Annex A (Detailed Discussion)

BACKGROUND

The 7th Infantry Division, Philippine Army is currently paying an average of 1.2 Million Pesos worth of monthly bills for its power consumptions this includes post and tenant units inside camp. One among of its tenant unit is Combat Arms School, TRADOC, PA.

The Combat Arms School, TRADOC, PA is catering large number of students both basic and advance courses from Artillery and Infantry AFPOS. The demand of electricity is become one of the major concern need to be addressed. The unit need to generate an average of eight thousand five hundred kilowatt hours (8,500 KWH) monthly of electricity to accomplish its mission essential activities.

Over the years, the unit rely on power grid lines provided by Nueva Ecija Electric Cooperative, Incorporated – Area 2 on its daily electric consumption. There are times that said lines were disrupted by destructive natural calamities and other interruptions due to falling trees and explosions of aged transformers and wires.

On the other hand, viewing in a wider spectrum, the supply of electricity nationwide is become insufficient due to the increasing market demand that resulted to a high cost. But the government still acted to resolve these phenomena with a better solution.

Aside from that our country energy mostly comes from fossil fuels, which pollute the environment in all phases of our lifecycles, from resource recovery to refinement processes to our final consumption as fuel. The combustion of hydrocarbons necessarily releases carbon dioxide, the most prevalent of the set of greenhouse gases that have been determined to contribute to global climate change. The use of coal, leading source of electric power, is particularly deleterious to the environment; in addition to contributing to greenhouse gas emissions, coal has been implicated in the annual global release of tens of thousands of tons of radioactive isotopes into the atmosphere. Almost all power plants consume large amounts of fresh water from lakes and rivers to cool their heat-intensive generators or to push turbines functioning, a resource cost that is often overlooked when considering the impacts of energy production.

With the stated above considerations, there is a need to come-up to a more sustainable source of energy which is eco-friendly, not harmful to lifecycle, less expensive and yet it can provide efficient electricity.

DISCUSSION

There are three (3) Courses of Actions (COA’s) were being considered, evaluated and tested in terms of its suitability, feasibility and acceptability (see annex). Discussed with their advantages and disadvantages as follows:

COA 1: Installation of solar panels.

The sun’s energy is free; so by the technology of solar panels we can generate power to complement the demand of electricity in Combat Arms School, TRADOC, PA.

On the operational aspects, solar energy has the potential to provide a potent alternative energy source and decrease humanity’s dependence on traditional energy sources. Moving away from the use of hydrocarbon and other fuels reduces the emissions of harmful substances into all environmental media, while simultaneously providing a more sustainable source of energy.

On the resources aspects, the problems associated with fossil fuels are of growing national concern when faced with the possibilities of global climate change and decreasing supplies of fresh, unpolluted water. The depletion of country’s available deposits of fossil fuels and other fuel material is inevitable if no viable alternative source is found. By using the technology of solar panels, I think we would be able to postpone, or even prevent, the exhaustion of our country available resources.

However, on the level of unit fund availability we believe it is preferable to program this project by capital outlay. Maybe it will a little bit costly at first but by the time goes by it will provide a general financial savings effects in our national budget as a whole. Remember that 7th Infantry Division, Philippine Army is paying an average of 1.2 Million Pesos worth of monthly bills for its power consumptions. With the advent of this technology and its application, the 7th Infantry Division will lessen its burden on electric consumptions.

SPECIFICATIONS(Solar Panel)

Module 230 Watt Solar PanelMaximum Pow er at STC (Pmax) 230WpMaximum Pow er Voltage (Vmp) 30.2VMaximum Pow er Current (Imp) 7.62AOpen-circuit Voltage (Voc) 36.9VShort-circuit Current (Isc) 8.31ACell Efficiency (%) 16.00%Module Efficiency (%) 14.05%Operating Temperature (ºC) -40ºC～+90ºCMaximum System Voltage (V) DC 1000V(TUV) / DC600V(UL)Maximum Rated Current Series (A) 12APower Tolerance -3～+3%

Temperature Coefficients of Pmax (-0.45±0.05) %/ºCTemperature Coefficients of Voc (0.05±0.01) %/ºCTemperature Coefficients of Isc (-0.35±0.02) %/ºCNOTC (ºC) (47±2) ºCMATERIALSCell Type Mono Crystalline 156*156No. of Cells 60 (6×10)Dimension 1650x996x46mmWeight 18.5kgFront Glass Tempered GlassFrame Anodized Aluminum AlloyJunction Box IP 65 Rated (Black), IECOutput Cables TUV 1×4mm2, length: 900mmConnector MC4Encapsulation Material EVA, 0.50±0.03mmBack Foil White TPT, 0.32±0.03mmFixing Adhesive Silicone Sealant (White)Price Php 42,000.00

FRONT VIEW

SOLAR PANEL ILLUSTRATIONS

SIDE VIEW BACK VIEW

SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

INSTALLATION DIAGRAM # 1

INSTALLATION DIAGRAM # 2

3 DIMENSIONAL DIAGRAM

LOAD ANALYSIS(During Conduct of Classes)

DC LOADSLOAD DISCRIPTION

QUANTITYPOWER RATING (Watt)

TOTAL POWER (Watt)

OPERATING TIME (Hrs/Day)

ENERGY CONSUMPTION (WH/Day)

A/C small unit 3 660 1,980 6 11,880Refrigerator 3 200 600 24 14,400Television Set 2 185 370 2 740Computer Set 8 185 1,480 2 2,960Water Dispenser 8 200 1,600 8 12,800

Plug Loads 46 100 4,600 1 4,600Lights 60 15 900 6 5,400Fan 22 50 1,100 1 1,100Stereo Set 1 40 40 1 40Radio Commo Set 1 40 40 24 960

12,710 189 54,880AC LOADS

Total AC Power: 12,710 wattsTotal DC Power: 0 wattTotal Daily AC Energy Consumption: 54,880 wh/dayTotal Daily DC Energy Consumption: 0 wh/dayWeighted Operating Time: 3.1 h/day Inverter Efficiency: 0.95 Average Daily DC Energy Consumption: 57,626 wh/day

MAINTENANCE

Proper maintenance ensures that solar system life is preserved for as long as possible and the original conditions of the system are sustained, while compensating for normal wear and tear. Solar systems require little maintenance as compared to other electric systems such as diesel generators; however, they are not maintenance free. This document provides instructions on performing preventative maintenance on major components of a solar PV system:

1. Battery: Two common types of batteries used in solar installations.

Sealed Gel Battery

Deep Cycle Flooded -Lead Acid Battery

Batteries should be regularly and carefully maintained to extend their useful life. These activities include:

a. Inspecting and cleaning regularly.b. Checking the electrolyte level (not required for Gel Batteries).c. Keeping in a high state of charge.

2. Solar Panels: The solar array (a number of solar panels connected together) is often thought to be maintenance free. However, occasional maintenance and inspection of the solar array must be performed to ensure the optimal use of the solar panels. This can be done by keeping the surface (glass) area of the module clean from any excess dirt.

a. To remove a layer of dust and dirt from the modules, simply wash the panel with water. If the module has thick dirt or grime and bird droppings, which are harder to remove, wash with cold water and rub the panel surface with a sponge.b. A visual inspection of the modules can then be done to check for defects in the modules such as cracks, chips, de-lamination, fogged glazing, water leaks and

discoloration. If any obvious defects are found, note their location in the system logbook, so they can be monitored in the future in case further deterioration affects the modules’ output.

c. The condition of the array mounting frame should also be noted. Items to observe should include the array mounting bolts (e.g. bolt rusting) and checks to ensure that the frame and modules are firmly secured. The junction boxes should also be checked to ensure that the wires are not chewed by rodents or insects.

3. Inverter/Charge Controller: This component can be maintained by minimizing dust accumulation. A dry cloth should be used to wipe away any accumulated dirt/dust. A visual inspection should be done to ensure that all the indicators such as LED lights are working and that the wires leading to and from this device are not loose. Note that the charge controller should indicate that the system is charging when the sun is up. If not, contact the installer immediately.

4. Wiring and connections: Wiring installations should be checked for any cracks, breaks or deterioration in the insulation/conduits. Inspect panel boxes to ensure that they have not become a home for rodents and insects. Also inspect connections for any corrosion and/or burning. Switches should not spark when turned on or off. The following sections of conduit and wiring should be checked for any signs of damage:

• Solar panels to the charge controller • Charge controller to the battery bank • Inverter/charger to the battery bank • Generator to Inverter/charger • Inverter/charger and Generator to the AC outlets • Battery bank to the DC outlets/load.

COA 2: Procure power generator set.Using of electric generator will help also to lessen electricity consumption from

power grid distributors. It is an alternative way of generating power through the use of fuels.

On the operational aspects,

On the resources aspects,

3 DIMENSIONAL DIAGRAM

MAINTENANCEa. VISUAL: The surrounding area should also be kept free of debris and

provide sufficient ventilation during b. INSPECTION: operation. When the generator is not running, conduct

weekly inspections of the surrounding area to ensure fluids, such as oil and coolant, are not leaking. Inspect the exhaust system, including the manifold, muffler, and exhaust pipe. All connecting gaskets, joints, and welds should be thoroughly checked for potential leaks. Clean the starting and electrical system terminals. Connections should be tight and free from corrosion. Any adverse conditions should be corrected promptly by a qualified technician.

c. COOLING SYSTEM: Periodically check the coolant level. The cooling fluid mix is a balanced solution and varies from manufacturer to manufacturer. Don’t mix your own. Make sure the solution you use is approved for use in your engine. Clean the radiator to remove any dust and/or debris, taking care not to damage the fins. Check that the coolant heater is operating correctly by monitoring the discharge temperature.

d. FUEL SYSTEM: Check the fuel delivery system periodically for leaks and correct pressure during exercise. Check fittings and connections; tighten them as needed. Drain and clean fuel filters monthly. Examine charge-air piping, and supply hoses for leaks, holes, and damaged seals. The fuel system and charge-air cooler should also be free of dirt and debris. Also check the fuel delivery system for leaks and the correct pressure. Fuel maintenance is another important aspect of generator maintenance. Gasoline and diesel fuel degrade over time, separating and even growing micro-biological organisms. The fuel tank should be equipped with a plug or valve which allows the water to be drained from the tank periodically. A fuel sample, taken from the bottom and from the supply line, should be visually examined monthly. The fuel should look like new fuel; otherwise it should be filtered or replaced.

Fuel tanks should be sized so that the fuel is turned over on a regular basis. As a rule of thumb diesel fuel should be turned over or replaced on an annual basis. A proper fuel maintenance program is important. Please see HSB’s Recommended Practice for a Diesel Fuel Maintenance Program for more information.

e. BATTERIES: Batteries should be checked to make sure they are fully charged. The batteries must be tested

f. WIRING: Simply checking the voltage is an inaccurate method of testing power, as batteries change internally over time. They should be kept clean and free of corrosion. Where appropriate, check the specific gravity and electrolyte levels. All engine wiring should have tight connections and be free of corrosion or damage. Check with your generator manufacturer for their recommended battery and wiring practices, cleaning agents and solutions.

g. GENERATOR: Exercise your engine-generator under a load monthly. Like humans, regular exercise keeps generators fit and in prime condition. During dynamic testing engine parts become lubricated, oxidation is prevented, old fuel is consumed, and overall functionality is ensured. Operate the generator monthly at a load of at least 30% of the nameplate rating for no shorter than 30 minutes. The generator should be operated for a minimum of 1 hour at 100% of the nameplate capacity at least annually. When testing a stationary unit, testing should be done through the ATS to ensure the entire system works properly. If it is not possible or practical to use a site load for the test a load bank should be used.

Sometimes problems only become noticeable during operation. Therefore it is important operators remain attentive for unusual circumstances, e.g. abnormal sights, sounds, vibration, excessive smoke or changes in fuel consumption. Remember to check for leaks, loose connections or components, and abnormal operating conditions. Correct these as necessary.

COA 3: Strict implementation of energy conservation.

Strict implementation of energy conservation is one way of controlling energy consumption. This involves time management and routine conduct of inspection to farcicalities within the camp periphery of 7th Infantry Division, Philippine Army. This includes post and tenants unit facilities. One of among tenants unit is Combat Arms School, TRADOC, PA.

On operational aspects, (see policy and guidelines enclosed). The implementation of this is considered very crucial and yet limits office daily output. But it will value electricity in a given period of time.

On the recourses aspects,

SCHEDULINGUNIT DAY TIME

TABULATED DATA

(Comparative Analysis of COA’s according to Advantages and Disadvantages)

ADVANTAGESCOA 1 COA 2 COA 3Operational AspectsEcological Friendly.Preserving Lifecycle.Low cost electricity in the long run.Can generate sufficient electricity.Fixed and not easy be destructed by strong winds and storms.Lesser possibility for explosions and cause for burns.Can be controlled and easy to install.Energy is free from the sun.

Resources Aspects ( money and manpower)At first is quiet costly but later it provide low cost of electricity.Use capital outlay

DISADVANTAGESCOA 1 COA 2 COA 3Operational Aspects

Resources Aspects ( money and manpower)

RECAPITULATION

ACCORDING TO COA 1 COA 2 COA 3AdvantagesDisadvantages

RECOMMENDATION

Based on the discussion, we therefore recommend that COA 1 is the best COA having a lasting effect of generating electricity for Combat Arms School, TRADOC, PA. With this, said school will be no longer dependent to the power grid

paid with high cost by 7th Infantry Division, Philippine Army. In the same way, this simple and little way the school helps in reducing high demand of electricity nationwide and promote ecological and life preservation.