St Augustine Preparation Lessons

http://dos.myflorida.com/florida-facts/florida-history/a-brief-history/european-exploration-and-colonization/

Review of Florida History

• Including: Early Indian Tribes Indigenous to Florida

People first reached Florida 12,000 years ago

• The people who inhabited Florida at that time were hunters and gatherers, who only rarely sought big game for food. Modern researchers think that their diet consisted of small animals, plants, nuts, and shellfish. These first Floridians settled in areas where a steady water supply, good stone resources for tool making, and firewood were available. Over the centuries, these native people developed complex cultures.

• During the period prior to contact with Europeans, native societies of the peninsula developed cultivated agriculture, traded with other groups in what is now the southeastern United States, and increased their social organization.

European Colonisation• Written records about life in Florida

began with the arrival of the Spanish explorer and adventurer Juan Ponce de León in 1513. Sometime between April 2 and April 8, Ponce de León waded ashore on the northeast coast of Florida, possibly near present-day St. Augustine. He called the area la Florida, in honor of Pascua florida ("feast of the flowers"), Spain's Eastertime celebration.

• On another voyage in 1521, Ponce de León landed on the southwestern coast of the peninsula, accompanied by two-hundred people, fifty horses, and numerous beasts of burden. His colonization attempt quickly failed because of attacks by native people. However, Ponce de León's activities served to identify Florida as a desirable place for explorers, missionaries, and treasure seekers.

• In 1539 Hernando de Soto began another expedition in search of gold and silver, which took him on a long trek through Florida and what is now the southeastern United States. For four years, de Soto's expedition wandered, in hopes of finding the fabled wealth of the Indian people. De Soto and his soldiers camped for five months in the area now known as Tallahassee. De Soto died near the Mississippi River in 1542. Survivors of his expedition eventually reached Mexico.

• No great treasure troves awaited the Spanish conquistadores who explored Florida. However, their stories helped inform Europeans about Florida and its relationship to Cuba, Mexico, and Central and South America, from which Spain regularly shipped gold, silver, and other products. Groups of heavily-laden Spanish vessels, called plate fleets, usually sailed up the Gulf Stream through the straits that parallel Florida's Keys. Aware of this route, pirates preyed on the fleets. Hurricanes created additional hazards, sometimes wrecking the ships on the reefs and shoals along Florida's eastern coast.

Spain was not the only European nation that found Florida attractive. In 1562 the French protestant Jean

Ribault explored the area. Two years later, fellow Frenchman René

Goulaine de Laudonnière established Fort Caroline at the

mouth of the St. Johns River, near present-day Jacksonville.

France Vs. Spain!

These French adventurers prompted Spain to accelerate her plans for colonization. Pedro Menéndez de Avilés

hastened across the Atlantic, his sights set on removing the French and creating a Spanish settlement. Menéndez arrived in 1565 at a place he called San Augustín (St.

Augustine) and established the first permanent European settlement in what is now the United States. He

accomplished his goal of expelling the French, attacking and killing all settlers except for non-combatants and

Frenchmen who professed belief in the Roman Catholic faith. Menéndez captured Fort Caroline and renamed it San

Mateo.

Spain 1 - France 0

• French response came two years later, when Dominique de Gourgues recaptured San Mateo and made the Spanish soldiers stationed there pay with their lives.

Spain 1 - France 1

• However, this incident did not halt the Spanish advance. Their pattern of constructing forts and Roman Catholic missions continued. Spanish missions established among native people soon extended across north Florida and as far north along the Atlantic coast as the area that we now call South Carolina.

• The English, also eager to exploit the wealth of the Americas, increasingly came into conflict with Spain's expanding empire. In 1586 the English captain Sir Francis Drake looted and burned the tiny village of St. Augustine. However, Spanish control of Florida was not diminished.

England 1 - Spain 0

• The English colonists in the Carolina colonies were particularly hostile toward Spain. Led by Colonel James Moore, the Carolinians and their Creek Indian allies attacked Spanish Florida in 1702 and destroyed the town of St. Augustine. However, they could not capture the fort, named Castillo de San Marcos. Two years later, they destroyed the Spanish missions between Tallahassee and St. Augustine, killing many native people and enslaving many others. The French continued to harass Spanish Florida's western border and captured Pensacola in 1719, twenty-one years after the town had been established.

• Britain gained control of Florida in 1763 in exchange for Havana, Cuba, which the British had captured from Spain during the Seven Years' War (1756–63). Spain evacuated Florida after the exchange, leaving the province virtually empty. At that time, St. Augustine was still a garrison community with fewer than five hundred houses, and Pensacola also was a small military town.

British rule lasted only twenty years.

The two Floridas remained loyal to Great Britain throughout the War for American Independence

(1776–83). However, Spain–participating indirectly in the war as an ally of France–captured Pensacola

from the British in 1781. In 1784 it regained control of the rest of Florida as part of the peace treaty that

ended the American Revolution.

EnglandVS SPAIN AMERICA

& FRANCE!!!!!

Why colonise America?• Like most colonies anywhere in the world, the driving force behind the

governments of France, Britain and Spain and their interest in establishing colonies in the New World was largely commercial. That is - they were in it for the cash.

• There were various motivations for the actual colonists, of course, escaping religious persecution and so forth, but the reason the governments were interested has mostly to do with money. Furs, lumber, gold... these were the early motivators of government interest in North and South America.

• In the case of the British, establishing Naval stations was also part of their global strategy (Halifax and Victoria being good examples), but what really drove the governments to compete for the New World was its abundance of resources.

When the British evacuated Florida, Spanish colonists as well as settlers from the newly formed United States came

pouring in. Many of the new residents were lured by favorable Spanish terms for acquiring property, called land grants. Others who came were escaped slaves, trying to reach a place where their U.S. masters had no authority

and effectively could not reach them. Instead of becoming more Spanish, the two Floridas increasingly became more "American." Finally, after several official and unofficial U.S. military expeditions into the territory, Spain formally ceded Florida to the United States in 1821, according to terms of

the Adams-Onís Treaty.

Adams-Onis Treaty • The countries agreed that the western boundary of the

United States began at the mouth of the Sabine River (which today forms the border between western Louisiana and eastern Texas). From there the boundary ran at a northwest angle until it reached 42 degrees north latitude. It then followed this line of latitude west to the Pacific Ocean. Territory lying east and north of this line belonged to the United States; territory lying west and south of this line belonged to Spain. By this treaty the United States gained all of Florida and a southern strip of Alabama and Mississippi (collectively called the Old Southwest).

Activity 1 Florida Map - Cut & Stick

Fountain of Youth Lesson(s)

• See Attached PDF

The New World and the Search for Eternal Youth

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The New World and the Search for Eternal Youth

A Teacher’s Workshop/Symposium

by Mallory M. O’Connor

Mitch Kolbe, Homosassa Springs

Introduction: Using Art to Teach History The legendary search for the Fountain is one of the great myths of the world.

In Florida, it has been one of the defining myths of our cultural identity. In

nature, architecture, advertising, popular art and even medicine, the Fountain

myth is everywhere, a source of endless allure. Throughout Florida’s history,

numerous artists have drawn inspiration from this classic story.

The study of history is often perceived by students to be “boring,”—a

necessary evil to be endured because it is required. However, using art to

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Synopsis of The Fountain of Youth in Florida’s History For at least 500 years, the Fountain of Youth has defined Florida’s

reputation as a land of sunshine and dreams, rejuvenation and relaxation,

health and wealth and a better tomorrow. Beginning with the legend of

Ponce de Leon’s search for the magic Fountain and right up to the present

day, the Florida dream incorporated the legend of the Fountain of Youth into

a publicity campaign that lured millions of people to Florida in hopes of

finding palm trees, balmy Februarys, and youthful vitality. “A refuge and a

dream, a time-warp and brave new world, Florida provided a new home to

millions of Americans wishing to reinvent themselves” (Gary Mormino,

“Ponce’s Ghosts” p. 5).

Imagination is a powerful motivator and images can make the wildest

dreams look real. Art has played a vital role in establishing and perpetuating

the “paradise” image of Florida—an image that was meant to convey a sense

of place not necessarily as it actually is but as the artist (and the viewer)

wanted it to be. In hundreds of paintings and prints, illustrations and ads,

films and videos, artists have put forward a convincing picture of this

Florida of the Mind, a place ripe with possibilities and full of hidden

potential. In this “Magic Kingdom,” anything can happen and dreams can

come true.

The following resources focus on five topics: the origins of the

Fountain of Youth legend; the role of the Fountain story in early European

exploration; the use of the Fountain legend by Florida communities to attract

tourists; the popularity of the Fountain in advertising and popular culture;

and the use of the Fountain story by contemporary Florida artists.

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Suggestions for Classroom Use

1. The Origins of the Fountain of Youth in Legend and Myth

The Fountain of Youth. Illustration for a Japanese Fairy

The legend of the search for the Fountain of Youth is one of the oldest

stories in the world and one of the first to be written down and preserved for

posterity. The story first appears in the Epic of Gilgamesh that dates to at

least 2100 B.C.

Variations of the same legend occurred throughout the Western world in

Egypt, Greece, Rome and Celtic Britain. Asian variants are found in stories

from China, Japan and Southeast Asia. And Medieval Europe swarmed with

tales of exotic lands where one might find the secret to eternal life and

youth. In the New World, indigenous Indian cultures provided their own rich

mythology of mysterious life-giving substances.

Illustration of these legends in painting, sculpture and decorative and

popular arts attests to their universal significance and timeless appeal. Most

of these images focus on the substance most often credited with having

youth-giving magical powers: water.

How did Gilgamesh

decide life was best spent?

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Suggestions for Classroom Use

1. The Origins of the Fountain of Youth in Legend and Myth

The Fountain of Youth. Illustration for a Japanese Fairy

The legend of the search for the Fountain of Youth is one of the oldest

stories in the world and one of the first to be written down and preserved for

posterity. The story first appears in the Epic of Gilgamesh that dates to at

least 2100 B.C.

Variations of the same legend occurred throughout the Western world in

Egypt, Greece, Rome and Celtic Britain. Asian variants are found in stories

from China, Japan and Southeast Asia. And Medieval Europe swarmed with

tales of exotic lands where one might find the secret to eternal life and

youth. In the New World, indigenous Indian cultures provided their own rich

mythology of mysterious life-giving substances.

Illustration of these legends in painting, sculpture and decorative and

popular arts attests to their universal significance and timeless appeal. Most

of these images focus on the substance most often credited with having

youth-giving magical powers: water.

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Lucas Cranach the Elder. The Fountain of Youth. 1546 One of the major sources for the story of the Fountain of Youth appears in

the Alexander Romance that describes Alexander the Great and his servant

crossing the Land of Darkness to find a restorative spring. After traveling

across a land that was “so hot that they were burnt by their saddles,” they

came to a land of flowers and green meadows, “and there was the dear

fountain of sweet water that rejuvenated four times a day. The old warriors

entered the fountain; more than forty-six bathed in it and when they came

out they were age thirty and like the best knights.” Versions of the

Alexander Romance were very popular in Europe and would have been

known to the explorers who journeyed to America. Due to the influence of

these tales, the Fountain of Youth legend remained well known and popular

throughout the European Age of Exploration (1450-1650).

About the Art

The Northern Renaissance artist Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472-1553) was

forty years old when Ponce de Leon first made landfall on the Florida

peninsula half a world away. Though separated by distance and culture, the

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Chris Crollard, Weekie Wachee Mermaid Weeki Wachee Spring is certainly one of Florida’s most enduring attractions

and one that is uniquely designed to exploit both the natural resources of the

region and the charms of visual mythology. According to the information

posted on the official Weeki Wachee website, “If you thought mermaids

were just the lively imaginings of lonely sailors, think again -- and come to

Weeki Wachee Springs, the City of Live Mermaids, on the Gulf Coast of

Florida.” According to Bobbie O’Brien in an on-line article titled “The State

We’re In: Mermaids Find the Fountain of Youth,” early Spanish explorers

mistook slow-swimming manatees for mermaids.

Mermaids definitely have an ambivalent reputation—some are

considered beneficial and are said to be able to cure diseases and help lost

navigators find their way while others are said to be deadly sirens that lure

unwary travelers to their death. Perhaps symbolically they unite the most

revered and the most feared attributes of women—as both the nourishing

mother and the deadly femme fatale.

Located about an hour north of Tampa, Weeki Wachee Park is one of

Florida’s oldest and most unique roadside attractions. For almost 60 years,

the family oriented park has lured in visitors with beautiful “mermaids” who

Ponce de leon movie

Pages 10 - 12 Fountain of Youth Pdf

• Read the life story of Ponce de Leon

• Do the reader’s theatre activity & then the exercises.

Lesson 3-4

• Seminole Indians and Wars

• On one of those military operations, in 1818, General Andrew Jackson made a foray into Florida. Jackson's battles with Florida's Indian people later would be called the First Seminole War.

Trail of Tears Prezi Game

Lesson 5 - Florida Reaches Statehood

Virtual Fieldtrip