIONS
Workplace safety and safe design is a key consideration globally. Health and aged care has been identified as a high
risk industry for work place injuries. Research, policy and workplace interventions have been particularly progressive
in countries such as Canada, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, United States of America
and Australia.
In recent years, the global focus has been on eliminating or reducing hazards and injuries through promoting risk
analysis of the work environment and practices, and implementing strategies to prevent injury. Strategies for the aged
care industry include: the promotion of no lift policies, designing out potential risks in the development of new or
redevelopment of existing facilities, and consideration of the principles of universal design.
Studies on use of new technologies to support a safer work environment have also been undertaken. These include a
focus on portable patient ceiling lift devices and the use of wireless technology.
For further information refer to:
The Construction Technologies Institute, unit of Rome 2006 Health, Buildings, Typologies, Quality and
Safety
www.roma.itc.cnr.it/vers_inglese/home_ing.htm
The Living Lab Research to Facilitate Independent Living
www.sfu.ca/livinglab
Ontario Safety Association for Community and Healthcare
www.osach.ca
US Department of Labour Occupational Safety and Health Administration
www.osha.gov
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
www.europe.osha.eu.int/info
Health & Safety Executive
www.hse.gov.uk
1.9 AGEING IN PLACE AND EMERGING ISSUES
The capacity for design to enable older people to remain in their own homes and receive care, or receive a continuum
of care in a retirement or residential facility without the need for continual relocation is an important design
consideration.
Design should be adaptable and take into account changes in peoples needs and levels of acuity, and the necessary
involvement of others (carers, family members) in the designed space.
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Design for ageing in place requires consideration of the most dependent levels of resident need. Residents with high
degrees of physical dependency often require greater space to allow staff to assist residents in a safe working
environment.
For further information and links refer to:
Department of Health and Ageing
www.health.gov.au/internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/content/ageing-publicat-ageplace.htm
Design 4 Health National Manual Handling Campaign Industry Summary report (2005)
www.safework.sa.gov.au - follow links to Industries > Community Services > Design 4 Health
Valuing Older Workers: Preparing your business for an ageing workforce, Queensland Government
Department of Industrial Relations 2005
www.dir.qld.gov.au/pdf/ir/olderworkers_booklet2006.pdf
1.10 DESIGN FOR DEMENTIA
Residents in a dementia specific unit or wing of a residential facility require expert and complex care in a specialiseddementia program. The safe design of the building provides an opportunity to support behaviour management and
provide appropriate stimulation and orientation for residents to function at their best.
Designers need to consider issues that will influence behaviour; and which design features will enhance the dementia
program.
Such issues include:
Stimulation and control of visual, acoustic, and movement aspects, as they relate to behaviour management of
residents.
Resident cues and interfaces which support behaviour management. The use of colour, form, finish, landmarks
and multi-sensory design aspects should be considered.
Enabling planned wandering through design features, including the relationship between the internal and external
space, continuous paths, lighting and attractions.
Providing a secure environment with flexibility and freedom of movement through personal, building and perimeter
security
Centralisation of daily activities around a core element of the facility (kitchen, lounge, dining room).
Access to controls, equipment, items and spaces leading to inappropriate use by dementia residents should be
designed out of such facilities. Issues of supervision, unauthorised access and potential for risk or harm to
residents must be carefully evaluated.
For further information and links on dementia refer to:
Alzheimers Australia
www.alzheimers.org.au
Prevention and management of resistance to care report, Final report, J. Grealy, C&G Education and Research Pty
Ltd, WorkCover Grant, South Australia
www.safework.sa.gov.au/contentPages/Industry/AgedCare/agedResources.htm
1.11 DESIGN FOR PALLIATIVE CARE
The increasing levels of acuity within residential care facilities, Ageing in Place, and the desire for people to die in
their home, makes palliative care an important consideration in the design of Aged Care environments.
The avoidance of an institutional appearance and atmosphere is considered to be particularly important in relation to
the need to take account of the complex emotions and perceptions of those in palliative care, as well as their family
and friends.
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The creation of a domestic character may be assisted by:
attention to the quality of light
exploiting views
use of colour
selection of furniture and fixtures.
The clarity of circulation is important through avoiding confusing or complicated circulation routes. The environment
should offer privacy to palliative care residents and their families, as well as a quiet environment with a higher than
normal level of sound containment and acoustic privacy. A higher than normal level of ventilation should be provided
to minimise odours. Sheltered outdoor spaces should be created in and around the area.
For further information and links on Palliative Care refer to:
Palliative Care Australia
www.pallcare.org.au
1.12 OVERHEAD LIFTERSAs No Lift procedures become more widely implemented as a means of reducing risks to workers and accidents
overhead tracking is becoming an important consideration in the design of facilities.
It is available as a portable system - where the motor can be detached and used in a variety of rooms, or in a fixed
position. Transfers using overhead tracking require minimal physical exertion, reduced transfer and storage space,
and generally require only one carer. The system is primarily used in over the bed transfers, in the bathroom, and
therapy/specialist settings. In terms of the design of a room - adequate ceiling supports are required, the room layout
will need to consider the position of the tracking, and a mobile hoist is still required for back up.
The complexity of the system will depend on the resident mix, no lift policy, other lifting equipment used and the
overall design of the facility. In addition, the issues of comfort and dignity for residents, noise, aesthetics, costs and
potential savings (storage, staff time) and ease of using need to be considered.
Structural considerations, even for future planned installation of overhead lifters, is more economic when considered
as part of the original design.
For further information and links for overhead lifters refer to:
Australian Standard AS ISO 10535-2002: Hoists for the transfer of disabled persons - Requirements and test
methods
www.standards.org.au follow links to Australian Standards
WorkSafe Victoria Designing Workplaces for Safer Handling of Patients/Residents - Guidelines for the design
of health and aged care facilities, second edition 2002.
www.workcover.vic.gov.au/publications
1.13 DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
Products should be chosen which facilitate disassembly for repair and subsequent recycling of materials. Built
environments should consider issues affecting modification or demolition of structures; including recycling of
materials.
1.14 CULTURALLY AND LINGUISTICALLY DIVERSE POPULATIONS (C.A.L.D.) /
ABORIGINAL AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDERS
The design process needs to consider the needs of all users; including people from Culturally and LinguisticallyDiverse Populations (C.A.L.D.), and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. A range of multicultural resources and
information are available to designers, planners and service providers. It is recommended that information is sought
on design considerations as they relate to safe design and the target group(s).
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For further information and links refer to:
Multicultural SA
www.multicultural.sa.gov.au
Australian Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs
www.immi.gov.au
Aboriginal Health Council of South Australia
www.ahcsa.org.au
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2. PRACTICAL EXAMPLES
Environments (living and working)Within Aged Care environments we must consider both the needs of persons receiving the care/service and the
service providers. A range of hazards can be identified within these environments and should be assessed, controls
implemented and evaluated to ensure a safe and healthy environment for both the care receiver and the service
provider.
Some of the hazards that are commonly identified in Aged Care environments include:
Inadequate space provision to allow for equipment to be moved in and out of an area to assist in manual handling
or for persons to freely move when using their wheelchairs or walking frames.
Flooring that is slippery, uneven, or with differing textures makes moving of wheeled equipment difficult.
Poor or inadequate lighting of the tasks or activities being undertaken, or, failing to meet specific individual needs.
Radiated noise creating noisy built environments
Poor security arrangements
Lack of privacy or individual personal space needs
Poor work flows
Distances to storage areas for equipment required or inadequate amount of storage
Colour schemes that whilst they look aesthetically pleasing create confusion for residents when seeking specific
rooms.
Ramps placed throughout facilities, making moving around and moving trolleys etc difficult, and creating
unnecessary muscular manoeuvring exertion.
Poorly designed or inadequate ventilation. Simple designs for ventilation are often the most effective and can cost
a great deal less than complex mechanised and electrical systems.
Long distances to toilets, lifts, common areas, and lounges.
Furniture purchased for use in areas is large and cumbersome, not adjustable.
There are common requirements for all room functions and environments which need to be considered in the design,
and in conjunction with the specific requirements for each room.
Examples are as follows:
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2.0 COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL ROOM FUNCTIONS
Floor surfaces Specification of non-slip surfaces
Traversing between surfaces
Lighting / ventilation / noise Access to windows
Florescent filters, Lighting levels, Increase
lighting and reduce the contrasts in lighted
areas
Reduce glare from windows, Reflected glareon monitors
Colour contrasts between walls and floors
Minimise discomfort from thermal conditions
- operating temps
Air quality conditions - air movement, use of
filters
Chemical storage
Acoustics and noise
Access Door opening - clear width requirements
Door swings - access and egress
Door furniture specification requirements
Sliding doors specification requirements
e-Linkswww.workcover.com
WorkSafe Victoria, Designing Workplaces for SaferHandling of Patients/Residents
www.workcover.vic.gov.au then publications
Transferring People Safely A Practical Guide to
Managing Risk
Queensland RACF Design Guidelines
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
Building Code of Australia (BCA) www.abcb.gov.au
www.hermanmiller.com ergonomics
www.standards.org.au for these and other relevant
Australian Standards
AS1428 - Design for access and mobility
AS4299 - Adaptable Housing
AS1680 Interior Lighting
AS1158 - Lighting for roads and public spaces
AS3661 - Slip Resistance of pedestrian surfaces
AS 1020 The control of undesirable static electricity
AS3666 - Air handling & Water Systems of Buildings
AS 1668 - The use of ventilation and air conditioning in
Buildings
AS1345 - Identification of the contents of pipes, conduits
and ducts
AS2441 - Installation of Fire hose reels
AS 3000 - Electrical Installations
AS 3008 - Electrical Installations Selection of Cables
AS 3009 - Electrical Installations- Emergency power
supplies in Hospitals
AS 1768 Lightning protection
AS 2107 - Acoustics Recommended design sound
levels and reverberation times in building interiors
AS 3671 - Traffic noise intrusion in buildings
AS 4282 - Control of obtrusive effects of outdoor lighting
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2.0 Common Requirements for all Room Functions (Cont./)
Equipment Purchasing procedures - health and safety
assessment and approval
Consultation key stakeholders (i.e. residents,
direct care staff)
Information - sufficient information about the
proposed design/product
Compatibility - with the design of the building
and work practices
Space requirement - footprint/floor area
covered by the new equipment
Access requirements - storage space, floor
surfaces compatible with the design of the
equipment
Staff movement - constraints, anchorages,
supports, manoeuvrability
Legislative requirementsActs, Regulations and Guidelines
Safety and Environmental systems Fire protection system - exits, doors,
equipment, fire rating requirements for building
and introduced materials,compartmentalisation,
Electrical/network system - Light switches, plug
outlets, cabling, lifts,
Climate regulation system - heating, cooling,
Infection control, water temperature/ flow rates,
Water reticulation, pipe work and control of
backflow,
Materials selection - low emissions, fire rating,
e-LinksAS 1670 - Fire detection, warning, control and
intercom systems
AS 2118 Automatic fire sprinkler systems
AS 2293 - Emergency escape lighting and access
signs
AS 2419 Fire hydrant installations
AS 2441 Installation of fire hose reels
As 2444 - Portable fire extinguishers and fire blankets
AS 3745 - Emergency control organization and
procedures for buildings
AS 2500 - Guide to the safe use of electricity in patient
care
HB 260 - Hospital acquired infections Engineering
down the risk
AS 1470 - Health and safety at work
AS/NZS 2208 - Safety glazing materials in buildings
AS 4485 - Security for health care facilities
AS 3811 - Hard-wired patient alarm systems
AS 1657 - Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways, andladders
www.safework.sa.gov.au then Legislation
www.workcover.vic.gov.au/vwa/home.nsf/pages/so_ag
ed pre-purchase guidelines
www.dirp.qld.gov.au/pdf/whs/plant_code2005.pdf
Plant Code of Practice
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2.0 Common Requirements for all Room Functions (Cont./)
The following practical examples provide a guide to the safe design of a specific room function:
Infection control considerations Clinical waste - treated appropriately, contained and
transported carefully. Arrangements for collection
impact on design and the location, size and
infrastructure of the aged care facility.
Waste disposal facilities - clear access to waste
disposal facilities, including sluices, section for
storage of clean items should be carefully defined
and protected from vapours, splashing or aerosols
during procedures, hand washing, equipment
washing, ultrasonic cleaning and reprocessing.
Clinical hand basins - in all areas which resident
treatment may occur with hot and cold water, non
touch taps, supplies of liquid hand wash, and
disposable paper towels. Taps should have anti
splash devices.
Impervious surfaces - areas for managing resident
blood and body waste should have smooth
impervious seamless surfaces without crevices
Work areas - adequate lighting, good ventilation
and suitable receptacles for the disposal of waste,
easy access to equipment and safe storage for
equipment not in use. Adequate bench space, at
least one stainless steel sink or trough deep
enough to accommodate instruments and other
equipment requiring cleaning (double sinks are
preferred), space for ultrasonic cleaners
Cooling towers and water systems - meet
Australian Standards
Workflow - from clean to contaminated areas
e-LinksANCAHRD Guidelines for blood and body fluid
exposures
www.health.gov.au/internet/wcms/publishing.nsf
/content/icg-guidelines-index.htm
www.safework.sa.gov.au
www.standards.org.au
AS 4031 and amendment 1 and AS/NZ 4261
and amendment 1
AS 1668.2 and Supplement 1 or State/Territory
guidelines. - ventilation
AS SET 3500, AS/NZS 3666 and StandardsAustralia Handbook HB32, AS/NZS 3896 -
cooling towers and water systems
AS/NZS 4187, AS/NZS 4815 - work flow
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2.1 EN SUITE/BATHROOM DESIGN
Function: provision of bathroom facilities for residents.
Plan: sourced from
Annda, Hope Valley,
Hope Valley, South
Australia
e-LinksWorkSafe Victoria, Designing Workplaces for
Safer Handling of Patients/Residents
www.workcover.vic.gov.au then publications
Design Guidelines for Queensland Residential
Aged Care Facilities
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
www.standards.org.au
AS 1428.1 - Design for access and mobility
AS 3500 - Plumbing and Drainage
AS 3661 - Slip Resistance of pedestrian
surfaces
AS 3666 - Air handling & Water Systems of
Buildings
AS 1668 - Interior Lighting
www.safework.sa.gov.au
Considerations of use Carers - assisting with transfers and
personal care
Ageing in place - provision for increasing
dependencies
Equipment type, dimensions, storage and
access
Workflow and Layout Clear space on both sides of the toilet
Toilet ideally located opposite door
Manoeuvrability for carers, person and
equipment
Sanitary ware Shower floor gradient
Shower alcove size requirements
Lip to shower area
Specification of basins
Specification of grab bars in the
bath/shower
Support arms on both sides of the
toilet and/or grab bars
Ease of use of taps
Potential hazards / risksSlippery/wet floors; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; personal emergency - door locked; visual problems re:
lighting/patterns/contrast
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2.2 BEDROOM DESIGN
Function: provision of bed, personal affects/furniture.
Potential hazards / risksSpace restrictions; tripping points; non-electric beds; manual handling; uneven floors; sharp edges on furniture; poor
levels of lighting/external glare; protruding bed controls; clutter, lack of adequate storage
Workflow and layout Required clear space on both sides, and end of the
bed
Storage of wheelchairs/walking frames,
television/entertainment equipment/computer
Access to the en-suite bathroom
Furniture / equipment beds (variable widths) and wardrobes (built in/free
standing)
side tables and chairs - ergonomic requirements
display cabinets, built in furniture
lifting machine at foot end of bed
medical equipment (eg. Nebuliser)
e-LinksWorkSafe Victoria, Designing Workplaces for
Safer Handling of Patients/Residents
www.workcover.vic.gov.au then publications
Design Guidelines for Queensland Residential
Aged Care Facilities
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
Building Code of Australia (BCA) -
www.abcb.gov.au
www.standards.org.au
AS1428.1 - Design for access and mobility
AS4299 - Adaptable Housing
AS3661 - Slip Resistance of pedestrian
surfaces
AS1680 - Interior Lighting
AS3000 - Electrical Installations
AS 2500 - Guide to the safe use of electricity in
patient care
www.safework.sa.gov.au
Considerations of use Carers - assisting with transfers and personal care
Ageing in place - provision for increasing
dependencies
Change of use - rooms may be used for other
purposes
Equipment - a variety of equipment may be used
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2.3 DINING ROOM DESIGN
Function: serving of meals and various other activities of a social nature.
Potential hazards / risks Space restrictions; tripping points, uneven floors; sharp edges on furniture; poor levels of lighting/external glare;clutter, lack of adequate storage
Workflow and layout Space for the temporary storage of mobility
equipment
Proximity of furniture and space between dining
tables to allow for easy transfer and
manoeuvrability of residents
Wheelchair and walking frame access
Food service requirements
Consideration of numbers of persons with regard to
access & egress
Access to alfresco dining
Furniture / equipment tables and chairs - ergonomic requirements
display cabinets, built in furniture
servery/ buffet/mobile trolleys
e-LinksWorkSafe Victoria, Designing Workplaces
for Safer Handling of Patients/Residents
www.workcover.vic.gov.au then
publications
Design Guidelines for Queensland
Residential Aged Care Facilities
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
Building Code of Australia (BCA)
www.abcb.gov.au
www.standards.org.au
AS1428.1
AS 4688 Furniture Fixed height chairs
www.safework.sa.gov.au
Considerations of use Carers - assisting with transfers and personal care
Change of use - rooms may be used for other
purposes
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2.4 OFFICE AREAS DESIGN
Function: administrative tasks, storage of records.
Potential hazards / risksSpace restrictions; inadequate ventilation; ergonomic hazards i.e. static postures; repetitive movements; trip hazards such
as file drawers and electrical cables; security; lighting; inadequate space; limited storage; photocopiers; ventilation.
Workstation design and layout Horizontal surface and storage space needs for type
of work
Equipment requirements/data points/ adjustability
Privacy requirements
Display space / personalization
Enclosed meeting spaces
Furniture / equipmentDesks and chairs - Ergonomic requirements
Filing cabinets, display cabinets, tables, built in furniture
Separate room for photocopier
e-Linkswww.workcover.com
www.safework.sa.gov.au Safeguard No. GS
43, GS 31, GS 66/2
Building Code of Australia (BCA)
www.abcb.gov.au
www.standards.org.au
- for these and other relevant Australian
Standards
AS 3590 Screen based workstations
AS 4438 - Height adjustable swivel chairs
AS 1680 Interior lighting
As 3080 - Telecommunications installations
HB 59 Ergonomics
www.safework.sa.gov.auConsiderations of use Change of use - rooms may be used for other
purposes
Equipment - a variety of equipment may be used
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2.5 LAUNDRIES DESIGN
Function: washing and drying/folding of residents clothes.
Potential hazards / risksBiological / infectious hazards; chemicals; temperatures; slippery/wet floors; space restrictions; Inadequate ventilation;
build up of lint & noxious gasses in washing machine filter
e-LinksQueensland RACF Design Guidelines
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
www.standards.org.au
AS 4146 - Laundry Practice
AS 1428.1 - Design for access and mobility
AS 3500 - Plumbing and Drainage
AS 3661 - Slip Resistance of pedestrian surfaces
AS 3666 - Air handling & Water Systems of
Buildings
AS 1668 - The use of ventilation and air
conditioning in Buildings
AS1680 - Interior Lighting
www.safework.sa.gov.au
Washing machines and Dryers Specification to meet load requirements for
number of residents
Height access for loading/unloading washing
Workflow and layout requirements Demarcation of dirty linen from clean linen
Ease of use of taps
Sinks dimensions & positioning
Cupboards
Folding area, ironing facility
Chemicals Direct feed system to reduce handling,
contamination,
Secure storage of chemicals
Considerations of use Use by residents (with mobility aids)
Equipment - a variety of equipment may be
used
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2.6 KITCHEN DESIGN
Function: food preparation, serving, cold/dry storage of food supplies.
Potential hazards / risksTemperatures; chemicals; cold heat stress; electrical; machine guarding absent; latex allergy; non-ionizing radiation;
sharp objects; steam; thermal burns; slippery/wet floors; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; light pooling
e-Linkswww.safework.sa.gov.au
Queensland RACF Design Guidelines
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
www.standards.org.au
AS 1428.1 - Design for access and mobility
AS 3500 - Plumbing and Drainage
AS 3661 - Slip Resistance of pedestrian surfaces
AS 3666 - Air handling & Water Systems of
Buildings
AS 1668 - The use of ventilation and air conditioning
in Buildings
AS1680 - Interior Lighting
Safe Design of Commercial Kitchens
www.safework.sa.gov.au/contentPages/Industry/Ho
spitality/Resources/hospResSafeDesignKitchens.ht
m
Workflow and layout requirements Commercial Kitchen design guidelines
Cooking/ reheating
Serving
Clean / dirty dishes flow
Dry and cold stores
Deliveries
Furniture and Equipment Commercial kitchen equipment
Cold storage Fridge/ freezers
Shelving/ height for access
Considerations of use Equipment - a variety of equipment may be
used
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2.7 STORAGE ROOM DESIGN
Function: storage of records, paper supplies, general supplies
Potential hazards / risksSpace restrictions; poorly maintained step/ladders; inadequate ventilation; unstable shelving / height of shelving and
stored items; cluttered
e-Linkswww.safework.sa.gov.au
Queensland RACF Design Guidelines
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
www.standards.org.au
AS 1428.1 Design for access and mobility
AS 1470 Health and safety at work
principles and practices
AS 1940 The storage and handling of
flammable and combustible liquids
www.safework.sa.gov.au
Workflow and Layout Ascertain total storage requirements
Type of goods and equipment to be stored
Minimum access requirements between
shelving
Shelving Load requirements
Reaching Height/ steps
Considerations of use Storage- a variety of equipment and items may
be stored including records, paper supplies,
general supplies
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2.8 COMMON ROOMS DESIGN
Function: multi-purpose room for activities, relaxation
Potential hazards / risksSlippery/wet floors; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; sharp edges; tripping; light pooling; visual problems
re: patterns/contrast
e-LinksWorkSafe Victoria, Designing Workplaces
for Safer Handling of Patients/Residents
www.workcover.vic.gov.au then
publications
Queensland RACF Design Guidelines www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
Building Code of Australia (BCA)
www.abcb.gov.au
www.standards.org.au
AS1428.1
AS 4688 Furniture Fixed height chairs
www.safework.sa.gov.au
Workflow and layout Allowance for Lounge chairs/ recliners and tables
sufficient for number of residents
Separation of activities passive/ active
Television visual comfort and screen
size/positioning
Ease of movement
Access and storage for wheelchairs and walking
frames
Furniture & equipment Lounge chairs/ recliners and tables
Display cupboards/ sideboards
Storage cupboards
Audio visual
Considerations of use Carers - assisting with transfers and personal
care
Change of use - rooms may be used for other
purposes
Equipment - a variety of equipment may be used
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2.9 PHARMACY/DRUG ROOMS DESIGN
Function: preparation/ management of medications, storage
Potential hazards / risks Slippery/wet floors; heavy and poorly maintained drug trolleys; latex allergy; chemicals; hazardous drugs; sharps i.e.
needles; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation
e-Linkswww.safework.sa.gov.au
Queensland RACF Design Guidelines
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
www.standards.org.au
AS 1428.1 Design for access and mobility
AS 1470 Health and safety at work
principles and practices
AS 1940 The storage and handling of
flammable and combustible liquids
AS/NZS 3816 Management of clinical and
related wastes
www.safework.sa.gov.au
Workflow and layout Ascertain total storage requirements
Type of goods and equipment to be stored high
risk/ low risk
Minimum access widths between storage areas
Dispensing Storage cupboards / shelves
Secure storage for drugs/ medicines
Preparation areas
Considerations of use Storage- a variety of medication and supplies
Preparation - medications
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2.10 NURSES STATIONS DESIGN
Function: visual monitoring, administration tasks, records storage
e-Linkswww.workcover.vic.gov.au then publications
www.safework.sa.gov.au Safeguard No. GS 43,
GS 31, GS 66/2
Building Code of Australia (BCA)
www.abcb.gov.au
www.standards.org.au
AS 4438 Height adjustable swivel chairs
AS 1680 Interior Lighting
AS 3590 Screen based workstations
AS 3080 Telecommunications installations
HB 59 Ergonomics
AS/NZS 3816 Management of clinical and
related wastes
www.safework.sa.gov.au
Workflow and layout Visual access to facility areas
Access to records/ information/ computer
Ergonomics for furniture
Storage requirements
Furniture and equipment Storage cupboards
Benches/ desk
Computer
Medication trolley/ cupboard
Considerations of use A variety of equipment may be used
Administration
Nurses, carers, visiting practitioners
Potential hazards / risks Tripping; sharp edges; space restrictions; light pooling; privacy restrictions; work bench restrictions; noise; security
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2.11 TOILETS DESIGN
Function: independent or assisted ablutions.
The functional area for a wheelchair bound
patient/resident who requires assistance in a side
transfer.
The functional area for a patient/resident who can stand
on both legs. This transfer requires the option of two staff
assisting by standing either side. The wheelchair is
placed as shown in the diagram. This is also sufficient
space for a patient to transfer with the help of a swivelboard/turntable.
Potential hazards / risks Slippery/wet floors; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; personal emergency - door locked; light pooling; visual
problems re: patterns/contrast
e-LinksWorkSafe Victoria, Designing Workplaces for
Safer Handling of Patients/Residents
www.workcover.vic.gov.au then publications
Queensland RACF Design Guidelines
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
www.standards.org.au
AS 1428.1 Design for access and mobility
AS 3500 Plumbing and Drainage
AS 3661 Slip Resistance of pedestrian surfaces
AS 3666 Air handling & Water Systems of
Buildings
AS 1668 Interior Lighting
www.safework.sa.gov.au
Workflow and Layout Toilet ideally located opposite door
Minimum access space around the toilet for
manoeuvrability for carers, person and equipment
Wheelchair and walking frame storage/ access to
basin
Sanitary ware/ equipment Minimum Specifications and access space apply
Support arms on both sides of the toilet
Ease of use of taps
Considerations of use Carers/ family - assisting with transfers and
personal care
Equipment - a variety of equipment may be used
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2.12 CORRIDORS DESIGN
Function: access to a variety of functions and spaces, flow pathways for people andequipment.
Clear width refers to the unencumbered space
between the handrails.
The amount of clear width required in aged care facilities.
Potential hazards / risks Slippery/wet floors; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; sharp edges; tripping; light pooling; visual problems
re: patterns/contrast
e-Linkswww.safework.sa.gov.au
Queensland RACF Design Guidelines
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
www.standards.org.au
AS 1428.1 Design for access and mobility
AS 1470 Health and safety at work
principles and practices
AS 2441 Installation of fire hose reels
AS 2444 Portable fire extinguishers and fire
blankets
LayoutImpact resistance
Minimum widths apply to trafficable areas
Lines of sight
Reduce obstruction ease of access and egress
Furniture Hall table & chairs in alcoves in some
circumstances
Handrails
Fire safety equipment
Considerations of use Clear access for beds/ equipment
manoeuvrability
Residents, carers, visitors
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2.13 LOUNGE ROOMS DESIGN
Function: relaxation, watching television/DVD/video, games.
Potential hazards / risks Slippery/wet floors; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; sharp edges; tripping; light pooling; visual problems re:
patterns/contrast
e-LinksWorkSafe Victoria, Designing Workplaces for
Safer Handling of Patients/Residents
www.workcover.vic.gov.au then publications
Queensland RACF Design Guidelines
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
Building Code of Australia (BCA)
www.abcb.gov.au
www.standards.org.au
AS1428.1 Design for access and mobility
AS 4688 Furniture Fixed height chairs
AS/NZS 2107 Acoustics Recommended
design sound levels and reverberation times in
building interiors
www.safework.sa.gov.au
Workflow and layout Allowance for Lounge chairs/ recliners and tables
sufficient for number of residents
Separation of activities passive/ active
Television visual comfort and screen size/positioning
Ease of movement
Access and storage for wheelchairs and walkingframes
Furniture & equipment Lounge chairs/ recliners and tables
Display cupboards/ sideboards
Storage cupboards
Audio visual
Considerations of use Carers - assisting with transfers and personal care
Change of use - rooms may be used for other
purposes
Equipment - a variety of equipment may be used
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2.14 SPIRITUAL AREA/HALL DESIGN
Function: spiritual fellowship, quiet contemplation,
Potential hazards / risks Space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; sharp edges; tripping; light pooling; visual problems re: patterns/contrast;
blocked or locked egress routes; double door problems with travel paths; loose safety rails; splintered safety rails;
slipping hazards from spills/wet floors; broken or torn flooring
e-LinksWorkSafe Victoria, Designing Workplaces for
Safer Handling of Patients/Residents
www.workcover.vic.gov.au then publications
Queensland RACF Design Guidelines
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
Building Code of Australia (BCA)
www.abcb.gov.au
www.standards.org.au
AS1428.1 Design for access and mobility
AS 4688 Furniture Fixed height chairs
AS/NZS 2107 Acoustics Recommended
design sound levels and reverberation times in
building interiors
AS 1428.1 Design for access and mobility
AS 1470 Health and safety at work principles
and practices
AS 2441 Installation of fire hose reels
AS 2444 Portable fire extinguishers and fire
blankets
www.safework.sa.gov.au
Workflow and layout Maximum numbers of users at any one time
Access for wheelchairs and walking frames
Visual comfort and lectern height/positioning
Consideration of numbers of persons with regard
to access & egress
Impact resistance
Minimum widths apply to trafficable areas
Lines of si ht
Furniture Lectern
Religious items
Chairs
Tables
Handrails
Fire safety equipment
Considerations of use Carers - assisting with transfers
Change of use - room may be used for other
purposes
Equipment - a variety of equipment may be used
Clear access for resident wheelchairs /
equipment manoeuvrability
General public, visitors
Recessed storage for equipment and supplies
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2.15 HAIRDRESSERS AREA DESIGN
Function: grooming of residents hair. May incorporate beauty treatment in somecircumstances and be used for other purposes.
Potential hazards / risksSlippery/wet floors; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; personal emergency - door locked; light pooling; visual
problems re: patterns/contrast.
e-LinksWorkSafe Victoria, Designing Workplaces for
Safer Handling of Patients/Residents
www.workcover.vic.gov.au then publications
Queensland RACF Design Guidelines
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
Building Code of Australia (BCA)
www.abcb.gov.au
www.standards.org.au
AS1428.1 - Design for access and mobility
AS 4688 Furniture Fixed height chairs
AS 3500 - Plumbing and Drainage
www.safework.sa.gov.au
Workflow and layout Separation of activities washing/ drying/ beauty
treatments
Storage requirements/ Separation of storage for
hair products
Access and storage for wheelchairs and walking
frames
Basins and Furniture Minimum Specifications for basins & wash area
layout
Manoeuvrability and positioning of chairs
Ease of use of taps/ handheld shower outlets
Storage cupboards
Considerations of use Carers - assisting with transfers and personal care
Equipment - a variety of equipment may be used
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2.16 CAFE/INTERNET CAFE AREA DESIGN
Function: meeting place for visitors, residents and staff to enjoy leisure time, eat/drinkand use computers.
Photo sourced from Annda, Hope Valley, Hope
Valley, South Australia
Potential hazards / risksSlippery/wet floors; inadequate ventilation; sharp edges; tripping; light pooling; visual problems re: patterns/contrast;
ergonomic hazards from poorly laid out computer areas; lack of space for wheelchairs to access computers;
overcrowding; slips from spills.
e-LinksWorkSafe Victoria, Designing Workplaces for
Safer Handling of Patients/Residents
www.workcover.vic.gov.au then publications
Queensland RACF Design Guidelines -
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
Building Code of Australia (BCA) -
www.abcb.gov.au
www.standards.org.au
AS1428.1
AS 4688 Furniture Fixed height chairs
AS 4438 - Height adjustable swivel chairs
www.safework.sa.gov.au
Layout Ease of movement around tables & chairs
Separation of activities (i.e. caf versus internet
cubicles)
Minimum access/ traffic flow pattern for sales
counter
Access and storage for wheelchairs and walking
frames
Bins/ rubbish removal
Commercial kitchen design requirements
Furniture Tables & chairs
Serving counter
Computer visual comfort and screen
size/positioning
Considerations of use Carers - assisting with transfers and personal care
Change of use - rooms may be used for other
purposes
Equipment - a variety of equipment may be used
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2.17 MAINTENANCE AREA DESIGN
Function: workshop activities, storage of supplies, tools, plant and electrical equipment,chemicals.
Potential hazards / risks Slippery/wet floors; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; light pooling
e-Linkswww.safework.sa.gov.au
Queensland RACF Design Guidelines -
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
www.standards.org.au
AS 1428.1 - Design for access and mobility
AS 1470 - Health and safety at work
principles and practices
AS 1940 - The storage and handling of
flammable and combustible liquids
Workflow and layoutWorkshop workflow requirements
Storage requirements for portable & fixed equipment
Minimum access widths and working area around
machinery & equipment
Furniture Work bench - heights/ adjustability/
manoeuvrability
Desk & chair/ notice board
Shelving height and accessibility
Garden equipment/ machinery
Considerations of use
Garage/ store of excess equipment & supplies
Equipment - a variety of equipment may be used
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2.18 PAN/SLUICE ROOM DESIGN
Function: disposal of blood and body waste, cleaning of equipment.
Potential hazards / risks Slippery/wet floors; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; biological and infectious waste; chemicals; latex
allergy; slips from spills; ventilation
e-LinksQueensland RACF Design Guidelines -
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
www.standards.org.au
AS 2437 - Flusher/sanitizer for bed pans and
urine bottles
AS 1428.1 - Design for access and mobility
AS 3500 - Plumbing and Drainage
AS 3661 - Slip Resistance of pedestrian
surfaces
AS 3666 - Air handling & Water Systems of
Buildings
AS 1668 - The use of ventilation and air
conditioning in Buildings
AS 1680 - Interior Lighting
HB 260
www.safework.sa.gov.au
Workflow and layout Storage requirements
Access widths and working area around wash
area
Height of washing areas and washing hose
hook-up
Basins and equipmentMinimum Specifications and access space apply
Equipment for managing human waste
Ease of use of taps
Considerations of use Nurses/ carers/ cleaners
Equipment - a variety of equipment may be
used
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2.19 RECEPTION AREA DESIGN
Function: phone reception, receiving visitors/members of the general public/contractors.
Potential hazards / risks Tripping / sharp edges/ space restrictions/ light pooling/ visual problems re: patterns/contrast; security; ergonomic
hazards form poor workstation design
e-Linkswww.safework.sa.gov.au - Safeguard No. GS
43, GS 31, GS 66/2
Building Code of Australia (BCA) -
www.abcb.gov.au
www.standards.org.au - for these and otherrelevant Australian Standards
AS 3590 Screen based workstations
AS 4438 - Height adjustable swivel chairs
AS 1680 Interior lighting
As 3080 - Telecommunications installations
HB 59 Ergonomics
www.safework.sa.gov.au
Workflow and layout Exit and Entry traffic flow through main doors
Reception counter positioned to avoid congestion
Delineated waiting areas separate from traffic
flow/reception
Wheelchair and walking frame access/ storage
Displays of information
Furniture Reception counter functionality and ergonomics
Waiting chairs and tables ergonomics
Considerations of use Public access/ visitors/ contractors
Carers/ family - assisting residents
Equipment - a variety of equipment may be used
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2.20 THERAPY AREA DESIGN
Function: provision of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, group therapy activities,treatment rooms/cubicles/screened areas.
Potential hazards / risksSlippery/wet floors; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; light pooling; visual problems re: patterns/contrast
e-LinksWorkSafe Victoria, Designing Workplaces for
Safer Handling of Patients/Residents
www.workcover.vic.gov.au then publications
Queensland RACF Design Guidelines -
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
Building Code of Australia (BCA) -
www.abcb.gov.au
www.standards.org.au
AS1428.1
AS 4688 Furniture Fixed height chairs
AS 4438 - Height adjustable swivel chairs
AS 2500 - Guide to the safe use of electricity
in patient care
www.safework.sa.gov.au
Workflow and Layout Required number of therapy suites/ cubicle
Multi purpose therapy floor area as per service needs
Waiting areas to suit wheelchair and walking frame
access and storage
Space around massage tables/ lifting equipment
Hydro therapy - issues regarding pool safety/ traffic
flow
Storage requirements for therapy equipment
Furniture/Equipment Provisions for lifting equipment/ ceiling mounting
Therapy beds access for patient and staff
Gym equipment/ basins/ sinks
Storage cupboards/ privacy screens
Considerations of use Aids & Carers - assisting with transfers
Change of use - rooms may be used for other
purposes
Equipment - a variety of equipment may be used
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2.21 DRESSING ROOM (CLINICAL) DESIGN
Function:, storage of dressings, equipment, treatment preparation.
e-LinksQueensland RACF Design Guidelines -
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
www.standards.org.au
AS 1428.1 - Design for access and mobility
AS 1470 - Health and safety at work
principles and practices
AS 1940 - The storage and handling of
flammable and combustible liquids
AS 1680 Interior lighting
AS/NZS 3816 - Management of clinical and
related wastes
www.safework.sa.gov.au
Workflow and layout Positioning of cupboards and bench/ sink to assist
workflow
Sufficient trolley turning space
Storage requirements specific to items and
equipment
Furniture / equipment Built in cupboards/ benches/storage
Mobile dressing trolley
Bench top fridge for medications/ dressings
Basin/ sink
Considerations of useNurses/ carers
Equipment type, dimensions, storage and access
Potential hazards / risks Tripping; sharp edges; space restrictions; space restrictions; privacy; temperatures; latex allergy
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2.22 DOCTORS ROOM DESIGN
Function: visiting general practitioners for consulting with residents. The room may beused by allied health practitioners depending on the facility infrastructure and siterequirements.
Potential hazards / risks Tripping; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; light pooling
e-LinksQueensland RACF Design Guidelines -
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
www.standards.org.au
AS 1428.1 - Design for access and mobility
AS 1470 - Health and safety at work
principles and practices
AS 1940 - The storage and handling of
flammable and combustible liquids
AS/NZS 3816 - Management of clinical and
related wastes
AS 2500 - Guide to the safe use of electricity in
patient care
www.safework.sa.gov.au
Workflow and layout Access and storage for wheelchairs and walking
frames
Location of Patient bed/ desk for ease of
consultation
Separation of storage requirements (i.e. medical
supplies)
Basins Specification of basins
Ease of use of taps
Considerations of use Use by multiple practitioners/ nurses
Equipment - a variety of equipment may be used
Furniture / equipment Desk/chairs and computer
Patient bed/ lifting equipment/ steps
Storage of medical supplies
Storage units/ built ins for paperwork/ reference
material
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2.23 TRAINING ROOM DESIGN
Function: in-service education, staff and management meetings, education resources.The training room may be used for other purposes such as an interview room and staffroom depending on the facility infrastructure and site requirements.
Potential hazards / risks Tripping; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; visual problems re: patterns/contrast; lighting
e-LinksWorkSafe Victoria, Designing Workplaces for
Safer Handling of Patients/Residents
www.workcover.vic.gov.au then publications
Queensland RACF Design Guidelines -
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
Building Code of Australia (BCA) -
www.abcb.gov.au
www.standards.org.au
AS1428.1
AS 4688 Furniture Fixed height chairs
www.safework.sa.gov.au
Workflow and layout Access and circulation around tables and
chairs
Consideration of location of fixed audio visual
equipment for presentations
Consideration of numbers of persons with
regard to access & egress
Furniture / equipment Audio visual equipment
Tables & chairs ergonomics
Storage/ display cupboards
Side board
Portable whiteboard/ screen
Considerations of use Multiple use as a meeting/ board room
Staff & visitors
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2.24 OUTDOOR AREAS DESIGN
The design of the site plan incorporating the facility buildings in relation to the outsideareas is important regarding the access to the building, lighting, ventilation, the creationof separate areas for residents, secure gardens, and management/maintenance. Thetypes of vegetation, pathways, access points and screening/shelter are also importantto consider in the overall plan.
Potential hazards / risks Slippery/wet paths; space restrictions; inadequate shelter; inadequate light; poorly secured; uneven surfaces
e-LinkQueensland RACF Design Guidelines -
www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/
www.standards.org.au
AS 1428.1 - Design for access and mobility
AS 1470 - Health and safety at work
principles and practices
AS 1657 - Fixed platforms, walkways,stairways, and ladders
AS1158 - Lighting for roads and public spaces
AS3661 - Slip Resistance of pedestrian
surfaces
AS1345 - Identification of the contents of pipes,
conduits and ducts
AS2441 - Installation of Fire hose reels
AS 1768 Lightning protection
AS 3671 - Traffic noise intrusion in buildings
AS 4282 - Control of obtrusive effects of
outdoor lighting
http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/
Crime Prevention Through Environmental
Design
www.penrithcity.nsw.gov.au/index.asp?id=860
Flow and layout Variety of accessible and inaccessible
landscape areas
Consideration of therapeutic and sensory
plantings/ raised garden beds
Screening and shelter/ activity areas
Minimum access widths for paths around
buildings, passing spots, materials
Way finding
Furniture and fixtures Perimeter fencing - security and design
Water features - safety features and
management
Outdoor chairs and tables - heights and
ergonomics
Garden ornaments & lighting
Garden equipment
Considerations of use Equipment - a variety of equipment may be
used
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PRINCIPLES OF SAFE DESIGN
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3. THE PRINCIPLES AND PROCESS OF SAFE DESIGN
3.1 LEVELS AND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY
The principles of safe design were considered in section 1.3 above and, therefore will not be covered in detail here.
As an explanation of applying the principles of safe design in a process for the industry to utilise, the principles of safe
design can be summarised as:
Owners and designers levels of responsibility are equivalent to those of any employer under the OHS legislation
and are based on their responsibility to take reasonable steps to eliminate hazards and minimise risks, to th