st. james church - energy audit report

ESET 430 - Final Project

St. James Church Energy Audit

Page Description of Section 2 Report Summary

2 Audit Process

3 Building Description

4 Results of Analysis

6 Recommendations

8 Appendix A – Wall and Ceiling Types; R-values

12 Appendix B – Window and Door Types; Description

15 Appendix C – Lighting and Electrical Loads

17 Appendix D – Steam Distribution System

18 Appendix E – Historical Electrical Consumption 3D Graph

20 Appendix F – Utility (Electricity and Steam) Consumption Chart

21 Appendix G – Temperature Data Log Chart

22 Appendix H – Utility Reconciliation of Steam and Electricity

24 Appendix I – Steam Temperature

Michael Clarke April 25th, 2014.

Instructor: Ian Kilborn

Report Summary

St. James Anglican Church is located at 10 Union St., Kingston. It’s a spectacular building with more than 150 years of

history. Our first visit to St. James Church was March 11th, with a second visit occurring March 24th. It is the intention of

this report to put forward recommendations to the church elders to improve energy savings and reduce utility cost.

First, a description of the audit process will be put forward. The different zones of the building will be described, along

with wall composition, electrical loads and more. Results of our analysis will be presented through two pie charts: “heat

loss as dollars” and “electrical loads as dollars”. Our recommendations and energy savings estimates will be presented.

Notable estimates are the $900 potential savings with batted insulation in the nave ceiling and $935 potential savings in

parish hall through polystyrene and sprayed polyurethane insulations. Finally, a brief discussion on steam vs natural gas

heat will be communicated.

Appendix A includes additional information and heat conduction properties of walls, roofs, windows and doors. Major

electrical and lighting loads are described in Appendix C. Appendix D lays out a schematic of the steam distribution

system. Appendix E presents historical electrical utility data in two 3-D surface charts. Appendix F presents a utility

consumption chart. Appendix G presents a temperature data log chart. Appendix H provides further information on the

process of utility reconciliation. Finally, Appendix I presents a chart of logged steam temperature.

Audit Process

•Open and maintain dialogue with the client to determine objective he/she wants to achieve.

•Organize and gather all instruments and tools to take all nessesary measurements.

Preperation and Planning

•Measure building volume, determine wall construction, record details of lighting and electrical loads, analyze steam system, measure air leakage through a blower door test.

•Place data-loggers to record the acitivity of representative or exceptional building loads. Measurement

•Construct a software model that exibits identical characteristics of the target building.

•Refine the model through utility reconciliation, weather data correction and new assumptions. Model

Building

•Using the model, determine the heat/electrical cost of each building component/appliance.

•Identify most favourable building upgrades; model new upgrades; determine expected savings. Analysis

•Compile all findings and conclusions into an easily assessable, informative report.

•Present report to the client for his/her consideration.Report

The Blower Door Test A “Blower Door Test” uses a large fan to depressurize a building resulting in outside air streaming in through cracks

and air gaps. It is an extremely effective method for identifying major sources of heat loss and air leakage in a building.

RetScreen

The software used to model the church is called RetScreen. The program takes user inputted measurements to

construct a mathematical model with equivalent characteristics to the target building. It allows for detailed energy and

financial analysis. We further improve model accuracy by reconciling historical NASA weather data with utility data.

Building Description

Four main zones divide the building: the nave, Roger’s room, parish hall and the office/nursery area. This section of the

report will describe the construction materials of each zone, lighting, electrical loads and the heating system.

Zone 1: The Nave

Below grade walls on the North and East sides are of 24” thick limestone

construction. The above grade exterior walls are of 26” thick limestone

construction. Above grade interior walls are of lath and plaster construction,

separated by a 2” air gap. The West and South walls are of similar construction,

with the exception of some altar sections which are 24” limestone above grade with

no lath and plaster.

There are three ceiling types: nave flat, nave sloped and altar sloped. The nave flat

ceilings are insulated by 6” loose fiberglass between rafters, with lath and plaster

interior. The nave sloped sections are similar with the critical exception of not being insulated. The sloped alter section is

similarly uninsulated, with a hidden air cavity concealed by interior lath and plaster.

Nave lighting is provided by several types of fixtures. Ten chandeliers hang from the ceiling, each with one CFL and ten

LED bulbs. Ten LED pot-lights illuminate the areas underneath the flat ceiling sections. A string of 18 LED lights are hung

around the sanctuary arch. Of note were ten high wattage halogen luminaires that were inoperable on the day of the

audit. Additional electrical loads include musical instruments, ceiling fans, a small sound system and computer setup.

Zone 2: Roger’s Room

Above grade walls in the Roger’s room area were of 26” limestone construction,

with an air gap of 2” and lath and plaster interior. Below grade walls were a 24”

thick mixture of poured concrete and limestone. The flat ceiling in Roger’s room

was insulated with 7 inches of loose fiberglass. The flat ceilings in the hallway

and office sections were insulated with 6 inches of loose fiberglass.

Lighting here consists of 31 T8 fluorescent light bulbs of low usage. Entrance and

vestibule lighting is included in this zone, with a single T12 and incandescent

bulb, both with high usage. There are no other electrical loads within this zone.

Zone 3: Offices/Nurseries

This building section has two floors with only East and South exterior walls.

Above grade walls in the offices and nurseries were of 8” concrete block

construction, with an air gap of 0.5 inches and exterior clay brick of 3.5 inches.

The flat ceiling in these spaces has an R-value of approximately 20.

Lighting in this zone is provided by a variety of T8, T12, CFL and incandescent

bulbs. The most notable load is 24 T8’s bulbs of high usage in a recreation area

on the second floor. Other electrical loads in these spaces include computers

and ceiling fans.

Please refer to Appendix C for a schematic of the building zones.

Zone 4: Parish Hall

Parish hall is a unique half-octagonal structure consisting of two floors with

a basement. Above grade walls consist of 9” limestone, an air gap and lath

and plaster interior finish. Foundation walls consist of 16” poured concrete

and 9” limestone. Below grade walls are 24” thick poured concrete. Only

the South facing above grade walls have an additional exterior wall finish of

3.5 inches of clay brick. Parish hall flat ceilings are insulated by 6 inches of

loose fiberglass and one inch of lath and plaster.

Lighting for these spaces is provided by many CFL, T8 and T12 bulbs. Large

lighting loads include the six T8’s in the kitchen and six T8’s in the

dishwasher area. Of note is the twenty one 23 watt CFL bulbs on the second floor of the hall; the client was unsure of

their duty cycle. He reported they may be on a separate motion sensor or switch in another location.

The most demanding electrical loads in this zone are unquestionably the two hot water heaters in the basement.

Significant other loads exist in the kitchen, such as the fridge, freezer, coffee machine, stoves and other appliances.

Additionally, three ceiling fans hang in the main hall.

Steam Heating System

The building is heated through underground steam lines supplied from Queen’s

University. The saturated vapour is supplied by steam lines throughout the building

to cast iron radiators. After heat is delivered, the condensed steam returns along

condensate lines to exit the building. Each zone has its own separate steam line

with independent thermostat to regulate flow, and thus temperature.

Please refer to Appendix D for a schematic of the steam distribution system.

Please refer to Appendix I for a chart displaying logged steam temperature.

Results of Analysis

Total Yearly “Heat Loss as Dollars” is $21,810

This compares to the modeled yearly steam

cost of $19,260.

+ Ceilings

Total Yearly “Electrical Loads as Dollars”

cost is $4428.00

Recommendations

Heat Loss; Air Leakage Solutions

As shown in the “Heat Loss as Dollars” chart, air leakage and conductive heat loss through walls accounts for the vast

majority of energy cost in this building. Air leakage and excessive heat loss are both symptoms of a single cause:

insufficient insulation. The worst wall is the above grade 26” limestone wall in zones one and two, with a yearly heat

cost of $1327. The above ground brick wall in zone three and the above ground 9” limestone wall in zone four have heat

costs of $923 and $917, respectively. The sloped ceiling in the nave costs an incredible $1067 per year to heat. It is

hoped that by improving insulation in these four spaces, significant energy savings can be accrued.

It is our recommendation that insulation be improved in all areas mentioned above,

starting with the nave walls. By filling the two inch air gap with sprayed polyurethane

foam, the wall R-value would be increased from 6.97 to 15.78; more than double. This

would save an estimated $741 in heating cost, nearly halving the heat cost for that wall

type.

Next is the above ground brick wall in zone three. By

filling the half inch air gap with sprayed polyurethane

foam, the wall type R-value would increase from

3.294 to 5.497. This would yield an annual energy

savings of $370. If an additional two inches of

polystyrene insulation was installed on the interior of this wall type, the R-value

would increase to 15.44 and annual savings would increase to a total of $726.

The above ground 9” limestone wall in parish hall currently costs $917 each year

to heat. The first upgrade step would be to fill the half inch air gap with sprayed

polyurethane foam. This would increase the R-values of the North, East and West

walls from 3.842 to 6.045. The South wall R-value would be increased from 4.202

to 6.406. Savings accrued from this upgrade would be $445. If an additional two

inches of polystyrene insulation was added to the interior of these walls, the total

savings would increase to $935. Notice how this savings estimate is higher than

the modelled heat loss cost of the wall ($935>$917). That is because this upgrade

not only addresses conductive heat loss through the wall, but also takes a bite out of the “zone 4 air leakage” pie.

It was astonishing to learn that the slopped ceiling in the nave was completely

uninsulated, as seen in the picture to the right. That would explain why heat loss cost is

so excessive here; $1067 per year. In is our strong recommended that this oversight be

remedied as soon as possible. The simple addition of just eight inches of fiberglass

batted insulation would take the current ceiling R-value of 5.117 up to 32.589, a nearly

six fold increase. This would yield savings of $900 even. Installation of this material

would not be a difficult, nor time consuming task. It is our strongest recommendation.

Please remember that when multiple energy upgrades are implemented simultaneously, the cumulative energy savings

will not be as high as the estimates for individual upgrades. The recommendations above are intended to offer the client

several options, of which he may choose only one to implement. If the client indeed wishes to proceed with several or

even all recommendations, we will be happy to provide an adjusted energy savings estimate free of charge.

Natural Gas Hot Water Tank

It is currently estimated that $1711.92 is being spent every year on hot water for the church. This is

provided by two hot water tanks of 12kW and 3.5kW. The high cost is due to the tanks being

electrically heated, which is an expensive method. With the rising electricity prices in Ontario, it’s

expected that this yearly cost will increase. It would be ideal to find a more inexpensive solution.

One method would be through natural gas. A single tank of 75,000 BTU/h should be adequate to

replace the two electric tanks. (15.5kw*3412Btuh/kw / 70% efficiency = 75,550 Btu/h requirement)

The duty cycles of the existing electric tanks are quite low (5%-12kw; 18%-3.5kW), so it may be

possible to substitute them with a natural gas tank of equivalently less heat capacity. The model

pictured to the left is a Rheem 75k BTU/h unit, available at home depot for $1228. The Energuide

estimate of yearly energy cost is $670, a substantial savings from current electric cost.

An additional possibility exists in the form of solar hot water. Photovoltaic panels could provide

some power to the existing electric heater, with supplementary power being drawn from the mains.

This would be a relatively inexpensive modification to the current setup. If the client so desires, we

could investigate this option further to determine the potential savings of an optimized system.

Coffee Machine Timer

Our data-logger recorded an average daily usage of the coffee machine of 2.7kWh.

Amazingly, this was nearly double the electricity usage as the stand-up freezer. We

were told that the coffee machine was always hot and gurgling, even when switched

off. Our assumption is that the machine is seeking to maintain a constantly high water

temperature for quick brewing when called for.

This continual heating is an unnecessary waste of energy. There is no need for this

during the night or when the kitchen is unoccupied. The electrical analysis shows a

yearly energy cost of nearly $150, which is not insignificant.

This situation can be easily solved with a simple timer that would effectively unplug the

machine during the set time period. If even a marginal 10% reduction in electricity

consumption could be achieved, the timer would pay for itself within a year. I would first recommend setting the timer

to disconnect the machine from between the hours of 10pm and 5am, with further reductions were possible. The timer

is available at Canadian Tire for the cost of $15.

Discussion and Analysis of Steam vs Natural Gas Heat

As it is now, Queen’s University provides steam to the church free of charge. If that situation ever were to change, it

might be beneficial to have some information regarding alternative heating options.

The current value of steam provided last year was $18,252.08 (from utility bill). Adjusting for weather considerations,

the reconciled cost of steam was $19,260.37, which was inputted into the software model as $19,216. If the entire heat

load of the building was to be provided by a 90% efficient natural gas boiler, the model predicts a fuel cost of $19,818.

(At a rate of $0.44/m3) The percentage difference between current reconciled steam cost and predicted natural gas cost

is 3.0%. This is a staggeringly slight difference.

It is therefore our conclusion that switching to natural gas would not yield any considerable savings over steam.

Appendix A: Wall and Ceiling Types; R-Values

Please note that through the following tables I was able to compute composite R-values for all the different wall types in

the church. These composite R-values were inputted into Retscreen in the “above grade wall” field.

Zone 1 (Nave, Sanctuary, Narthex, etc.) Wall Type Wall Description Wall Description (As entered in RetScreen) R-Value

1 Above Ground 26" Limestone

Solid Stone (2240); air gap; wood-siding-lapped; cement plaster; [no plaster finish] 6.967

2 Above Ground 24" Limestone Solid Stone (2240); 1.868

3 Below Ground 24" Limestone Solid Stone (2240); 13.938

4 Nave Flat Ceiling wood-siding-lapped; soft wood; low density 24.118

5 Nave Sloped Ceiling Wood-siding-lapped; soft wood; air gap 5.117

6 Sanctuary Sloped Ceiling Wood-siding-lapped; air gap 3.915

Zone 1 Walls Direction Description Wall Type R-Value Width Height Area (m²)

North Narthex 1 (AG) 6.967 6.10 5.60 34.16

Nave 1 (AG) 6.967 8.53 5.60 47.77

Nave 1 (AG) 6.967 8.53 5.60 47.77 129.70

Narthex 3 (BG) 13.938 6.10 0.90 5.49

Nave 3 (BG) 13.938 8.53 0.90 7.68 13.17

Total Area 142.87

Composite R-Value 7.304

East Narthex 1 (AG) 6.967 1.83 5.60 10.25

Nave 1 (AG) 6.967 23.16 5.60 129.70 139.94

Narthex 3 (BG) 13.938 1.83 0.90 1.65

Nave 3 (BG) 13.938 23.16 0.90 20.84 22.49

Total Area 168.43


West Narthex 1 (AG) 6.967 1.83 5.60 10.25

Nave 1 (AG) 6.967 26.82 5.60 150.19

Organ 1 (AG) 6.967 4.97 5.60 27.83

Altar 1 (AG) 6.967 2.44 5.60 13.66 201.94

Narthex 3 (BG) 13.938 1.83 0.90 1.65

Nave 3 (BG) 13.938 26.82 0.90 24.14

Altar 3 (BG) 13.938 2.44 0.90 2.20 27.98

Organ 2 (AG) 1.868 4.97 0.90 4.47

Altar 2 (AG) 1.868 2.44 0.90 2.20 6.67

Total Area 236.59


South Organ 1 (AG) 6.967 3.66 5.60 20.50

Altar 1 (AG) 6.967 7.01 5.60 39.26 59.75

Organ 2 (AG) 1.868 3.66 0.90 3.29

Altar 2 (AG) 1.868 7.01 0.90 6.31 9.60

Altar 3 (BG) 13.938 7.01 0.90 6.31 6.31

Total Area 75.66


Zone 1 Ceilings Description Wall Type R-Value Length Width Area (m²)

Nave Flat 4 24.118 25.60 4.57 116.99

Nave Flat 4 24.118 25.60 4.57 116.99 175.28

Nave Sloped 5 5.117 25.6 6.64 169.98

Nave Sloped 5 5.117 25.6 6.64 169.98 339.97

Sanctuary Sloped 6 3.515 8 7 56.00 56.00

Total Area 571.25


Zone 2 (Rogers, Hallway, Lobby, etc) Wall Type Wall Description Wall Description (As entered in RetScreen) R-Value

1 Above Ground 26" Limestone

Solid Stone (2240); air gap; wood-siding-lapped; cement plaster; [no plaster finish] 6.967

7 Below Ground Mixed Stone 16" 2400 poured; 8" 2240 stone. 14.263

8 Rogers Room Flat Ceiling Low density 7" 24.748

9 Office, Hallway Flat Ceiling Low density 6" 21.314


North Entrance 1 (AG) 6.967 9.75 3.60 35.10 35.10

Entrance 7 (BG) 14.263 4.87 0.50 2.44

Entrance 7 (BG) 14.263 4.88 1.50 7.32 9.76

Total Area 44.90


West Rogers Room 1 (AG) 6.967 8.23 3.95 32.51 32.51

Rogers Room 7 (BG) 14.263 8.23 0.30 2.47 2.47

Total Area 34.98


South Rogers Room 1 (AG) 6.967 11.58 3.95 45.74 45.74

Rogers Room 7 (BG) 14.263 11.58 0.30 3.47 3.47

Total Area 49.21



Rogers Room Flat 8 24.748 11.58 11.58 134.10 134.10

Office, Hall Flat 9 21.314 6.71 9.14 61.33

Office, Hall Flat 9 21.314 2.44 4.27 10.42 71.75

Total Area 205.85


Zone 3 (1st+2nd Floor Nurseries, Offices, etc) Wall Type Wall Description Wall Description (As entered in RetScreen) R-Value

10 Above Ground Clay brick+block Brick-clay, concrete block 3.294

11 Offices Flat Ceiling R20 insulation (From "random info" file.) 20.71


East 1st floor Off/Nurse 10 (AG) 3.294 14.33 2.71 38.83

2nd floor Off/Nurse 10 (AG) 3.294 14.33 2.71 38.83 77.67

South 1st floor Off/Nurse 10 (AG) 3.294 14.63 2.71 39.65

2nd floor Off/Nurse 10 (AG) 3.294 14.33 2.71 38.83 78.48


Office Flat 11 20.71 14.33 14.63 209.65 209.65

Zone 4 (Parish Hall, P-Hall Basement, Kitchen, etc) Wall Type Wall Description Wall Description (As entered in RetScreen) R-Value

12 Above Ground 9" Limestone Solid Stone (2240); air gap; wood-siding-lapped; cement plaster 3.842

13 Above Ground 9" Lime + Clay

Solid Stone (2240); air gap; wood-siding-lapped; cement plaster; clay brick 4.202

14 Above Ground Mixed Stone 16" concrete 2400; 9" solid stone 2240 14.305

15 Below Ground Poured Concrete 24" concrete 2400 14.425

16 Parish Hall Flat Ceiling Wood-Siding-lapped; low density 6" 22.917


North Parish Hall 12 (AG) 3.842 14.78 5.85 86.46 86.46

P Hall Bment 14 (AG) 14.305 14.78 0.72 10.64 10.64

P Hall Bment 15 (BG) 14.425 14.78 2.10 31.04 31.04

Total Area 131.14


East Parish Hall 12 (AG) 3.842 17.07 5.85 99.86 99.86

P Hall Bment 14 (AG) 14.305 17.07 0.72 12.29 12.29

P Hall Bment 15 (BG) 14.425 17.07 2.10 35.85 35.85

Total Area 148.00


West Parish Hall 12 (AG) 3.842 11.58 5.85 67.74 67.74

P Hall Bment 14 (AG) 14.305 11.58 0.72 8.34 8.34

P Hall Bment 15 (BG) 14.425 11.58 2.10 24.32 24.32

Total Area 100.10


South Parish Hall 13 (AG) 4.202 12.19 5.85 71.31 71.31

P Hall Bment 14 (AG) 14.305 12.19 0.72 8.78 8.78

P Hall Bment 15 (BG) 14.425 12.19 2.10 25.60 25.60

Total Area 105.69



P- hall Flat 16 22.917 20.73 12.19 252.70

P- hall Flat 16 22.917 8.53 6.10 52.03

P- hall Flat 16 22.917 6.10 6.10 37.21 341.94

Appendix B: Window and Door Types; Description

Window Type Legend

VF Vinyl Frame DP Double Pane

ST Steel Frame SLD Slider

WF Wood Frame FX Fixed

AF Aluminum Frame WC With coregated plastic

SP Single Pane

Windows

Type Face Width (in)

Height (in) # Zone/Location Details Wall Type Notes

WF SP FX WC N 24 69 2

Main North Entrance, Lobby Area (Zone 2/3/4)

Above Grade Limestone Block

These are the windows in the office and storage room in the main entrance area

WF SP FX WC W 78 1/2 81 4 Zone 1, Nave


WF DP FX E 78 1/2 81 1 Zone 1, Nave


WF SP FX WC E 78 1/2 81 4 Zone 1, Nave


WF SP FX WC W 14 1/2 58 1/2 1 Zone 1, Nave, West Vestibule


WF SP FX WC E 14 1/2 58 1/2 1 Zone 1, Nave, East Vestibule


WF SP FX WC W 26 84 1

Zone 1, Nave, In the corner near vestibule/organ.


This window was particularly drafty.

WF DP FX S 80 132 1

Zone 1, Nave, Centrepiece in Altar


WF SP FX N

88 1/2 = Diameter 1 Zone 1, Nave, Circular


This window is on an interior wall that forms the thermal boundry zone.

WF SP FX WC W

47 1/2 = 1 Side of Triangle 1 Zone 1, Nave, West Vestibule


WF SP FX WC E

47 1/2= 1 Side of Triangle 1 Zone 1, Nave, East Vestibule


WF DP FX WC W 26 1/2 62 2 Zone 2, Rogers Room


WF SP FX WC S 26 1/2 62 2 Zone 2, Rogers Room


WF SP FX WC S 35 96 1 Zone 2, Rogers Room


AF DP FX [In east door] E 24 34 1

Zone 3, Entrance to hallway in Office/Nursary area

Above Grade Clay Brick and Concrete Block

This window was in a door on the east side. Subtract the area of this window from the

area of the indicated door.

AF DP SLD E 22 1/2 58 1/2 2

Zone 3, Upper Floor, Nursary/Office


AF DP FX E 48 58 1/2 1

Zone 3, Upper Floor Nursary/Office


AF DP SLD S 30 1/2 60 5



AF DP FX S 48 58 1/2 1

Zone 3, Main Floor Nursary/Office


AF DP SLD S 22 1/2 58 1/2 2

Zone 3, Main Floor Nursary/Office


One of theses windows was broken and caused excessive air leakage.

AF DP SLD E 60 62 1/2 1



AF DP SLD E 60 62 1/2 2

Zone 3, Main Floor, Nursary/Office


1 in upper floor office, 1 in main floor office, 1 in main floor nursary

SF DP SLD S 30 59 1



AF SP FX S 48 59 1



AF DP SLD S 22 1/2 58 1/2 2



WF Glass Block FX W 42 29 1 Zone 4, Basement

Below Grade Limestone Block

Subtract the area of an exhaust fan unit from window area. Exhaust fan = (16 1/2 w x 14 1/2 h) inches

WF Glass Block FX W 42 29 2 Zone 4, Basement


WF DP SLD N 42 29 2 Zone 4, Basement


WF SP FX N 42 29 7 Zone 4, Basement


VF DP SLD E 42 29 2 Zone 4, Basement


VF DP FX E 42 29 2 Zone 4, Basement


WF SP FX WC E 37 66 4 Zone 4, Main Floor, Kitchen


WF SP FX WC W 37 66 3

Zone 4, Main Floor, Storage Room


WF SP FX WC N 37 66 10

Zone 4, Main Floor, Storage/Parish Hall/Dishwasher


WF SP FX WC W 83 90 1 Zone 4, Upper Loft Area


WF SP FX WC E 83 90 1 Zone 4, Upper Loft Area


WF SP FX WC N 83 90 3 Zone 4, Upper Loft Area


Zone 1 Doors Type Direction Width Height Quantity Area (ft²) R-Value Total Area

2" Solid Wood N 66.5 96 2 88.67 2.653

2" Solid Wood N 71.5 107 1 53.13 2.653 141.80

1.5" Solid Wood W 44 78 1 23.83 2.202

1.5" Solid Wood W 34 84 1 19.83 2.202 43.67

1.5" Solid Wood E 34 84 1 19.83 2.202

Zone 2 Doors Type Direction Width Height Quantity Area (ft²) R-Value

2" Solid Wood N 62 77 1 33.15 2.653

Zone 3 Doors Type Direction Width Height Quantity Area (ft²) R-Value

1.75" steel E 34 80.5 2 38.01 0.854

Zone 4 Doors Type Direction Width Height Quantity Area (ft²) R-Value Total Area

1.75" steel E 39.5 84 1 23.04 0.854

1.75" wood frame, aluminum door with window

E 12.5 52 1 4.51 0.854 27.56

Appendix C: Lighting and Electrical Loads

From Excel File: “Lighting and Electrical”

Locatio

n N

um

ber

Locatio

n D

escriptio

nZo

ne

Lightin

g Descrip

tion

Qu

antity

Wattage

Du

ty Cycle Descrip

tion

; No

tesD

uty Cycle (N

um

erical; h

ou

rs per w

eek)A

nn

ual D

uty Facto

r (%

On

Time)

Estimated

Yearly kW

h u

seYearly Co

st

1. Entrance V

estibule2

Incandescent

165

4828.57%

162.24$25.96

2. Entrance Lobby

2T12

140

4828.57%

99.84$15.97

3. C

orridor3

T8 1

3250

29.76%83.20

$13.31$55.24

3T8

232

5029.76%

166.40$26.62

T123

4050

29.76%312.00

$49.92

5. O

ffice3

T124

4022

13.10%183.04

$29.29

6. N

ursery3

T124

4035

20.83%291.20

$46.59

7. O

ffice (Val's R

oom)

3T12

1040

127.14%

249.60$39.94

8. C

hoir3

*Unknow

n. Door Locked

. Estimate 4xT12

440

21.19%

16.64$2.66

9. O

ffice3

T82

3228

16.67%93.18

$14.91

10. W

ashroom3

*1xInc (N

ot Sure)1

65"M

y best Guess" - M

ike5

2.98%16.90

$2.70

11. Stairs

31xT12

140

4023.81%

83.20$13.31

$225.95

12. H

allw

ay to Parish Ha

ll4

1xCFL (Estim

ated W

attage)1

23(D

atalogger) 12.62% O

n21.2

12.62%25.36

$4.06

41x H

uge C

FL 1

42(D

atalogger) 12.62% O

n21.2

12.62%46.30

$7.41

2x Med

CFL

223

(Datalogger) 12.62%

On

21.212.62%

50.71$8.11

1x Tiny CFL

113

(Datalogger) 12.62%

On

21.212.62%

14.33$2.29

$21.87

3xCeiling Fans (1.5-2m

in diameter)

390

"Wattage from

datasheet of sim

ilar fan" - M34

20.24%477.36

$76.38

14. Storage

42xT12

240

3520.83%

145.60$23.30

42xT12

240

31.79%

12.48$2.00

1x TV1

1503

1.79%23.40

$3.74

2x DV

D Player

240

31.79%

12.48$2.00

1xVC

R1

403

1.79%6.24

$1.00

16. C

hairs Stacked4

2xT122

4035

20.83%145.60

$23.30$153.58

46xT8

632

4023.81%

399.36$63.90

Com

mercial D

ishwasher (9A

; 120VA

C)

11080

74.17%

393.12$62.90

1x Toaster Oven

11500

21.19%

156.00$24.96

46xT8

632

4023.81%

399.36$63.90

Fridge, 110 gallons. 1.7A rated

, 0.89A m

easured

.1

204D

atalogged, 94.7kW

h/14 days-

-2272.80

$363.65

Small m

icrowave

11200

21.19%

124.80$19.97

2x Electric Kettles2

15002

1.19%312.00

$49.92

Stand-up Freezer, 4.0A

rated1

480D

atalogged, 18.9kW

h/14 days-

-453.60

$72.58

2x Samsung Stoves (240V

AC

; 13.3kW)

213,300

21.19%

2766.40$442.62

Com

mercial C

offee M

aker1

?D

atalogged, 37.8kW

h/14 days-

-907.20

$145.15

2x Stove Ven

t Ho

ods (1.7A)

1204

21.19%

21.22$3.39

$1,312.94

19. Kitchen

Pantry4

1xT81

32"A

ssumed

same as kitchen

" - Mike

4023.81%

66.56$10.65

20. Stairw

ell4

3x CFL (I think 23W

atts)3

23"A

ssumed

same as 2nd floor, 12hrs/w

eek" - M

127.14%

43.06$6.89

21. O

ffice (In Construction)

21x Inc

165

In construction, Assum

ed un-occupied

00.00%

0.00$0.00

22. H

allw

ay Entrance2

2xT82

3210

5.95%33.28

$5.32

23. H

allw

ay2

5xT85

3210

5.95%83.20

$13.31

24. R

ogers Room

224xT8 (Som

e burned out; not discounted

)24

32(D

atalogger) 7.15% O

n12.01

7.15%479.63

$76.74$90.05

0.00%

13x Sm

all Inc; 40 Watt Estim

ate3

404 hrs Sun am

; 2 hrs Wed

am6

3.57%37.44

$5.99

Small sound system

and speakers.

1100

4 hrs Sun am; 2 hrs W

ed am

63.57%

31.20$4.99

String of LED lights above sanctuary step

s18

124 hrs Sun am

; 2 hrs Wed

am6

3.57%67.39

$10.78

142 W

att CFL bulb in the cen

ter of each chandelier

1042


ed am

63.57%

131.04$20.97

10x LED bulbs PER

chandelier100

1.54 hrs Sun am

; 2 hrs Wed

am6

3.57%46.80

$7.49

10x LED Potlights in N

ave Wings

1012


ed am

63.57%

37.44$5.99

10x Ha

logen Flood Lights (innoperable; w

attage??)10

3004 hrs Sun am

; 2 hrs Wed

am6

3.57%936.00

$149.76

2x Ceiling Fans (1.0m

in diameter)

275

"1 fan not running; not included" - M

ike168

100.00%1310.40

$209.66

Com

puter and Speakers

1150


ed am

63.57%

46.80$7.49

27. V

estibule1

2x T122

400

0.00%0.00

$0.00

28. N

arthex1

6x CFL

613

00.00%

0.00$0.00

29. Storage

11x Inc

165

00.00%

0.00$0.00

30. V

estibule1

2x T122

400

0.00%0.00

$0.00

31. M

usical Instrumen

ts1

Guitar + Spea

kers (BXA

300C-300W

amp; Euroline

F1220A - 125W

amp) *rounded

to 500W even

1500

21.19%

52.00$8.32

$431.44

32. 2

nd Floor Sm

all Room

s3

2x T8’s each (10 total)

1032

105.95%

166.40$26.62

33. 2

nd Floor H

allw

ay3

4x T124

4037

22.02%307.84

$49.25

324x T’8s

2432

3722.02%

1477.63$236.42

2x Ceiling Fans (1.0m

in diameter; running at slow

)2

6537

22.02%250.12

$40.02

35. 2

nd Floor B

athroom3

1x CFL (A

ssumed

13Watts)

113

"Neg

ligeable; assum

ed 5hrs/w

eek" -M

52.98%

3.38$0.54

$352.86

36. 2

nd Floor Parish H

all

3x CFL ea

ch (21 total)21

23"I think the lights are on m

ost days" - Response

from Q

uestion list (12 hours estimate -M

ike)12

7.14%

301.39$48.22

45x C

FL, 23 watts

523

00.00%

0.00$0.00

2x CFL, 13 w

atts2

130

0.00%0.00

$0.00

Not Labeled

Basem

ent Parish H

all

424x T8's

2432

(Datalogger) 2.11%

On

3.552.11%

141.77$22.68

41x Inc

160

0.250.15%

0.78$0.12

1x 23W C

FL1

230.25

0.15%0.30

$0.05

3x 13W C

FL3

130.25

0.15%0.51

$0.08

43x 23W

CFL

323

0.250.15%

0.90$0.14

1x 65W H

alogen

165

0.250.15%

0.85$0.14

NA

Large D

HW

112000

(Datalo

gger) (4.97%

ON

)8.35

4.97%5210.40

$833.66

NA

Small D

HW

13500

(Datalo

gger) (17.95%

ON

)30.16

17.95%5489.12

$878.26

Not Labeled

Rogers R

oom R

oof

NA

Snow m

elting He

ater; 300W1

300N

o co

ntrib

utio

n to

space h

eating; N

ot ad

ded

to to

tal yearly kWh

's; Inp

utted

seperately

into

Retscreen

3017.86%

468.00$74.88

Electricity R

ate ($/kW

h)

Total Y

early C

ost

Total Y

early kW

h U

se

0.16$4,428.29

27676.78

Avg M

on

thly C

ost

Avg M

on

thly kW

h U

se

$370.661414.77

34. 2

nd Floor R

ec Room

37. B

asemen

t Parish Ha

ll

39. Stea

m Tunnel

38. Stea

m Tunnel Entrance

Lightin

g, Electrical Lo

ad Tab

le

26. N

ave

Altar + Sanctuary

25.

18. Kitchen

17. D

ishwasher

4. H

allw

ay

15. Storage/TV

room

13. Parish H

all

Appendix D: Steam Distribution System

The steam system has four branches off the main building supply. The branches each serve the four building zones: nave, nurseries/offices, Roger’s room and parish hall. Four independent thermostats control steam flow to each zone.

Appendix E: Historical Electrical Consumption 3-D Graph

Appendix F: Utility (Electricity and Steam) Consumption Chart

Elec and Steam Usage (Oct 2012- Sept 2013)

Month Lb's Steam kWh Electricity

October 869 2,088.00

November 1481 2,374.40

December 2209 2,091.20

January 1914 1,688.40

February 1869 1,902.00

March 1551 1,668.00

April 956 2,151.20

May 471 1,823.60

June 23 1,860.80

July 0 1,230.80

August 0 1,278.80

September 9 1,869.60

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Stea

m/E

lect

rici

ty C

on

sum

pti

on

(lb

s/kW

h)

Month

Utility Consumption of Steam and Electricity (Oct 2012 - Sept 2013)

Steam Use (lbs)

Electricity Use (kWh)

Appendix G: Temperature Data Log Chart

Appendix H: Utility Reconciliation of Steam and Electricity

Steam Reconciliation

Initial variance between historical and modelled steam consumption:

To reduce the variance, the modelled air change rate was changed from 0.363 ac/h to 0.465 ac/h.

The resulted variance between modelled and historical steam consumption was reduced to 0%.

Electricity Reconciliation

The initial variance between the historical electrical utility data and the modelled usage is quite low, 4%.

The modelled usage was first tabulated in a separate Excel file, with the final total being inputted into RetScreen:

The modeled usage was based on estimates provided from the client and two weeks of data logging. The client must be

assumed to be correct in his estimations and the logged data must be assumed to be representative of yearly data.

However, if that were entirely accurate, we would have perfect correlation between utility and modelled data. The

model is over predicting electricity usage by 4%. This may be due to an over estimation of usage during the summer

months, which our 3D surface chart shows drops off considerably. Consider the chart:

There is a reduction of usage of approximately 50%

during the months of July and August. During the

summer, the Church must have very few programs

active, resulting in much lower usage. The model does

not account for this: it assumes the inputted electrical

and appliance duty cycles remain constant throughout

the entire year. It would therefore be over-predicting

electricity usage, possibly by accounting for the 4%.

For the purposes of upgrades and recommendations,

the current modelled electricity usage will be used.

However, it will be noted that any calculated savings to

be expected is based on a model made without enough

year-long data to be 100% accurate to historical usage.

Any recommendations made to lighting and electrical systems must therefore be taken with a 4% grain of salt.

Appendix I: Steam Temperature

While steam supply remains at reasonable and

predictable temperatures for the most part, there are

several recorded anomalies. Consider the following:

Date Steam Supply Temp (°F)

March 24th, 2:23 pm 797

March 16th, 7:41 am 426

March 24th, 2:26pm to 2:30pm

Between 345 and 386

March 11th, 12:56pm 398

The average supply temperature, found through an

excel trend-line, was seen to be 230°F. Why then do we

see large spikes in temperature of double or even triple

that amount?

The answer may be that in those instances the

delivered steam was not saturated, but superheated.

Saturated steam is normally used for heat delivery for

its high energy content. Energy is harness though the

change of state from vapour to liquid, and returned

through the condensate line. Superheated steam is

heated above its boiling point, and can be cooled

without changing its state back to liquid. Superheated

steam is high temperature and high pressure, but with a

much lower energy content than in its saturated state.

The bottom line is that if superheated was being

delivered as high as 800°F in some instances, this would

cause a considerable spike in pressure. The system have

not have been designed to be able to cope with these

occasional pressure spikes.

It may be of value for the client to investigate this

matter, to ensure there is no danger to his system. A

possible diagnostic method may be to setup a

temperature logger on the supply steam line, with a

video camera focused on the pressure gauge. After an

appropriate interval, the temperature log could be

consulted, temperature spikes noted and the time-

stamped footage would indicate how high the steam

line pressure reached. It might even be possible to set

the camera to record precisely in tune with the logger

interval to save on memory space.

It would be of benefit to the client to know exactly how

high his supply pressure is peaking, and if it constitutes

a potential danger.

Time (M

arch 1

1th-2

5th, 2

01

4)

st. james church - energy audit report

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