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St. Mary’s Church, London Road, Greenhithe, Kent:

A Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Evaluation

Planning Application: DA/10/01465/FUL National Grid Reference Number: TQ 58595 74674

AOC Project No: 32358 Site Code: MAG13

Date: February 2013

© AOC Archaeology Group 2013

© AOC Archaeology 2013 | i | www.aocarchaeology.com

www.aocarchaeology.com

St Mary’s Church, London Road, Greenhithe, Kent:

A Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Evaluation

On Behalf of: St Mary Greenhithe Parochial Church Council St Mary’s Church London Road Greenhithe DA9 9ND National Grid Reference (NGR): TQ 58595 74674 AOC Project No: 32358 Prepared by: Les Capon Illustration by: Gísli Pálsson

Date: February 2013

This document has been prepared in accordance with AOC standard operating procedures. Author: Les Capon Date: February 2013 Approved by: Paul Mason Date: February 2013 Draft/Final Report Stage: Draft Date: February 2013

Enquiries to: AOC Archaeology Group Unit 7 St Margarets Business Centre Moor Mead Road Twickenham TW1 1JS Tel. 020 8843 7380 Fax. 020 8892 0549 e-mail. [email protected]

ST MARY’S CHURCH, LONDON ROAD, GREENHITHE, KENT: A WRITTEN SCHEME OF INVESTIGATION FOR AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION

© AOC Archaeology 2013 | ii | www.aocarchaeology.com

Contents Page

1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................................ 1 2 Planning Background............................................................................................................................................ 1 3 Geology .................................................................................................................................................................. 1 4 Archaeological and Historical Background......................................................................................................... 2 5 Aims of the Investigation ...................................................................................................................................... 3 6 Scope of Works and Strategy ............................................................................................................................... 4 7 Methodology........................................................................................................................................................... 4 8 Report and Archive Preparation........................................................................................................................... 7 9 Health and Safety................................................................................................................................................... 8 10 General ................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Appendix A – General ..................................................................................................................................................... 15 Appendix B – Specialist Staff......................................................................................................................................... 17 Appendix C – Kent Archaeology Fieldwork Notification Form ................................................................................... 18 Appendix D – OASIS Form ............................................................................................................................................. 19 Appendix E – Archaeological Archive Consent Form ................................................................................................. 21

Illustrations Figure 1 – Site Location

Figure 2 – Trench Location Plan


© AOC Archaeology 2013 | PAGE 1 | www.aocarchaeology.com

1 Introduction 1.1 This document is a Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) setting out a methodology for an

archaeological evaluation at St Mary’s Church, London Road, Greenhithe, Kent (Figure 1).

1.2 The development site is located on the southern side of London Road, northeast of Bean Road, which is east of the roundabout on St Clements Road/Station Road. Mounts Road bounds the site to the east. The site is located at National Grid Reference (NGR) TQ 58595 74674 and is roughly rectangular in plan. The site measures 2,430 sqm.

1.3 The site is dominated by St Mary’s Church, which stands largely on a flat terrace raised above the natural slope of London Road, with a sharp drop on the western side. The site also contains a hall and rectory (Figure 2).

1.4 The development consists of excavations in advance of a new car park, car park entrance, associated works and a detached garage.

1.5 This WSI details how the evaluation will be carried out. All works will be undertaken by a team of professional archaeologists.

2 Planning Background 2.1 The local planning authority is Dartford Borough Council. Archaeological advice to the borough is

provided by Wendy Rogers of Kent County Council.

2.2 The site lies within an area of archaeological potential, due to past discoveries of Roman burials, prehistoric tools, as well as Roman settlements. The underlying geology of Boyn Hill Gravels contains important remains of Palaeolithic date, and, if present, would be considered of national importance.

2.3 Planning permission was granted under the application DA/10/01465/FUL. A condition was attached to the permission which states:

No development shall take place until the applicant has secured and had implemented a programme of archaeological work in accordance with a written specification and timetable which has been submitted to and approved by or on behalf of the Local Planning Authority.

2.4 Wendy Rogers (KCC) has subsequently produced a specification for archaeological evaluation comprising the excavation of five trial trenches (KCC 2013).

2.5 This WSI forms the first stage of works and details the methods and standards to which the evaluation will be undertaken and was designed in accordance with current best archaeological practice and local and national standards and guidelines:

• English Heritage – Management of Archaeological Projects (EH 1991). • Institute for Archaeologists – Code of Conduct (IfA 2010). • Department for Communities and Local Government - National Planning Policy Framework

(NPPF 2012).

3 Geology 3.1 The British Geological Survey (BGS 2012) shows the site to be located on bedrock of Upper Chalk.

However, just 30m to the southeast and 200m to the northeast, the chalk is overlain by Boyn Hill Gravels. This appears to be more extensive than that depicted on the BGS mapping, and may extend onto the site. Southwest of the church, Head deposits overlie the chalk.



3.2 The site lies on a terrace at around 15mOD as London Road drops from a crest near Ingress Abbey at 31mOD to 8mOD at the roundabout with Station Road.

4 Archaeological and Historical Background The information below has been extracted and summarised from the Kent County Council specification, and previous documents produced by AOC Archaeology for work in the area.

4.1 The Prehistoric Periods

(Palaeolithic c. 500,000 – 10000 BC; Mesolithic c. 10000 to 4000 BC; Neolithic c. 4000-2200 BC; Bronze Age c. 2200-700 BC and Iron Age c. 700 BC - AD 43)

4.1.1 The earliest archaeological evidence in the area relates to activity represented in the Boyn Hill gravels. This formation is preserved on the south side of the Lower Thames as an intermittent east–west trending band from Dartford Heath through Dartford, Stone, Greenhithe and Swanscombe to Northfleet. The deposits in the formation consist of a sequence of predominantly fluviatile loam, sand and gravel units laid down by the ancient Thames in the post-Anglian interglacial period between c. 430,000 and 350,000 years BP (Before Present), corresponding with late Oxygen Isotope Stage 12 to early OI Stage 10 of the global framework (Bridgland 1994). These are overlain in places by younger colluvial and solifluction deposits, cutting down through them and filling northward-trending dry valleys and minor tributaries, which sometimes also contain their own systems of post-Boyn Hill/Orsett Heath fluvial deposits.

4.1.2 The Boyn Hill/Orsett Heath formation is rich in significant Palaeolithic archaeological remains, with quarrying activity at numerous locations having produced artefacts, faunal remains and other biological evidence relating to climate and environment (Wymer 1968; Wessex Archaeology 1993). There are several major sites in the immediate vicinity of St Mary’s Church, the most important of which are Barnfield Pit, the Globe Pit, and Dierden's Yard.

4.1.3 Barnfield Pit is 1.5m east of the site and is recognised as a site of international archaeological significance, as well as being a designated SSSI on Quaternary geological grounds. It was one of the first Palaeolithic sites in Britain to be excavated in a controlled manner (Smith & Dewey 1913), and has been regularly reinvestigated subsequently (Swanscombe Committee 1938; Ovey 1964; Conway et al. 1996). The deposits at the site contained lithic and faunal remains in stratified fluvial sand and gravel units, accompanied by biological palaeo-environmental evidence. Undisturbed horizons preserving intact evidence of Lower Palaeolithic activity were present in one of the lower deposits — the Lower Loam. One horizon within the middle phase of the sequence — the Upper Middle Gravel — has also produced an early human fossil skull (the Swanscombe Skull) making it one of only two sites in England with Lower or Middle Palaeolithic hominid skeletal evidence.

4.1.4 Much of the other finds evidence is flint tools and implements, for example an assemblage 250m southeast of the development site (Kent HER reference number TQ 57 SE 16). Nineteen flint flakes from fluvial gravels were found 490m. to the south-west (TQ 57 SE 160); a Palaeolithic flint assemblage has been found 530 m. to the north-east (TQ 57 SE 176); a single Palaeolithic flake has been found 560m. to the south-east (TQ 57 SE 170); and a Palaeolithic implement has been recovered some 540m. to the north-west of the development site (TQ 57 SE 71).

4.1.5 Features of later prehistoric date were found during evaluation work some 390m to the south-west (TQ 57 SE 158). Some 380m to the east a dene-hole was excavated in the 19th century which was found to contain three skeletons believed to be of Iron Age date. The dene-hole was later used for the dumping of Roman refuse (TQ 57 SE 20).



4.2 The Roman Period (AD 43 – AD 410)

4.2.1 The nearest Roman settlement to the site was recorded at Ingress Abbey, some 400m to the northeast, where a twin-ditched enclosure was excavated (Capon 2009). Roman building materials indicated the presence of masonry structures on the site. Also off London Road, a Romano-British cremation has been recorded (TQ 57 SE 56), and a burial urn has been found in the Abbey Site.

4.2.2 A Romano-British cemetery has been recorded some 325m to the south-west (TQ 57 SE 6) and features and deposits of Romano-British date were recorded ahead of development at a site some 400m to the south-west.

4.2.3 Other evidence of Roman settlement in the vicinity is that recorded during excavations in Stone Castle Quarry, 1 mile to the southeast of Stone, in 1967 (Detsicas 1967). The site lay only 300 yards to the north of Watling Street, the main Roman road between London and Canterbury, on the Upper Chalk.

4.3 The Early Medieval (AD 410 – AD 1066), Medieval (AD 1066 – AD 1538) and Post-Medieval Periods (AD 1538-present)

4.3.1 St Mary’s Church lies 1km distant from the riverside settlement, and is a similar distance from Swanscombe. Greenhithe is taken from the Saxon word 'hythe' or 'landing-place', originally ‘grene’, as in the first record of 1264. Much of the medieval and ensuing industry of the area was related to the cutting of chalk for building stone for London. This was still being carried out in the 18th century, with the landscape park at Ingress Abbey lying within a large quarry into the natural chalk bedrock.

4.3.2 The site is first depicted in detail in 1799, on Ordnance Survey mapping. This shows the area of Knockholt to the east, Stone Castle to the west, and the name W Hayes in the approximate location of the church. The 1866 Ordnance Survey map shows the church, with some housing around it, but this is at 1:10,500, and little detail is apparent. The 1880 OS map shows houses built up along Bean road, but not much immediately next to the church except for the Railway Hotel. By 1938, the vicarage has been built, whilst the current church hall is not shown until 1973.

4.3.3 The church at Greenhithe is Grade II listed. It is dedicated to St. Mary the Virgin, designed by Vulliamy, and was opened on 26 August 1856. It contains some original features, particularly its windows, which owe much to the Arts and Crafts Movement.

5 5 Aims of the Investigation 5.1 The aims of the evaluation are defined as being:

• To establish the presence/absence of archaeological remains within the site. • To determine the extent, condition, nature, character, quality and date of any archaeological

remains encountered. • To record and sample excavate any archaeological remains encountered. • To assess the ecofactual and environmental potential of any archaeological features and

deposits. • To determine the extent of previous truncations of the archaeological deposits. • To enable the archaeology advisor to Dartford Borough Council to make an informed decision

on the status of the condition, and any possible requirement for further work in order to satisfy that condition.

• To make available to interested parties the results of the investigation.

5.2 The specific aims of the evaluation are defined as being:



• To determine the exact character of the geological deposits on site • To determine the presence of any Palaeolithic evidence on site • To determine the prehistoric evidence on site. • Determine the presence of any Romano-British activity on site. • To identify any evidence that may relate to any medieval or early post-medieval activities on

site pre-dating the construction of the church activities on site.

5.3 The final aim is to make public the results of the investigation, subject to any confidentiality restrictions.

6 Scope of Works and Strategy 6.1 The current programme of archaeological works is for an archaeological evaluation comprising five

10m long x 1.8m wide trenches.

6.2 The excavation, recording and reporting will conform with current best archaeological practice and local and national standards and guidelines:

• English Heritage – Archaeological Assessment and Evaluation Reports (Guidelines) (EH 1992).

• English Heritage – Archaeological Guidance Paper 3: Standards and Practices in Archaeological Fieldwork (EH 1998a).

• English Heritage – Environmental Archaeology: A guide to the theory and practice of methods, from sampling and recovery to post-excavation (EH 2011).

• Institute for Archaeologists – Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluations (IfA 2009).

• Institute for Archaeologists – Code of Conduct (IfA 2010). • Museum of London – Archaeological Site Manual (MoLAS 1994) • RESCUE & ICON – First Aid for Finds (RESCUE & ICON 2001). • United Kingdom Institute for Conservation – Conservation Guidelines No.2 (UKIC 1983). • United Kingdom Institute for Conservation – Guidance for Archaeological Conservation

Practice (UKIC 1990).

6.3 Insurances, copyright and confidentiality and standards are defined in Appendix A.

6.4 A site code (MAG 13) has been assigned to the project and will be used as the site identifier for all records produced.

6.5 The trial trench evaluation will be undertaken by a Project Officer and Assistant Archaeologist under the overall management of Paul Mason, Project Manager. Further staff will be made available as required.

6.6 The works will be monitored by Wendy Rogers, Archaeological Advisor to Dartford Borough Council. The archaeological advisor will be facilitated full access to the site at all times in order to monitor progress on site on behalf of the local planning authority.

7 Methodology 7.1 The machining will be undertaken by a mechanical excavator under constant archaeological

direction and will be undertaken, where practicable, with a flat bladed bucket (toothless).



7.2 The five evaluation trenches will be excavated to allow a working length of 10m and width of 1.8m (Figure 2). If any trench needs to be excavated below 1.2m for its entire length, the trench will be stepped out to allow the full working length to be investigated.

7.3 Undifferentiated topsoil or overburden of recent origin will be removed in successive level spits down to the first significant archaeological horizon, or the natural gravel geology, whichever is encountered first. The excavated material will be kept separate from other deposits and examined for archaeological materials.

7.4 Current service plans will be consulted if available and the entire site will be visually inspected prior to the commencement of any machine excavation, including the examination of any available exposures (e.g. recently cut ditches and geotechnical test pits). The area will be CAT scanned before excavation.

7.5 Excavated material will be examined in order to retrieve artefacts to assist in the analysis of their spatial distribution.

7.6 On completion of machine excavation to the gravel horizon where present, all faces of the trench that require examination or recording will be cleaned using appropriate hand tools. All investigation of archaeological horizons will be by hand, with cleaning, inspection, and recording both in plan and section.

7.7 The integrity of any archaeological features or deposits, which might better be excavated in conditions pertaining to full excavation, or might warrant preservation in situ, will not be compromised.

7.8 Linear features will be excavated to achieve a minimum of a 10% sample along their length, with a minimum of a section of 1m width. The termini of any linear features will be 100% excavated. Pits will be 50% excavated as a minimum. Significant solid or bonded structural remains, building slots or postholes will be preserved intact, even if fills are sampled. Isolated post holes and complex features such as hearths will be 100% excavated.

7.9 Records will be produced using either pro-forma context or trench record sheets and by the single context planning method and will be compatible with those published by the Museum of London (MoLAS 1994).

7.10 A record of the full sequence of all archaeological deposits as revealed in the evaluation will be made. Plans and sections of features will be drawn at an appropriate scale of 1:10 or 1:20, with sections drawn at 1:10.

7.11 In consultation with the archaeological advisor, AOC will recover environmental samples from suitable deposits that might help to characterise local environmental development or inform on the characterisation of land-use for the local area.

7.12 Bulk samples, 20L for wet and 40L for dry contexts of will be taken from appropriate contexts for the recovery and assessment of environmental data. Provision will be made for column and other appropriate samples to be taken. Sampling methods will follow English Heritage guidelines (EH 2011).

7.13 Any finds of human remains will be left in situ, covered and protected. The Ministry of Justice and the local constabulary will be informed. If removal is essential advice on how best to proceed will be sought from the Ministry of Justice and the local authority environmental health officer.



7.14 Any finds covered by the provisions of the Treasure Act (1996, amended 2003) and Treasure (Designation) Order 2002, including gold and silver, will be moved to a safe place and reported to the coroner's office according to the procedures determined by the Act. They will also be reported to the local finds liaison officer from the Portable Antiquities Scheme. Where removal cannot be effected on the same working day as the discovery, suitable security measures will be taken to protect the artefacts from theft or damage.

7.15 All identified finds and artefacts will be collected and retained. Certain classes of material, i.e. post-medieval pottery and building material may be discarded after recording if a representative sample is kept. No finds will be discarded without the prior approval of the Archaeological Planning Archaeologist.

7.16 Finds will be scanned to assess the date range of the assemblage with particular reference to pottery. In addition the artefacts will be used to characterise the site, and to establish the potential for all categories of finds should further archaeological work be necessary.

7.17 All finds and samples will be treated in a proper manner and to standards agreed in advance with the Museum of London. Finds will be exposed, lifted, cleaned, conserved, marked, bagged and boxed in accordance with the guidelines set out in United Kingdom Institute for Conservation's Conservation Guidelines No. 2 (UKIC 1983).

7.18 Provision for onsite conservation and finds treatment, in addition to any scientific dating of materials uncovered, will be undertaken where appropriate.

7.19 Upon completion of the project the landowner and the relevant museum will be contacted regarding the preparation, ownership and deposition of the archive and finds.

Palaeolithic Investigation

7.20 At the end of each trial trench, unless it can be demonstrated that topsoil lies immediately on top of pre-Quaternary geology, a trial pit about 2m wide and about 2.5m long will be excavated by machine, using a wide, flat ditching bucket, to investigate the presence/absence of artefacts and environmental indicators of Palaeolithic date. The trial pits will be located at one end of the existing trial trenches unless important later archaeological remains are present in which case an alternative location will be agreed. Post-Palaeolithic archaeological deposits will not be removed by machine unless approved by the County Archaeologist.

7.21 Each trial pit will be excavated to the top of pre-Quaternary geology or to a safe working depth (expected to be about 4m below present ground surface), whichever is higher. If the Archaeological Contractor considers that there is a need to excavate the trial pits to a greater depth this will be discussed and agreed with the County Archaeologist. The work will be directed by a specialist in Palaeolithic archaeology who will also supervise the machine excavation and sieving process (see 7.18 below), log the sedimentary sequences and liaise with the geological specialist regarding the taking of samples. It is not intended that the pits are entered. If significant remains are found which are thought to require detailed recording, arrangements will be made with the County Archaeologist for stepping or shoring of the pit to allow safe inspection.

7.22 Within each trial pit, sediment will be removed by machine in spits up to 250mm thick and following the interfaces between sedimentary units wherever possible. Each spit and sedimentary unit will be numbered separately. Samples (100 litres) from each Pleistocene sedimentary unit will be shaken through a 10mm mesh to retrieve artefacts and coarse ecofacts. If such remains are encountered the 'spoil' from the 10mm sieve will be shaken through a 4mm mesh. Where sedimentary units are divided into spits, samples will be sieved from each spit if appropriate.



7.23 A record of the estimated proportion of each sedimentary unit sieved will be made. Spoil from each spit will be kept separately to allow correlation of artefacts to spits. Any intact activity areas such as knapping floors, if detectable, will not be excavated or disturbed at this stage. If such remains are encountered the County Archaeologist will be informed immediately and arrangements may need to be made for the pit to be shored or stepped and for hand cleaning and detailed recording undertaken. Where deposits with potential for environmental and/or scientific analysis are noted, bulk samples will be taken, from the spoil or the section if safe to do so) for subsequent laboratory analysis. Samples shall be taken for potential analysis of clast content, particle size, micromorphology, pollen, mollusc, ostracod, micro-mammalian and other micro-faunal remains, and for dating purposes, as appropriate. Monolith samples will be taken as appropriate and if safe.

7.24 The sedimentary sequence in each pit will be logged from the top of the pit or the adjacent trial trench; the pit or trial trench will not be entered unless it is safe to do so. At least one full and representative section of each pit will be drawn at a scale of 1:10. If necessary more than one face will be drawn. The Palaeolithic specialist and a geological specialist will liaise regarding the recording of the sections; separate logs may be made in the field but an integrated record is required for the report. It is not intended at this stage that detailed sedimentological analysis is undertaken but where it is safe to do so selected sections will be carefully cleaned and orientations of sedimentary structures if present measured. If appropriate, further more detailed sedimentological recording will be arranged at a later date.

8 Report and Archive Preparation 8.1 A report will be completed within six weeks of the conclusion of the fieldwork, subject to the

availability of specialist reports. An interim statement of results can be prepared within a week, if required.

8.2 The report will include as a minimum:

• A location plan of the site.

• The date of the record, the names of the recorders and the location of the archive.

• A table of contents and a list of figures and plates.

• Acknowledgements to all contributors to the fieldwork, reporting and analysis. Also, a note of any copyrights for reproduced material.

• A location plan of the trenches.

• Plans and sections of features and/or extent of archaeology located. These will be at an appropriate scale.

• A summary statement of the results.

• A table summarising per trench the deposits, features, classes and numbers of artefacts encountered and spot dating of significant finds.

8.3 A list of specialist staff that may be used for analysis of samples and artefacts is given in Appendix B.

8.4 A digital copy of the report in pdf format will be submitted to the Archaeological Officer for approval before formal submission to Kent Historic Environment Record.



8.5 Copies of the evaluation report will be issued to Dartford Council, the Archaeological Officer, the HER Manager, and the local studies Library on the understanding that it will become a public document after an appropriate period of time.

8.6 A Kent Archaeological Fieldwork Notification Form has been completed, and will be sent to KCC prior to the commencement of fieldwork.

8.7 An OASIS form has been initiated (Appendix D). This will be completed and an electronic copy of the evaluation report deposited with the Archaeological Data Service (ADS). In addition, a summary of the findings will be submitted to the fieldwork roundup in the local journal.

Archive Preparation

8.8 The site archive will comprise all artefacts, environmental samples and written and drawn records. It is to be consolidated after completion of the whole project, with records and finds collated and ordered as a permanent record. Archaeological finds rarely have any monetary value but they are an important source of information for future research, included in museum exhibits and teaching collections. English Heritage (EH 1991), the Institute of Archaeologists (IfA 2008) and the Society of Museum Archaeologists (SMA 1993) recommend that finds are publicly accessible and that landowners donate archaeological finds to a local museum.

8.9 On completion of the project AOC will discuss arrangements for the archive to be deposited with the local museum with the developer/landowner. Following completion of each stage or the full extent of the fieldwork (as appropriate) the site archive will be prepared in the format agreed with the museum and in accordance with national (UKIC 1990) and local guidelines. The excavation archive will be security copied (microfilmed) and a copy deposited with the National Archaeological Record (NAR).

8.10 In the case where finds are retained, landowner consent will be required to allow transfer of the finds to the museum. An Archaeological Archive Consent Form (Appendix D) will be drawn up for signing by the landowner. The complete finds inventory and further finds information can be provided to the landowner, on request.

8.11 The site archive will be deposited with the local recipient museum when they reopen for deposition. Until this time the archive will be retained at AOC premises.

9 Health and Safety 9.1 Health and Safety will take priority over all other requirements. A conditional aspect of all

archaeological work is both safe access to the area of work and a safe working environment.

9.2 The project will be carried out in accordance with safe working practices and under the defined Health and Safety Policy. The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994 (CDM) may apply to the archaeological work depending on whether contractors other than the archaeological team are present on the site.

9.3 A separate Risk Assessment/Method Statement (RAMS) will be prepared prior to the commencement of the fieldwork.

9.4 Staff present on site will be required to wear the appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), which will be issued as necessary. Facilities will be made available on site for washing.

9.5 Where AOC is not the main contractor on a site the main contractor’s Risk Assessment will have primacy over the AOC document given that:

• The main contractors’ risk assessment is aware of, and takes account of, AOC’s working practices – i.e. it does not compromise normal and safe archaeological procedure as set out in our Written Scheme of Investigation and Risk Assessment;



• AOC was notified of the full suite of hazards present prior to arriving on site; • There is a proper induction and monitoring process in place and AOC staff have been

through this process; • There is no significant conflict between AOC H & S procedures and those proposed by the

main contractor; • AOC are made aware of new threats or hazards as they arise during the course of our on-

site involvement.

10 General 10.1 The methodologies of the WSI will be met in full where reasonably practicable.

10.2 Any significant variations to the proposed methodology will be discussed and agreed with the archaeology advisor in advance of implementation.

10.3 The scope of fieldwork is aimed at meeting the aims of the project in a cost effective manner. AOC Archaeology attempts to foresee all possible site specific problems and make allowances for these. However there may on occasion be unusual circumstances, which have not been included in the programme and costing. These can include:

• unavoidable delays due to extreme bad weather, vandalism etc.; • extensions to feature excavation sample sizes requested by the local authority's

archaeological advisor; • complex structures or objects, including those in waterlogged conditions, requiring specialist

removal.



11 Bibliography Bridgland, D.R, (1994): Quaternary of the Thames. Geological Review Series 7.

British Geological Survey, (2012). Geoindex (on-line)

Capon, L. (2009) ‘Early Roman Features, Possibly defensive, and the modern development of the Parkland Landscape at Ingress Abbey, Greenhithe.’ Archæologia Cantiana volume CXXIX, 2009

Conway, B.W., McNabb, J. & Ashton, N., (ed's). 1996. Excavations at Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe, 1968–72. British Museum Occasional Paper 94. British Museum Press, London.

Department for Communities and Local Government (2012). National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF).

Detsicas, A.P, (1967): An Iron Age and Roman site at Stone Castle Quarry, Greenhithe. Archaeologia Cantiana Vol. 81: 136-190.

English Heritage (1991). Management of Archaeological Projects.

English Heritage (1992). Archaeological Assessment and Evaluation Reports (Guidelines)

English Heritage (1998a). Archaeological Guidance Paper 2: Standards and Practices for Written Schemes of Investigation. English Heritage London Region.

English Heritage (1998b). Archaeological Guidance Paper 3: Standards and Practices in Archaeological Fieldwork. (English Heritage London Region).

English Heritage (1998c). Archaeological Guidance Paper 4: Standards and Practices in Archaeological Reports. (English Heritage London Region).

English Heritage (2011). Environmental Archaeology: A guide to the theory and practice of methods, from sampling and recovery to post-excavation

Institute for Archaeologists (2008). Standard and Guidance for the Collection, Documentation, Conservation and Research of Archaeological Materials.

Institute for Archaeologists (2009). Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluations

Institute for Archaeologists (2010). Code of Conduct.

Kent County Council (2013). Specification for an archaeological evaluation at St Mary’s Church, London Road, Greenhithe, Dartford, Kent.

Museum of London (1994). Archaeological Site Manual (3rd ed).

Ovey, C.D., (ed.). 1964. The Swanscombe Skull: a Survey of Research on a Pleistocene Site. Occasional Paper No.20. Royal Anthropological Institute, London.

RESCUE & ICON (2001). First Aid For Finds. (3rd ed).

Smith, R.A. & Dewey, H. 1913. Stratification at Swanscombe: report on excavations made on behalf of the British Museum and H.M. Geological Survey. Archaeologia 64: 177–204.

Society of Museum Archaeologists (1993). Selection, Retention and Dispersal of Archaeological Collections.



Swanscombe Committee. 1938. Report on the Swanscombe skull: prepared by the Swanscombe Committee of the Royal Anthropological Institute. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 68: 17–98.

United Kingdom Institute for Conservation (1983). Conservation Guidelines No 2.

United Kingdom Institute for Conservation (1990). Guidance for Archaeological Conservation Practice.

Wessex Archaeology. 1993. Southern Rivers Palaeolithic Project Report 2: Region 4 (South of the Thames) and Region 1 (Southwest England). Unpublished report prepared by Wessex Archaeology, Salisbury.

Wymer, J.J. 1968. Lower Palaeolithic archaeology in Britain as represented by the Thames Valley. John Baker, London.

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Site Location

1Figure

© AOC ARCHAEOLOGY GROUP - 2013

ST. MARY’S CHURCH, LONDON ROAD, GREENHITHE, DARTFORD, KENTA WRITTEN SCHEME OF INVESTIGATION FOR AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION

© AOC ARCHAEOLOGY GROUP - 2013

ST. MARY’S CHURCH, LONDON ROAD, GREENHITHE, DARTFORD, KENTA WRITTEN SCHEME OF INVESTIGATION FOR AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION

52Trench Location Plan

Figure

Site Outline Trench Location

Scale: 1:1000 on A4

Taken from the Specifications for Work from Kent County Council

Appendices



Appendix A – General Insurances

1. AOC holds Employers Liability Insurance, Public Liability Insurance and Professional Indemnity Insurance. Details can be supplied on request.

2. AOC will not be liable to indemnify the client against any compensation or damages for or with respect to:

• damage to crops being on the Area or Areas of Work (save in so far as possession has not been given to the Archaeological Contractor)

• the use or occupation of land (which has been provided by the Client) by the Project or for the purposes of completing the Project (including consequent loss of crops) or interference whether temporary or permanent with any right of way light air or other easement or quasi easement which are the unavoidable result of the Project in accordance with the Agreement

• any other damage which is the unavoidable result of the Project in accordance with the Agreement

• injuries or damage to persons or property resulting from any act or neglect or breach of statutory duty done or committed by the client or his agents servants or their contractors (not being employed by AOC Archaeology or for or in respect of any claims demands proceedings damages costs charges and expenses in respect thereof or in relation thereto

3. Where excavation has taken place evaluation trenches will be backfilled with excavated material but will otherwise not be reinstated unless other arrangements have previously been agreed. Open area excavations normally will not be backfilled but left in a secure manner unless otherwise agreed.

Copyright and Confidentiality

4. AOC Archaeology will retain full copyright of any commissioned reports, tender documents or other project documents under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 with all rights reserved; excepting that it will provide an exclusive license to the Client in all matters directly relating to the project as described in the Written Scheme of Investigation.

5. AOC will assign copyright to the client upon written request but retains the right to be identified as the author of all project documentation and reports as defined in the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

6. AOC will advise the Client of any such materials supplied in the course of projects, which are not AOC's copyright.

7. AOC undertake to respect all requirements for confidentiality about the Client's proposals provided that these are clearly stated. In addition AOC further undertakes to keep confidential any conclusions about the likely implications of such proposals for the historic environment. It is expected that Clients respect AOC's and the Institute of Field Archaeologists' general ethical obligations not to suppress significant archaeological data for an unreasonable period.

Standards

8. AOC conforms to the standards of professional conduct outlined in the Institute of Field Archaeologists' Code of Conduct, the IFA Code of Approved Practice for the Regulation of Contractual Arrangements in Field Archaeology, the IFA Standards and Guidance for Desk Based Assessments, Field Evaluations etc., and the British Archaeologists and Developers Liaison Group Code of Practice.



9. Where practicable AOC will liaise with local archaeological bodies (both professional and amateur) in order that information about particular sites is disseminated both ways (subject to client confidentiality).



Appendix B – Specialist Staff The following specialist staff may be used on this project depending on the type of artefacts and soil samples recovered during the course of the fieldwork.

Macroscopic plant remains Nick Branch QUEST

Soils and sediments analysis Nick Branch QUEST

Palaeoenvironmental archaeology Nick Branch QUEST

Palaeoarchaeology Fieldwork Cat Edwards AOC

Les Capon AOC

Human remains Rachel Ives AOC

Conservation Pieta Greaves AOC

Building material Sue Pringle ASE

Lithics Chris Butler Freelance

Mammal and bird bone Jennifer Thoms AOC

Prehistoric pottery Anna Doherty ASE

Roman pottery Anna Doherty ASE

Medieval and post-medieval pottery Luke Barber ASE

Metal Andy Heald AOC

Glass Elke Raemen ASE

Geoarchaeology Quaternary Scientific Reading University

AOC Palaeoarchaeology Fieldwork

Both Catherine Edwards and Les Capon are available for this project. Both have experience in excavating and recognising Palaeolithic remains in the conditions expected on this site. Both were involved in Palaeolithic sampling at Ingress Abbey, during fieldwork for the Crest Development, and during groundwork for the western Fasttrack route into the site.



Appendix C – Kent Archaeology Fieldwork Notification Form

Kent Archaeology Fieldwork Notification Form

KCC logo

(Section A and B to be filled in and sent either digitally or by fax to KCC Heritage Conservation Group (01622 221636) in advance of start of fieldwork. Section C to be completed and sent at end of fieldwork. Section D to be filled in and sent with completed report.)

SECTION A - PROJECT DETAILS

St Mary's Church, Greenhithe Site/Project Name:

NGR: TQ 5859 7647

Site Address: St Mary's Church, London Road, Greenhithe, Dartford, Kent DA9 9ND Archaeological Contractor (inc name and address of project contact): Paul Mason, AOC Archaeology, Unit 7, St Margarets Business Centre, Moor Mead Road, Twickenham TW1 1JS

Commisioning Body/Client: St Mary Greenhithe Parochial Church Council Development Proposals/Reason for Fieldwork: Planning Reference: Car parking and site infrastructure improvements DA/10/01465/FUL

SECTION B - COMMENCEMENT OF FIELDWORK

Type of Archaeological Fieldwork: Site Supervisor: Les Capon/ Cat Edwards

Evaluation Trenching Site Contact Details: 07808 730 227/ 07736 957 511 Specification for Works?: KCC

Local Museum Notified: Dartford Museum Site Code: MAG 13

Date: 14/02/2013

Local Arch Soc Notified: tbc

Date: tbc

START DATE: ANTICIPATED DURATION: weeks

I (archaeological contractor) confirm that all necessary provision has been made for the resources to complete the archaeological fieldwork, post-excavation analysis and reporting in accordance with the agreed specification.

Name:

On behalf of:

Signed: Date:



Appendix D – OASIS Form

OASIS ID: aocarcha1-143739

Project details

Project name St Mary's Church. London Road, Greenhithe

Short description of the project

An archaeological evaluation

Project dates Start: 04-03-2013

Previous/future work No / Not known

Any associated project reference codes

32358 - Contracting Unit No.

Any associated project reference codes

MAG 13 - Sitecode

Type of project Field evaluation

Site status Listed Building

Current Land use Other 4 - Churchyard

Methods & techniques ''Test Pits''

Development type Large/ medium scale extensions to existing structures (e.g. church, school, hospitals, law courts, etc.)

Prompt Direction from Local Planning Authority - PPS

Position in the planning process

After full determination (eg. As a condition)

Project location



Country England

Site location KENT DARTFORD SWANSCOMBE AND GREENHITHE St Mary's Church

Postcode DA9 9ND

Study area 2340.00 Square metres

Site coordinates TQ 5859 7647 51 0 51 27 51 N 000 16 59 E Point

Entered by les capon ([email protected])

Entered on 14 February 2013



Appendix E – Archaeological Archive Consent Form

ARCHAEOLOGICAL ARCHIVE CONSENT FORM

SITE: [Site address] SITE CODE: [Site code]

AOC ARCHAEOLOGY REF: [Project number]

RECEIVING MUSEUM: [Local recipient museum]

I agree to the finds archive recovered from this site being donated to

the specified museum.

SIGNED [Signature]

PRINT [Name]

Landowner/Agent LANDOWNER'S NAME: [Landowner name] LANDOWNER'S ADDRESS: [Landowner address]

Please retain a copy of this form for your records

AOC Archaeology Group, Unit 7, St Margarets Business Centre, Moor Mead Road, Twickenham TW1 1JS tel: 020 8843 7380 | fax: 020 8829 0549 | e-mail: [email protected]

st. mary’s church, london road, greenhithe, kent: a ......greenhithe is taken from the saxon word...

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