St. Paul College Open Source Textbooks

January 10, 2014

Kristi Jensen, MLSeLearning Librarian, University Libraries

Open Textbook InitiativeUniversity of Minnesota

Education

http://www.flickr.com/photos/rocketboom/4400484443/

“…higher education shall beequally accessible to all…”

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (United Nations) - http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/

http://www9.georgetown.edu/grad/gppi/hpi/cew/pdfs/collegepayoff-complete.pdf

QuestionHow many low and moderate-income college-qualified high school graduates did not complete college in the last decade due to cost barriers?

The cost barrier kept

2.4 million

low and moderate-income college-qualified high school graduates from completing college in the previous

decade.

The Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED529499.pdf

Financial stresses arethe main reason that

46%

of enrolled students do not graduatewith any credential within six years.

HCM Strategists http://www.hcmstrategists.com/americandream2-0/report/HCM_Gates_Report_1_17_web.pdf

QuestionIn 2002, students borrowed $56 billion.

In 2012, students borrowed $__________.

In 2012, students borrowed

$113 billion

(compare to $56 billion in 2002)

HCM Strategists http://www.hcmstrategists.com/americandream2-0/report/HCM_Gates_Report_1_17_web.pdf

The average borrowerowes more than

$29,400

in student loans(class of 2012)

Institute for College Access and Success http://www.ticas.org/files/pub/Release_SDR12_101812.pdf

1/2006

5/2006

9/2006

1/2007

5/2007

9/2007

1/2008

5/2008

9/2008

1/2009

5/2009

9/2009

1/2010

5/2010

9/2010

1/2011

5/2011

9/2011

1/2012

5/2012

9/2012

1/2013

5/2013

$400,000,000,000

$500,000,000,000

$600,000,000,000

$700,000,000,000

$800,000,000,000

$900,000,000,000

$1,000,000,000,000

$1,100,000,000,000

$1,200,000,000,000

$1,300,000,000,000

Student Loan Debt Consumer Revolving CreditFederal Reserve http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g19/Current/

What can we do?Tuition and FeesRoom and Board

Books and SuppliesPersonal Expenses

Transportation

https://bigfuture.collegeboard.org/pay-for-college/college-costs/quick-guide-college-costs

What can we do?Tuition and FeesRoom and Board

Books and SuppliesPersonal Expenses

Transportation

https://bigfuture.collegeboard.org/pay-for-college/college-costs/quick-guide-college-costs

Textbooks

QuestionCompared to the rate of inflation, how much have textbook prices increased in the past 30 years?

Textbook prices have risen

4x

the rate of inflation.

https://bigfuture.collegeboard.org/pay-for-college/college-costs/quick-guide-college-costs

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

0%

100%

200%

300%

400%

500%

600%

700%

Textbooks CPI

Cost Increase – Textbooks vs. Inflation

Bureau of Labor Statistics http://www.bls.gov/cpi/

QuestionHow much can the average student expect to pay for textbooks and course materials in 2013-14?

The average studentcan expect to pay

$1,200

on textbooks and coursematerials in 2013-14.

https://bigfuture.collegeboard.org/pay-for-college/college-costs/quick-guide-college-costs

http://www.mndaily.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/node_image_full/images/cartoons/2013/12/stopCartoon1204%20%281%29.jpg

A broken modelThere is a lot to indicate that the college textbook publishing system is broken. Students complain about textbook prices. The sales of used books, for which publishers receive no revenue, reduce sales of new books thereby prompting publishers to increase prices to compensate for lost revenue. Instructors require publishers to produce a host of expensive supplementary materials, such as instructor manuals, test bank questions, and PowerPoint slides, which drive the cost of textbook even higher. And of course, students don't decide which textbooks they use; that decision is made by their instructors. There is a fundamental disconnect between publishers and a large subset of their customers.

http://www.techrepublic.com/resource-library/whitepapers/textbook-publishing-in-the-21st-century-changing-the-higher-education-system

How do students approach the issue of textbook costs?

ImpactBuy used

RenteTextbooks

Delay purchasingNever purchase

Purchase old editionPirate

Take fewer coursesNot register for specific courses

Earn a poor gradeDrop a course

Impact

25% savings

Not always available

Not always the right edition

http://www.slideshare.net/txtbks/open-education-and-solving-the-textbook-cost-crisis

Buy usedRent

eTextbooksDelay purchasing

Never purchasePurchase old edition

PirateTake fewer courses

Not register for specific coursesEarn a poor grade

Drop a course

ImpactBuy used

RenteTextbooks

Delay purchasingNever purchase

Purchase old editionPirate

Take fewer coursesNot register for specific courses

Earn a poor gradeDrop a course

Impact

33% savingsNot always available

Must return the book after course completion

Can’t write or highlight in textbook

Buy usedRent

eTextbooksDelay purchasing

Never purchasePurchase old edition

PirateTake fewer courses

Not register for specific coursesEarn a poor grade

Drop a course

http://www.slideshare.net/txtbks/open-education-and-solving-the-textbook-cost-crisis

ImpactBuy used

RenteTextbooks

Delay purchasingNever purchase

Purchase old editionPirate

Take fewer coursesNot register for specific courses

Earn a poor gradeDrop a course

Impact

8% savingsNot always available

Lease modelDRM

“Book under glass”

Buy usedRent

eTextbooksDelay purchasing

Never purchasePurchase old edition

PirateTake fewer courses

Not register for specific coursesEarn a poor grade

Drop a course

http://www.slideshare.net/txtbks/open-education-and-solving-the-textbook-cost-crisis

Impact

38%

of 4th and 5th-year students report that they have had to wait for their

financial aid check to purchase textbooks.Unpublished Minnesota State University Student Association survey

Buy usedRent

eTextbooksDelay purchasing

Never purchasePurchase old edition

PirateTake fewer courses

Not register for specific coursesEarn a poor grade

Drop a course

Impact

Question

How many students surveyed had not

purchased a required textbook due to cost?

http://www.slideshare.net/txtbks/open-education-and-solving-the-textbook-cost-crisis

Buy usedRent

eTextbooksDelay purchasing

Never purchasePurchase old edition

PirateTake fewer courses

Not register for specific coursesEarn a poor grade

Drop a course

Impact

7/10

students surveyed hadn’t bought

a required textbookdue to cost.

Buy usedRent

eTextbooksDelay purchasing

Never purchasePurchase old edition

PirateTake fewer courses

Not register for specific coursesEarn a poor grade

Drop a course

http://www.slideshare.net/txtbks/open-education-and-solving-the-textbook-cost-crisis

Impact

"I figured French hadn't changed that much.”

- U of MN Student

Buy usedRent

eTextbooksDelay purchasing

Never purchasePurchase old edition

PirateTake fewer courses

Not register for specific coursesEarn a poor grade

Drop a course

Impact

2010 2013

Electronic Files

20% 34%

Photocopying 21% 31%

Buy usedRent

eTextbooksDelay purchasing

Never purchasePurchase old edition

PirateTake fewer courses

Not register for specific coursesEarn a poor grade

Drop a course

http://thedailycougar.com/2013/08/25/bts-textbook-piracy-rise/

ImpactBuy used

RenteTextbooks

Delay purchasingNever purchase

Purchase old editionPirate

Take fewer/different coursesNot register for specific courses

Earn a poor gradeDrop a course

49.2%

took fewer courses

http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2012_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.pdf

ImpactBuy used

RenteTextbooks

Delay purchasingNever purchase

Purchase old editionPirate

Take fewer/different coursesNot register for specific courses

Earn a poor gradeDrop a course

45.1%

didn’t register for a specific course

http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2012_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.pdf

ImpactBuy used

RenteTextbooks

Delay purchasingNever purchase

Purchase old editionPirate

Take fewer/different coursesEarn a poor grade

Drop a course

33.9%

earned a poor grade because they could not

afford to buy the textbook

http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2012_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.pdf

ImpactBuy used

RenteTextbooks

Delay purchasingNever purchase

Purchase old editionPirate

Take fewer/different coursesEarn a poor grade

Drop a course

http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2012_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.pdf

17.0%

failed a course because they could not afford to

buy the textbook

ImpactBuy used

RenteTextbooks

Delay purchasingNever purchase

Purchase old editionPirate

Take fewer/different coursesEarn a poor grade

Drop/withdraw from a course

26.7%

dropped a course

http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2012_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.pdf

ImpactBuy used

RenteTextbooks

Delay purchasingNever purchase

Purchase old editionPirate

Take fewer/different coursesEarn a poor grade

Drop/withdraw from a course

20.7%

withdrew from a course

http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2012_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.pdf

Open

Shared ContentMIT OCW

FlickrJamendo

Google ImagesTED Talks

BY

NC

SA

ND

Definition of “Open”

ReuseReviseRemix

Redistribute

http://opencontent.org/definition/

Definition of “Open”

ReuseReviseRemix

Redistribute

the right to reuse the content in its unaltered /

verbatim form

e.g., make a backup copy of the content

http://opencontent.org/definition/

Definition of “Open”

ReuseReviseRemix

Redistribute

the right to adapt, adjust, modify, or alter

the content itself

e.g., translate the content into another

language

http://opencontent.org/definition/

Definition of “Open”

ReuseReviseRemix

Redistribute

the right to combine the original or revised content with other content to create something new

e.g., incorporate the content into a mashup

http://opencontent.org/definition/

Definition of “Open”

ReuseReviseRemix

Redistribute

the right to share copies of the original content, your revisions, or your

remixes with others

e.g., give a copy of the content to a friend

http://opencontent.org/definition/

Open Educational ResourcesMIT OCW

FlickrJamendo

Google ImagesTED Talks

Open Textbooks

Definition of “Open”

ReuseReviseRemix

Redistribute

http://opencontent.org/definition/

Open Textbooks80 - 100% savings

All students have access to the content from the first day of class

“The right edition” is no longer an issueRetain access to the content forever

Can write or highlight in textbook

Where do they come from?• Foundation funded• Government funded• Publishers• Professional organizations• Individual faculty

What happens?Students in courses that used open textbooks tended to have higher grades and lower failing and withdrawal rates than those in courses that did not use open texts.

http://www.eurodl.org/?p=current&article=533

What happens?• Textbook can be edited to fit the

exact content needs of the course.

University of Minnesota pilot11 faculty adopted an open textbook1107 students saved an average of $131 (over $145,000 total)3 faculty edited a Statistics textbook (including adding a chapter) to better fit their students’ needs

Barriers• Faculty may be unaware of the issues.• Faculty may not know what “open” is,

and that open textbooks may exist as an option.

• Faculty don’t know where to find open textbooks.

• Faculty don’t know if an open textbook is quality.

79,000 Visits

178 Countries

“This is a boon not only to students in the United States but also in other countries. There is so much potential world-wide that is not realized because of the lack of access to quality study material.”

- Faculty Member, University of Zimbabwe

So, what can I do?Encourage

ExploreAdoptAuthor

Advocate

open.umn.edu

dernst@umn.edu

David Ernst

kjensen@umn.edu

Kristi Jensen