ssuus u q i a a f s u q i a a fq i a a f r i rriir i d o ... inst... · ssuus u q i a a fs u q i a...

S uS uS uS u q i a a fq i a a fq i a a fq i a a f r ir ir ir i d od od od o n in in in i Z eZ eZ eZ e sasasasaxexexexeleblebleblebTan ricxvmoTan ricxvmoTan ricxvmoTan ricxvmonacnacnacnacvle zmnevle zmnevle zmnevle zmnebisbisbisbis SeSeSeSeTanTanTanTanxmxmxmxmeeeebis webis webis webis wesesesesebibibibisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

1. saxelisa da zmnis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis wesebi rig Se-

mTxvevaSi sruliad garkveulia. igulisxmeba:

a) mravlobiTSi dasmul sulier saxelebTan zmnac mrav-

lobiTSia, e. i. zmna eTanxmeba saxels (aq: qvemdeba-

res): kaci midis _ kacebi / kacni midian, ZaGli Kefs

_ ZaGlebi Kefen);

b) usulo saxelTa mravlobiTi ricxvis formebTan zmna,

Cveulebriv, mxoloobiTSia (saxlebi / magidebi dgas),

Tuki saxelebs saTanado piris nacvalsaxelis -

nnnnar/TTTTaniani formebi (isini / maT) ar enacvleba (isi-

ni dganan);

g) amave wess misdevs (e. i. mxoloobiTSi dadgeba zmna

krebiT saxelebTan (studentoba / axalgazrdoba mxia-

rulobs. Sdr.: studentebi / axalgazrdebi mxiarulo-

ben) da SewKvilebuli (defisiT gaformebuli) saxe-

lebi (col-qmari / deda-Svili... tkbilad cxovrob-

da) (Sdr.: coli da qmari / deda da Svili... cxov-

robdnen).

maSasadame, arc erT am SemTxvevaSi orazrovneba ara

gvaqvs.

2. imasve ver vitKviT e. w. supleturi zmnebis xmarebis

SemTxvevaTa Sesaxeb. es gasagebicaa: aq forforforformamamamalulululuri ri ri ri SeTanxmebis

wesebSi iyreba azazazazrobrobrobrobririririvi vi vi vi SeTanadebis sakiTxi, rac arTulebs

erTmniSvnelovani wesebis CamoKalibebas da, aqedan gamomdinare,

maT dacvasac.

leqsikuri saSualebebiT gamoxatuli mravlobiToba enis

simdidrea da SeuZlebelia mavanTa gauTviTcnobiereblobis

gamo maT advilad (upasuxismgeblod) SevelioT. amasTan, rKevis

procesic TvalsaCinoa, magram mainc SesaZlebelia normatiuli

3

da aranormatiuli sakiTxebis gamiJvna.

3. normatiuli sakiTxebis dasma-gadawKvetisas gasaTvalis-

winebelia qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mtkice sintaqsuri

wesi simravlis aGmniSvnel msazGvrelebTan (ricxviT saxelebsa

da ganusazGvreli simravlis aGmniSvnel sxva saxelebTan) sa-

zGvrulebisa da maTTan Sexamebuli zmnebis mxoloobiTSi xma-

rebisa. es erTgvari `Jayvuri reaqcia~ saeyvos xdis amgvar Se-

mTxvevebSi supleturi zmnebis xmarebis sayiroebis sakiTxs.

4. gasaTvaliswinebelia zogierTi semantikur-stilistiku-

ri faqtoric, romlebic iZleva imis safuZvels, rom daisvas

sakiTxi rig SemTxvevaSi supleturi da maTi monacvle regula-

ruli zmnebis paraleluri xmarebis daSvebis Sesaxeb.

n an an an a t o a x at o a x at o a x at o a x a l al al al a i ai ai ai a

ererererTpiTpiTpiTpiririririaaaani meni meni meni medidididiooooaqaqaqaqtitititivevevevebi mebi mebi mebi megrulgrulgrulgrulSiSiSiSi (qarTulTan SepirispirebiT)

saSuali gvaris zmna, qarTulis msgavsad, megrulSic

mravalferovnebiTa da sirTuliT gamoirCeva, rasac am tipis

zmnaTa formobriv-semantikuri sxvadasxvaoba ganapirobebs.

megrulSi saSuali gvarisaa sxvadasxva semantikis mqone

formebi, esenia: a) frinvelTa da cxovelTa xmianobis aGmniS-

vneli zmnebi; b) xmis, xmauris aGmniSvneli zmnebi; g) laparakis

aGmniSvneli zmnebi; d) bunebis movlenebis aGmniSvneli zmnebi;

e) qarTulidan nasesxebi zogierTi fuZe da sxv.

erTpiriani medioaqtivebi megrulSi Semdegi Tavisebure-

bebiT gamoirCeva:

1. megrulSi erTpirian medioaqtivTa sawarmoeblad, qar-

Tulisgan gansxvavebiT, moqmedebiTi gvaris saTaviso qcevis

forma ki ar gamoiKeneba, aramed saSual gvars sakuTari forma-

4

warmoeba aqvs, riTac emsgavseba moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebs

(funfunfunfun-s _ duG-s, gegegege----funfunfunfun-s _ i-duG-eb-s, gegegege----fufufufu _ _ _ _ i-duG-a).

2. megruli mKofadisa da namKo ZiriTadisaTvis, metwil

SemTxvevaSi, damaxasiaTebelia uprefiqso formawarmoeba, rac

ucxoa Tanamedrove qarTulisaTvis (lallallallal----unununun-s _ Kefs, lalalalalulululu _

i-Kef-a).

3. megrulSi mKofadis wresa da namKo ZiriTadis nakvTeb-

Si garCeulia sruli da usruli aspeqtis formebi. qarTulSi

ki am tipis zmnebs aspeqtis gageba ara aqvT (lallallallal----unununun-s _ Kefs,

qoqoqoqo----lallallallal----unununun-s _ i-Kef-eb-s, lalalalalulululu // qoqoqoqo----lalalalalulululu _ i-Kef-a).

4. megrulSi erTpiriani medioaqtivebi dairTaven [qoqoqoqo-],

gogogogo-, dodododo- zmniswinebs, romlebic, qarTulisgan gansxvavebiT, gez-

sa da orientaciaze ar miuTiTeben.

n an an an a r g i z a xr g i z a xr g i z a xr g i z a x v l ev l ev l ev l e d id id id i aaaa n in in in i

ererererTi gvaTi gvaTi gvaTi gvaris isris isris isris istotototoririririiiiisasasasaTvis ayTvis ayTvis ayTvis ayaaaararararaSiSiSiSi

sagvareulo gadmocemiT, Jvarosnuli laSqrobidan ukan

dabrunebisas erT-erT Jvarosan molaSqres, abJarosan axvledi-

ans moswonebia es adgili da dasaxlebula maxinJaurSi. buneb-

rivia, Jvarosnul laSqrobaSi, Sesabamisad aGyurvil-SeiaraGe-

bulni, abJarasxmulni, àbJarosanni~, anu JavSniT Semosilni Ge-

bulobdnen monawileobas.

Cveni naSromis mizania, warmovadginoT erTi gvaris isto-

ria ayaraSi. eseni arian leCxumidan mosuli _ maxinJaureli

axvledianebi _ alxamuS axvledianis STamomavlebi. alxamuSi

erT-erTi bolo qristiani axvlediani iKo, romelic maxinJaur-

Sia dakrZaluli.

ayaraSi, Turqebis batonobis dros, axvledianebma, iseve

rogorc TiTqmis Kvela sxva mcxovrebma, miiGes Turquli òG-

5

liT~ gaformebuli gvari. ase magaliTad, axvlediani gaxda ki-

risiloGli. am faqts adasturebs 1944 wels gamocemuli

mkvlevar xariton axvledianis monografia: `narkvevi ayaris is-

toriidan~ (XVI-XVII s.s.), romelSic avtori orive gvars, axvle-

dianTan erTad iqve frCxilebSi kirisiloGlsac uTiTebda. gva-

ri kirisiloGli erTi epoqis naKofia, Turqebis batonobis

droindeli (abJarosani axvlediani Turqul enaze iTargmna,

rogorc kirisiloGli axvlediani). ZirZvel qarTul gvarebs,

aseve qarTul toponimebs, Turqebi maTTvis gasageb enaze Tar-

gmnidnen. ase magaliTad, Turqebis Semosvlis Semdeg qarTuli

`wKavnari koncxi~ maT pirdapir Targmnes, rogorc `karaiemiS

buruni~ (Kara- Savi, iemiS _ `saymeli~), xolo rusebis Semo-

svlis Semdeg, igive toponimi, amJerad rusebma Targmnes rusul

enaze, rogorc ”зелёный мыс” _ mwvane koncxi.

m am am am a i ai ai ai a b ab ab ab a r ir ir ir i x a Sx a Sx a Sx a S v iv iv iv i l il il il i

kulkulkulkultutututururururulililili rererereinininintegtegtegtegrarararaciaciaciacia dadadada didididiaaaaleqleqleqleqtistististis ganganganganviviviviTaTaTaTarerererebisbisbisbis zozozozogigigigi sasasasakikikikiTxiTxiTxiTxi (naTesaobis

aGmniSvneli ingilouri leqsikis mixedviT)

ingilouri dialeqti sukuneebis manZilze ganicdida

azerbaiJanuli enis gavlenas, ris gamoc igi daSorebuli iKo

saliteraturo qarTulsa da sxva aGmosavlur kiloebs. dia-

leqtis mkvlevrebi r. GambaSiZe, b. JorbenaZe, n. rostiaSvili,

v. JangiZe aGniSnavdnen: ìngilouri kilo ganicdis azerbaiJanu-

li enis gavlenas da mosalodnelia, rom es gavlena kidev uf-

ro imatebs momavalSi~. Cvens xelT arsebul teqstebze da-

KrdnobiT SesaZlebelia iTqvas, rom ingilour dialeqtSi ga-

suli saukunis 90-iani wlebidan saliteraturo qarTulis ga-

vlenis axali fena ikveTeba. xelovnur izolaciaSi mKof ingi-

6

lour dialeqtSi gaCnda erovnuli enis xelaxali gavlenis kva-

li da `centriskuli~ tendenciebi (m. beriZe). rac, Cveni az-

riT, kulturuli reintegraciiT aris gamowveuli. 1990-iani

wlidan saingilos teritoriaze SesaZlebeli gaxda sazogado-

ebrivi arxis gadacemebis miGeba, xolo 2000 wlidan mas daema-

ta `rusTavi 2~ da `imedi~. am da sxva saxis aGdgenili kontaq-

tebis wKalobiT ingilouris leqsikur fondSi aGdga Zveli,

miviwKebuli formebi.

moxsenebaSi ganvixilavT mose JanaSvilis, r. GambaSiZis,

gr. imnaiSvilis, v. kuzibabaSvilisa da proeqtis `saqarTvelos

lingvisturi portreti~ farglebSi (avtori m. beriZe) 2005-

2007 wlebSi Caweril teqstebs.

aGsaniSnavia, rom v. kuzibabaSvilis mier Caweril teq-

stebSi ukve dasturdeba erTi mTqmelis metKvelebaSi parale-

lurad gamoKenebuli sinonimuri formebi, romelTagan erTi

azerbaiJanulia, meore ki _ qarTuli: Ana- deda; qardas-Zma da

sxv. xolo 2006 wlidan, aGniSnuli proeqtis farglebSi Cawe-

ril teqstebSi, TiTqmis gandevnilia naTesaobis aGmniSvneli

ucxoenovani leqsika da gvxvdeba mxolod qarTuli, rogorc

axalgazrdebis, aseve xandazmulebis metKvelebaSi:

magaliTad: qardas _ Zma, iezna _ siZe, tai _ biZa, qoum _

qvisli, qirva _ naTlia da sxva.

moxsenebaSi warmovadgenT Cven mier moZiebul masalas da

ganvixilavT ingilouri dialeqtis Tanamedrove enobriv viTa-

rebas.

7

g ug ug ug u r a m b er a m b er a m b er a m b e d o Sd o Sd o Sd o S v iv iv iv i l il il il i

ererererTi mxatTi mxatTi mxatTi mxatvruvruvruvruli meli meli meli metatatatafofofoforis Seris Seris Seris Sesasasasaxebxebxebxeb alalalal. . . . KKKKazazazazbebebebegigigigis s s s `̀̀̀namwKnamwKnamwKnamwKememememsasasasaris moris moris moris mogogogogonenenenebabababanisnisnisnis~~~~ mimimimixedxedxedxedviTviTviTviT

1. moTxrobaSi `namwKemsaris mogonebani~ al. Kazbegs Se-

uqmnia erT-erTi saucxoo mxatvruli saxe. igi wers: `cxvari

gaiZaba viwro xveuls xeobazed da daemsgavsa moZravs grZels

x o r t s~ (Txz., gv. 463, 10).

al. Kazbegis TxzulebaTa leqsikonis Semdgenels (prof.

S. ZiZiguri) saeyvod mosCvenebia siswore sitKvisa `x o r t i~,

amitomac saleqsikono sitKva-statiaSi kiTxulobs: xom ar unda

KofiliKo z o r t i? Tavis eyvs mkvlevari iqve ganmartavs: `es

savaraudebelia Sinaarsis mixedviT da amave dros advilad mi-

viGebdiT zzzz-s adgilas xxxx-s: an Camotexilia zeda nawili (z aso-

si) nabeydSi, anda g a u g e b r o b a (xazi Cvenia, g. b.) warmo-

mdgaria avtografSi xxxx _ zzzz xelnawer asoTa msgavsebis safuZ-

velze~ (TxzulebaTa leqsikoni, gv. 553).

2. mwerliseuli `xorxorxorxortitititi~ moxeuri sitKvaa da Kinulis pa-

tar-patara namtvrevebs niSnavs. moxeur xorts xorts xorts xorts mTiulebSi

`xorxorxorxordidididi~ SeesitKveba imave mniSvnelobiT (l. kaiSauri). xorxorxorxortitititi

ganmartebulia sabas da n. CubinaSvilis mier rogorc `didi

Kinulis nayeri~.

3. dialeqturi formis `gasworebam~ iSviaTi gamomsaxve-

lobiTi Zalis metaforisagan aGaraferi datova: cxvris faris

`zorzorzorzortitititiviTviTviTviT~ svla sruliad arafrismTqmeli saxea.

aqedan Cans, rom mwerlis enaze momuSave enaTmecniers,

miT umetes, dialeqtologs, gansakuTrebuli sifrTxile mar-

Tebs.

8

c ic ic ic i aaaa l a b e nl a b e nl a b e nl a b e n d ed ed ed e l il il il i aaaa n in in in i

mimimimigragragragracicicicieeeebbbbi cxei cxei cxei cxeniswKniswKniswKniswKlis xelis xelis xelis xeoooobabababaSi daSi daSi daSi da sasasasametKvemetKvemetKvemetKvelolololo kokokokodedededebis aGbis aGbis aGbis aGweweweweris Taris Taris Taris Tavivivivisesesesebubububurerererebabababa

moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia cxeniswKlis xeobis migraci-

ul procesebTan dakavSirebuli lingvisturi sakiTxebi. ker-

Zod, kodebis Serevis problema.

cxeniswKlis xeobidan / xeobaSi XIX saukunis bolodan in-

tensiurad warimarTa migraciuli procesi, ris gamoc imereTis

samegrelospira zolSi amjamda mikroqarTveluri sametvelo

arealia warmoqmnili. aqtiurad mimdinareobs mikronTa Sereva,

Tumca migraciebi iseTi masiuri da intensiuri aGar aris, ro-

gorc iKo II msoflio omis Semdeg, momdevno periodSi _ urba-

nizaciis / ekokatastrofebis safuZvelze, afxazeTis omis Sede-

gad. sametKvelo kodebis Serevis TvalsazrisiT axal viTarebas

qmnis saqarTvlodan sxvadasxva periodulobiT emigrirebulTa

simravle.

cxeniswKlis xeobaSi amjamad qvemoimerelTa garda saxlo-

ben: gaimerlebuli Zveli migranti megrelebi; urbanizaciis sa-

fuZvelze migrirebuli cxeniswKlisxeobeli leCxumlebi; XIX s.

II naxevridan afxazeTSi Sesuli, afxazeTis omamde da omis

dros xeobaSi migrirebuli qvemoimerlebi, zemoimerlebi, le-

Cxumlebi, rayvelebi; afxazeTSi adreul periodSi migrirebu-

li mgerelebi (martvilidan da sxv. raionebidan) da svanebi

(balszemoeli, balsqvemoeli, Colureli, laSxeTeli da lente-

xeli); ufro adreuli periodebidan _ ekodevnili lentexeli

svanebi; ekomigranti ayarlebi sxalTis xeobidan; kaTolike mes-

xebi (e. w. `frangebi~) XX saukunis dasawKisidan; rusTa da uk-

rainelTa mcirericxovani socialuri Jgufebi (30-iani wlebi-

dan); XX saukunis dasawKisidan _ axalsirielTa mcirericxova-

ni Jgufebi, 40-iani wlebidan samxreT saqarTvelodan nebaKofi-

lebiT migrirebuli somxebi.

araqarTulenovan sametKvelo Jgufebs / individebs Senar-

9

Cunebuli aqvT mSobliuri sametKvelo kodebi, sakomunikacio

doneze floben qarTul saliteraturo da dialeqtur same-

tKvelo kodebs, ganaTlebas iGebdnen da iGeben rusul enaze.

damxvduri da migrirebuli mosaxleobis sametKvelo kod-

Ta Serevis analizi aucileblobiT sayiroebs damxvdur same-

tKvelo kodSi substratuli danaleqis Seswavlas, Semosuli

mosaxleobis sametKvelo kodebSi migraciamdeli cvlilebebis

gamoKofas, aseTive meTodiT Seiswavleba TiToeuli migrirebu-

li sametKvelo kodi _ migraciamdel periodebSi momxdari Se-

revebi (damxvdur sametKvelo kodTan / sxva migrirebul kodeb-

Tan). Semdgomi etapia migraciis periodSi momxdari cvlilebe-

bis analizi. kvlvisas mivmarTavT Sereuli analizis meTods.

gansakuTrebul sirTules qmnis saanalizo regionSi

warmoqmnili mozaikuroba: mikromozaikuria, mag.: devnilTa

kompaqturi dasaxleba, makromozaikuri SeiZleba ewodos saana-

lizo regions.

qarTul saliteraturo enobriv kodTan da kodebs So-

ris urTierTobaTa Seswavla emKareba TiToeuli socialuri /

sametKvelo Jgufis detalur sociologiur aGweras. ukve adap-

tirebuli meTodebis garda regionSi Seqmnili speacifikuri

viTarebidan gamomdinare viKenebT aGweris damatebiT saSuale-

bebs, ris safuZvelzec SesaZlebelia gamoiKos socialuri dia-

tipebi, socialuri saqmianobis sferoTa mixedviT sametKvelo

repertuarebSi aGinusxos narev mikronTa gamoKenebis sixSire,

TiToeuli sametKvelo kodis adgili kodebis ierarqiaSi, kore-

laciis dadgena _ fonologiuri cvladi / sociolingvisturi

cvladi, identuri / araidenturi, sabazo diafonis SemTxvevaSi

migrirebul da damxvdur sametKelo kodebSi momxdari fonet-

ikuri cvlilebebi da a. S.

sakvlev regionSi sametKvelo kodTa Serevis analizisas

aucilebelia masalis interdisciplinarul sibrtKeze ganxilva.

10

mmmm eeee r a br a br a br a b b e b e b e b e r ir ir ir i Z eZ eZ eZ e

`̀̀̀vavavavahahahahaninininisasasasa~ ~ ~ ~ da da da da `̀̀̀vavavavaxaxaxaxanisnisnisnis~ ~ ~ ~ isisisistotototoriariariaria---- etietietietimomomomolololologigigigiiiiisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

vavavavanininini gavrcelebuli sitKvaa qarTul enaSi. Mmisi mniSvne-

loba iKo: sadgomi, saxli, daba, sacxovrebeli (i. abulaZe). mis-

gan aris warmoqmnili sitKvebi: savane, davaneba, savanis dadeba

da sxva.

Bbevria vanvanvanvan- fuZis Semcveli toponimebi saqarTveloSi: vani,

vanaTi, vaneTi, vaneli, vaniqedi, vanisyala, savane, savanisubani,

vanisxevi da sxva.

vavavavanis qvanis qvanis qvanis qvabebebebebibibibi, romelic mdebareobs mtkvris xeobaSi, var-

ZiasTan axlos, istoriaSi cnobilia vavavavahahahahanis qvanis qvanis qvanis qvabebebebebadbadbadbad. SemorCe-

nilia me-13 saukunis pirvel naxevarSi Seqmnili `vahanis qvabTa

gangeba~.

saSualo iranuli vani saSualo sparsulSi warmodgeni-

lia hhhh da xxxx TanxmovnebiT _ vahan (vahan) formiT (m. androni-

kaSvili).

qarTul toponimiaSi dasturdeba samive forma, rogorc

h da x TanxmovnebiT, ise Tanxmovnebis gareSe: istoriuli vavavavahahahaha----

nininini, vaxani _ zemo imereTSi da vani dasaxlebuli punqtis Tu

nasoflaris saxelad saqarTvelos teritoriaze.

vavavavaxaxaxaxaninininisasasasa da vavavavahahahahanisnisnisnis igiveoba-naTesaobaze miuTiTes T.

jordaniam, l. mesxeliSvilma da sxvebma. maTi azriT, vvvvaaaaxaxaxaxanininini me-

sxeTSi osmaleTis gabatonebis Semdeg vavavavahahahahaninininidandandandan gadmosulebma

daaarses zemo imereTSi.

1393 wlis erT-erTi minaweris mixedviT vavavavahahahahanininini ukve vavavavanis nis nis nis

saxiT ixsenieba. vansvansvansvans uwodeben vahans me-15-me-16 saukuneebSi.

vanis qvabebad icnobs am punqts vaxuStic.

vahanidan misi sexnia (fonetikuri varianti) toponimi ze-

mo imereTSi osmalobamde bevrad adre unda warmoqmniliKo,

albaT maSinve, rodesac vanis qvabebSi monasteri iKo. SeiZleba

igi saerTod damoukideblad warmoqmnili saxelic aris.

11

s os os os o f if if if i k o b ek o b ek o b ek o b e r ur ur ur u l al al al a vvvv aaaa,,,, e T e r S e e T e r S e e T e r S e e T e r S e n g en g en g en g e l i al i al i al i a

axaaxaaxaaxali mali mali mali masasasasalelelelebi labi labi labi lazuzuzuzuri diqri diqri diqri diqleqleqleqleqtistististis dardardardargobgobgobgobririririvi leqvi leqvi leqvi leqsisisisikikikikidandandandan

arnold Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis institu-

tis mivlinebiT 2008 wlis 9-dan 22 agvistomde lazuri teq-

stebis Casawerad viKaviT xelvaCauris raionis sofel sarfSi.

Cveni mivlineba ar iTvaliswinebda eqspedicias TurqeTis

sazGvrebSi moqceul lazeTSi, magram Cveni maspinZlis, sarfe-

li muhamed (mamia) kaxiZis meSveobiT masala iqac movipoveT,

kerZod, viwesa (axlandeli findikli) da arqabeSi.

video da audio masala Seicavs sxvadasxva Tematuri Sina-

arsis teqstebs:

sofsofsofsoflis melis melis melis meururururneneneneoooobis darbis darbis darbis dargegegegebibibibi: : : : mebostneoba, mevenaxeoba-

meGvineoba, memcenareoba: sasoflo-sameurneo mcenareebis _ si-

mindi, dika, qurumi `Gomi~, kanafi, Tambaqo, citrusi _ moKva-

na, movla-gaSeneba; meTevzeoba: Tevzaobis periodi, pirobebi,

Tevzis JiSebi, Tevzis Senaxvis wesi; mefutkreoba: moSeneba, mo-

vla, misi Tvisebebi; mesaqonleoba: mecxvareoba, meZroxeoba, me-

Txeveoba; maTi movla-moSeneba; rZe da rZis nawarmi. nadiroba;

sasoflo-sameurneo iaraGi da transporti: guTani, xarebi,

cxeni, uremi.

nanananagegegegebobobobobabababanininini:::: sacxovrebeli nagebobani _ ficruli saxli,

misi aGweriloba; sameurneo nagebobani _ beGeli, sabZeli, sa-

cexveli; samSeneblo masalebi _ qva, xe.

sasasasamomomomoseseseselililili: monadiris, meTevzis, mefutkris, saqorwilo,

samgloviaro.

xexexexeloslosloslosnonononobabababa: sawnaxelis, dergis, kalaTis, salamuris da

sxva nakeTobaTa damzadeba; navis ageba, misi nawilebi; feiqroba:

qsova; meTuneoba: kecisa da qvevris gakeTeba; rewva: Txis bewvisa

da cxvris tKavisagan Zafis damzadeba; zGvaSi marilis mopoveba.

adaTadaTadaTadaT----wewewewesesesesebibibibi: : : : qorwili, Sromis simGerebi, dakrZalvasTan,

axal welTan, bavSvis dabadebasTan dakavSirebuli adaTebi;

12

amindis gamocnobis xalxuri wesebi.

TavTavTavTavgagagagadadadadasavsavsavsavlelelelebibibibi, , , , momomomogogogogonenenenebebebebebibibibi bavSvobidan, tradiciebze,

gamoCenil adamianebze.

isisisistotototoririririuuuulililili cnocnocnocnobebebebebibibibi: ansambl `heamos~ CamoKalibeba, mci-

re istoria lazeTze, lazebis sarwmunoebaze, sarfSi qristia-

nuli eklesiis mSeneblobaze.

rwmerwmerwmerwmenananana----warmowarmowarmowarmodgedgedgedgenenenenebibibibi: zGvasTan dakavSirebuli wesebi,

saaGdgomo kvercxis SeGebva, Selocvebi, batonebi.

garda gabmuli teqstebis Cawerisa, SeviswavleT Semdegi

semantikuri Jgufis leqsika: naTesauri urTierTobani; sxeulis

nawilebi; garegnoba; daavadebani; adamianis sxvadasxva Tvisebebi;

puris yamasTan dakavSirebuli leqsika; frazeologizmebi (fi-

cis, dalocvis, wKevlis, samoselTan dakavSirebuli idiomatu-

ri gamoTqmebi); xvna-Tesvis leqsika; wisqvili; baGCeuli; xexi-

li; vazi; saymelebi; rZis nawarmi; mesaqonleobasTan dakavSire-

buli leqsika; bunebis movlenebi.

Cvens mier mopovebuli masala saSualebas iZleva, Tvali

mivadevnoT lazuri dialeqtis gramatikul da leqsikur cvli-

lebebs. vfiqrobT, is aseve saintereso iqneba eTnografiis, is-

toriisa da folkloris mkvlevarTaTvisac.

TTTT iiii n an an an a T i n b iT i n b iT i n b iT i n b i k a Sk a Sk a Sk a S v iv iv iv i l il il il i memememesasasasame dime dime dime diaaaaTeTeTeTezis zis zis zis struqstruqstruqstruqtutututuris ris ris ris ininininverververversisisisiuuuulililili zmnezmnezmnezmnebi svabi svabi svabi svanur enanur enanur enanur enaSiSiSiSi (balszemouri dialeqtis monacemTa mixedviT)

inversia svanur enaSi aqtiurad moqmedi procesia. amas

mowmobs zepir metKvelebaSi maTi gamoKenebis sixSire da mice-

miTSi dasmuli aqtantis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis unari.

qarTulSi gvaqvs erTi wKeba statikuri zmnebisa, romel-

Ta awmKos formebis aaaa-/uuuu- samimarTebo prefiqsebs wKvetilSi

13

cvlis eeee-. aaaa-s SesatKvisi svanurSic aaaa- prefiqsia, xolo uuuu xmo-

vans oooo Seesabameba. _ oooo-. qarTulSi awmKos formebSi zogJer aaaa-/uuuu-

prefiqsebis nacvlad piris niSnebia xolme warmodgenili. am Se-

mTxvevaSic svanuris identur formebSi gvxvdeba aaaa- prefiqsi:

xxxx----aaaa----SSSSŸŸŸŸalalalal----aaaa àbadia~ (àSavia~), xxxx----’’’’----gggg `hxuravs~ (< à-dgdgdgdg-a-s~),

xxxx----oooo----rSrSrSrS----aaaa ùfenia~ (< ù-recrecrecrec-i-a~).

àbia, ufenia~ tipis zmnebi svanurSi micemiTbrunviani sa-

xelis mravlobiTs asaxavs markeriT, rac imas niSnavs, rom me-

tKvelis cnobierebaSi micemiT brunvaSi mdgari saxelia subieq-

ti, magram ara aqtiuri, aramde ganmcdeli:

mx. r. mr. r.

O1 mmmm----’’’’----b mi eJb mi eJb mi eJb mi eJaaaa `mabia me is~ O1 inkl. g…g…g…g…----’’’’----bbbb

O1 exkl. nnnn----’b’b’b’b nnnnÁÁÁÁ eJ eJ eJ eJaaaa

O2 JJJJ----’b si eJa’b si eJa’b si eJa’b si eJa O2 JJJJ----’’’’----bbbb----x sgx sgx sgx sgÁÁÁÁ eJ eJ eJ eJaaaa

O3 xxxx----’’’’----b eJas eJb eJas eJb eJas eJb eJas eJasasasas O3 xxxx----’’’’----bbbb----x ex ex ex eJJJJÁÁÁÁrs eJrs eJrs eJrs eJaaaa svanuri statikuri inversiuli zmnebi ganarCeven Semdeg

Kalibebs: xxxx----aaaa----////oooo////----R----Ø da xxxx----aaaa----////oooo////---- R----aaaa.

grZnoba-aGqmis gamomxatvel zmnebs svanurSic, qarTulis

msgavsad, usufiqso Zireuli struqtura moepoveba: xxxx----aaaa----sdiksdiksdiksdik

`swKins~, xxxx----aaaa----sisgsisgsisgsisg `sZuls~, xxxx----aaaa----ffffˆnˆnˆnˆn `swsuria~, xxxx----aaaa----TˆmTˆmTˆmTˆm `syirs~, xxxx----aaaa----

mymymymyiriririr èzareba~ (zogi am tipis zmna qarTulad dinamikuri vnebiTis

formiT iTargmneba) da a. S.:

mx. r. mr. r.

O1 mmmm--------mymymymyir mi eJir mi eJir mi eJir mi eJaaaa `mezareba~ O1 inkl. g…g…g…g…--------mymymymyiiiirrrr

O1 exkl. nnnn--------mymymymyiiiirrrr nnnnÁÁÁÁ e e e eJJJJaaaa

O2 JJJJ--------mymymymyir siir siir siir si O2 JJJJ--------mymymymyiriririr----x sgx sgx sgx sgÁÁÁÁ

O3 xxxx--------myir eJmyir eJmyir eJmyir eJasasasas O3 xxxx--------mymymymyiriririr----x ex ex ex eJJJJÁÁÁÁrsrsrsrs swored am zmnebis saxiT arsebobda potencia, rom susti

nebelobis mqone subieqti aGniSnuliKo mmmmanis rigis niSnebiT.

àqvs, uKvars~ statikur zmnaTagan TandaTan CamoKalibda suli-

14

erTa moqmedebis ganmcdeli subieqtis mqone inversiuli kon-

struqciis zmnebi, romlebic d. meliqiSvils gaerTianebuli

aqvs III diaTezaSi.

rac Seexeba qarTuli enis àkankalebs~ tipis zmnebs, isi-

ni miGebulia piris klebiT orpiriani gardamavali zmnisagan.

akankalebs is (SiSi) mas > akankalebs mas (sicivisagan). II seria-

Si `moTxrobiTSi dasmuli saxeli moqmedebis agensia, makauza-

tivebeli piria _ aqtiuri subieqtia, xolo moqmedebas ganic-

dis pirdapiri obieqti. amitom cnobierebaSi moTxrobiTSi da-

smuli piri ikargeba da rCeba micemiTSi dasmuli piri, romel-

sac realurad mosdis raime moqmedeba... micemiTSi dasmuli pi-

ri (aqtanti) pasiuri nebis mqone realuri subieqtia, romel-

sac moqmedeba (vneba sulieri Tu fizikuri) Tavisdauneburad

mosdis. amitom aseTi zmnebi uneblie moqmedebas gamoxataven~

(d. meliqiSvili, qarTuli zmnis uGvlilebis sistema, gv. 239).

analogiuri viTarebaa svanurSi, sadac ikargeba moTxro-

biTSi dasmuli makauzativebeli piri da rCeba micemiTSi da-

smuli saxeli, romelic realurad ganicdis moqmedebas: xxxx----aaaa----

rkunrkunrkunrkun----nnnn----e ee ee ee eJJJJasasasas eJ eJ eJ eJaaaa àkankalebs is (SiSi) mas~ da xxxx----aaaa----rkunrkunrkunrkun----nnnn----eeee

eJeJeJeJasasasas àkankalebs mas (sicivisagan)~.

Sinaarsoblivad `makankalebs~ tipis zmnebs ukavSirdeba

qarTuli eeee----R----ebebebeb----aaaa struqturis datiuri konstruqciis mqone

inversiuli zmnebi, romlebic sulier mdgomareobas gamoxata-

ven da unebliobis Sinaarss Seicaven. igive situaciaa svanur-

Sic, oGond aseTi tipis zmnebi ufro xSirad gvxvdeba da ume-

tes SemTxvevaSi warmodgenilia xxxx----aaaa---- R----unununun----eeee struqturiT:

mmmm--------ÁÁÁÁrrrr----unununun----eeee `mewerineba~, mmmm----aaaa----gngngngn----unununun----eeee `metireba r. ykaduas azriT, è. w. modaluri zmnebi awmKos mwkriv-

Si metwilad emTxveva kauzatiur formebs; kerZod, balszemour

dialeqtSi, kauzatiurTa msgavsad, garda erTeuli SemTxvevebi-

sa, gvaqvs -eeee sufiqsi:

bz. xxxx----aaaa----t‰bt‰bt‰bt‰b----unununun----eeee 1. àTlevinebs~; 2. `Tla swadia, unda~

xxxx----aaaa----ƒnƒnƒnƒn----unununun----eeee 1. àxvnevinebs~; 2. `xvna swadia, unda~

daaxloebiT msgavsi situacia SeiniSneba qarTul enaSic,

15

sadac inversiul kauzativebs natvriTobis, survilis gamoxat-

vis unari aqvT (netavi mamGera), rac axsnilia inversiuli kon-

struqciis farTo SesaZleblobebiT~ (a. diri, b. JorbenaZe).

rogorc `makankalebs~, ise eeee----R----ebebebeb----iiii struqturis unebli-

obis semantikis mqone pasivebSi, imave struqturis, oGond mi-

Cnevis semantikis mqone zmnebisagan gansxvavebiT, Cans, rom ra-

Gac grZnoba aiZulebs morfologiur obieqtur pirs, imoqme-

dos. swored amitom unda gamoeKenebina aseTi semantikis zmnebs

aqtivis xxxx----aaaa----R----unununun----eeee struqtura, sadac moTxrobiTSi dasmuli

saxeli realurad moqmedi piria.

qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT, svanur enaSi mesame diaTezas

ganekuTvnebian agreTve iseTi zmnebi, romelTac awmKoSi dGes

sufiqsi aGar moepovebaT, magram istoriulad rom hqondaT,

amaze miuTiTebs fuZiseuli an prefiqsiseuli xmovnis umlauti

(bz. xxxx----aaaa----llll----tttt < xxxx----aaaa----latlatlatlat----eeee ùKvars~, xxxx----aaaa----nnnn----wwwwm m m m < xxxx----aaaa----nnnn----wamwamwamwam++++iiii////eeee

`swams~, xxxx----aaaa----ggggdddd > xxxx----aaaa----gadgadgadgad++++iiii////eeee `marTebs~, xxxx----’’’’----zzzz < xxxx----’z’z’z’z++++iiii////eeee àZevs~,

lnt. xxxx----aaaa----jjjjx x x x < xxxx----aaaa----jaxjaxjaxjax++++eeee `hqviaT~ da a. S.). rasak virvelia, am-

gvari viTareba mxold svanuris specifikaa. marTalia, saanali-

zo formebSi dakargulia awmKos mwkrivis mawarmoebeli sufiq-

sbei -iiii an -eeee (Sdr. Zvel xalxur simGerebSi dadasturebuli

li-lat-e `siKvaruli~), magram maTi kvalia Skaraa diferencia-

luri niSnis saxiT.

amrigad, Zireuli struqturis inversiuli zmnebi svanur-

Si kidev ufro mtkiced CamoKalibebul sistemas qmnian, ramac

daudo safuZveli sxvadasxvagvar inversiul zmnebs.

ramdenime niuansuri sxvaobis miuxedavad, svanur enaSi in-

versiuli zmnebis viTareba konstruqciisa da gamoKenebis sixSi-

ris TvalsazrisiT, ZiriTadad, qarTuliseburia, oGond sva-

nurs daucavs gacilebiT arqauli sistema, rac am enisaTvis

Cveulebrivi movlenaa.

16

m am am am a n an an an a n a b un a b un a b un a b u k i ak i ak i ak i a

jorjjorjjorjjorj di di di diuuuumemememezizizizilis lalis lalis lalis lazuzuzuzuri teqri teqri teqri teqstestestestebibibibi

cnobilma frangma enaTmecnierma, kavkasiologma, religiis

istoriis, eposisa da SedarebiTi miTologiis cnobilma mkvle-

varma jorj diumezilma didi wvlili Seitana qarTvelologiu-

ri mecnierebis ganviTarebis saqmeSi. ramdenime nawilad gamoce-

muli lazuri teqstebi dGemde Seucvleli da umniSvnelovane-

si sakvlevi masalaa qarTvelologebisaTvis.

1937 wels parizis universitetis eTnologiuri insti-

tutis naSromebisa da memuarebis XXVII tomad gamocemuli `la-

zuri zGaprebi~ 1930-1931 wlebSi Cauweria stambulSi arqa-

bul kilokavze mosaubre niaz banisagan. krebuli Sedgeba zGap-

rebis, eTnografiuli xasiaTis teqstebis, leqsisa da enis gasa-

texisagan. teqstebs axlavs zedmiwevniTi da literaturuli

Targmani frangul enaze, aseve SeniSvnebi zmnur formebze. xSi-

rad imowmebs n. mars, romelsac Semdgom (1967 wlis publika-

ciis SesavalSi) didi madlierebiT moixseniebs. sakmaod vrcel

SesavalSi mecnieri ganixilavs mis mier Cawerili teqstebis

enobriv bunebas.

1967 wels gamocemuli `anatoliuri dokumentebi~ Cawe-

rilia 1960-1964 wlebSi stambulSi, Seicavs 56 arqabul

teqsts, romelic 4 ciklSia gaerTianebuli (zGaprebi, anegdo-

tebi, oryuli istoriebi, Tavgadasavlebi). masalas uZGvis Sesa-

vali da vrceli `gramatikuli eskizi~, romelic 45 paragrafi-

sagan Sedgeba. `eskizSi~ zedmiwevniT aris ganxiluli lazuris

fonetika, fonetikuri procesebi, morfologiis sakiTxebi. zo-

gierTi ram j. diumezilis daskvnebidan sakamaToa, magram na-

Sroms uzomod didi mecnieruli Girebuleba aqvs. leqsikonis

arqonis kompensacias axdens zedmiwevniTi franguli Targmani

da leqsikur-gramatikuli komentari. TiToeul teqsts axlavs

ankaris universitetis profesor a. n. boratavis remarkebi,

romelic ganixilavs maT Turqul folklorTan mimarTebaSi.

17

ramdenime teqstis bolos j. diumezili miuTiTebs, rom misi vari-

anti ukve gvxvdeba arn. Ciqobavas lazuri teqstebis korpusebSi.

teqstebi adasturebs, rom lazuri struqtura, miuxeda-

vad misi mravalsaukunovani myidro urTierTobisa Turqul

enasTan, naklebad daemorCila savaraudo enobriv interferen-

cias, Tumca ukve SeiniSneba cvlilebebi fonetikaSi _ megrul-

lazurisTvis arabunebrivi difTongebi, f Tanxmovnis arseboba,

K Tanxmovnis dakargva, aseve moZalebuli Turquli leqsika.

j. diumezilis daintereseba lazuriT am naSromebiT ar

Semoifargleba. aranakleb mniSvnelovania jurnal `bedi qarTli-

sas~ XXIX-XXX-Si (parizi, 1972) gamoqveKnebuli 7 mokle teqsti,

romelic warmodgenilia arTaSnuli, arqabuli da xofuri vari-

antebiT. TiToeul teqsts axlavs komentarebi _ zmnebi segmen-

tirebulia da ganxilulia gramatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT.

aseve sainteresoa `ferdinand de sosiuris rveulebis~

# 41 (jeneva, 1987) gamoqveKnebuli j. diumezilis `lazuri

(xofa) teqstis zmnuri formebis analizi~.

j. diumezilis mier Caweril lazur teqstebSi moviZieT

araerTi sitKva, romelic dGemde gamoqveKnebul arcerT la-

zur leqsikonSi ar gvxvdeba.

am teqstebis Semdgomi mecnieruli kvleva araerT sainte-

reso faqts warmoaCens lazuri fonetikis, morfologiis, leq-

sikis kvlevis saqmeSi.

S a lS a lS a lS a l v a g av a g av a g av a g a b e sb e sb e sb e s k ik ik ik i r i ar i ar i ar i a

`̀̀̀vevevevefxistKaosfxistKaosfxistKaosfxistKaosnisnisnisnis~ ~ ~ ~ sasasasami sitKmi sitKmi sitKmi sitKvis kovis kovis kovis komenmenmenmentatatatariririri

moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia mosazrebebi bolo wlebSi

`vefxistKaosnis~ leqsikisadmi miZGvnil naSromebSi ganxiluli

ramdenime sitKvis agebulebaze, warmomavlobasa da gagebaze.

18

1. meota (1)

samasi kaci gveKofis, wavideT marT meotani _ 1387, 2

saleqsikono formad gatanilia memememeooootatatata. aq ote ote ote otebabababa zmnisgan

prefiqsuli warmoebis mimGeoba memememeooootitititi unda iKos, romelic

Zvel qarTul teqstebSic am saxiTaa dadasturebuli: `nu gan-

valn meoti qalaqisa amisgan~. poemaSi me me me meooootitititi formis povniere-

ba riTmis sayiroebiT aixsneba: cotani, meotani, kotani, motani.

2. rub-i (1)

melnisa tbaTaT iGvrebis savse saTisa rubebi _ 1146, 3

rurururubibibibi aGmosavluri warmomavlobis sitKvadaa miCneuli:

arab. rubb `wveni~, spar. rud `ru, nakadi~, rudebi > ruebi >

rubebi. `vefxistKaosanSi~ ru-s mr. forma unda iKos. qarTuli

sitKva poemaSi ixmareba rogorc mx. (`...ru gaxma cremlTa deni-

sa~, `...ar daswKveddis cremlTa rusa~), aseve mr. r.-is formiT

(sisxlisa ruebi). am varauds mxars umagrebs xelnaweris Cvene-

bac (saTis ruebi). rurururubibibibi forma am SemTxvevaSic riTmis keaTil-

xmovnebis gamoa naxmari: cremlisa gubebi, giSrisa Subebi, saTi-

sa rubebi, margaliti tKubebi. e. i. saTis (marJnis) ruebi meta-

forulad sisxlis cremlebis aGmniSvnelia.

3. dianos-i, divnos

a) am saqmesa memowmebis dianosi brZeni, ezros

sabraloa, odes vardi daeTrTvilos, da-ca-ezros _

177, 1

b) am saqmesa dafarulsa brZeni divnos gaacxadebs _

1491, 1

orive adgilas I s. moGvawe dionise areopagels, pirvel

magaliTSi ki masTan erTad XII s. arab poet ezras varaudoben.

pirvel taepSi sxvadasxva epoqisa da aGmsareblobis moGvawee-

bis erTad moxsenieba naklebad mosalodnelia. ezra iseTi cno-

19

bili poeti ar aris. mniSvnelovania is garemoeba, rom rusTa-

velTan gadmocemuli azri dionise areopagelTan ar iZebneba.

ori moqmedi piria, Semasmeneli ki mx. r.-Si dgas. ufro marTe-

buli Cans is Tvalsazrisi, romlis mixedviTac aq ezra winas-

warmetKvelis astrologiur-meteorologiuri traqtati (`di-

agnosi~) igulisxmeba. am wakiTxvas uyers mxars poemis bibliu-

ri saxelebi da rac ufro mniSvnelovania, taepSi gadmocemuli

Sinaarsi.

e l ie l ie l ie l i s as as as a b e d g ab e d g ab e d g ab e d g a z d ez d ez d ez d e l il il il i aaaa nnnn iiii, , , ,

m em em em e d e a s a Gd e a s a Gd e a s a Gd e a s a G l il il il i aaaa n in in in i

svasvasvasvanunununuri enis laSri enis laSri enis laSri enis laSxur da balxur da balxur da balxur da balsqvesqvesqvesqvemomomomourururur didididiaaaaleqtleqtleqtleqtTaTaTaTa ininininterterterterfefefeferenrenrenrenciciciciis eris eris eris erTi kerTi kerTi kerTi kerZoZoZoZo SeSeSeSemTxvemTxvemTxvemTxvevivivivisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis kokokokododododorisrisrisris ((((resp. dadadadalislislislis)))) xexexexeoooobabababaSiSiSiSi

`kodoris (resp. dalis) xeobis mosaxleobis metKvelebaSi

dasturdeba orgvari interferencia:

a) qarTuli enis (gansakuTrebiT dasavluri dialeqtebis)

leqsikisa da gramatikuli formebisa;

b) svanuri enis balszemour da balsqvemour dialeqtTa

monacemebisa~ (i. CantlaZe).

Cveni azriT, albaT, interess moklebuli ar iqneba, Tu zemo-

svanuri dialeqtis monacemebs daemateba laSxuri kilos masalac.

1. Tavis droze eceridan kodoris xeobaSi Casaxlebul gu-

JeJianTa laSxeli rZlis irma koybianis metKvlebaSi misTvis Cve-

ulebrivi leqsikuri erTeulebis paralelurad Zalian xSirad

ismis balsqvemouri leqsemebic, romlebic sruliad bunebrivad

gamoiKurebian: naGnaGnaGnaG…jur …jur …jur …jur (Sdr. lSx. yKintyKintyKintyKint) `biyi~, diadiadiadia (Sdr.

lSx. dededededededede) `deda~, momomomoidididid (Sdr. lSx. kotŒkotŒkotŒkotŒllll, , , , koykoykoykoyŒlŒlŒlŒl) `cota~.

lehlehlehlehna na na na (Sdr. lSx. lŠnalŠnalŠnalŠna, , , , nŠnanŠnanŠnanŠna)))) `SarSan~, her her her her (Sdr. laSx. ÁÁÁÁerererer)

`xma~, amug amug amug amug (Sdr. lSx. ama…ama…ama…ama…) `aqamde~, aSaSaSaSxudxudxudxud (Sdr. lSx. eSeSeSeSxudxudxudxud)

20

èrTad~, asˆlgˆniasˆlgˆniasˆlgˆniasˆlgˆni (Sdr. lSx. lˆJlˆJlˆJlˆJm‰res asm‰res asm‰res asm‰res asKKKKiiii) `sulguns ake-

Tebs~, ÁÁÁÁeeee (Sdr. lSx. ‰du‰du‰du‰du) `diax~, memememeggggyyyyeeee (Sdr. lSx. ZZZZGGGGˆdˆdˆdˆd) `maga-

ri~, ragragragragdddd (Sdr. lSx. gargargargarglaglaglagla) `laparaki, saubari~, ÁÁÁÁoriorioriori (Sdgr.

lSx. ÁÁÁÁerueruerueru) òri~ da a. S.

2. laSxeli irma koybianis metKvelebaSi umlautiani xmovnis

warmoTqmis erTaderTi SemTxveva davafiqsireT: …………ÁÁÁÁ,,,, dia dia dia dia! `vai, deda~!

3. grZelxmovniani dialeqtis warmomadgeneli sakmaod

xSirad balsqvemour leqsikur erTeulebSic agrZelebs xmov-

nebs, rac, raGa Tqma unda, mSobliuri metKvelebis gavlenis

Sedegia. mag.: liqn‰lliqn‰lliqn‰lliqn‰l (Sdr. lSx. libr‰llibr‰llibr‰llibr‰l) `banaoba~, qqqq’edq‰niedq‰niedq‰niedq‰ni

ìbanavebs~, nanananaGGGG…………jjjjŸŸŸŸralralralral `biyebi~, molŠg…eSmolŠg…eSmolŠg…eSmolŠg…eS `raGac~ da a. S.

4. kodoreli laSxelis metKvelebaSi SeiniSneba saxelTa

mravlobiTi ricxvis mawarmoebeli sufiqsebis aGreva. Cveni

mTqmeli mravlobiT ricxvSi xan laSxuri dialeqtisaTvis dama-

xasiaTebel -ŠlŠlŠlŠl sufiqss iKenebs, xanac balsqvemour -olololol’s. sain-

tereso swored is aris, rom am ukanasknels irma koybiani Zal-

ze xSirad grZlad warmoTqvams, rac, rasakvivrelia, ganpirobe-

bulia laSxuris gavleniT. es viTareba, Cveni azriT, interfe-

renciis movlenad unda CaiTvalos. mag.: ardadageb-ŒlŒlŒlŒl-ji àr-

dadegebze~ (Sdr. lSx. ardadeg-œœœœllll-jiºardadageb-œœœœllll-ji); axal-

gazrd-ŒlŒlŒlŒl àxalgazrdebi~ (Sdr. lSx. axalgazrd-ŠlŠlŠlŠl), moZraob-

ŒlŒlŒlŒl `moZraobebi~ (Sdr. lSx. moZraob-ŠlŠlŠlŠl); anCabaZ-ŒlŒlŒlŒl ànCabaZe-

ebi~ (Sdr. lSx. anCabaZ-ŠlŠlŠlŠl)...

5. kodoris xeobaSi mcxovrebi laSxeli respondentis me-

tKvelebaSi, iSviaTad, magram mainc SeiniSneba balsqvemouri

TurmeobiTis formebis gamoKeneba. mag.: laSxuri C…albˆrC…albˆrC…albˆrC…albˆr----

gŠlixgŠlixgŠlixgŠlix ùyidaviaT~, alm‰zinalm‰zinalm‰zinalm‰zin `midioda Turme, `minavala~, alalalal----

zigŠlizigŠlizigŠlizigŠli `dasaxlebula~ formebis nacvlad igi xmarobs CCCC’olololol----

bˆrgŠlixbˆrgŠlixbˆrgŠlixbˆrgŠlix, olm‰zinolm‰zinolm‰zinolm‰zin, ololololzigŠlizigŠlizigŠlizigŠli formebs. msgavsi situacia ko-

doreli balszemoelebis metKvelebaSi daafiqsira q. margianma-

subarma (ix. misi `TurmeobiTTa warmoeba engurisa da kodoris

xeobaTa mosaxleobis metKvelebaSi~, kavkasiologTa II saerTaSo-

riso simpoziumis masalebi, 2008, gv. 272-275).

6. rogorc cnobilia, rodesac svanurSi msazGvreli win

21

uswrebs sazGvruls, msazGvrelis brunvis morfemuli elemen-

ti -SSSS ikveceba Kvela dialeqtSi, garda balsqvemourisa. irma

koybianis metKvelebaSi Tavs iCens rogorc balsqvemourisebu-

ri, aseve laSxuri dialeqtisTvis damaxasiaTebeli viTareba.

mag.: ququququCuCuCuCukiS gekiS gekiS gekiS gezalzalzalzal `quCukis Svili~, dadadadaliS t…ibliS t…ibliS t…ibliS t…ibrararara `dalis

tba~, minminminmindodododoriS kar…alriS kar…alriS kar…alriS kar…al `mindvris karvebi~, mitk‰liS fermitk‰liS fermitk‰liS fermitk‰liS fer `mi-

tklis feri~, rusrusrusrusTaTaTaTaveveveveliS liS liS liS mxamxamxamxarererere `rusTavelis mxare~, magram:

memememegmigmigmigmi JJJJ…ar…ar…ar…ar `xis Jvari~ rusrusrusrusTa…eli mxaTa…eli mxaTa…eli mxaTa…eli mxarerererexenxenxenxen `rusTavelis mxri-

dan~, mimimimililililici‰ damci‰ damci‰ damci‰ damsasasasaxuxuxuxurerererebabababa `miliciis damsaxureba~, ininininstistististitutututu----

ti Kti Kti Kti Kooooralralralralxenxenxenxen ìnstitutis karebidan~, kokokokomenmenmenmendadadadati s‰Tti s‰Tti s‰Tti s‰T `komen-

dantis saaTi~ da a. S.

g v a ng v a ng v a ng v a n c a g v a nc a g v a nc a g v a nc a g v a n c ec ec ec e l al al al a Z eZ eZ eZ e episepisepisepiskokokokopopopoposi gasi gasi gasi gabribribribriel qiel qiel qiel qiqoqoqoqoZe enobZe enobZe enobZe enobririririvivivivi popopopolilililititititikis zokis zokis zokis zogigigigi sasasasakikikikiTxis SeTxis SeTxis SeTxis Sesasasasaxebxebxebxeb

wminda mGvdelTmTavari gabrieli (qiqoZe) mravalmxrivi

moGvawe iKo. mis saqmianobaSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania is

periodi, roca wm. gabrieli imereTis eparqiis mwKemsmTavrobas

uTavsebda Jer afxazeTis eparqiis droebiT mmarTvelobas,

(1869 wlis ivnisidan 1896 wlis 30 maisamde), Semdgom ki am

eparqiis mmarTvelobas (1869 wlis 30 maisidan 1887 wlis 15

Tebervlamde).

afxazeT-samurzaKanoSi moGvaweobis dros wm. gabrieli

sagangebo KuradGebas uTmobda GvTismsaxurebisa da sasuliero

ganaTlebis enis sakiTxebs. am regionSi misi daniSvnis droisa-

Tvis gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareobaSi iKo afxazuri mosax-

leoba, romlis erTi nawili 1866 wlis antirusuli aJanKebis

marcxis Semdeg ruseTis xelisuflebam gaaZeva TurqeTSi, xolo

regionSi darCenilTa umravlesoba an mahmadianad acxadebda

Tavs, an tradiciul poliTeistur rwmenas misdevda, ris gamoc

22

rCeboda saSiSroeba, rom saTanado sababis gamoCenisTanave ma-

Tac aKridnen afxazeTidan da TurqeTSi garekavdnen, xolo da-

carielebul miwebze ucxotomel kolonistebs (rusebs, ukrai-

nelebs, somxebs, berZnebs...) Camoasaxlebdnen. episkoposi grZnob-

da, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi afxazeTis qarTuli mosaxleoba garu-

sebis didi safrTxis winaSe aGmoCndeboda, xolo es ZirZveli

qarTuli regioni sabolood daekargebioda saqarTvelos. ami-

tom wm. gabrielma daiwKo aqtiuri misioneruli moGvaweoba

afxazur mosaxleobaSi. misi episkoposobis 19-wlian periodSi

man da misma Tanamoazre qarTvelma sasuliero pirebma 18 aTasi

afxazi moaqcies qristes rJulze, riTac isini gadaarCines

1877-1878 wlebis muhaJirobasa da gaTurqebas. amrigad, episko-

pos gabriels sagangebo damsaxureba miuZGvis afxazi xalxis

fizikuri da sulieri gadarCenis saqmeSi (J. gamaxaria).

wm. gabrielma afxazeT-samurzaKanoSi moGvaweobis dros

SeimuSava swori taqtika, ramac xeli SeuwKo regionis qarTu-

li da afxazuri mosaxleobis enobrivi da eTnikuri identobis

gadarCenas. man, erTi mxriv, moxerxebulad gamoiKena imperiis

miswrafeba strategiulad mniSvnelovan regionSi qrstianobis

aGsadgenad, meore mxriv ki, aqtiurad iGvwoda qarTuli da

afxazuri enebis gadasarCenad, Tumca afxazuri enis funqcioni-

rebis sferoebis gazrda metad Zneli iKo am enaze sadamwerlo-

bo kulturis ararsebobis gamo.

imperiis xelisufleba da sasuliero xelmZGvaneloba geg-

mavda regionSi qristianuli GvTismsaxurebisa da sasuliero

ganaTlebis damkvidrebas rusul enaze, magram wm. gabrielma Ca-

Sala es gegma, risTvisac gamoiKena is faqtorebi, rom afxazeT-

samurzaKanoSi im dros praqtikulad ar iKvnen rusuli enis

mcodne sasuliero pirebi, xolo rusi samGvdeloeba ver egue-

boda regionis klimats, Tan maT arc mrevlis ena da tradicie-

bi icodnen kargad. amitom igi afxazur samrevloebSi Tamamad

niSnavda afxazuri enisa da tradiciebis kargad mcodne sasu-

liero pirebs (ZiriTadad qarTvelebs), ramac male gamoiGo ke-

Tili naKofi. aqve aGsaniSnavia isic, rom GvTismsaxurebisa da

23

sasuliero ganaTlebis qarTul enaze SemoGebas aqtiurad

uyerda mxars afxazuri arsitokratia da mosaxleoba.

wm. gabrielis damsaxurebaa isic, rom misi uSualo xel-

mZGvanelobiT afxazeT-samurzaKanoSi 1868-1886 wlebSi aSenda

an aGdga 51 qristianuli eklesia (J. gamaxaria), romelTa um-

ravlesobaSi wirva-locva qarTul enaze aGesruleboda, xolo

afxazur samrevloebSi qadageba afxazur enazec mimdinareobda.

umniSvnelo arc isaa, rom episkoposi xSirad Tavisi xarJiT as-

wavlida afxaz moswavleebs.

episkoposi Tavis CanawerebSi KuradGebas apKrobs im sxvao-

bas, rac SeiniSneboda marTlmadidebluri qristianobis mimarT

carizmis damokidebulebaSi, erTi mxriv, afxazeT-samurzaKanoSi

da, meore mxriv, mesxeT-JavaxeTSi. misi dakvirvebiT, afxazeT-sa-

murzaKanoSi marTlmadideblobis aGdgena-ganmtkicebiT imperiis

xelisufleba ufro metad iKo dainteresebuli, xolo mexeT-Ja-

vaxeTSi administraciaSi iniSnebodnen aramarTlmadidebeli pi-

rebi (mag., kaTolike polonolebi), romlebic ar iKvnen dainte-

resebulni regionSi qarTvel marTlmadidebelTa raodenobis

zrdiT da mahmadian qarTvelTa gaqristianebiT, maT dasaKrdenad

mxolod grigoriani somxebi da kaTolikeebi miaCndaT da arana-

ir KuradGebas ar aqcevdnen im garemoebas, rom maT Tvalwin

xdeboda mahmadian qarTvelTa gaTurqeba (maT Soris islamis ga-

Zliereba da Turquli enis masobrivi gavrceleba meCeTebisa da

medreseebis gamoKenebiT). wm. gabriels miaCnda, rom mesxeT-Java-

xeTSi xelmZGvanel Tanamdebobaze marTlmadideblebi unda da-

niSnuliKvnen da maT unda exelmZGvanelaT regionis qarTul mo-

saxleobaSi marTlmadidebluri qristianobis aGdgenisaTvis ek-

lesiisa da samrevlo skolebis gamoKenebiT, magram carizms sxva

gegmebi hqonda da qarTveli mwKemsmTavris xma darCa xmad mGaGa-

debilsa udabnosa Sina.

24

T eT eT eT e iiii m um um um u r a z g v a nr a z g v a nr a z g v a nr a z g v a n c ec ec ec e l al al al a Z eZ eZ eZ e

wiwiwiwinanananare afxare afxare afxare afxazurzurzurzur----adiGadiGadiGadiGuri eniuri eniuri eniuri enissss didididiververververgengengengenciciciciisisisis drodrodrodroiiiisa da adsa da adsa da adsa da adgigigigilislislislis sasasasakikikikiTxiTxiTxiTxisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

1. winare iberiul-kavkasiuri enisagan winare afxazur-

adiGuri enis warmoqmnis drod Zveli welTaGricxvis II-I aTas-

wleulebis miJnis axlo xanebi unda miviCnioT (arn. Ciqobava),

xolo winare afxazur-adiGuri enis daSla afxazur-abazur,

adiGur (Cerqezul) da ubixur enebad savaraudo Cans welTaG-

ricxvaTa miJnisaTvis, rasac unda adasturebdes dasaxelebuli

sami enis metad didi siaxlove uklebliv Kvela enobriv doneze

(igulisxmeba fonologiuri sistemis, fonetikur procesTa, mo-

rfologiis, sintaqsisa da leqsikis erTgvarovnebis maGali xa-

risxi). am daskvnas unda amKarebdes is faqtic, rom axali wel-

TaGricxvis dasawKisamde arcerT werilobiT wKaroSi ar ixse-

niebian arc afxaz-abazebi, arc adiGebi da arc ubixebi (am kon-

teqstSi calke msJelobis sagania ax. w. I-II saukuneebis laTi-

nur-berZnul wKaroebSi naxsenebi afsilebisa da abasg-abask-aba-

sxebis eTnikuri vinaobis sakiTxi, rac sagangebo detalur

kvlevas moiTxovs, Tumca imis Tqma axlave SeiZleba, rom am uka-

nasknelTa gansaxlebis teritoriaze gvian Sua saukuneebamde,

kerZod, XVI saukunemde ar dasturdeba arcerTi iseTi geogra-

fiuli Tu satomo saxeli, romelic uKoKmanod aixsneboda

afxazur-abazur enobriv niadagze).

2. Jer winare afxazur-adiGuri ena da masze molaparake

eTnosi, Semdgom ki afxazur-abazuri, adiGuri da ubixuri ene-

bi da Sesabamisi sami eTnosi, Cveni azriT, ganlagebuli unda

KofiliKo ara samxreT kavkasiaSi, rogorc es aqamde miiCneva

dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebuli zogi geografiuli saxelis

naklebdasabuTebuli mimoxilvebis safuZvelze, aramed Crdilo-

dasavleT kavkasiis teritoriaze, mdinare Kubanisa da misi Se-

nakadebis napirebze. amis Sesaxeb pirdapir cnobebs gvawvdis

leonti mroveli, romelic afxazur-adiGur eTnosTa eTnarq-

25

eponim kavkasosis samkvidrod asaxelebs mdinare Tergis marcxe-

na napiridan mdinare Kubanis SesarTavamde gadayimul miwa-

wKals, romelsac aGmosavleTiT emiJneboda naxur-daGestnur

eTnosTa winapar lekosis, samxreTidan ki qarTvelTa erT-erT

eTnarq-eponim egrosis wilxvedri miwa-wKali.

g ig ig ig i o ro ro ro r g i g og i g og i g og i g o g og og og o l a Sl a Sl a Sl a S v iv iv iv i l il il il i

SeSeSeSeniSniSniSniSvnevnevnevnebi qarbi qarbi qarbi qarTuTuTuTuli enis li enis li enis li enis didididiaaaaleqtleqtleqtleqtTa Ta Ta Ta dadadadaJJJJgugugugufefefefebis axal vabis axal vabis axal vabis axal variriririantantantantzezezeze

2008 wlis noemberSi ayaraSi Catarebul saerTaSoriso

konferenciis masalebSi gamoqveKnda tttt. . . . futfutfutfutkakakakararararaZisZisZisZis naSromi

`qarTuli samwignobro kultura (swavlebis principebisaTvis)~.

naSromSi warmodgenilia qarTvelur dialeqtTa daJgufebis

sqema, romelsac aseTi komentari axlavs: `̀̀̀qarqarqarqarTveTveTveTvelulululuri enobri enobri enobri enob----ririririvi savi savi savi samKmKmKmKaaaaros swavros swavros swavros swavlelelelebibibibisas es sqesas es sqesas es sqesas es sqema unma unma unma unda iqda iqda iqda iqnas gamonas gamonas gamonas gamoKKKKeeeenenenenebubububulililili~~~~ (saerTaSoriso samecniero konferencia `tbeloba~, 2008 wlis

noemberi, masalebi. gamomcemeli: saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wm.

tbel abuseriZis universiteti da sxalTis eparqia).

cxadia, mkiTxvels daainteresebs, ra sqema aris iseTi,

rom mis swavlebas ase kategoriulad moiTxovs avtori da,

igulisxmeba, adre arsebul Kvela sxva sqemas (avtorebi: a. Sa-

niZe, arn. Ciqoabva, v. Tofuria, S. ZiZiguri, b. JorbenaZe...)

krZalavs! aseT kategoriul moTxovnas _ aswavleT mxolod Ce-

mi naazrevio _ piradad me qarTul filologiaSi ar vicnob...

ai, es sqemac _ qarTveluri kiloebis daJgufebis

t. futkaraZiseuli varianti:

`I. cencencencentratratratralulululuri kiri kiri kiri kilolololoeeeebibibibi:::: kaxuri, qarTluri, imeruli,

leCxumuri, guruli. II. ganaganaganaganapipipipira kira kira kira kilolololoeeeebibibibi:::: mesxuri kiloebi:

ayaruli, livanuri, mayaxluri, imerxeuli, taouri, samcxuri,

Javaxuri; heruli kiloebi: kakuri, aliabaduri; fxofxofxofxouuuuri kiri kiri kiri kilolololo----

26

eeeebibibibi:::: CaGma-TuSuri, fSauri, xevsuruli, moxeuri, mTiulur-gu-

damaKruli; aqve, asocirebul dialeqtad SeiZleba ganvixiloT

wova-TuSuric, romelic Seicavs rogorc vainaxebis, aseve, qar-

Tulis msgavs fenebs. rayuli kiloebi: barisrayuli, mTarayu-

li; svasvasvasvanunununuri kiri kiri kiri kilolololoeeeebibibibi:::: laSxuri, lentexuri, Coluruli, bal-

sqvemouri, balszemouri; pirobiTad calke SeiZleba gamoiKos

dalis xeobis svanuri metKveleba. zazazazanunununuri kiri kiri kiri kilolololoeeeebibibibi:::: megruli

(aGmosavluri anu senakur-martviluri kilokavi da dasavluri

anu zugdidur-samurzaKanuli kilokavi); lalalalazuzuzuzuriririri (xofuri, vi-

wur-arqabuli, aTinuri kilokavebi). III. sasasasaqarqarqarqarTveTveTveTvelos islos islos islos istotototoririririuuuu----

li teli teli teli teriririritotototoririririis gais gais gais gareT arreT arreT arreT arsesesesebubububuli qarli qarli qarli qarTvelTvelTvelTvelTa kiTa kiTa kiTa kilolololoeeeebibibibi:::: fere-

idnuli, `Cveneburebis qarTuli~ da Kizlar-mozdokur-plas-

tunkuri qarTuli~ (dasaxelebuli krebuli, gv. 372) (xazgasma

avtorisaa).

es aris is sqema, romlis aGiarebas brZanebis toniT moi-

Txovs Cvengan t. futkaraZe. es sqema axali ar aris. avtorma

igi Tavis araerT naSromSi warmoadgina; es sqema Seitanes qu-

Taisis universitetis mier gamocemul saxelmZGvaneloebSi (m.

qacarava, i. fxakaZe, qarqarqarqarTuTuTuTuli enis praqli enis praqli enis praqli enis praqtitititikukukukuli kurli kurli kurli kursisisisi, quTai-

si, 2002. am wignis programa-prospeqti Sedgenilia t. futkara-

Zis mier; avtorTa koleqtivi, qarqarqarqarTuTuTuTuli enis isli enis isli enis isli enis istotototoriariariaria, quTaisi,

2006). miuxedavad avtoris mier sakuTari naazrevis aseTi ara-

erTgzis dajinebuli afiSirebisa, rogorc Cans, mainc ver daam-

kvidra da amitomac aris aseTi kategoriuli moTxovna: auci-

leblad Cemi sqemiT aswavleT dialeqtologiao...

Sevecdebi, gagiziaroT zogi mosazreba am sqemis Sesaxeb.

* * *

t. futkaraZe wers, `warmodgenili kalsifikacia ufro

argumentirebuliao~ (gv. 372); igulisxmeba arsebul Tvalsaz-

risebTan SedarebiTo (am TvalsazrisTa avtorebi zemoT davasa-

xeleT). dainterTsebul mkiTxvels mokrZalebiT mivuTiTebT

erT naSroms, romelSic saubaria imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogoria da

ras efuZneba a. SaniZis, arn. Ciqobavas, v. Tofurias Tu b. Jor-

27

benaZis klasifikaciebi (g. gogolaSivli, qarTuli enis dialeq-

turi danawevrebisa da dialeqtTa gandasebis sakiTxisaTvis,

qess, IX, 2005). me ar vicnob arcerT naSroms, sadac t. futka-

raZe msJelobdes imis Taobaze, ratom aris araargumentirebu-

li zemoCamoTvlil avtorTa Tvalsazrisebi da ra argumente-

biT amtkicebs Tavisi sqemis upiratesobas. mxolod gangangangancxacxacxacxadedededebis bis bis bis

gagagagakekekekeTeTeTeTebabababa _ CeCeCeCemi azmi azmi azmi azri ri ri ri `̀̀̀ufufufufro arro arro arro argugugugumenmenmenmentitititirerererebubububulilililiaoaoaoao~~~~ da mxoda mxoda mxoda mxo----

lod is aslod is aslod is aslod is aswavwavwavwavleleleleToToToTo _ arc mecnierulia da arc seriozuli!..

* * *

t. futkaraZem mxolod erT SemTxvevaSi scada daemtkici-

nebina, rom ingilouri (heruli _ t. f-is terminiT) or dia-

leqtad unda daiSaloso _ kakurad da aliabadurad (asecaa

sqemaze). manamde kakuri da aliabaduri ingilouri kilos ki-

lokavebad miiCneoda.

ai, ra `argumentebiT~ cdilobs amis damtkicebas avtori:

misi kategoriuli msJelobiT, `aseT SemTxvevaSi erTdaerT kri-

teriumad unda aviGoT fonematur-gramatikuli da leqsikuri

sxvaobani~ (`mesxur da herul dialeqtTa adgilisaTvis~; kre-

buli JavaxeTi, 2002, gv. 287). da man sadiferenciacio niSnad

aiGo Svidi enobrivi faqti (xmovanTa regresuli asimilacia,

sitKvis bolos …i → procesi, saxelobiTis niSnis alomor-

febi da a. S.). anu man aiGo Kvela is niSani, riTac kakuri da

aliabaduri sxvaobs erTimeorisagan da daaskvna, rom es ori

enobrivi erTeuli kilokavi ki araa, dialeqtia! imave niSnebis

mixedviT mesxuri da Javaxuri ar xsvaobs da amitom erTi dia-

leqtia mesxur-Javaxuri! mas rom aeGo sadiferenciaciod iseTi

enobrivi faqtebi, romlebic sxvaobs mesxursa da JavaxurSi, da-

skvna sapirispiro iqneboda (mesxuri da Javaxuri sxvadasxva di-

aleqti gamovidoda, kakuri da aliabaduri _ erTi)! ramdenad

gamarTlebulia meTodologiurad aseTi kvleva? nebismier or

kilokavs Soris KovelTvis daiZebneba 7 (da metic) gansxvaveba

(an es ricxvi saidan moitana)... da nebismieri ori kilokavi Se-

iZleba gamovacxadoT dialeqtad da piriqiT. iqneb isic daeT-

28

vala (!), ramdeni sxvaobaa svanursa da qarTuls Soris da mere

gaekeTebina daskvna, svanuri enaa Tu dialeqti. tratratratradidididiciciciciul ul ul ul klaklaklaklasisisisififififikakakakaciciciciaaaaSi koSi koSi koSi koreqreqreqreqtitititivis Sevis Sevis Sevis Setatatatana amna amna amna amgvagvagvagvari ri ri ri `̀̀̀opeopeopeoperarararacicicicieeeebiTbiTbiTbiT~ ~ ~ ~ ar ar ar ar SeSeSeSeiZiZiZiZleleleleba Caba Caba Caba CaiTiTiTiTvavavavalos melos melos melos mecnicnicnicnieeeerurururulad lad lad lad ((((da seda seda seda seririririoooozuzuzuzuladladladlad)))).

* * *

qarTul enaTmecnierebaSi araerTgzis aGuniSnavT, rom

socialuri funqcia megrulis, svanuris, imerulis, xevsuruli-

sa da a. S. erTgvaria _ isini `SinaurobaSi saxmari~ (iakobis

terminia) kiloebia. sociolingvisturi TvalsazrisiT qarTul

enobriv sivrceSi arsebobs erTi saliteraturo ena _ saerTo

Kvela qarTveluri eTno- grafiuli JgufisaTvis _ da araerTi

kilo. lingvisturi aspeqtiT sxvagvari viTarebaa. t. futkaraZe

saubrobs `qarTveluri enobrivi erTeulebis genialogiur sqe-

maze~ (gv. 372); cxadia, es gulisxmobs kvlvis lingvistur as-

peqts. am TvalsazrisiT svanuri, megrul-yanuri, xevsuruli da

bacburi (wova-TuSuri) rom ar aris erTi donis enobrivi er-

Teulebi (ufro swored erTi enis dialeqtebi), sadavo mxo-

lod t. futkaraZisTvis (da misi ramdenime mxardamyerisaTvis,

ZiriTadad araprofesionalebisaTvis _ aralingvistebisaTvis)

aris. am Seam Seam Seam SemTxvemTxvemTxvemTxvevavavavaSi aSi aSi aSi aGGGGrererereuuuulia kvlelia kvlelia kvlelia kvlevivivivissss lin lin lin lingvisgvisgvisgvistutututuri da sori da sori da sori da so----

cicicicioooolinlinlinlingvisgvisgvisgvistutututuri apri apri apri apseqseqseqseqtetetetebibibibi. sakiTxis ase araprofesionalurad

(araenaTmecnierulad) dasma uaris Tqmaa, faqtobriv, qarTuli

enaTmecnierebis did monapovarze (mxedvelobaSi maqvs i. KifSi-

Zis, a. SaniZis, arn. Ciqobava, v. Tofurias, g. rogavas, g. mayava-

rianisa da uamravi sxva mkvlevaris fasdaudebeli memkvidreoba).

araprofesional (diletant) mkiTxvelzea gaTvlili

t. futkaraZis erTi amoCemebuli (ramdenime naSromSi rom ime-

orebs) magaliTic. imisaTvis, rom megruli, imeruli da ayaru-

li erTi donis enobriv erTeulebad warmoaCinos (erTi enis

dialeqtebad), aseT magaliTs moiKvans: saliteraturo qarTu-

lis zmnuri formis dadadadauuuuZaZaZaZaxaxaxaxa dialeqturi variantebia `douZaxa

(imeruli), douZaxa/duuZaxa (ayaruli), douZax/duZax (megruli~

(gv. 374). am magaliTiT t. futkaraZe iseT STabeydilebas

29

qmnis, TiTqos megruli ise gansxvavdeba saliteraturo qarTu-

lisagan, rogorc imeruli an ayaruli. iseTi zmnaa SerCeuli

da iseTi formiT, rom amgvari iluzia SeiZleba Seiqmnas... am-

gvarad SerCeuli magaliTiT SeiZleba nebismieri ori enobrivi

erTeulis igiveobaze visaubroT. es dies dies dies didi sidi sidi sidi siKKKKalalalalbea da sicbea da sicbea da sicbea da sic----

ruerueruerue; ; ; ; amas meamas meamas meamas mecnicnicnicnieeeererererebasbasbasbasTan saTan saTan saTan saererererToToToTo ara ara ara araffffeeeeri aqvsri aqvsri aqvsri aqvs. aqve t. futka-

raZe imasac ambobs, rom dadadadauuuuZaZaZaZaxaxaxaxa////dodododouuuuZaZaZaZaxaxaxaxa da kakakakacicicici////kokokokoCiCiCiCi erTi da

imave rigis enobrivi faqtebia. komentari zedmetia...

* * *

ras niSnavs lingvistis msJeloba imis Taobaze, rom bac-

buri ena (wova-TuSuri) qarTuli enis dialeqtad unda ganvi-

xiloTo: `aqve asocirebul (!) dialeqtad SeiZleba ganvixiloT

wova-TuSuric~ (gv. 372). t. futkaraZis am `aGmoCenamde~ ase

vicodiT: bacburi aris naxuri Jgufis (CaCnurTan da inguSur-

Tan erTad) ena. seriozuli samecniero sazogadoeba (msoflio

masStabiT) dGesac ase Tvlis.

* * *

araviTari mecnieruli argumentacia ar aqvs `Cvenebure-

bis qarTulis~ damoukidebel qarTul dialeqtad gamocxade-

bas. `Cveneburebis qarTuli~ (terminad gamoKenebulia S. fut-

karaZis wignis saxelwodeba) dialeqtis saxelad ucnauria, qar-

Tvel muhaJirTa metKvelebaa. m. faGava sagangebod ikvlevda sa-

mxrul dialeqtebs (sadoqtoro disertacia daicva am Temaze)

da muhaJirTa STamomavlebis metKvelebas narev metKvelebad

Tvlis da mas samxruli metKvelebis Sesaswavlad damatebiT masa-

lad miiCnevs. msJeloba damaJerebeli Cans. arcerT Tavis naSrom-

Si t. futkaraZe ar cdilobs daasabuTos, ratomaa dialeqti

`Cveneburebis qarTuli~?.. is mxolod gancxadebas akeTebs...

sadavoa livanuri, mayaxluri, imerxeuli, taouri dia-

leqtebis sakiTxic (Sdr.: m. faGavas Tvalsazrisi). miuxedavad

imisa, rom am SemTxvevaSi t. futkaraZe sxvas emKareba (S. fut-

karaZes), argumenti mainc sayiro iKo, ratom miiCnevs ase...

30

* * *

rayul metKvelebas erT dialeqtad ganixilavdnen (a. Sa-

niZe, arn. Ciqobava, b. JorbenaZe). t. futkaraZe rarararayyyyul kiul kiul kiul kilolololoebebebeb----

zezezeze saubrobs _ barisrayuli, mTarayuli. argumentacia, ro-

gorc wesi, arc amas axlavs... aq terminologiis sakiTxic dgas:

arsebobs teritoriuli cnebebi _ mTaraya, zemo raya, qvemo

raya. ratom Semoaqvs t. futkaraZes termini barisrayuli? ze-

mo raya (Tundac qvemoraya) baria?.. originalurobisaken

swrafvam mecnieruli yeSmariteba ar unda Seiwiros...

* * *

erT-erT dialeqtologiur naSromSi a. SaniZe SeniSanvda:

`aq CamoTlvilia is kiloebi, romelTa Sesaxebac sando masale-

bi maqvso...~ sxvagan werda: `damatebiT cnobaTa uqonlobis

gamo ar SemiZlia gadayriT vTqva, Tu romel Jgufs miekuTvneba

am SemTxvevaSi mTiulur-gudamaKruli da moxeuri...~ amas ambob-

da mecnieri, visac, rogorc itKvian, sizmaric ki daeJereboda,

magram Kvelaze ukeT man icoda, rom mecnieruli daskvnis gasa-

keTeblad argumentebia sayiro... amgvari gakveTilebi t. futka-

raZisaTvis ar arsebobs. mas SeuZlia gancxadeba gaakeTos da

kokokokododododoris xeris xeris xeris xeoooobis mebis mebis mebis metKtKtKtKvevevevelelelelebabababa svanuris meeqvse dialeqtad gamo-

acxados!.. arc Colurulis damoukidebel dialeqtad miCnevaa

misTvis sadavo... argumentacia sayiro araao...

* * *

dialeqtTa daJgufebis sqemis wina publikaciebSi

t. futkaraZe KKKKizizizizlarlarlarlar----momomomozdozdozdozdokurkurkurkur dialeqts warmoadgenda. am

bolo variantSi `daazusta~ _ KKKKizizizizlarlarlarlar----momomomozdozdozdozdokurkurkurkur----plasplasplasplastuntuntuntunkukukuku----

riririri dialeqti SemogvTavaza. Jer kidev naxevari saukunis winaT

werda i. gigineiSvili: `Kizlar-mozdokuri qarTuli calke di-

aleqtur erTeuls ar warmoadgens... axalgazrdebs ukve davi-

wKebuli aqvTo...~ dGes es qarTuli metKveleba aGarc arse-

bobs... TiTqmis msgavsi viTarebaa plastunkaSic. v. Tofurias

azriT, `aq axali dialeqturi erTeuli ar warmoqmnila~. amja-

31

mad qarTuli metKvelebis SenarCunebis problemacaa plastun-

kaSi...

da kidev erTi arsebiTi momenti: plastunkuri metKvele-

ba _ esaa imerelTa, rayvelTa da leCxumelTa narevi metKvele-

ba, sadac wamKvani roli leCxumurs ekuTvnis. ufro sworad,

esaa dasavleTqarTuli narevi metKveleba... Kizlar-mozdokis

qarTuli ki iKo ZiriTadad aGmosavleT saqarTvelos dialeqt-

Ta narevi metKveleba (moxeuris, mTiulur-gudamaKrulis, kaxu-

ris...). Kovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT Kizlar-mozdokur-plas-

tunkuris dGevandel qarTul dialeqtad gamocxadeba Kovel-

gvar molodins ayarbebs...

* * *

ucnaur originalobad unda CaiTvalos dialeqtTa amgva-

ri daJgufeba: a) cencencencentratratratralulululuri kiri kiri kiri kilolololoeeeebibibibi; b) ganaganaganaganapipipipira kira kira kira kilolololoeeeebibibibi

da g) sasasasaqarqarqarqarTveTveTveTvelos islos islos islos istotototoririririuuuuli teli teli teli teriririritotototoririririis gais gais gais gareT arreT arreT arreT arsesesesebubububuli li li li

qarqarqarqarTvelTvelTvelTvelTa kiTa kiTa kiTa kilolololoeeeebibibibi.

arsad t. futkaraZe ar saubrobs imis Taobaze, Tu ra

aris dialeqtTa amgvari daJgufebis safuZveli. erTi SexedviT,

es principi martivia: ase vTqvaT, `rukis principi~ _ saqarTve-

los rukaze sazGvris gaswvriv (e. i. `ganapira teritoriaze~)

warmodgenili `dialeqtebi~ erT Jgufad moiazra avtorma, xo-

lo rukis centrSi (centralur teritoriaze!) ganlagebuli

dialeqtebi _ calke Jgufad. araaraaraaraviviviviTaTaTaTari linri linri linri lingvisgvisgvisgvistutututuri sari sari sari safuZfuZfuZfuZ----

veveveveli amli amli amli amggggvar davar davar davar daJguJguJguJgufefefefebas ar gabas ar gabas ar gabas ar gaaCaCaCaCnianianiania. Sesabamisad, lingvisturi

TvalsazrisiT ucnauric ki aris svanuris, megrulis, bacburis,

xevsurulis, ingilourisa da ayarulis erT JgufSi gaerTiane-

ba; meore mxriv, gurulisa da ayarulis sxvadasxva JgufSi mo-

xvedra!..

tradiciuli daJgufebis revizia am SemTxvevaSi warumate-

bel cdad gvesaxeba! ai, ratom: tradiciulad ori ZiriTadi

Jgufi gamoiKofa: aGmosavluri dialeqtebi da dasavluri dia-

leqtebi; aGmosavlurSi or qveJgufs gamoKofen _ mTis kiloe-

bi da baris kiloebi. xazgasmiT unda aGiniSnos, rom tradici-

32

uli daJgufeba ar aris mxolod geografiul principebze da-

fuZnebuli: `aGmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos dialeqte-

bad gandaseba, rasakvirvelia, geografiul princips eKrdnoba,

magram amas imavdroulad mxars uyers enobrivi niSan-Tviseba-

nic. TiToeul am JgufSi Semavali dialeqtebi fonetikuri,

gramatikuli da leqsikuri TvalsazrisiT met-naklebad saerTo

tendenciiT xasiadTebian~ (b. JorbenaZe). igive iTqmis aGmosav-

leT saqarTvelos mTisa da baris dialeqtTa qveJgufebis gamo-

Kofazec: `aGmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis dialeqtebi ori Ziri-

Tadi niSan-TvisebiT gamoiCrevian sxva dialeqtebisagan: Jer er-

Ti, maT met-naklebad daculi aqvT qarTuli enis is viTareba,

romelic SedarebiT adreul formaciebs ganekuTvneba... dacu-

lia arqauli leqsika... Tavs iCens mTis iberiul-kavkasiuri

(kerZod, naxuri) enebis zemoqmedebis kvali~ (b. JorbenaZe).

dainteresebul pirs am Temaze SeuZlia gaecnos araerT

samecniero naSroms (i. KifSiZisa, S. ZiZiguris, b. foCxuasi da

sxva). konkretuli magaliTebis moKvana amJerad ar migvaCnia sa-

yirod. faqtia: tratratratradidididiciciciciul daul daul daul daJguJguJguJgufefefefebas qarbas qarbas qarbas qarTuTuTuTulllli dii dii dii diaaaaleqleqleqleqtetetete----bibibibisas aqvs ara mxsas aqvs ara mxsas aqvs ara mxsas aqvs ara mxoooolod eTlod eTlod eTlod eTnognognognograrararafifififiulululul----teteteteriririritotototoririririuuuulililili, , , , araaraaraaramed med med med mKmKmKmKaaaari linri linri linri lingvisgvisgvisgvistutututuri sari sari sari safuZfuZfuZfuZvevevevelililili. t. futkaraZis SemoTavazebu-

li daJgufeba momomomokleklekleklebubububulia Klia Klia Klia Koooovelvelvelvelgvar megvar megvar megvar mecnicnicnicnieeeerul sarul sarul sarul safuZfuZfuZfuZvelsvelsvelsvels. . . . esaa niesaa niesaa niesaa nimumumumuSi imiSi imiSi imiSi imisasasasa, , , , Tu roTu roTu roTu rogogogogori ar unri ar unri ar unri ar unda iKda iKda iKda iKos eros eros eros erTeTeTeTeululululTa klaTa klaTa klaTa kla----sisisisififififikakakakaciaciaciacia...

* * *

dabolos: t. futkaraZis gancxadeba, rom `warmodgenili

klasifikacia ufro argumentirebuliao~, Kovelgvar safuZvels

aris moklebuli.

qarTuli enobrivi samKaros swavlebisas am sqemis gamoKe-

neba migvaCnia mizanSeuwonlad Tavisi aramecnieruli da zedme-

tad ambiciuri xasiaTis gamo.

33

T aT aT aT a m a r v am a r v am a r v am a r v a S aS aS aS a k ik ik ik i Z eZ eZ eZ e rerererelalalalatitititiururururzmnizmnizmnizmniaaaanininini Se Se Se SesitKsitKsitKsitKvevevevebisbisbisbis sin sin sin sintaqtaqtaqtaqsusususuriririri memememeqaqaqaqaniznizniznizmimimimisasasasaTvis TaTvis TaTvis TaTvis Tananananamedmedmedmedrorororove qarve qarve qarve qarTulTulTulTulSiSiSiSi (orsaxeliani zmnebis mixedviT)

Tanamedrove qarTulSi gamoiKofa relatiurzmniani (or-

saxeliani) SesitKvebis sami ZiriTadi tipi: a) gardamavalzmnia-

ni (xaxaxaxatavs bavtavs bavtavs bavtavs bavSvi deSvi deSvi deSvi dedasdasdasdas...), b) medioaqtivzmniani (patpatpatpatrorororonobs nobs nobs nobs

mamamamama Svilsma Svilsma Svilsma Svils...) da g) gardauvalzmniani (efeefeefeeferererereba deba deba deba deda Svilsda Svilsda Svilsda Svils...).

Sesabamisad, gansxvavebulia SesitKvebis Semadgenel komponentTa

sintaqsuri statusic. erT SemTxvevaSi (xaxaxaxatavs bavtavs bavtavs bavtavs bavSvi deSvi deSvi deSvi dedasdasdasdas)

SesitKveba agebulia koordinaciis safuZvelze: zmna marTavs

morfologiur subieqtsa da morfologiur obieqts brunvaSi

(dro-kiloTa Jgufebis mixedviT), amave dros Tavad (zmna) imar-

Tvis saxelebisagan piris mixedviT da eTanxmeba maT ricxvSi

(saxelTa piri Tu ricxvi xan realurad aisaxeba zmnaSi, xan po-

tenciurad). zmnaca da saxelebic (MS da MO) mmarTvel-mar-

Tulni arian. maSasadame, zmna ZiriTadi koordinatia, xolo sa-

xelebi _ didi koordinatebi (es ukanasknelni _ MS da MO _

Tanabari sintaqsuri ZaliT marTaven zmnas); meore SemTxvevaSi

(patpatpatpatrorororonobs manobs manobs manobs mama Svilsma Svilsma Svilsma Svils) zmna kvlav ZiriTadi koordinatia,

mmarTvel-marTulia, mxolod im gansxvavebiT, rom igi brunvaSi

marTavs mxolod morfologiur subieqts, morfologiuri obi-

eqti ki umarTavia. saxelebi am SemTxvevaSic Tanabari sintaqsu-

ri ZaliT marTaven zmnas pirisa da ricxvis mixedviT (realu-

rad an potenciurad). morfologiuri subieqti aqac didi ko-

ordinatia, xolo morfologiuri obieqti, romelic marTavs

zmnas pirSi da iTanxmebs ricxvSi, magram ver imarTvis zmnis

mier brunvaSi _ mmarTvel-SemTanxmebeli saxeli. mesame Se-

mTxvevaSi (efeefeefeeferererereba deba deba deba deda Svilsda Svilsda Svilsda Svils) zmna ver marTavs verc erT

saxels: morfologiuri subieqti dro-kiloTa samsave JgufSi

saxelobiT brunvaSia, xolo morfologiuri obieqti _ mice-

miTSi, zmna ki imarTvis maTgan (saxelebisgan) piris mixedviT

34

da eTanxmeba maT ricxvSic (aseve realurad an potenciurad).

maSasadame, zmnis piri da ricxvi damokidebulia saxelebze;

zmna moklebulia marTvis funqcias, igi mxolod marTulia. am

SemTxvevaSi orsaxeliani SesitKebis sintaqsuri meqanizmi agebu-

lia ara koordinaciis, aramed Cveulebrivi marTva-SeTanxmebis

safuZvelze.

l el el el e v a n k ev a n k ev a n k ev a n k e l al al al a uuuu r ar ar ar a Z eZ eZ eZ e

qarqarqarqarTveTveTveTvelurlurlurlur, , , , SuSuSuSumemememerulrulrulrul, , , , basbasbasbaskur da bukur da bukur da bukur da bururururuSasSasSasSaskikikiki enaenaenaenaTa naTa naTa naTa naTeTeTeTesasasasaoooobisbisbisbis Se Se Se Sesasasasaxebxebxebxeb

Cven mier 1995 wels ivane JavaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbili-

sis saxelmwifo universitetis folkloristikis kaTedraze Se-

srulebuli sadiplomo naSromi `iafeturi enebi da iafetele-

bi~ (xelmZGvaneli: prof. z. kiknaZe) arsebiTad Sumerul, bu-

ruSaski, baskur da qarTvelur enaTa leqsikuri masalis Sepi-

rispirebisa da am enaTa Soris regularul fonemur SesatKvi-

sobaTa sistemis dadgenis mcdelobas warmoadgenda.

ukanaskneli 10-15 wlis ganmavlobaSi aGniSnul enaTa Se-

swavlis procesSi miGweuli warmatebebidan gamomdinare, isto-

riul-SedarebiT enaTmecnierebas maT urTierTmimarTebebTan

dakavSirebiT ufro dasabuTebuli mosazrebebis gamosaTqmelad

dGes gacilebiT sruli da sando informacia gaaCnia.

regularul bgeraTSesatKvisobaTa dadgenasTan erTad,

ukve SesaZlebeli Cans, gamoiTqvas winaswari mosazrebebi im wi-

nare enis gramatikuli struqturis Taobazec, romlis dia-

leqtTa diaqroniuli transformaciebis Sedegadac unda

CamoKalibebuliKvnen qarTveluri, Sumeruli, buruSaski da

baskuri enebi.

rekonstruirebuli masala am winare enis dialeqtebze

molaparake tomTa kulturis Sesaxeb zogadi warmodgenis Seq-

35

mnis saSualebasac unda iZleodes. aseve SesaZlebeli unda iKos

msJeloba am fuZe-enis gavrcelebis Tavdapirveli arealisa da

misi dialeqtebis matarebel tomTa eTnogenezisis, maTi migra-

ciebis gzaTa da qronologiis Sesaxebac.

Sumerul-qarTvelur enobriv Sexvedrebs Sexebian k. kra-

marji, m. wereTeli, z. kiknaZe, h. fenrixi, J. SaraSeniZe, r. gor-

deziani, g. giorgaZe....

baskur-qarTvelur enobriv paralelTa gamovlena ucdiaT

n. mars, k. boudas, r. lafons, i. brauns, i. zicars, e. i. fur-

nes...

e. i. furnem baskur, buruSaski, qarTvelur da winaber-

Znul enaTa leqsikuri erTeulebi Seapirispira. damatebiTi

buruSaski-qarTveluri paralelebi warmoadgina h. fenrixma.

ramdensame sagulisxmo baskur-buruSaski dakavSirebas

vxvdebiT J. bengstonisa da aseve im sxva mecnierTa naSromeb-

Sic, romelnic baskur da buruSaski enebs, sino-tibetur,

Crdilo kavkasiur, eniseur da na-dene enebTan erTad, sino-kav-

kasiur (dene-kavkasiur) enaTa makrooJaxSi aerTianeben.

qarTvelur, Sumerul, baskur da buruSaski enaTa naTesa-

obaze msJelobisas am mkvlevarTa mier warmodgenil dakavSire-

baTa garkveuli nawili udavod gasaTvaliswinebelia, dakavSi-

rebaTa aramcire raodenoba ki, semantikuri da formaluri xa-

siaTis mizezTa gamo, Znelad misaGebi Cans.

moxsenebaSi kritikulad iqneba gaanalizebuli Sedarebu-

li masalis safuZvelze maT mier gamotanili daskvnebic.

daismis qarTvelur da Cven mier maT monaTesaved miCne-

ul, Sumerul, buruSaski da baskur enebTan, erTi mxriv, wina-

berZnuli da etruskuli, xolo, meore mxriv, Crdilo kavkasiu-

ri da aseve wina aziis Zveli xaTuri da xuro-urartuli ene-

bis naTesaur urTierTmimarTebaTa sakiTxi.

36

c ic ic ic i c ic ic ic i n o k v a nn o k v a nn o k v a nn o k v a n t at at at a l il il il i aaaa n in in in i zozozozogi zmnugi zmnugi zmnugi zmnuri furi furi furi fuZe da zmnisZe da zmnisZe da zmnisZe da zmniswiwiwiwinis sinis sinis sinis sitKvatKvatKvatKvawarwarwarwarmomomomoeeeebibibibiTTTTiiii dadadadaniSniSniSniSnunununuleleleleba ba ba ba ((((ninininiuuuuanananansobsobsobsobririririvi sxvavi sxvavi sxvavi sxvaoooobiT gamobiT gamobiT gamobiT gamovlevlevlevleninininilililili) ) ) )

Tanamedrove qarTulSi zmniswini zmnas met-naklebad Ko-

velTvis ucvlis mniSvelobas. zogJer sxvaoba didia, ise ro-

gorc ariariariaridedededebabababa---- gagagagariririridedededebabababa----momomomoriririridedededebabababa an ararararCeCeCeCevavavava----gagagagarCerCerCerCevavavava ----gamogamogamogamorCerCerCerCe----

vavavava----SeSeSeSerCerCerCerCevavavava formebSi. am masdarebsa da Sesabamis zmnur formeb-

Si mniSvnelobebi aSkarad gansxvavebulia. gansxvaveba sagrZnobia

mimGeobebSic: ariariariaridedededebubububulililili _ gagagagariririridedededebubububulililili----momomomoriririridedededebubububulililili; ; ; ; ararararCeCeCeCeuuuu----

lililili----gagagagarCerCerCerCeuuuulililili----gamogamogamogamorCrCrCrCeeeeuuuulililili----SeSeSeSerCerCerCerCeuuuulililili.

zogJer zmniswini zmnur da, Sesabamisad, saxelzmur for-

mebs mniSvnelobas ki ucvlis, magram gansxvaveba ufro niuan-

sobrivia. zmna an saxelzmna zmniswinis darTviT icvlis mniS-

vnelobas, magram gansxvavebas mcire niuansi qmnis. magaliTad, gagagagariririridedededebabababa---- gamo gamo gamo gamoriririridedededebabababa----momomomoriririridedededebabababa, , , , gagagagaaaaariririridebsdebsdebsdebs----gamogamogamogamoaaaariririridebsdebsdebsdebs----momomomoaaaa----riririridebsdebsdebsdebs,,,,ariariariaridedededebubububulililili----gagagagariririridedededebubububuli li li li an amoamoamoamorCerCerCerCevavavava---- gamo gamo gamo gamorCerCerCerCevavavava----gadagadagadagada----rCerCerCerCevavavava, , , , amoamoamoamoararararCevsCevsCevsCevs----gamogamogamogamoararararCevsCevsCevsCevs----gadagadagadagadaararararCevsCevsCevsCevs, , , , amoamoamoamorCerCerCerCeuuuulililili---- gamo gamo gamo gamorCerCerCerCe----uuuulililili----gadagadagadagadarCerCerCerCeuuuulililili....

zogJer TviT uzmniswino zmnur Tu saxelzmnur formeb-

Sic aris met-naklebi gansxvaveba, magram zmniswini mainc Tavis

mniSvnelobas aZlevs zmnas an aZlierebs, an akonkretebs uzmnis-

wino formis mniSvnelobas.

aseTi formebis gamovlena kidev ufro ganamtkicebs mo-

sazrebas, rom `Tanamedrove qarTulSi zmniswinis sitKvawarmoe-

biTi funqcia farTod da mkafiod aris asaxuli~.

37

m am am am a i a k oi a k oi a k oi a k o b ib ib ib i a Sa Sa Sa S v iv iv iv i l il il il i

qalqalqalqalTa xelTa xelTa xelTa xelsaqsaqsaqsaqmis aGmniSmis aGmniSmis aGmniSmis aGmniSvnevnevnevneli leqli leqli leqli leqsisisisikakakaka momomomoxexexexeururururSiSiSiSi

qarTuli enis moxeur dialeqtSi gavrcelebuli xelsaq-

mis aGmniSvneli bevri termini warmodgenilia iv. JavaxiSvilis

xelmZGvanelobiT Sekrebil `Sinamrewvelobis masalebsa~ da iva-

ne qavTaraZis moxeuri dialeqtis leqsikonSi. amjamad

KuradGebas gavamaxvilebT ramdenime maTganze, romelTagan zo-

gierTi paralels poulobs aGmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis dia-

leqtebSi: xevsurulSi, mTiulurSi, rayulSi... (mag.: Conga, go-

bani, yaGaya, Se, naqci...).

saanalizo terminTagan zogi sakuTriv qarTulia( k…iSta-

vi, kraveli...), zogi (ruda, Conga...) nasesxebi Cans.

sagulisxmoa, rom zogierTi sitKva imave mniSvnelobiT an

mcireodeni Sinaarsobrivi gansxvavebiT mTis kavkasiur enebSic

aris dadasturebuli (mag.: gobani, vainax. guen ←*goben; Sdr.

osur goban `leibi, nalia~).

q eq eq eq e T eT eT eT e v a n m a rv a n m a rv a n m a rv a n m a r g ig ig ig i aaaa n in in in i

didididiaaaaTeTeTeTezis mozis mozis mozis morforforforfosinsinsinsintaqtaqtaqtaqsusususuri kari kari kari katetetetegogogogoririririiiiisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis svasvasvasvanur enanur enanur enanur enaSiSiSiSi ((((wiwiwiwinasnasnasnaswawawawari mori mori mori moxsexsexsexsenenenenebabababa))))

diaTezis cneba qarTul enaSi moicavs zmnis valentobisa

da pirianobis, konstruqciis, zmnasa da saxels Soris sintaq-

suri urTierTobis sakiTxebs.

uGlebis tipebis diaTezebad klasificireba da zmnis mo-

rfologiuri struqturisa Tu sintaqsuri konstruqciis er-

Tianobis principad aGeba xsnis im Seusabamobebs, romlebic

38

gvaris mixedviT klasifikaciis dros iCens Tavs (d. meliqiSvili).

qarTul-megrul zmnasTan SedarebiT svanuri zmnis sir-

Tulis Sesaxeb araerTgzis aGniSnula saenaTmecniero litera-

turaSi. aq JerJerobiT Seuswavlelia diaTezis gramatikuli

kategoria, magram seriebis mwkrivebad daKofisa da inversiis

tipebSi qarTulTan paralelebis, gvarisa da refleqsivis saki-

TxebSi svanuris specifikurobisa Tu TviT svanuri zmnis mo-

rfologiur-sintaqsuri erTianobis gaTvaliswinebis safuZvel-

ze aqac SeiZleba gamoiKos sami diaTeza:

pirvel, anu ergatiuli konstruqciis mqone diaTezaSi

svanurSi gaerTiandeba gardamavali zmnebi, anu aqtivebi, da me-

dioaqtivebi; am ukanasknelTa raodenoba, sxva qarTvelur enaTa

msgavsad, svanurSic SedarebiT SezGudulia (v. Tofuria,

a. oniani).

a) asKŠneasKŠneasKŠneasKŠne (eJa eCas) àkeTebs (is mas)~ _ ansKe (eJnem eJa)

`gaakeTa (man is)~

b) ararararkukukukunenenene eJa `kankalebs is~ _ la�ruk…nela�ruk…nela�ruk…nela�ruk…ne eJnem (ìkanka-

la man~)

g) aqve SeiZleba ganvixiloT aqtiuri fuZedrekadi zmne-

bic: x�txex�txex�txex�txe (eJa eCas eCas) ùbrunebs~ (is mas mas)~ _ laxtix

(eJnem eCas eJa) `daubruna man mas is~

meore diaTeza, romelic aerTianebs:

a) Kvela saxis dinamikur vnebiTebs da b) nawilobriv sta-

tikuri vnebiTis formebs nominatiuri konstruqciisa. orive

qveJgufis zmnebTan subieqti brunvaucvlelia da samive seriaSi

dgas saxelobiT brunvaSi:

ixt�…iixt�…iixt�…iixt�…i eJa (ìxateba is~), xexxexxexxexta…i ta…i ta…i ta…i eJa eCas (èxateba is

mas~) _ �Txat…�Txat…�Txat…�Txat…’’’’n n n n eJa eCas (`daexata is mas~).

g) fuZedrekadi zmnebi

dedededeggggnininini eJa (`qreba is~) _ ad�gad�gad�gad�g eJa (`Caqra is~)

memememesasasasame dime dime dime diaaaaTeTeTeTezaszaszaszas _ datiuri konstruqciis diaTezas, qar-

Tulsa da svanur enebSi qmnian inversiuli zmnebi, romelTac

SeewKoba `sulieri mdgomareobis ganmcdeli, susti nebelobis

mqone subieqti~ (d. meliqiSvili).

39

mal�t mal�t mal�t mal�t mi eJa `miKvars (me is)~ _ lamlamlamlamlatˆnlatˆnlatˆnlatˆn (mi eJa) Se-

miKvarda (me is)~.

saboloo daskvnebis gakeTeba SesaZlebeli gaxdeba diaTe-

zebis SigniT paradigmatuli modelebis aGwerisa da Seswavlis

Semdgom.

Ø ÄØ ÄØ ÄØ Ä È ÄÈ ÄÈ ÄÈ Ä Å À Í Ì À ÒÅ À Í Ì À ÒÅ À Í Ì À ÒÅ À Í Ì À Ò Â ÉÂ ÉÂ ÉÂ É ÀÀÀÀ Í ÉÍ ÉÍ ÉÍ É ---- Ó ÖÓ ÖÓ ÖÓ Ö Á ÀÁ ÀÁ ÀÁ À Ò ÉÒ ÉÒ ÉÒ É ÓáÅÀÈÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÀ ÆÄÌÏ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ (ÄÍÂÖÒÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÊÏÃÏÒÉÓ áÄÏÁÀÈÀ ÌÏÓÀáËÄÏÁÉÓ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ)

ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉ ÐÉÒÃÀÐÉÒ ÍÀÈØÅÀÌÓ áÛÉÒÀÃ ÃÀÄÒÈÅÉÓ ÓÉÔÚÅÀÓÉ-ÔÚÅÉÈÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÄÁÉ -ÌÄÈØÉ; -ÈØÏ; -Ï ÃÀ ÉÓÉÍÉ ÐÉÒÈÀ (I-II-III) ÌÉáÄÃ-ÅÉÈÀÀ ÂÀÍÀßÉËÄÁÖËÉ. ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÓáÅÉÓÉ ÍÀÈØÅÀÌÉ ÌÄÔßÉËÀÃ III ÐÉÒÉÈ ÂÀÌÏÉáÀÔÄÁÀ. ÂÀÌÏÓÀáÀÔÀÅÉ ÓÀÛÖÀËÄÁÄÁÉÀ: -Éã/-éã (I ÃÀ II ÐÉÒÈÀ-ÈÅÉÓ), ÄÓÄÒ, ÒÏØ{æ}, ËÏØ{æ} (III ÐÉÒÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ) ÍÀßÉËÀÊÄÁÉ.

1. ÃÉÀËÏÂÉÓ ÃÒÏÓ ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉ III ÐÉÒÉÓÀÂÀÍ I-II-III ÐÉÒÄÁÉÓÀ-ÃÌÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÅÀ ÓáÅÀÈÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÀÛÉ ÌÖÃÀÌ II ÐÉÒÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÉÈÀÀ ÂÀÃÌÏÝÄÌÖ-ËÉ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÆÌÍÀÓÈÀÍ, ÉÓÄ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÈÀÍ, ÀÍÖ ÆÖÓÔÀÃ ÉÓÄ, ÒÏ-ÂÏÒÝ ÌÈØÌÄËÉ (III ÐÉÒÉ) ÉÔÚÏÃÀ, ÒÀÃÂÀÍ ÀÃÒÄÓÀÔÀÃ ÍÄÁÉÓÌÉÄÒ ÛÄ-ÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉ II ÐÉÒÉ ÂÀÌÏÃÉÓ, ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÊÉ ÀÍÀËÏÂÉÖÒ ÅÉÈÀÒÄÁÀÛÉ ÍÀ-ÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉÝ ÃÀ ÆÌÍÀÝ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÅÉÓ ÏÁÉÄØÔÉÓ ÒÄÀËÖÒ ÐÉÒÓ ÛÄÄÓÀÁÀ-ÌÄÁÀ ÌÈáÒÏÁÄËÉÓ (ÃÀ ÀÒÀ ÌÈØÌÄËÉÓ!) ÐÏÆÉÝÉÉÃÀÍ _ I-Ó, II-Ó ÀÍ III-Ó. ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÉÓÈÅÉÓ ÀÌÏÓÀÅÀËÉ ÀÒÉÓ ÀÒÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÉÓ ÖÛÖÀËÏ ÀÅÔÏ-ÒÉÓ (ÌÈØÌÄËÉÓ) ÃÀ ÌÉÓÉ ÀÃÒÄÓÀÔÉÓ ÐÉÒÏÅÍÖËÉ ÐÏÆÉÝÉÄÁÉ (ÈÖ ÒÏ-ÌÄËÉ ÐÉÒÉÀ ÄÒÈÉ ÈÖ ÌÄÏÒÄ), ÀÒÀÌÄÃ ÌÈáÒÏÁÄËÈÀÍ ÌÀÈÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÀ:

À)ÈÖ ÀÅÔÏÒÉ (ÌÈáÒÏÁÄËÉ) ÃÀ ÌÈØÌÄËÉÓ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÅÉÓ ÏÁÉÄØÔÉ ÄÒÈÉ ÃÀ ÉÂÉÅÄÀ, ÌÀÛÉÍ I ÐÉÒÉÓÄÖËÉ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÀÀ (ÒÀÃÂÀÍ ÌÈáÒÏ-ÁÄËÉ ÈÀÅÀÃ ÀÒÉÓ I ÐÉÒÉ):

ãÀÈÄÃ ÍðØæÄ: ÍðÒÏØ ÀÌáÄÍ ÜæÏÙ ÏÓÙÄËÉæÃ _ “ãÀÈÄÌ ÂÅÉ-ÈáÒÀ: ÈØÅÄÍ ÀØÄÈ ÃÀÌÉÝÀÃÄÈÏ”; ÓÉÔÚÅÀÓÉÔÚÅÉÈ: “...ÜÅÄÍÏ ÀØÄÈ ÃÅÖ-ÝÀÃÄÈÌÝÀ (ÃÀ-ÌÝÀ-ÅÖÝÀÃÄÈ)”;

ÃÉÍÀ, ÁÀÆ’ÄÓÄÒ ËÄÌÆéÒðÒÖ ÏáÍðÚ! _ “ÂÏÂÏ, ÀÌÀÙÀÌ ÊÅÄÒÄÁÉ ÂÀÌÏÀÝáÅÄÏ!” _ “...ÀÌÀÙÀÌÏ ÊÅÄÒÄÁÉÌÝÀ (“ÛÄÓÀËÏÝÄÁÉ”) ÂÀÌÏÅÀÝáÅÄ!”

Á)ÈÖ ÌÈØÌÄËÉÓ ÀÃÒÄÓÀÔÉ ÌÈáÒÏÁÄËÉÓÈÅÉÓ II ÐÉÒÉÀ, ÌÀÛÉÍ II-ÐÉÒÉÓÄÖËÉ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÀ ÂÅÀØÅÓ:

ÚÀÈËÀÍÃ ÌóØæ, ÄÒÄ Ó’ëÓÄÒ ÃðÛÃæÉ áæóÎ ãÉÃÂêÒÀ _ “ÚÀÈ-

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ËÀÍÌÀ ÌÉÈáÒÀ, ÒÏÌ ÛÄÍ(“Ï”) ÃÀÈÅÉÝ ÁÄÅÒÉ {ÌÏ}ÂÉÊËÀÅÓ”; ÉÓÂæÀÈ’ÀÌ-àÉÒÄ, ÀÃÄÒÏÙ _ “ÛÄÍÈÀÍ ÃÀÌÀÁÀÒÀ, ßÀÅÉÃÄÓÏ (“ßÀÃÉÌÝÀ”)”.

Â)ÈÖ ÌÈØÌÄËÉÝ ÃÀ ÀÃÒÄÓÀÔÉÝ III ÐÉÒÉÀ, ÀÅÔÏÒÉ III-ÐÉÒÉÓÄÖË ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÀÓ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÀÅÓ:

ÁÀÈðËÁÉÃ áóØæÄ ÌÉÜÀ ÜìÑÀ: _ ÒÏÓÔÏÌ, ÀÙÏ ÀÈá’ÄÓÄÒ áÏ-ßÉæá ËÉÌÀÒÂæ! _ “ÁÀÈÀËÁÉÌ ÖÈáÒÀ ÈÀÅÉÓ ÓÉÞÄÓ: _ ÒÏÓÔÏÌ, ÀÁÀ Àá-ËÀ ÂÅÌÀÒÈÄÁÓÏ ÓÉÌÀÒãÅÄ!” _ “...ÀáËÀÏ äÌÀÒÈÄÁÈ ÓÉÌÀÒãÅÄ!”

ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÅáÄÃÀÅÈ, ÃÉÀËÏÂÄÁÛÉ ÓáÅÀÈÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÉÓ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÉÓ-ÈÅÉÓ ÀÌÏÓÀÅÀËÉ ÀÃÒÄÓÀÔÉÓ ÀÅÔÏÒÈÀÍ (ÃÀ ÀÒÀ ÌÈØÌÄËÈÀÍ) ÖÛÖÀËÏ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÀÀ.

2. ÒÀÃÂÀÍ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÀÛÉ ÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ ÂÀÈÅÀËÉÓßÉÍÄÁÖËÉ ÉÓ, ÈÖ ÒÏÌÄËÉ ÐÉÒÉÀ ÌÈØÌÄËÉ, ÀËÁÀÈ ÀÌÉÔÏÌÀÝ I ÃÀ II ÐÉÒÛÉ ÓÉÔÚÅÀÓÉ-ÔÚÅÉÈÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ÄÒÈÉ ÃÀ ÉÂÉÅÄÀ (Éã/éã) _ ÌÈØÌÄËÉ áÏÌ ÏÒÓÀÅÄ ÛÄ-ÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉ ÈÀÅÀÃÀÀ ÀÅÔÏÒÉ (ÌÉÌÀÒÈÀÅÓ ÀÃÒÄÓÀÔÓ ÈÖ ÓáÅÀÓ ÀÁÀÒÄÁÓ ÒÀÌÄÓ! ).

3. ÈÖÌÝÀ III-ÐÉÒÉÓÄÖËÉ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÀ ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÉÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ-ÈÅÉÓ, ÆÏÂãÄÒ ÒÏØæ ÃÀ ÄÓÄÒ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÄÁÉ I ÃÀ II ÐÉÒÉÓ ÍÀÈØÅÀÌÈÀÍÀÝ ÂÀÌÏÉÚÄÍÄÁÀ, ÒÀÝ ãÄÒ ÊÉÃÄÅ 1962 ßÄËÓ ÛÄÍÉÛÍÀ É. ÜÀÍÔËÀÞÄÌ ÈÀÅÉÓ ÓÀÃÉÐËÏÌÏ ÍÀÛÒÏÌÛÉ. ÉÓ ×ÀØÔÉ, ÒÏÌ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉ ÌÏÅËÄÍÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÐÏÄÆÉÉÓ ÍÉÌÖÛÄÁÛÉ áÀËáÖÒ ÐÒÏÆÀÓÀ ÃÀ ÝÏÝáÀË ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀÓÈÀÍ ÛÄÃÀÒÄÁÉÈ, ÉÌÀÆÄ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÓ, ÒÏÌ “ÀÌÂÅÀÒÉ ÒÀÌ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓÈÅÉÓ ÛÄÃÀ-ÒÄÁÉÈ Ö×ÒÏ ÂÅÉÀÍÃÄËÉÀ, ÌÄÏÒÄÖËÉÀ ÃÀ ØÀÒÈÖË ÄÍÀÓÈÀÍ ÊÏÍÔÀØ-ÔÉÈ ÖÍÃÀ ÀÉáÓÍÀÓ” (É. ÜÀÍÔËÀÞÄ, “ØÀÒÈÅÄËÏËÏÂÉÖÒÉ ÞÉÄÁÀÍÉ”, 1998, ÂÅ. 227).

ÀÌ ÌÏÓÀÆÒÄÁÉÓ ÌÀÒÈÄÁÖËÏÁÀÓ ÀÃÀÓÔÖÒÄÁÓ ÊÏÃÏÒÉÓ áÄÏÁÉÓ ÌÝáÏÅÒÄÁ ÓÅÀÍÈÀ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÉÓ ÍÉÌÖÛÄÁÉÝ, ÒÏÌÄËÈÀ ÛÄÓßÀÅËÉÓ ÛÄ-ÃÄÂÀÃ ÀÙÌÏÜÍÃÀ, ÒÏÌ ÓáÅÀÈÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÉÓ ØÀÒÈÖËÉÓÄÁÖÒÉ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØ-ÝÉÀ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÉÓ ÓÉáÛÉÒÉÈ ÜÒÃÉËÀÅÓ ÊÉÃÄÝ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÓÐÄÝÉ×É-ÊÖÒ, ÌÄÓÀÌÄ ÐÉÒÉÓÄÖË ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÀÓ:

ÌÄäÀÃ áÀÔæìËÍÀ ÃÄÃÀÓ: ÓÉ ÒÏØ ÃÀÜæÉÒ ÌêÃÄ, ÌÖáæÁÄ ÒÏØ ÌÉÒÉ É ÜÖ ËÀá ÒÏØ ÎðÒ ÀÌÃÀÂÒÉ, ÜÖ ÌÉáÀ, ÓÉ ÒÏØ ÜÖ ÌÉßæÒÉ _ ”ÓÖË ÄÖÁÍÄÁÏÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ ÃÄÃÀÓ: ÛÄÍ ÃÀ ÊÉ ÀÒÀ, ÞÌÀ ÌÚÀÅáÀÒÏ ÃÀ ÈÖ ÅÉÍÌÄ ÌÏÌÊËÀÅÓ, ÅÉÝÉ, ÛÄÍ ÌÉÓÉÓáËÄÁÏ”.

ÀØ Ö×ÒÏÓÉ ÈÀÏÁÉÓ ßÀÒÌÏÌÀÃÂÄÍËÄÁÉÝ ÊÉ ÛÄÃÀÒÄÁÉÈ ÀÒØÀÖ-ËÉ ËÄØÓÉÊÉÓ ÛÄÌÝÅÄËÉ ÔÄØÓÔÄÁÉÓ (ÆÙÀÐÒÄÁÉÓ, ËÄÂÄÍÃÄÁÉÓ...) ÌÏÚÏ-ËÉÓÀÓ ÖÌÄÔÄÓÀÃ ÖÂÖËÄÁÄËÚÏ×ÄÍ III-ÐÉÒÉÓÄÖË ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÀÓ ÃÀ ÓáÅÀÈÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÉÓ ØÀÒÈÖËÉÓ ÀÍÀËÏÂÉÖÒ ßÀÒÌÏÄÁÀÓ ÀÒÜÄÅÄÍ:

ÌÖËÂÖäëÒÉÓ áÀÔîËÉ [ÌÀäÒëÍÄ ÌÖáæÁÄ]: _ ÊÏÔíË áóÍÓ ÄÓÄÒ ÑÉ ËóÌÉÛáæÍ, ÀÌÙæÉàá ÄÓÄÒ æÄÛÂÉÍ _ “ÌÄßÉÓØÅÉËÄÓ ÄÖÁÍÄÁÀ [ÖÌÝÒÏÓÉ ÞÌÀ]: _ ÝÏÔÀ áÀÍÓ ÃÀÌÌÀËÄÏ (ÛÄÌÉÍÀáÄÏ), ÌÏÌÃÄÅÄÍÏ ÖÊÀÍ” (ÌÏÓÀËÏÃÍÄËÉ ÉÚÏ: ...Ñìæ ËóÎÛáæÉÍ, ÀáÙæÉàá ÄÓÄÒ “ÛÄÉÍÀáÀÌÝÀ, ÌÏÓÃÄÅÄÍÏ...”).

41

Ö×ÒÏ ÌÄÔÉÝ, ÓáÅÀÈÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÉÓ ÌÄÓÀÌÄ ÐÉÒÉÓÄÖËÉ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÀ ÊÏÃÏÒÄË ÓÅÀÍÈÀ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀÛÉ ÖÊÅÄ ÉÌÃÄÍÀÃ ÀÒÀÌÚÀÒÉÀ, ÒÏÌ áÛÉ-ÒÀÃ ÌÈØÌÄËÄÁÉ ÄÒÈÓÀ ÃÀ ÉÌÀÅÄ ÊÏÍÔÄØÓÔÛÉ ÖÍÄÁÖÒÀÃ ÝÅËÉÀÍ ÌÀÓ ÃÀ ÂÀÃÀÃÉÀÍ ÌÀÈÈÅÉÓ ÖÊÅÄ Ö×ÒÏ ÁÖÍÄÁÒÉÅÀÃ ØÝÄÖË ØÀÒÈÖËÉÓÄ-ÁÖÒ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÀÆÄ, ÓÀÃÀÝ ÌÈáÒÏÁÄËÉÓ ÊÉ ÀÒÀ, ÖÛÖÀËÏÃ ÌÈØÌÄ-ËÉÓ ÀÍ ÌÈØÌÄËÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÀÃÒÄÓÀÔÉÓ (ÃÉÀËÏÂÛÉ) ÐÉÒÉÀ ÀÌÏÓÀÅÀËÉ:

ËÄËðÔÃ áóØæ ÀË ÆÖÒêËÓ: _ ã’ëÓÄÒ ØóÎ áÄáæÃ É ÀËÉ ØÏÍÄ-ÁÀ ÄÓÄÒ ÍðÎ ÏÂæÓÄÃÍÉ _ “ÓÀÚÅÀÒÄËÌÀ ÖÈáÒÀ ÀÌ ØÀËÓ: _ ÌÄ ßÀÂÉÚÅÀ-ÍÏ ÝÏËÀÃ ÃÀ ÄÓ ØÏÍÄÁÀ ÜÅÄÍ ÃÀÂÅÒÜÄÁÀÏ”; ÓÉÔÚÅÀÓÉÔÚÅÉÈ: “...ÈÅÉÈÏ-ÍÏ ßÀÉÚÅÀÍÓ ÝÏËÀÃ ÃÀ ÄÓ ØÏÍÄÁÀ ÜÅÄÍ ÃÀÂÅÒÜÄÁÀ”.

ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÉÈØÅÀÓ, ÒÏÌ ÓÀÖÊÖÍÄÍÀáÄÅÒÉÓ ßÉÍ ÊÏÃÏÒÉÓ áÄÏÁÀÛÉ ÂÀÃÀÓÀáËÄÁÖË ÓÅÀÍÈÀ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀÛÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÁÀËÓÆÄÌÏÖÒ ÃÀ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒ ÊÉËÏÈÀ ÛÄÒÄÅÉÓ ÈÖ ÃÏÌÉÍÀÍÔ ÄÍÀÆÄ ÌÄÔÚÅÄË ÌÏÓÀá-ËÄÏÁÀÓÈÀÍ áÛÉÒÉ ÊÏÍÔÀØÔÉÓ ÂÀÌÏ ÉÍÔÄÒ×ÄÒÄÍÝÉÖËÏÁÉÈ ÂÀÌÏÉÒ-ÜÄÅÀ, ØÀÒÈÖËÌÀ ÂÀÅËÄÍÀ ÓÉÍÔÀØÓÆÄ Ö×ÒÏ ÀÃÅÉËÀÃ ÌÏÀáÃÉÍÀ, ÒÀÝ ÌÏÝÄÌÖË ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉ ÍÀÈËÀÃ ÂÀÌÏÅËÉÍÃÀ.

4. ÈÖ ÐÉÒÃÀÐÉÒÉ ÍÀÈØÅÀÌÉÓ ÊÉËÏ ÁÒÞÀÍÄÁÉÈÉ ÀÍ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÉ-ÈÉÀ, ÌÀÓÈÀÍ ÀÖÝÉËÄÁËÀÃ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ -Ö/-æ/-ÏÙæ/-Ïæ “-ÌÝÀ” ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ, ÒÏÌËÉÓ ÀÃÂÉËÉÝ ÌÚÀÒÉ ÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ _ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÃÀÄÒÈÏÓ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓ ÍÄÁÉÓÌÉÄÒ ßÄÅÒÓ, áÛÉÒÀÃ _ ßÉÍÃÄÁÖËÓ, ÛÄÃÀÒÄÁÉÈ ÉÛÅÉÀÈÀÃ ÆÌÍÉÓ ÁÏËÏÓÀÝ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ, ÒÀÝ ÌÀÉÍÝÃÀÌÀÉÍÝ ÁÖÍÄÁÒÉÅÀÃ ÅÄÒ ÑÙÄÒÓ; ÀÓÄÈ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ ÄÓÄÒ, ÒÏØæ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÄÁÉ ÀÖÝÉËÄÁÄËÉ ÀÙÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ, ÉÓÄ-ÃÀÝ ÉÂÖËÉÓáÌÄÁÀ, ÒÏÌ ÓáÅÀÈÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÀÓÈÀÍ ÂÅÀØÅÓ ÓÀØÌÄ:

ÙëÒÁÄÈÃ áóØæ: ÓÀÌËÀàÀÒ ÛÖÊæÉÓÂ’ÄÓÄÒ ÌÖÒÓÂæÄÍÈëÖ ÀÜðÃ _ “ÙÌÄÒÈÌÀ ÖÈáÒÀ: ÂÆÀãÅÀÒÄÃÉÍÆÄ ÌÀÒãÅÍÉÅ ßÀÃÉÏ _ “...ÂÆÀãÅÀÒÄ-ÃÉÍÆÄ (“ÓÀÌÓÀÚÀÒ”) ÂÆÀÛÉÏ ÌÀÒãÅÍÉÅÌÝÀ ßÀÅÉÃÀ”.

ÃÉÍ’ÄÓÄÒ Ø’ÏÙ À×ÉÛÃæá | ÃÉÍÀ Ø’ÏÙ À×ÉÛÃæá _ “ÂÏÂÏ ÂÀÖÛ-ÅÉÈÏ” (“ÂÏÂÏÏ ÀÍ ÂÏÂÏ ÂÀ-ÌÝÀ-ÖÛÅÄÓ”).

ÎÀÒðÙ ÄÓÄÒ Üîæ ÀÛÉÃá | ÎÀÒðÙ Üîæ ÀÛÉÃá! _ “ÉÀÒÀÙÉ ÃÀÚÀ-ÒÄÈÏ!” (“ÉÀÒÀÙÉÏ ÀÍ ÉÀÒÀÙÉ ÃÀ-ÌÝÀ-ÚÀÒÄÓ”).

ÌÓÂÀÅÓ ÅÉÈÀÒÄÁÀÛÉ ÆÌÍÀ-ÛÄÌÀÓÌÄÍÄËÉ ÚÏÅÄËÈÅÉÓ ßÚÅÄÔÉËÛÉÀ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ “-ÌÝÀ” ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉÀÍÉ ÁÒÞÀÍÄÁÉÈÉ ÀÍ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÄ-ÁÉÈÉ ÊÉËÏÓ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀÓ ÛÄÄÓÀÔÚÅÉÓÄÁÀ; ÉÂÉÅÄ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ÓáÅÀ ÌßÊÒÉÅÄÁ-ÈÀÍÀÝ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ, ÌÀÂÒÀÌ ÉØ ÐÉÒÃÀÐÉÒÉ ÍÀÈØÅÀÌÉ ÓáÅÀÈÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÉÓ ÍÀßÉ-ËÀÊÉÓ ÂÀÒÄÛÄ ÅÄÒ ÂÀÌÏÉáÀÔÄÁÀ:

áÏÜÀÌÃÖ ÄÓÄÒ áðÒÉÃ! _ “ÊÀÒÂÀÃ ÉÚÀÅÉÈÏ” (“ÊÀÒÂÀÃ-ÌÝÀ-Ï áÀÒÈ!”), ÛÃÒ.:

áÏÜÀÌÃÖ áðÒÉÃ! _ “ÊÀÒÂÀÃ ÉÚÀÅÉÈ!” (“ÊÀÒÂÀÃ-ÌÝÀ áÀÒÈ!”).

42

v a xv a xv a xv a x t a n g m a G r at a n g m a G r at a n g m a G r at a n g m a G r a Z eZ eZ eZ e

kvlav kakvlav kakvlav kakvlav kallllkkkkeeeebis Sebis Sebis Sebis Sesasasasaxebxebxebxeb

Tanamedrove qarTulSi sakmaod momravlda kalkebi (sxva

enis sitKvis an SesitKvebis mniSvnelobis zustad gamoxatva me-

ore enis amave mniSvnelobis sitKviT an SesitKvebiT).

qarTuli zmna gansakuTrebuli mravalferovnebiTa da sa-

ocari tevadobiT gamoirCeva. is, rac sxva enebSi ori sitKviT

gamoxatvas sayiroebs, qarTulSi organulad unda iqnes gadmo-

cemuli.

1. imeds viimeds viimeds viimeds vitotototovebvebvebveb rusulisaTvis dasaSvebi, bunebrivi

formaa (оооооооо ооооооо), qarTulisaTvis ki kalks warmoad-

gens da miuGebelia. marTebulia vivivivimemememedovdovdovdovnebnebnebneb.

2. amaKi varamaKi varamaKi varamaKi var _ esec kalkia (о оооо). dasaxelebuli sin-

tagma marTebulad gamoiKeneba konteqstSi, rodesac Tvisebazea

saubari. mag.: JiJiJiJiuuuuti varti varti varti var; mximximximxiaaaarurururuli varli varli varli var; momomomoqniqniqniqnili varli varli varli var; qedqedqedqed----

maGali varmaGali varmaGali varmaGali var; ykviykviykviykviaaaani varni varni varni var... amaKi varamaKi varamaKi varamaKi var; magram, rodesac is moqme-

debas aGniSnavs, erTi sitKviT, zmniT unda gadmoices; vavavavamaKobmaKobmaKobmaKob, , , ,

memememeaaaamaKebamaKebamaKebamaKeba.

n an an an a n a m an a m an a m an a m a yyyy aaaa v av av av a r ir ir ir i aaaa n in in in i

ananananTroTroTroTropopopopomormormormorful arful arful arful arsesesesebabababaTa saTa saTa saTa saxelxelxelxelwowowowodedededebabababanininini 3333. . . . afxaafxaafxaafxazuzuzuzuri ari ari ari aJJJJnˆSnˆSnˆSnˆS ´́́́ ,, ,, ,, ,,sasasasatatatatanananana, , , , eSeSeSeSmamamamakikikiki~~~~ leqleqleqleqsesesesemis warmomis warmomis warmomis warmomavmavmavmavlolololobibibibisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

afxazurSi aJnˆS´ ,,satanis, eSmakis~ erT-erTi saxelwode-

baa. moxsenebaSi gamoTqmulia varaudi imis Taobaze, rom aGniS-

nuli leqsema unda momdinareobdes afxazurSive dadasturebu-

li Jahanˆm ,,JoJoxeTi~ sitKvisagan, romelic Tavis mxriv, nases-

xebi unda iKos am enaSi. am konteqstSi KuradGebas iqcevs ag-

43

reTve Zveli qarTulis leqsikuri erTeuli, memaJani ,,Tavzar-

damcemi~, romelic qarTulSi aGmosavluri enobrivi samKaro-

dan Cans moxvedrili.

n in in in i k ok ok ok o l o z o T il o z o T il o z o T il o z o T i n a Sn a Sn a Sn a S v iv iv iv i l il il il i adadadadgilgilgilgilnacnacnacnacvavavavalllli toi toi toi topopopoponinininimemememebibibibi frofrofrofrones xenes xenes xenes xeoooobabababaSiSiSiSi

zemo qarTlis toponimebi mravalmxriv aris saintereso.

isini moxsenebuli aris mTel rig saistorio dokumentebSi,

aGniSnulia mecnierTa da mogzaurTa aGwerebSi, datanilia

rukebze.

frones xeobis toponimebma mraval qartexils gauZles,

bevri maTgani ganadgurda omebis, migraciis Sedegad, magram ma-

Ti aGdgena mainc xerxdeba Cawerili masalebiT da maTi SeJere-

biT istoriul dokumentaciasTan.

xSir SemTxvevaSi toponimi gadaadgilebulia, adgilSec-

vlilia, amisi mizezi ki migraciul procesebTan erTad iZule-

biTi gadaadgilebacaa. xeobaSi soflebi ZiriTadad ganlagebu-

li iKo SemaGlebul adgilebze, cxovreba adgilobrivT uwev-

daT barTan SedarebiT mkacr pirobebSi da miatoves ukeTesi

sacxovrebeli pirobebis Sesaqmnelad. gadasaxldnen ra xel-

saKrel sacxovrebel adgilze, Tan gadaitanes TavianTi Zveli

sacxovrebeli adgilis geografiuli saxelwodeba.

sofeli muGnisi aseTi saxelwodebiT gvxvdeba 1715 wlis

ruisis saepiskoposos davTarSi, vaxuStis teqstSi da rukaze

datanilia, rogorc muGrisi. es geografiuli punqti mdebare-

obda dvanisa da fcis froneebis wKalgamKof qedze.

zemoxsenebuli davTaris mixedviT, iq cxovrobdnen bregva-

Ze, SukaviZe, mamacaSvili. pirveli ori gvari dGes xeobaSi

aGar saxlobs, xolo mamacaSvilebi Camosaxldnen mdinare fro-

44

nes marcxena napirze da gadaadgilebul toponimebs isev

muGrisi uwodes. ase rom Zveli sofeli gacilebiT Sors mde-

bareobda, sadac axlac aris sakulto nageboba.

sofeli xundisubanic am qedis ganStoebazea gaSenebuli,

xolo mis CrdiloeTiT mdebareobda giunanTi (giunaSvilebi),

romlebic didi liaxvis xeobis sofel anZisidan meTvramete sa-

ukuneSi Casaxldnen frones xeobaSi. iqidan oci wlis mere

aiKarnen da goris raionis sofel flavismanSi gadasaxldnen.

xaxutaSvilebis sofeli (xaxutaanTi) lebeuris mTidan

sacxovreblad wavidnen goris r-nis sofel meJvrisxevSi.

patara sofeli worbisi dvanis frones saTaveSi mdebare-

obs da iq ukve gaosebuli doiJaSvilebis oTxi oJaxi cxovrobs.

maTi gadmocemiT gvaris winaprebi rayis sofel worbisidan

arian gadmosulebi da axalmosulebs Zveli soflis saxeli

uwodebiaT. maTi naTesavebi sacxovreblad gadasulan liaxvis

xeobis sofel ergneTSi da erT ubans TavianTi gvaris mixedviT

uwodes doiJaanTi (doiJaSvilebi).

sofeli aramgama fcis frones marJvena mxares iKo gaSene-

buli vrcel qedze, sadac aGweriT cxovrobdnen: samsonaSvili,

dvali, iobaSvili, ayaraZe. sofelma Semdgom adgili icvala

mdinaris marJvena mxares gaaSenes, sadac Zveli gvarebidan da-

rCa mxolod dvalebi, danarCeni fexSvelaSvili da kasraZeebi

didi liaxvis xeobidan Casaxldnen.

sofel axalSenic am xeobis marcxena mxares mdebareobda

da Semdeg marJvena mxares gadmosaxldnen. aTi gvaridan _ Cubi-

naSvili, ioramaSvili, JiboriSvili, zubiaSvili, kvesaZe, joju-

aSvili, qitiaSvili, biZinaSvili, papunaSvili, murvaniSvili,

sofelSi aGaravin saxlobs. darCa mxolod xuciSvilebi da me-

sxebi, danarCenebi goris, qarelisa da xaSuris raionis sof-

lebSia gafantuli.

fcis frones marJvena mxares mdebareobda sofeli wire-

Ti, sadac davTris mixedviT cxovrobdnen ToTlaZe, maisuraZe,

lobioZe, cacanaSvilebi, besaSvili, lelaSvili, CiGuniZe. dGes

es sofeli aGar arsebobs, nasoflaris CrdiloeTiT erTi ki-

45

lometris moSorebiT aris sofeli nabakevi, sadac nasoflari-

dan gadasaxldnen iantbeliZe, samxaraZe, nadiraSvili. maTi mo-

naTxrobiT ki CaviwereT toponimebi: maisuraanT axoebi, wKaro,

begiaanT (begiaSvili) tKe, cacanaanT nasaxlarebi, kaloebi.

xeobaSi iKo patara sofeli nadikvari, marcxena mxares,

sadac sadGobelaSvilebi cxovrobdnen. sofels es saxeli daer-

qva iq gavrcelebuli xorblis JiSis dikas gamo, romelic am

gvaris xalxs mohKavda da gahqondaT bazarze. aqve iKo tba da

dGesac aris, oGond iq xalxi ar saxlobs. aq mohKavdaT mcena-

re yili, romlisganac qsovdnen yilofs, aseve mohKavdaT xili

da swored amitom gvxvdeba toponimebi: yiliani, seliani. se-

lis moKvanas umTavresad mesxebi misdevdnen. es adgilebi ukve

oci welia daclilia eTnokonfliqtebis gamo da iqauroba ga-

veranebulia.

dvanis da fcis froneebis wKalgamKofad lebeuris mTis

CrdileoTiT aris nasoflari gomarTa, sadac Jer kidev dgas

wiTeli tufiT nagebi taZari. mis CrdiloeTis kedelze gamosa-

xulia gvirgvinosani qalis freska, romelic Tamar mefisad

aris miCneuli. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es vrceli farTobi, rome-

lic Sua tKeSi mdebareobs, asi heqtari mainc iqneba, sadac

uamravi nasaxlari da nangrevia, romelic faqtiurad gamokvle-

uli ar aris. aqedan gza imereTSi gadadis da albaT esec aris

mizezi, rom rayidan da imereTidan gadmosaxlebulebi cxov-

robdnen. davTaris mixedviT: koberiZe, SavaSaZe, tabataZe, sira-

Ze, omaZe, CinCalaZe.

nasoflari xrtana mdebareobs gomarTis samxreTiT, sadac

cxovrobdnen: laKvaZe, yiyinaZe, grZeliSvili, kapanaZe, ciskaZe.

sabyoTa xelisuflebis wlebSi istoriuli soflis TiGvis

siaxloves burnaZeebis ubans daarqves Crdilo kavkasiidan

saKaCaGod gadmosuli vinme znaur aidarovis saxeli, romelic

dGes raionul centrad iTvleba. aseve istoriuli sofeli gior-

giwmindas, sabyoTa xelisuflebisaTvis mebrZoli isak xarebovis

saxeli uwodes. gamqralia wKaroebSi dasaxelebuli sofeli tvi-

subani, romelic zemoxsenebul raionul centrs SeuerTes.

46

CamoTvlili da ganxiluli dasaxlebuli punqtebis sa-

xelwodebebi mxolod nawilia im nasoflarebisa da gadaadgi-

lebuli toponimebisa, romlebic frones xeobaSi gvxvdeba. maTi

gamomzeureba, iq mcxovrebi gvarebis fiqsacia da samecniero

mimoqceva bevrs mohfens naTels istoriisa da dialeqtebis

kvlevisas.

m em em em e r a b r or a b r or a b r or a b r o b ab ab ab a q iq iq iq i Z eZ eZ eZ e

zogierT anTropologiur cnebaTa semantikurizogierT anTropologiur cnebaTa semantikurizogierT anTropologiur cnebaTa semantikurizogierT anTropologiur cnebaTa semantikuri velis Sesaxeb qarTul enaSivelis Sesaxeb qarTul enaSivelis Sesaxeb qarTul enaSivelis Sesaxeb qarTul enaSi

enis Koveli calkeuli elementi Tavs avlens rogorc

mTelis nawili. ena sistemaa, mas Sinagani kanonzomiereba aqvs;

erTi sitKvis wvdomac ki enaSi arsebuli urTierTkavSirebis

wvdomas gulisxmobs. humboldtis es fuZemdebluri Tvalsaz-

risi gansazGvravs enis mecnieruli kvlevis principebs.

ama Tu im enis semantikuri velebi garkveuli niSniT am-

Tlianeben sitKvaTa gansazGvrul Jgufebs. principi maTi ga-

mTlianebisa Sinaarsobrivia.

Cveni kvleva-Ziebis dros vefuZnebiT enaTmecnierebaSi Se-

muSavebul debulebebs erovnuli enobrivi gonis mier samKaros

originaluri xedvis SemuSavebul principebs, rac saSualebas

gvaZlevs warmovadginoT garkveuli niSniT aGbeydili sitKvaT-

veli.

sakacobrio kulturis istoriaSi Koveli eri Tavis

`sitKvas~ ambobs, Tavisi enobrivi goniT acnobierebs samKaros.

Kovel enas Tavisi originaluri msoflxedvis meoxebiT sakuTa-

ri enobrivi velebi gaaCnia. arasodes daiKvaneba erTi enis ve-

li sxva enis semantikur velze. sitKvaTa Sinaarsebi KovelTvis

sxvaoben, amasTan, ar aris gamoricxuli struqturul-Sinaar-

sobrivi siaxlove.

47

Cven sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom ìw-

roebis~ fsiqologiuri Sinaarsis dadgena im semantikuri ve-

lis meoxebiTaa SesaZlebeli, romlis organuli wevric is

aris. es struqtura moicavs im sitKvebs, romlebic enaTesavebi-

an mas grZnobiT-emociuri niSnis mixedviT, romelTa saerTo

ganmsazGvrelia p i r o v n u l i m T l i a n o b i s r G v e v a.

es sitKvebia: `Seiwreba~, `mokleba~, `gankafa~, `ganleva~, `Semci-

reba~, `daknineba~, `gankveTa~, `ganpeba~, `ganxerxva~ da sxva. sa-

zogadod, es sitKvebi SesaZlebelia moviazroT rogorc sinoni-

mebi da warmovadginoT rogorc `Seiwreba-moklebis~ semantikis

matarebeli sitKvebi. pirovnuli rGveva ganpirobebulia adamia-

nis mTliani bunebis `SeiwrebiT~, rac misi Sinabunebis umTav-

resi maxasiaTeblis _ g o n e b i s f a r T o m i m o q c e v i s

d a q v e i T e b i T a a gamowveuli.

`Seiwrebas~ Cvens mier ganxiluli masalis mixedviT aqvs

Tavisi gradaciebi: sakuTriv ìwroeba~, `ganficxeba~, `damZime-

ba~, `gancofeba~ da `kruleba~ (`skuna-amoskuna~, Caketva, da-

xurva). sazogadod, pirovnuli mTlianobis dakargva niSnavs

simKaris, simtkicis dakargvas, Sinagan konfliqts, ìyvneulo-

bas~, rac gamoxatulia iseTi ìwroebiTi~ Sinaarsis cnebiT,

rogoricaa òrguleba~ (antonimuri Sinaarsis cneba _ èr-

Tguleba~ gamoxatavs pirovnul simtkicesa da mTlianobas).

ìwroeba~, rogorc adamianis Sinagani fsiqikuri mdgoma-

reobis gamomxatveli sitKva, emociur Sinaarss Seicavs. igi zo-

gadi cnebaa da grZnoba-emociaTa mravalferovan Sinaarsebs

gamosaxavs. es ki imas niSnavs, rom adamianis b u n e b i s i w -

r o e b a sxvadasxva konteqstSi sxvadasxva SinaarsiT itvirTeba

da gansxvavebul `gulisTqmebze~ migvaniSnebs.

ìwroeba~-s Zvel qarTul enaSi araerTi sitKva enaTesave-

ba. maT Soris upirvelesad unda davasaxeloT `mokleba~. pi-

rovnebis `Seviwroeba~ imavdroulad `mokleba~, `naklulevane-

baa~. ìwroeba~ da `mokleba~ am SemTxvevaSi sinonimebad warmo-

gvidgebian, iseve rogorc `guliwreba~ da `sulmokleba~. am

kompozitTa sinonimuroba ki imiT aixsneba, rom sinonimebad

48

moiazrebian `guli~ da `suli~, rogorc m T l i a n p i r o v -

n u l i Sinaarsis gamomxatveli sitKvebi.

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia SemovitnoT ìw-

roeba-moklebis~ cneba, rogorc araerTi emociuri Sinaarsis

mniSvnelobisa, romlebic mas miemarTebian rogorc saxeobrivi

cnebebi. sxvagvarad: ìwroeba-moklebis~ Sinaarsi gulisxmobs

uarKofiTi Sinaarsis sitKvaT vels.

adamiani verasdros aGwevs idealur srulKofas, amdenad

n a k l o v a n e b i s grZnoba misi imanenturi Tvisebaa da mara-

diul swrafvaSi amaGlebulisaken avlens Tavis Tavs; magram,

amasTan, adamiani Tavis swrafvas `sicocxlisaken~ Tavisuflebis

konkretuli aqtebis ganxorcielebaSi gamoavlens, rac amaGle-

bulisaken idealuri swrafvis erTi konkretuli aspeqtia. `na-

klovanebis~ grZnoba (is, rac adamianis `guls aklia~) adamianis

SemoqmedebiTi aqtivobis aucilebeli pirobaa.

uarKofiTi emociuri Sinaarsebis sitKvaTvelis gan-

sazGvrisas, Cveni azriT, arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs agreTve ve-

lis wevrTa antonimuri Sinaarsebis Cvenebas, sadac agreTe sis-

temurad dalagdeba dadebiT emociaTa niSniT gaerTianebuli

sitKvebi. es niSani ukve f a r T o e b i s xasiaTs atarebs da

pirovnebis gamTlianebas emsaxureba. am ori Jgufis (ìwroeba-

farToebis~) Sinaarsebi erT dialeqtikur mTlianobas qmnian,

erTmaneTs ganapirobeben: ìwroebis~ Jgufi `farToebis~ Jgufis

gareSe ar moiazreba da piruku. amdenad, eseni erT saerTo

`gulisTqmaTa~ velSi erTiandebian. uarKofiTi emociuri Jgu-

fis Sinaarsebs, rogorc sakontrolo saSualeba, adasturebs

`farToeba-ganvrcobis~ sitKvaTa Jgufi, romlebic dadebiT emo-

ciur Sinaarsebs gadmoscemen.

49

n in in in i n o s on o s on o s on o s o z a Sz a Sz a Sz a S v iv iv iv i l i l i l i l i

amiamiamiamirarararanis etinis etinis etinis etimomomomolololologigigigiis sais sais sais sakikikikiTxiTxiTxiTxisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

gautexel da dasJil gmirTa pleadaSi promeTes upirve-

lesi adgili ukavia. msoflioSi cnobil miJayvul gmirebs So-

ris promeTesTan Tavisi siujetiTa da filosofiuri koncef-

ciiT kavkasionis qedze miJayvuli, uZvelesi warmarTuli qar-

Tuli eposis ,,amiranianis~ mTavari gmiri, kolxuri miTologi-

is GerZi, GmerTTan mebrZoli amirani dgas, romlis saxelTan

dakavSirebuli gadmocemani xnovanebiT berZnul miTze adrinde-

li aGmoCnda. es maradiuli saxeebi damoukidebeli istoriis

mqone mxatvruli oreulebi arian.

amiamiamiamirarararani ni ni ni qarTuli xalxuri eposis gmiris saxelia, romel-

sac mniSvnelobis damaJerebeli axsna ar moepoveba. misgan na-

warmoebia gvarebi: amiamiamiamirarararanaSnaSnaSnaSvivivivilililili, , , , amiamiamiamirarararaninininiZeZeZeZe.

amiranis miTTan dakavSirebuli araerTi hipoTezaa gamo-

Tqmuli; kerZod, epikuri Zeglis aGmocenebisa da ganviTarebis

permanentuloba, Zeglis qristianizaciis Taviseburebani, per-

sonajTa naTesauri kavSiri da a.S. cxadia, sakiTxi Semdgom

kvlevas sayiroebs. aseTTa Soris gveguleba epikuri Zeglis

mTavari gmiris anTroponimis etimologiis sakiTxic.

,,amiran~ anTroponimis agebulebisa da semantikisadmi da-

mokidebuleba mecnierebaSi erTgvaroveni ar aris.

giorgi wereTlis mixedviT, ,,amirani momdinareobs qarTu-

li sitKvidan ,,mere~ _ ,,mereni~, rac ,,mdinare _ mdinareebs~

niSnavs.

niko maris interpretaciiT, saxeli amirani afxazuri

warmoSobisa unda iKos da mis oreuls abrskili hqvia, rac

mzis Svils niSnavs.

naSromSi ganxilulia rostom CxeiZis mosazreba àmiran~

terminis etimologiisaTvis, aseve Zveli berZeni filosofose-

bis cnobebi fazisisa da ,,amarantis~ mTis Sesaxeb.

berZnuli miTologiuri da leqsikologiuri masalebis

50

gacnobam damatebiTi informacia SegvZina, rasac, vfiqrobT, ga-

rkveuli mniSvneloba unda hqondes anTroponim amiamiamiamirarararanis nis nis nis eti-

mologiisaTvis.

berZnuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi ΑΑΑΑµµµµααααρρρρααααννννττττοοοοςςςς _ gan-

martebulia: 1. is, vinc an rac arasodes ar ykneba, ar xmeba,

vinc maradjams axalgazrda da Seubilwavia. 2. is, vinc marad-

jams inaxavs da icavs sakuTar azrsa da miswrafebas, sakuTar

mizans.

berZnul zepirsitKvierebaSi arsebobs simGera mcenareze,

romliTac medeam iazons malamo daumzada. es mcenare ki ama-

rantis mTis mwvervalze amodis.

qarTul, rusul da berZnul filologiur naSromebSi

anTroponim ‘amiranis’ etimologiis Sesaxeb arsebuli sainte-

reso Tvalsazrisebis mixedviT SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom ami-

rani ,,mzis Svilia~, xolo dedamiwa anu ameri ,,mzis sauflo~.

adamianebiT dasaxlebuli samzeo ki amiranis samkvidro _ saa-

mirano, amiraneTi unda iKos. daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba vTqvaT,

rom Tu leqsema ΑΑΑΑµµµµααααρρρρααααννννττττοοοοςςςς amosavalia amiranisaTvis, maSin es

sitKva qarTulidan berZnulSi Sesuli leqsikuri erTeuli un-

da iKos.

m u r m a n s u x i S v i l i

zozozozogigigigiererererTi darTi darTi darTi dargobgobgobgobririririvi tervi tervi tervi termimimiminisnisnisnis qarqarqarqarTveTveTveTvelur Selur Selur Selur SesatKvissatKvissatKvissatKvisTa Ta Ta Ta ZiZiZiZieeeebibibibisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

1. g. mayavarianma Seapirispira megr. f u r a f a `gacxe-

leba; gamowrToba~ da svan. l i f r e `gaxmoba~ (mayavariani,

1965). es SesatKvisoba dafiqsirda h. fenrixisa da z. sarJvela-

Zis `qarTvelur enaTa etimologiur leqsikonSi~ (h. fenrixi,

z. sarJvelaZe, 1990; 2000).

51

vfiqrobT, rom svanuris Sesapirispirebeli zmnuri fuZe

polisemiuria: a f r e àxmobs; yedavs; keravs...~, l e f r e 1.

gasaxmobi, gasaSrobi 2. gamosawrTobi, n a f ˆ r u `gamxmari; na-

wrTobi~, Sdr.: berej lax naf'ru m‰ma li, gaC xola SdˆqiS li

(bz.) `Tu rkina nawrTobi ar aris, dana cudad yris (cudi kbi-

lisaa) [svan. l. 2000]. am zmnuri fuZis semantikuri cvlileba

ase gvesaxeba: gacxeleba (º gaxmoba) > gamowrToba.

albaT SesatKvisobaTa am rigSi unda ganixilebodes aseve

Zveli qarTulis f a r i l i, S e f a r i l e b a:

`netar ars, romeli iglovdes sulisa T‚sisaT‚s mcired-

sa amas jamsa, ra�Ta ara S e a f a r i l o s igi codviTa da

braliTa~ m. sw. 59, 24 (abulaZe, 1973).

z. sarJvelaZe àsketikoni da wmidaTa cxorebanis~ (XIII s.)

mixedviT damowmebul f a r i l o b a � formas ganmartavs ro-

gorc àmogangvlas~ _ àwKa daewKo f a r i l o b a d~ (sarJve-

laZe, 1995). sabasTan f a r i l i ganmartebulia rogorc `baz-

mis muri~ (+ Savi CD), S e i f a r i l a `Seimura~ da a. S.

maSasadame:

qarT. farfarfarfar-, f a r i l i, S e f a r i l e b a, f a r i l o -

b a `Semurva~

megr. furfurfurfur-, f u r a f a `gacxeleba, gamowrToba~

svan. fˆrfˆrfˆrfˆr- a f r e àwrTobs: yedavs; axmobs...~

am dakavSirebisaTvis garkveul sirTules qmnis xmovnis

sakiTxi svanurSi.

2. z i d v a `tvirTva, gazidva, g a w e v a~ (abulaZe,

1970); es mniSvnelobebi SenarCunebulia zmniswinian formebSic

(ganzidva, dazidva, mizidva, mozidva, warzidva, warmozidva), sa-

xelzmnebSic: `dautevnes... sabelni igi g a n z i d u l n i...

(abulaZe, 1970); aseve SenarCunebulia es mniSvnelobebi axal

qarTulSi da meordeba megrulis SesatKvis (h. fenrixi, z. sa-

rJvelaZe 1990; 2000) z i n d u a zmnur fuZeSic: z i d v a,

{ga}weva, yimva, Treva (o. qaJaia, II, 2002). svanurSi saTanado

zmnuri fuZe ar dasturdeba. z i d v a zmnuri leqsemis dar-

gobrivi leqsikisaTvis mikuTvnebis TvalsazrisiT KuradGebas

52

iqcevs s. makalaTias mier damowmebuli Txzuli saxeli z i n -

d i l - v a r C x i l i relig. `vercxlis Zafi~: Jvaridan gamo-

Txovil qalebs saJinJxatod... mohKavdaT JgegeSi cikani da sa-

wirSi mihqondaT z i n d i l - v a r C x i l i... (o. qaJaia, II,

2002). sxvagvari SepirispirebisTvis ix. m. Cuxua 2000-2003, 102.

T e a t eT e a t eT e a t eT e a t e t et et et e l o Sl o Sl o Sl o S v iv iv iv i l il il il i

zozozozogi zmnigi zmnigi zmnigi zmnisarsarsarsarTis umarTis umarTis umarTis umarTeTeTeTebubububulolololo gamoKenegamoKenegamoKenegamoKenebibibibisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

samecniero literaturaSi araerTgzisaa aGniSnuli, rom

pirveladi zmnisarTebi SedarebiT mcirericxovania da ena am

xarvezs saxelisa Tu saxelzmnis iribi brunvis formebiT av-

sebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi brunvis niSnebi sitKvaTmawarmoebeli

afiqsebia. amgvari funqciiT gamoiKeneba saxelTa viTarebiTi

brunvis formac, romelic ZiriTadad gamoxatavs, Tu rogor,

ra viTarebaSi sruldeba (xdeba) moqmedeba (movlena).

amgvaradaa miGebuli, magaliTad, ZviZviZviZviradradradrad zmnisarTi ZviZviZviZviriririri

zedsarTavi saxelisagan an cucucucudaddaddaddad zmnisarTi cucucucudidididi zedsarTavi

saxelisagan.

zogi meoreuli viTarebiTi zmnisarTis brunvisniSniseu-

li Tanxmovani gacveTilia. magaliTad, dabdabdabdabladladladlad >>>> dabdabdabdablalalala CqaCqaCqaCqaradradradrad >>>> CqaCqaCqaCqarararara neneneneladladladlad >>>> nenenenelalalala amave tendenciiT Tanamedrove qarTulis zepir metKvele-

baSi bolo dros gaCnda magmagmagmagrararara forma: magmagmagmagrararara momomomomemememewowowowonananana, , , , magmagmagmagrararara

dadadadaartartartartKKKKaaaa da a. S. aqve aGvniSnavT, rom brunvisniSniseuli Tan-

xmovnis dakargvis tendencia amjamad Sesustebulia, Tumca pa-

ralelurad amoqmedda axali, ufro intensiuri procesi viTa-

rebiT brunvaSi mdgari meoreuli zmnisarTis sanacvlod saxe-

53

lobiTiani formis gamoKenebisa. magaliTad, Zalian xSirad

gvxvdeba ueueueueyyyyvevevevelililili da mamamamagagagagariririri da sxva. zedsarTavi saxelebi zmni-

sarTuli funqciiT, Tumca aqve unda iTqvas, rom xsenebul

formebs uyirT (Tu saerTod SeuZlebeli araa) zmnasTan dakav-

Sireba da warmoadgenen Cveulebriv msazGvrelebs.

Sdr. ueueueueyyyyvevevevelililili sasasasaqmeqmeqmeqme //////// ueueueueyyyyvevevevelililili momomomovivivividadadada; ; ; ; ueueueueyyyyveveveveli Cali Cali Cali Cavavavavababababarebrebrebreb............ mamamamagagagagariririri pupupupuriririri //////// mamamamagagagagariririri momomomomemememewowowowonananana vfiqrobT, amgvari formebi Sinaarss abundovanebs:

pupupupuri mari mari mari magagagagariririri momomomomemememewowowowonananana (orazrovania _ mamamamagagagagariririri purs gan-

sazGvravs, Tu zmnisarTia da gamoxatavs, rom magrad (Zlier)

momewona puri);

sasasasaqme ueqme ueqme ueqme ueyyyyvevevevelililili gamogamogamogamovavavava (bundovania sasasasaqmeaqmeaqmeaqmea ueueueueyyyyvevevevelililili Tu

ueyvelad gamova saqme).

amgvari bundovaneba SeiZleba agvecilebina, Tu gamo-

viKenebdiT meoreul zmnisarTebs:

puri magmagmagmagradradradrad momewona;

saqme ue ue ue ueyyyyveveveveladladladlad gamova.

aqve aGsaniSnavia, rom Tanamedrove qarTulis zepir

metKvelebaSi sitKva mamamamagagagagarisrisrisris gaxSirebuli gamoKeneba konteqsti-

dan da sazGvruli wevris semantikidan gamomdinare zogJer

umarTebuloa. mamamamagagagagariririri zedsarTavi saxelis intensiurma da ara-

miznobrivma xmarebam Sesabamisad gaaxSira misi gamoKeneba zmni-

sarTuli mniSvnelobiTac, bevrJer, rogorc mosalodneli iKo,

umarTebulod. magaliTad, semantikurad SeuTavsebeli da

miuGebeli sitKvaTSexamebebia: magmagmagmagradradradrad momomomomemememewowowowonananana, , , , magmagmagmagrrrradadadad gagagagaaaaalalalala----

mamamamazazazaza da a.S. mamamamagagagagariririri simKaresTan, Gonesa da simtkicesTan dakav-

SirebiT gamoiKeneba (xeli magmagmagmagradradradrad CamovarTvi; kari magrad aris

daketili; orive mxare magmagmagmagradradradrad idga). Jobs amgvar konteqstSi

gamoviKenoT ZliZliZliZlierererer, , , , ZalZalZalZalzezezeze, , , , ZaZaZaZalllliiiianananan: ZliZliZliZlierererer //// ZaZaZaZalilililianananan momomomomemememewowowowonananana;;;;

ZaZaZaZalilililianananan gagagagaaaaalalalalamamamamazazazaza da a.S., radgan ZliZliZliZlierererer, , , , ZaZaZaZalilililianananan, , , , ZalZalZalZalzezezeze aGma-

tebulobis asociacias qmnis da mianiSnebs moqmedebis metad,

friad maGal xarisxSi Sesrulebaze.

rac Seexeba, zemoxsenebul mmmmagagagagrararara formas, aGsaniSnavia,

rom misi aGreva (zmnisarTia Tu msazGvreli) ar xdeba. Tumca,

54

vfiqrobT, am fuZesTan brunvis niSnis cveTis procesi araa da-

srulebuli, radgan paralelurad, da ufro intensiuradac,

gamoiKeneba misi brunvisniSanSenarCunebuli varianti. Kovelive

es gvafiqrebinebs, rom magmagmagmagrararara formis daSveba, Tundac, rogorc

paraleluri variantisa, am etapze naadrevia, xoxoxoxololololo sasasasaxexexexelolololobiTbiTbiTbiT brunbrunbrunbrunvavavavaSiSiSiSi mdgamdgamdgamdgariririri sasasasaxexexexelelelelebisbisbisbis ( ( ( (mamamamagagagagariririri, , , , ueueueueyyyyvevevevelililili ddddaaaa sxvsxvsxvsxv.) .) .) .) zmnizmnizmnizmni----sarsarsarsarTuTuTuTulililili mniSmniSmniSmniSvnevnevnevnelolololobiTbiTbiTbiT gamogamogamogamoKKKKeneeneeneenebabababa ____ uguuguuguugulelelelebelbelbelbelsasasasaKKKKofiofiofiofi, , , , radradradrad----gangangangan sitsitsitsitKKKKvisvisvisvis zmnizmnizmnizmnisarsarsarsarTuTuTuTulililili mniSmniSmniSmniSvnevnevnevnelolololobabababa iCiCiCiCrdirdirdirdilelelelebabababa ( ( ( (TuTuTuTu sasasasaerererer----TodTodTodTod arararar ikarikarikarikargegegegebabababa). ). ). ). amamamamgvargvargvargvar forforforformamamamaTaTaTaTa wiwiwiwinanananadadadadadedededebabababaSiSiSiSi ararararsesesesebobobobobabababa qmnisqmnisqmnisqmnis orazorazorazorazrovrovrovrovnenenenebibibibisasasasa TuTuTuTu bunbunbunbundodododovavavavanenenenebisbisbisbis sasasasafuZfuZfuZfuZvelsvelsvelsvels....

r o sr o sr o sr o s t o m f at o m f at o m f at o m f a r er er er e uuuu l il il il i Z eZ eZ eZ e

zmnur fuzmnur fuzmnur fuzmnur fuZeZeZeZeTa SeTa SeTa SeTa SedadadadarerererebibibibiTi anaTi anaTi anaTi analilililizi nazi nazi nazi naxurxurxurxurSiSiSiSi.... IIIIIIII. . . . wowowowovavavava----TuTuTuTuSuSuSuSuri dari dari dari dacacacacan n n n `̀̀̀TibTibTibTibvavavava" :" :" :" : CeCCeCCeCCeCnunununuri cari cari cari cana na na na `̀̀̀sasasasaTiTiTiTibibibibi""""1111

wova-TuSurSi qarTul "Tibva"-s SeesatKviseba dadadadacacacacannnn. . . . dadadada----

cacacacannnn gardamavali zmnaa. magaliTebi wova-TuSuridan:

glexev savsavayn™ dajar GiGnev dacor

"glexi xasxasa balaxs (saZovars) GiGiniT Tibavda" (qada-

giZe, 1984).

kaZig balax dewes dacan

cota balaxi unda movTibo" (miqelaZe, 1978, 72).

imave enaSi mimGeoba dadadadacucucucuJnŒŒŒŒ "saTibi", "mTibavi" dadadadacacacacannnn

zmnis fuZisagan aris nawarmoebi. "saTibis", "mTibavis" garCeva

wova-TuSurSi konteqstis mixedviT aris SesaZlebeli.

wova-TuSuris dadadadacacacacannnn zmnas, dadadadacucucucujnnnnŒŒŒŒ mimGeobas unda ukav-

Sirdebodes CeCnuri cacacacanananana, inguSuri conconconcon. "cana", "con" CeCnur-

inguSurSi arsebiTi saxelia da niSnavs "saTibs", "gasaTib ad-

1 pirveli werili daibeyda krebulSi `saenaTmecniero Ziebani~.

t. XIV, Tb., 2003.

55

gils". aseTi adgili, Cveulebriv, daculia, aqvs Gobe an hKavs

Karauli.

zmnuri forma dadadadacacacacannnn, romelic wova-TuSurSia warmod-

genili, CeCnur-inguSurSi ar iZebneba, rogorc Cans, dakargu-

lia. "Tibva" orive am enaSi aGweriTad iwarmoeba. Sdr.:

mangal h$aƒan (CeCnuri), mangal h$aƒa (inguSuri)

am sintagmebSi manmanmanmangal gal gal gal "cels" niSnavs, hhhh$$$$aaaaƒƒƒƒaaaannnn, , , , hhhh$$$$aaaaƒƒƒƒaaaa (naza-

lobis moSliT inguSurSi) - "mosmas". maSasadame, sitKvasitKvi-

Ti Targmani iqneba: celis mosma (= Tibva). Sdr., agreTve: mars mars mars mars

hhhh$$$$aaaaƒƒƒƒaaaannnn "mka", sadac marsmarsmarsmars aris "namgali", e. i. "namglis mosma",

"mka".

cacacacana na na na ((((conconconcon)))) "saTibi" igive forma Cans, rac wova-TuSuri

dadadadacucucucujnnnnŒŒŒŒ, e. i. cana warmoSobiT mimGeobaa: CeCnur-inguSurSi

amosavali zmnuri forma daikarga, misgan nawarmoebi mimGeoba

SemogvrCa. cacacacana na na na ((((conconconcon)))) amosavali zmnuri formis uqonlobis

gamo arsebiT saxelad iqca, gasubstantivda. garda amisa, CeC-

nur-inguSurSi dakargulia prefiqsuli gramatikuli klasis

niSani d- momdevno xmovniTurT: cana < da-cana.

"mTibavi" CeCnurSi aris manmanmanmangalx…Œgalx…Œgalx…Œgalx…Œ, romelic ase daiSle-

ba: manmanmanmangal gal gal gal "celi" + x…x…x…x…ŒŒŒŒ (xelobis mawarmoebeli sufiqsi).

Sdr., agreTve: jazdar "wera" + x…Œ x…Œ x…Œ x…Œ "mwerali"; hhhh$$$$jeeeexarxarxarxar "swavle-

ba" + x…Œx…Œx…Œx…Œ "maswavlebeli" da misT.

zemoT dadadadacucucucujnnnnŒŒŒŒ mimGeobis Sesaxeb iTqva, rom igi gamoxa-

tavs rogorc "saTibs", ise "mTibavs". aseTi formebi qarTulSi

gvaris mixedviT aris garCeuli. CeCnur-inguSurSi iseTive viTa-

reba gvaqvs, rac wova-TuSurSi:

mangal h$…oƒu (sTag) "mTibavi" (kaci, adamiani)

mangal h$…oƒu (cana) "saTibi" (adgili, farTobi)

an: Œxu (ƒa) "saxnavi" (ezo, nakveTi)

Œxu (sTag) "mxvneli" (kaci, adamiani)...

qarTulSi "Tibva" fuZesTan aris dakavSirebuli "Tiva"

(Sdr., megruli "Tibi"). naxur enebSi sxva viTareba gvaqvs. "Ti-

56

vis" aGmniSvneli leqsema samive enaSi sxva fuZea, kerZod: jjjj…ol …ol …ol …ol

(CeCnur-inguSuri), jjjjolololol (wova-TuSuri). rogorc Cans, igi saer-

Tonaxuri fuZea, naxuri fuZe-enis kuTvnileba. safiqrebelia,

rom Zveli nasesxobac iKos naxur fuZe-enaSi.

am fuZes erTi Tavisebureba axasiaTebs: brunebisas ikar-

geba Tavkiduri jjjj bgera, xolo …o …o …o …o difTongi (an o o o o monofTongi

wova-TuSurSi) gadadis aaaa-Si. Sdr., CeCnuri:

sax. j…ol

naT. Šlan (< ‰lin)

mic. ‰lana

erg. ‰l…Œ...

CeCnuri: ‰lax aTTa wje ljeTa

wova-TuSuri: alax ata�S˜ we leTe

"Tivas advilad cecxli ekideba (xolme)"

maSasadame, CeCnur-inguSuri arsebiTi saxeli cacacacanananana, , , , conconconcon

"saTibi" ukavSirdeba wovaTuSur dadadadacacacacannnn, dadadadacucucucujnnnnŒ Œ Œ Œ formebs da

warmoadgens gasubstantivebul mimGeobas. sakvlevia jjjj…ol …ol …ol …ol || || || ||

joljoljoljol "Tiva" leqsemis warmomavloba.

literatura

qaqaqaqadadadadagigigigiZe dZe dZe dZe d...., , , , qaqaqaqadadadadagigigigiZe nZe nZe nZe n., wova-TuSur-qarTul-rusuli

leqsikoni. Tb., 1984.

mimimimiqeqeqeqelalalalaZe mZe mZe mZe m...., interferentuli procesebi bacbur enaSi

(sad. naSromi filol. mecn. kand. sam. xarisxis mosapoveblad.

manqanaze nabeydi). Tb., 1978.

57

n an an an a T i a f u tT i a f u tT i a f u tT i a f u t k ak ak ak a r ar ar ar a Z eZ eZ eZ e

aaaa----RRRR----thththth----, , , , aaaa----RRRR----uuuu----thththth da oda oda oda o----RRRR----(Th)(Th)(Th)(Th)----uuuu----an struqan struqan struqan struqtutututurisrisrisris zogi zogi zogi zogi zmnzmnzmnzmnaaaa me me me megrulgrulgrulgrulSiSiSiSi

bolo periodSi samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli

mosazrebis Tanaxmad, `makankalebs~ tipis zmnebi III diaTezis II

tipSi erTiandeba; kerZod, zmnaTa es Jgufi miGebulia I sruli

diaTezisgan piris klebiT, "sadac moTxrobiTSi dasmuli saxe-

li moqmedebis agensia, makauzirebeli piria - aqtiuri subieq-

tia, xolo moqmedebas ganicdis pirdapiri obieqti. amitom

cnobierebaSi moTxrobiTSi dasmuli piri ikargeba da rCeba mi-

cemiTSi dasmuli piri, romelsac realurad mosdis raime mo-

qmedeba" (d. meliqiSvili, 2001, gv. 239); mag.:

makankalebs is me → makankalebs me

msgavsi zmnebi uneblie moqmedebas gamoxataven, radganac

"micemiTSi dasmuli piri (aqtanti) pasiuri nebis mqone realu-

ri subieqtia"; amitomacaa, rom "piris daklebis Semdeg darCe-

nili micemiTSi dasmuli piri (Kofili morfologiuri obieq-

ti), wesisamebr mmmm-s rigis prefiqsiTaa gamoxatuli" (d. meli-

qiSvili, iqve).

rogoria am zmnaTa struqtura megrulSi?

megrulSi, iseve rogorc saliteraturo qarTulSi am

tipis zmnaTa dativSi dasmuli saxeli manis rigis prefiqsiTaa

gamoxatuli da subieqtis funqcias asrulebs.: mmmm----akanakanakanakankakakakalens lens lens lens

`makankalebs~, gggg----oCioCioCioCioooonanananafufufufuansansansans `gamTqnarebs~...

saliteraturo qarTulis msgavsad, megrulSic III diaTe-

zis II tipis zmnaTa raodenoba SezGudulia; maT warmovadgenT

sami ZiriTadi Jgufis saxiT:

1. a-R-Th- Kalibis formebi (megrul formebs salitera-

turo enisgan ganasxvavebs mxolod saxecvlili Tema-

turi niSani):

maeyv-eb-s - mamamamaeeeeyyyyvvvv-enenenen-ssss: mag., Ti kos mu aeyvens? `im kacs ra

aeyvebs?~

58

2. a-R-u-Th- Kalibis is formebi, romelTac udasturde-

baT aGweriTi variantebic: (maZagZagebs [sicivisgan])

m-a-JgarJgal-u-af-u(n); Sdr., aGweriTi warmoeba: Jgar-

JJJJgalqgalqgalqgalq gegegege-mmmm-ioioioiolulululu. `kankali damewKo~, sitKvasitKviT

`kankalma amivarda~.

3. o-R-(Th)-u-an Kalibis formebi: (ra) `m-a-cin-eb-s~ .

Sdr., (mu) m-o-Zicin-u-an-s (// moZicu); mag., mu oZici-

nuans Ti kos? /`ra acinebs im kacs?~/;

sxva magaliTi: `oooo----kraskraskraskraskakakaka----((((aaaa))))ffff----uuuu----anananan----ssss~ /aGebvinebs (`Tva-

lebs aGebvinebs~); Sdr., mu okmu okmu okmu okrasrasrasraskakakakafufufufuans Te Zans Te Zans Te Zans Te ZGGGGabisabisabisabis?

(`{netav} ra aGebvinebs (axatvinebs am gogos Tva-

lebs?~).

a-R-Th- struqturis zmnebisgan gansxvavebiT,

o-R-(Th)-u-an Kalibis zmnebs megrulSi -ebebebeb Temis niSnis

fard -afafafaf-s emateba -uuuu-anananan sufiqsi, romelic o-prefiqsTan

erTad kauzativis gagebas sZens zmnas. gansxvaveba salite-

raturo qarTulsa da megruls Soris aSkarad meoreu-

lia, vinaidan, rogorc cnobilia, qarTuli -eb Temis ni-

Sanic a- xmovan prefiqsTan erTad istoriulad swored

kauzativis mawarmoebelia.

unda aGiniSnos, mamamamakankankankankakakakalebslebslebslebs tipis zmnebi mwkrivnaklia

da inversiuli SinaarsiT mxolod I da II seris mwkrivebi ewar-

moeba (asevea saliteraturo qarTulSic).

SeiZleba davaskvnaT:

"makankalebs" tipis zmnebis struqtura Tvisobrivad er-

Tgvaria samwignobro qarTul enasa da megrulSi, Tumca auci-

lebelia dasavluri dialeqtebis monacemebis gaTvaliswineba,

rasac vfiqrobT momavalSi.

59

z e zz e zz e zz e z v av av av a q a v q a v q a v q a v T aT aT aT a r ar ar ar a Z eZ eZ eZ e

sasasasaTeTeTeTemo gvamo gvamo gvamo gvariririridan dan dan dan _ _ _ _ gvargvargvargvarsasasasaxexexexelalalalamdemdemdemde

2005 wels arn. Ciqobavas sakiTxavebSi dabeydil statiaSi

warmovadgineT Cveni mosazreba fSavSi gvarsaxelebis CamoKali-

bebis TaviseburebaTa Sesaxeb.

mokled am Tvalsazrisis Sesaxeb: fSavSi odiTganve arse-

bobda TerTmeti saTemo gvari, romlebic iKofoda mamiSvilo-

bebad. am mamiSvilobaTagan uZvelesia mkvidmkvidmkvidmkvidririririssss da agreTve momomomo----

susususullllis is is is _ _ _ _ SemoSemoSemoSemoxizxizxizxiznunununulislislislis is mamiSviloba, romelic pirvelad

Cndeba saTemo gvarSi. mas pirobiTad TavTavTavTavdadadadapirpirpirpirvevevevelllliiii ma ma ma mamiSmiSmiSmiSvivivivi----

lolololobabababa vuwodeT. es mamiSvilobebi mudmivad iKofodnen axal ma-

miSvilobebad. istoriul-eTnografiuli masalebis safuZvelze

met-naklebad aGdgeba gvargvargvargvarsasasasaxexexexelislislislis wina ori mamiSvilobad da-

Kofa. maT pirobiTad pirpirpirpirvel mavel mavel mavel mamiSmiSmiSmiSvivivivilolololobad dabad dabad dabad daKoKoKoKofa fa fa fa da me me me meoooore re re re

mamamamamiSmiSmiSmiSvivivivilolololobad dabad dabad dabad daKoKoKoKofa fa fa fa vuwodeT.

rac Seexeba gvargvargvargvarsasasasaxelsxelsxelsxels, igi SeiZleba momdinareobdes sasasasa----TeTeTeTemo gvamo gvamo gvamo gvariririridadadadanacnacnacnac, , , , TavTavTavTavdadadadapirpirpirpirveveveveli mali mali mali mamiSmiSmiSmiSvivivivilolololobis sabis sabis sabis saxexexexelilililidadadadanac nac nac nac da pir pir pir pirvel vel vel vel da me me me meoooore mare mare mare mamiSmiSmiSmiSvivivivilolololobad dabad dabad dabad daKoKoKoKofis fis fis fis saxelidanac....

amrigad, Cven, am procesis naTlad warmosadgenad, piro-

biTad, gamovKaviT xuTi safexuri: I- saTemo gvari, II- Tavdapir-

veli mamiSviloba, III- pirveli mamiSvilobad daKofa, IV- meore

mamiSvilobad daKofa, V- gvarsaxeli.

statias nimuSis saxiT darTuli hqonda sqema, romelic

gogolaurTa saTemo gvaridan gvarsaxelTa TandaTanobiT Camo-

Kalibebis suraTs gviCvenebda. Semdgomi muSaobisa da istori-

ul-eTnografiuli masalebis SeJerebis safuZvelze warmovad-

genT danarCeni fSauri saTemo gvarebidan gvarsaxelTa CamoKa-

libebis sqematur suraTs.

60

l i a q al i a q al i a q al i a q a r or or or o s as as as a n in in in i Z eZ eZ eZ e

SeSeSeSesasasasamomomomoseseseselis alis alis alis aGGGGmniSmniSmniSmniSvnevnevnevneli zoli zoli zoli zogi tergi tergi tergi termimimiminisnisnisnis isisisistotototoririririiiiisasasasaTvis qarTvis qarTvis qarTvis qarTulTulTulTulSiSiSiSi

1111)))) anaanaanaanafofofoforararara berZnul saeklesio terminologiur leqsikonebSi termi-

ni anaanaanaanafofofofora ra ra ra (! A n a fora v, ! A gi va ! A n a fora v `wminda Sesawiravi~) ewo-

deba liturgiis nawils, romelic iwKeba sitKvebiT: `vsdgeT ke-

Tilad, vsdgeT SiSiT, moxede wmidasa amas SeSeSeSesasasasawiwiwiwiravravravravsasasasa, , , , mSvido-

biT Sewirvadsa~ _ S t w÷m en ka l w ÷" . s tw÷m en m e ta ; f ovb ou : p ros c w÷m en :

th;n a j gi va n ! A n a fo raA n a fo raA n a fo raA n a fo ra v ejn ei jr hvn h/ p ros fev rei n . anaanaanaanafofofoforararara, anu SeSeSeSesasasasawiwiwiwirarararavivivivi,,,, evqaristiuli kanonia, romelic

liturgiis ZiriTad nawils warmoadgens da `mrwamsis~ galobis

Semdeg iwKeba. anaforas centraluri nawilia ZGvenis amaGleba

trapezidan.

qarTulSi terminma anaanaanaanafofofoforamramramram berZnulisagan gansxvavebu-

li mniSvnelobebi SeiZina: anafora aGniSnavs Sesamosels, ker-

Zod, mGvdlis KoveldGiur samoss, rasac berZnulad dGes

R a vs o-s uwodeben (Sdr. rus. оооо).

rogorc Cans, korneli kekeliZis varauds eKrdnobian ax-

laxan gamosuli marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis Semdgenle-

bi. enciklopediaSi anaanaanaanafofofoforararara samosis mniSvnelobiT asea ganmar-

tebuli: `samGvdelo farTo samoseli, sinanulisa da morCile-

bis gamomxatveli. samoslis saxelwodeba miuTiTebs, rom misi

matarebeli asrulebs usisxlo msxverplis aGvlenas~.

sulxan-saba orbelianis ganmartebiT, anafora: `zeda mi-

marTad iTqmis (ese igi zeda mimarT). niko CubinaSvili ki

vrclad ganmartavs termins: `anafora _ samGvdeloTa zeidam

sacmeli saxlebganieri palekarti оооо, ! A p a n w f ovri , ! A p a n wfov r-

hm a , xolo ! A n a fo ra v niSnavs moxsenebasa, Txovasa, ооооооооо,

оооооооо.

maSasadame, niko CubinaSvilis ganmartebiT, qarTulSi sa-

mosis mniSvnelobiT damkvidrebuli sitKva anafora momdinare-

obs ara sitKvisagan ! A n a fora v, aramed _ ! A p a n wfovri ,

61

! A p a n wfovr hm a. windebulebi a jp a vn w || ejp a vn w enacvleba erTmaneTs

berZnulSi. dGes am sitKvas ufro ase xmaroben: ejp a n w fovri an

p a n wfovri , rac `zeda samoss~, `mosasxams~, `paltos~ niSnavs.

anafora mosasxamia, zemodan mosacmeli. arsebobs Txeli

da daTbiluli, Salis nayrisagan Sekerili, igive palto. Cveni

azriT, niko CubinaSvilis Tvalsazrisi sruliad damaJerebelia

miuxedavad imisa, rom JerJerobiT ver mivakvlieT wKaros, ro-

melsac eKrdnoba igi.

2222) ) ) ) bebebebededededeninininikikikiki termini bedeniki ise, rogorc am sitKviT aGniSnuli niv-

Ti rusuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis gavleniT Cndeba qar-

TulSi. sxva marTlmadideblur eklesiebSi msgavsi Sesamoseli

ar arsebobs. enqeris msgavsad bedenikic rombis formis oTxku-

Txa qsovilia, Jvris gamosaxulebiT da simbolurad isic suli-

eri maxvilis aGmniSvnelia. ikideba sartKelze. rusi sasulie-

ro pirebi bedeniksa da enqers xSirad erTad atareben.

rusuli terminis ооооооооооо-is aGsaniSnavad ori termi-

ni ixmareba qarTulSi: ssssaaaagvergvergvergverdededede da rusuli terminis gamar-

tivebuli forma bebebebededededeninininikikikiki.

mmmm eeee d e ad e ad e ad e a GGGG l o nl o nl o nl o n t it it it i

sitKvasitKvasitKvasitKva `̀̀̀leqleqleqleqsisisisikon qarkon qarkon qarkon qarTulTulTulTulsasasasa~ ~ ~ ~ dadadada `̀̀̀sibsibsibsibrZne sicrZne sicrZne sicrZne sicrurururuiiiisasasasaSiSiSiSi~~~~

`leqsikon qarTulSi~, sitKuissitKuissitKuissitKuis saleqsikono budeSi,

sulxan-saba orbeliani ganmartavs: 1111.... sitsitsitsitKvis raKvis raKvis raKvis raoooobasbasbasbas, 2222. . . .

sitKvis gamositKvis gamositKvis gamositKvis gamoTqmis ragTqmis ragTqmis ragTqmis ragvavavavarorororobasbasbasbas da 3333. . . . sitKvisitKvisitKvisitKvieeeeri gadmori gadmori gadmori gadmocecececemis mis mis mis

stilsstilsstilsstils, rac `sibrZne sicruisaSi~ mxatvrulad warmoCndeba::::

1111. . . . sitKvissitKvissitKvissitKvis raobis ganmartebisas sulxan-saba Tavis leqsi-

62

konSi brZanebs: `sitKva sitKva sitKva sitKva ewodebis erTsa sitKvasa (sitKvaTa)

TqmulTa sibrZniTa TvisiTa~. igi gulisxmobs sakuTriv

sitKvis sitKvis sitKvis sitKvis dabadebas, qmnadobas, romlis pirvelmizezad dasaxele-

bulia sibsibsibsibrZnerZnerZnerZne.

sitKvis sitKvis sitKvis sitKvis raobis amgvari kvalifikaciiT warmoaCenilia

sitKvissitKvissitKvissitKvis Tavdapirveli bunebiTi Tviseba, romelic aris sib sib sib sib----

rZnerZnerZnerZne, , , , viTarca sitKvissitKvissitKvissitKvis GvTaebrivi beyedi. sitKuissitKuissitKuissitKuis saleqsiko-

no budis dasawKisSive qarTveli leqsikografi swored amis

dasturad imowmebs pirveli Tavis pirvel muxls wmida ioanes

saxarebidan: `pirveliTgan iKo sitKua�, da sitKua� igi iKo

GmrTisa Tana, GmerTi iKo sitKua� igi~ (ioane 1, 1). friad sa-

gulisxmod aris naCvenebi, rom amgvari damowmebiT sulxan-sabas

mier sagangebod moiniSneba sitKvis `zeaGmatebuli~, logosuri

Sinaarsi (revaz siraZe).

amave saleqsikono budeSi erT sitKvas erT sitKvas erT sitKvas erT sitKvas sulxan-saba mramramramra----

val sitKvasval sitKvasval sitKvasval sitKvasTan Tan Tan Tan apirispirebs: `xolo mravalTa sitKvaTa [ewo-

debis] lalalalapapapapararararakikikiki~~~~. mramramramravavavavali sitKviTli sitKviTli sitKviTli sitKviT igulisxmeba sitKvaTa momomomo----

qmeqmeqmeqmededededebbbbaaaa, anu SesitKveba, sitKva-migeba. lalalalapapapapararararakiskiskiskis garda, ganmar-

tebulia sitKva-migebis gamomxatveli aTeulze meti leqsikuri

erTeuli: sasasasauuuubabababariririri, , , , aleraleraleralersisisisi, , , , papapapasusususuxixixixi, , , , CurCurCurCurCuCuCuCulililili, , , , cuncuncuncundrudrudrudrukikikiki, , , , CurCurCurCurCnaCnaCnaCna, , , , babababaqiqiqiqi, , , , titititititititinininini, , , , tartartartartatatatariririri, , , , tatatatararararatutututurararara, , , , TqTqTqTqma ma ma ma ((((etKodaetKodaetKodaetKoda, , , , hqvahqvahqvahqva)))), , , , asasasaswawawawavavavava....

asasasaswawawawavavavava amaTgan erTaderTia, romlis ganmartebaSi, raobas-

Tan erTad, sagangebod moiniSneba sitKvissitKvissitKvissitKvis daniSnuleba: `asasasaswawawawavavavava _

ra sitKviTa keTilTa gzaTa aCvenebdes~. sulxan-sabasTvis swavswavswavswav----

lislislislis (swavlebis) umTavresi mizani keTilTan ziarebaa, kekekekeTiTiTiTili li li li

gzisgzisgzisgzis sitKviT CvesitKviT CvesitKviT CvesitKviT Cvenenenenebaabaabaabaa, romlis drosac sitKva sitKva sitKva sitKva saSualebaa, ke-

Tilisaken wamKvanebelia, kekekekeTilTilTilTilTa gzaTa gzaTa gzaTa gzaTaTaTaTa gamkvalavia.

`leqsikon qarTulSi~ sitKvissitKvissitKvissitKvis daniSnulebaze aseve gamax-

vilebulia KuradGeba Semdeg leqsikur erTeulTa ganmartebe-

biT _ swavswavswavswavlalalala, , , , wurwurwurwurTaTaTaTa, , , , wvrTawvrTawvrTawvrTa, , , , mcnemcnemcnemcnebabababa da igaigaigaigavivivivi. am saleqsikono

ganmartebiTi korpusiT sulxan-saba gvmoZGvravs: swavswavswavswavlelelelebabababa ma-

Sin aris naKofieri da saTno, roca keTil gzaze gviTiTeben,

keTils gvaswavlian da kekekekeTilTilTilTilsasasasa zezezezedadadada gvamkvidreben. ramdena-

dac qarTveli leqsikografisTvis sakuTriv sitKvis bunebiTi

63

Tviseba sibrZnea (`Tqmulia sibrZniTa TvisiTa~), kekekekeTilTilTilTilSiSiSiSi, , , , kekekeke----

TilTilTilTilsa zesa zesa zesa zeda dada dada dada damkvidmkvidmkvidmkvidrerererebabababaSi Si Si Si igi sibsibsibsibrZnesrZnesrZnesrZnesTan ziTan ziTan ziTan ziaaaarerererebasbasbasbas unda gu-

lisxmobdes.

meore mxriv, Tavisi ubadlo igavuri gamocana-saTauriT _

`sibrZne sicruisa~ _ sulxan-saba mkiTxvels aiZulebs, Caukvir-

des sibsibsibsibrZnirZnirZnirZniTa TviTa TviTa TviTa TvisisisisiTa Ta Ta Ta gamoTqmul sitKvas, romelic man sicru-

iT, anu mxatvrul-igavuri samosiT warmoaCina. igaigaigaigavuvuvuvuri ri ri ri samosiT

Semkuli sitKva sitKva sitKva sitKva `sibrZne sicruisaSi~ sasasasakuTkuTkuTkuTriv sitKvis riv sitKvis riv sitKvis riv sitKvis (saleq-

sikono erTeulis) bunebiT Tvisebas (sibrZnes) mxatvrulad gaa-

cxadebs da gvarwmunebs, rom mmmmxatxatxatxatvruvruvruvruli sitKvis Tqmis sibli sitKvis Tqmis sibli sitKvis Tqmis sibli sitKvis Tqmis sib----rZnec kerZnec kerZnec kerZnec keTilTilTilTilTan ziTan ziTan ziTan ziaaaarerererebaabaabaabaa, , , , rarararamemememeTu TaTu TaTu TaTu Tavad sitKvis buvad sitKvis buvad sitKvis buvad sitKvis bunenenenebibibibiTi Ti Ti Ti TviTviTviTvisesesesebaa sibbaa sibbaa sibbaa sibrZnerZnerZnerZne, , , , rorororomemememelic kelic kelic kelic keTiTiTiTilia Talia Talia Talia Tavivivivisi arsi arsi arsi arsiTsiTsiTsiT....

2222.... am Tezas meigave sulxan-saba sagangebod aviTarebs ara-

kiT `cru da umecari~, romelSic mxatvruli leqsikur-semanti-

kuri erTeuliT sasasasamemememefo sitKva fo sitKva fo sitKva fo sitKva sitKvis Tqmis ragvarobas gaa-

cxadebs: sitKva sitKva sitKva sitKva da sitKvis TqmasitKvis TqmasitKvis TqmasitKvis Tqma imitom aris sasasasamemememefofofofo, rom igi

brZnulad, keTilad iTqmis.

`sibrZne sicruisaSi~ sitKvissitKvissitKvissitKvis TqmisTqmisTqmisTqmis ragragragragvavavavarorororobisbisbisbis SesaniS-

navi mxatvruli TvalsaCinoebaa e.w. samefo karis zneobrivi ko-

deqsi _`vazirTa wesi~ da `mefisa Tana mKofTa~ wesebi, rom-

lebSic sitKvis brZnulad da keTilad Tqmis ragvaroba Semdegi

maxasiaTeblebiT aGibeydeba: sitKvsitKvsitKvsitKvis Tqmis jais Tqmis jais Tqmis jais Tqmis jamimimimi, , , , sitKvis drositKvis drositKvis drositKvis dro----uuuulad Tqmalad Tqmalad Tqmalad Tqma, , , , sitKvis mositKvis mositKvis mositKvis mosmesmesmesmenananana----gagagagagogogogonenenenebabababa, , , , sitKvis SesitKvis SesitKvis SesitKvis Senaxnaxnaxnaxvavavava, , , , sitKvis Tqmis sasitKvis Tqmis sasitKvis Tqmis sasitKvis Tqmis sargebrgebrgebrgeblilililiaaaanonononobabababa, , , , sitKvis SemositKvis SemositKvis SemositKvis Semowmewmewmewmebabababa, , , , sitKvis sitKvis sitKvis sitKvis tkbitkbitkbitkbilad Tqmalad Tqmalad Tqmalad Tqma, , , , sasasasaaaaamo sitKvamo sitKvamo sitKvamo sitKva....

sitKvis keTilad Tqmis ragvaroba `sibrZne sicruisaSi~

aseve warmoCndeba sam aTeulze meti leqsikur-semantikuri er-

TeuliT, romelTa meoxebiT sulxan-saba mxatvrulad aGbeydavs

sitKvis Tqmis sibsitKvis Tqmis sibsitKvis Tqmis sibsitKvis Tqmis sibrZnerZnerZnerZnesasasasa da sitKvis brZnusitKvis brZnusitKvis brZnusitKvis brZnulad Tqmislad Tqmislad Tqmislad Tqmis ostato-

bas. TvalSi sacemia am leqsikur erTeulTa ganKofa sikeTe-sia-

visa da sibrZne-siveragis niSniT: kekekekeTilTilTilTilsitKvasitKvasitKvasitKvaooooba ba ba ba keTilad

Tqmaa, sibrZnis Semcveli sitKvis Tqmaa, avavavavsitKvasitKvasitKvasitKvaooooba ba ba ba ki mxolod

siavesa da borotebas amkvidrebs kacTa Soris.

msgavsad amisa, `leqsikon qarTulSi~ sulxan-saba Cveuli

sizustiTa da lakoniurobiT warmoaCens mramramramravavavavali sitKvisli sitKvisli sitKvisli sitKvis

64

(resp. metKvelebis) Koveli konkretuli saxeobis uarsebiTes

maxasiaTebels, romelic am saxeobis ganumeoreblobas usvams

xazs.

leqsikonSi sulxan-saba sitKvis gamoTqmis ragvarobas ki-

dev erTi maxasiaTebliT warmoaCens da erTmaneTisgan ganasxva-

vebs xmoxmoxmoxmovan sitKvas van sitKvas van sitKvas van sitKvas da SiSiSiSinanananagan mdegan mdegan mdegan mdebabababarererere sitKvassitKvassitKvassitKvas: `ganiKofebis

sitKviereba� sulisa� Sinagan mdebarisa sitKvisa da ƒmovanisa

mimarT~.

wmida ioane damaskelis `gardamocemaze~ daKrdnobiT, qar-

Tveli leqsokografi safuZvlianad aanalizebs orive saxeobis

sitKvisgebas.

xmoxmoxmoxmovavavavani ni ni ni (igive warmowarmowarmowarmoCeCeCeCeninininilililili) sitKvi sitKvi sitKvi sitKvisasasasagan gan gan gan gansxvavebiT, Si Si Si Si----

nanananagan mdegan mdegan mdegan mdebabababare sitKvare sitKvare sitKvare sitKva (igive SiSiSiSiganganganganmdemdemdemdebabababare sitKvare sitKvare sitKvare sitKva, , , , gangangangangugugugulililili----

sitKvasitKvasitKvasitKva, , , , SeSeSeSegugugugulilililisitKvasitKvasitKvasitKva) _ gauxmovanebelia, warmouTqmelia. igi

sulxan-sabas mier ganisazGvreba viTarca `moZraoba sulisa�~,

romelic aris `ganmsitKvelobiTsa Zalsa Sina qmnili. gangangangan----

msimsimsimsitKvetKvetKvetKvelolololobiTbiTbiTbiT ZaZaZaZalalalalaSiSiSiSi, cxadia, suliwmidis Zalisxmeva igulis-

xmeba, romlis meoxebiTac fiqrsa Tu sizmarSi mdumared vezra-

xebiT xolme sakuTar Tavs.

3333.... Tavis leqsikonSi sulxan-saba orbeliani sagangebod

warmoadgens xmoxmoxmoxmovavavavannnni sitKvis i sitKvis i sitKvis i sitKvis sam `mzraxvelobiT~ saxeobas:

`uaGresTaTvis~ gankuTvnili zeS zeS zeS zeSTa sitKvaTa sitKvaTa sitKvaTa sitKva,,,, romelic dGevande-

li mwignobruli, akademiuri (weriTi Tu zepiri) metKvelebis

SesatKvisia; swoswoswoswori sitKvari sitKvari sitKvari sitKva, gankuTvnili `moKvasTaTvis~, anu

KoveldGiuri, Sinauruli metKveleba; da dadadadamxe sitKvamxe sitKvamxe sitKvamxe sitKva,,,, gan-

kuTvnili `ƒelqveSeTaTvis~, anu mdabioTa saurTierTo ena,

mdare metKvelebis SesatKvisi.

samive saxeobiT qarTveli leqsikografi xmo xmo xmo xmovavavavani sitKvisni sitKvisni sitKvisni sitKvis

gadmogadmogadmogadmocecececemismismismis stistististilislislislis nairgvarobas warmogvidgens. `sibrZne sic-

ruisaTvis~ meigave sulxan-sabam arCevani SeaCera swo swo swo swori ri ri ri

sitKvissitKvissitKvissitKvis stilze, romelic maGalmxatvruli ostatobiT aris

Sezavebuli zeSzeSzeSzeSTa sitKvisTa sitKvisTa sitKvisTa sitKvis stilTan. amas mowmobs rogorc

sitKva-migebisa da dialogebis mxatvrul-igavuri gamiznuloba,

aseve avtoriseuli mxatvrul-igavuri miniSnebebis paraleluri

65

gamoKeneba, damrigeblur-mqadagebluri da bibliur-igavuri

Txrobis wesis monacvleoba da, rac Kvelaze mniSvnelovania _

ritorikul stilTan Sezavebuli evangeluri sicxadiT aGbey-

dili Txrobis wesi.

Kovelive amis TvalsaCinoebad Txzulebis nebismieri nakve-

Ti ivargebs, iqneba es araki, Tavisi winamavali an momdevno siu-

jeturi segmentebiT Tu personajTa sitKva-migeba da dialogebi.

Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas: sulsulsulsulxanxanxanxan----sasasasabasbasbasbasTan sitKva baTan sitKva baTan sitKva baTan sitKva batotototo----nobsnobsnobsnobs!!!!

T iT iT iT i n an an an a T i n G v iT i n G v iT i n G v iT i n G v i n an an an a Z eZ eZ eZ e

qarqarqarqarTuTuTuTuli sali sali sali salilililiteteteterarararatutututuro enis norro enis norro enis norro enis normamamamaTaTaTaTa swavswavswavswavlelelelebis Sebis Sebis Sebis Sesasasasaxebxebxebxeb

1. Tanamedrove qarTuli tele-radio gadacemebisa da

presis enaze dakvirveba aCvenebs, rom saliteraturo enis nor-

mebi Zalze xSirad irGveva TiTqmis Kvela TvalsazrisiT. nor-

maTa damkvidrebis, moTxovnisa da dacvis samsaxuri bolo

wlebSi saerTod moiSala. iseTi STabeydileba iqmneba, TiTqos

saliteraturo enaSi normebi aGaraa savaldebulo.

2. cocxal enaSi normaTagan gansxvavebuli formebis arse-

bobis sixSiris gamo SeimCneva reviziis cdebic. daviwKebulia,

rom enobrivi norma SedarebiT konservatiulia, nela icvleba.

dadgenil normaTa gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia saliteraturo

enaSi. am normebs specialurad swavla da swavleba esayiroeba.

erT-erTi aseTi sakiTxia obieqturi mesame piris h-/s- prefiqsis

marTlwera.

3. mesame obieqturi piris hhhh-/ssss- prefiqsis marTlwera Ta-

namedrove qarTulisaTvis dasabuTebulad iTvleba. es sakmaod

rTuli wesi damaJereblad aris ganmartebuli akad. v. Tofuri-

as wignSi (1965 w., 1988 w., 2002 w.); 1970 wlidan gamoqveKne-

66

bulia normad, romelsac kanonis Zala aqvs. es norma Jer kidev

ver ganmtkicda da saliteraturo enis TiTqmis Kvela sferoSi

xSiria darGvevebi. gamoiTqva mosazreba: dGevandel qarTulSi

am prefiqss aGar aqvs mkveTrad gamoxatuli morfologiuri

funqcia, amitomac norma SeiZleba gadasaxedi gaxdes; uniSnoba

araviTar gaugebrobas ar gamoiwvevs komunikaciaSio.

iseT zmnebTan, romlebic KovelTvis mxolod hhhh- an ssss- pre-

fiqsiT unda iwerebodes (gavs, Kavs, pirdeba... Txovs, wams,

wKuria...), uniSnoba SeiZleba marTlac ar gamoiwvevs gaugebro-

bas, magram bevr zmnasTan hhhh-/ssss- prefiqss principuli mniSvnelo-

ba aqvs ara marto morfologiurad, semantikuradac. aucileb-

lad gasaTvaliswinebelia gleJsgleJsgleJsgleJs_hgleJshgleJshgleJshgleJs, disdisdisdis-sdissdissdissdis, SeSeSeSedgadgadgadga_SeSeSeSe----

sdgasdgasdgasdga, kikikikidiadiadiadia_hkihkihkihkidiadiadiadia, yirsyirsyirsyirs_syirssyirssyirssyirs, cxecxecxecxelalalala_scxescxescxescxelalalala da sxva amgvar

formaTa Sinaarsi. aseTebi sakmaod bevria enaSi da amitomac Seta-

nilia `qarTuli enis orTografiul leqsikonSi (1968 w., 1998 w.),

`jurnalistis stilistikur cnobarSi~ (2002 w.). mravlad Sevi-

da òrTografiul-stilistikur leqsikonSi~ (2008 w.). magram

marto leqsikonSi Setana am saqmes ver Svelis.

4. sayiroa saSualo skolis qarTuli enis kursSi amgvari

normatiuli sakiTxebis ufro gamokveTilad warmodgena, speci-

alurad swavleba. qarTuli literaturisa da enis integrire-

buli swavlebisa da alternatiuli saxelmZGvaneloebis arse-

bobis viTarebaSi es ver Tu ar xerxdeba. saerTod zmnis for-

maTa marTlwerisa da marTlgamoKenebis sakiTxebs naklebi

KuradGeba eqceva skolaSi. Sedegic ar igvianebs.

67

l el el el e iiii l a S a ll a S a ll a S a ll a S a l v a Sv a Sv a Sv a S v iv iv iv i l il il il i

KKKKvarvarvarvarKKKKvavavavarererere sa sa sa saxexexexelis leqlis leqlis leqlis leqsisisisikukukukuri buri buri buri budededede sasasasagagagagazezezezeTo maTo maTo maTo masasasasalis milis milis milis mixedxedxedxedviTviTviTviT

adamianis sakuTar saxels emociuri elferi axlavs; zogi

saKovelTao siKvaruliTaa mosili, zogi ganZarculia am sike-

Tisgan. saTanado STabeydilebebi KovelTvis mKari araa, _

droisa Tu sxva faqtorebis kvalobaze siKvarulis sxivmosile-

ba SeiZleba siZulviliT Seicvalos an piriqiT.

ùKKKKvarvarvarvars~ zmnis fuZis gaorkecebiT miGebuli istoriuli

saxeli KKKKvarvarvarvarKKKKvavavavarererere, romelic mravalgzis moixsenieba `qarTlis

cxovrebis~ furclebze, Saravandmoclil zogadliteraturul

metaforul saxed iqceva polikarpe kakabaZis `KvarKvare TuTa-

beris~ gamoqveKnebisTanave (daiwera da scenaze daidga 1928-

1929 wlebSi).

politikur niGabmorgebuli medrove araraoba KvarKvare 80

welia feruxunebel tipobriv personad gvevlineba qarTul mwerlo-

baSi. _ iqmneba KKKKvarvarvarvarKKKKvavavavarererere saxelis mravalwevriani enobrivi bude.

sagazeTo masalis mixedviT saKovelTao xmarebis KKKKvarvarvarvarKKKKvavavava----

rererere _ KKKKvarvarvarvarKKKKvavavavarererereoooobabababa, KKKKvarvarvarvarKKKKvavavavarizrizrizrizmimimimi sameuli TandaTan ivseba axa-

li erTeulebiT. am mxriv saKuradGeboa anzor abulaSvilis

`KvarKvare~-leqsi, romelmac saZiebeli odensaxeluri bude

zmnuri formebiTac gaamdidra; miviGeT ocze metwevriani rigi:

1. KvarKvare, KvarKvaruva, uKvarKvaresoba, KvarKvareoba,

saKvarKvarod, aKvarKvarebuli; KvarKvarizmi, arqi(v)KvarKvarizmi,

neoKvarKvarizmi, KvarKvaristi; 2. gaaKvarKvara, gavaKvarKvareT,

gagviKvarKvarda; w/amoKvarKvardeba _ amoKvarKvarda, wamoKvarKva-

rebulan; iKvarKvarebs, iKvarKvara, iKvarKvaros, geKvarKvare.

enis mdidar sitKvawarmoebiTs SesaZleblobebze metKveli

KKKKvarvarvarvarKKKKvavavavarererere-bude, albaT, karga xans ìcocxlebs~, _ drois

mkacr sacerSi gatarebulsac uxvad SerCeba es metaforulobiT

niSandebuli wevrebi, raki Tavad KvarKvare ukvdavebis Saravan-

dediani cxovrebiseuli saxea qarTuli mxatvruli azrovnebisa.

68

e T e r S ee T e r S ee T e r S ee T e r S e n g en g en g en g e l i al i al i al i a

ererererTi saTi saTi saTi saererererTTTTooooqarqarqarqarTveTveTveTvelulululuri furi furi furi fuZiZiZiZisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

zanuris lazur dialeqtSi dasturdeba leqsema _ xCexCexCexCeonononon----i//

qConqConqConqCon----i//ConConConCon----i `TeTrsamosiani~, `TeTriani~.

Cveni varaudiT, mocemuli leqsikuri erTeuli nawarmoe-

bi sitKvaa _ *xCexCexCexCe----onononon----i//qCeqCeqCeqCe-onononon----i//CeCeCeCe----onononon----i//qCqCqCqC----onononon----i//CCCC----onononon----i, , , , sadac

*xCexCexCexCe----//qCeqCeqCeqCe-//CeCeCeCe---- TeTris aGmniSvnelia, xolo -****on on on on mawarmoebeli

sufiqsia, romelic aGniSnavs risame qonebas, anda siyarbes,

qarTuli -ian, -ier, -ovan, -osan sufiqsebis fardi.

mocemul saanalizo erTeuli SeiZleba qarT. mmmmƒƒƒƒcocococovanvanvanvan----i//

mxcomxcomxcomxcovanvanvanvan----i _ `yaGarosani - TeTri Tmis, wveris matarebeli~ _

fuZis fonetikur-semantikuri SesatKvisi iKos, romelic, ro-

gorc samecniero literaturidan cnobilia, nawarmoebi

sitKvaa da amgvarad daiSleba _ mmmmƒƒƒƒcccc----ovanovanovanovan----//mmmm----xcxcxcxc----ovanovanovanovan----. mmmm----xcxcxcxc---- Zi-

ri TeTrs aGniSnavs, ----ovanovanovanovan ki mawarmoebeli sufiqsia.

qarT. ----an an an an (-ov-anananan, -os-anananan, -i-anananan) SesatKvisia laz. -onononon-isa.

amave fuZes ukavSirdeba megr. rC-inininin-u//rC-Hnnnn- H← rC-onononon-i

`moxuci, beberi~.

saerToqarTvelur fuZed aGdgeba ****ƒƒƒƒHcccc----, xolo sufiqsad _

-anananan, Sdr. s.-qarTv. ****ƒƒƒƒcccc---- ← ƒƒƒƒcccc----anananan----....

r er er er e v a zv a zv a zv a z S e S e S e S e r or or or o z i az i az i az i a

qoqoqoqo---- nanananawiwiwiwilaklaklaklak----zmniszmniszmniszmniswiwiwiwininininisasasasaTvis meTvis meTvis meTvis megrul dagrul dagrul dagrul da lalalalazur dizur dizur dizur diaaaaleqleqleqleqtebtebtebtebSiSiSiSi

1. qarTvelur sistemaSi mtkicebiTi nawilakebi

(kikikiki////qoqoqoqo////quequequeque////qeqeqeqe)))) ZiriTadad, zmnis Tanmxlebi elementebia. maT

formaluri da funqciuri maxasiaTeblebi specialuri litera-

69

turidan cnobilia. amasTan, megrulsa da lazur dialeqtebSi

(sistemis variantebSi) qoqoqoqo- nawilakis zmniswinis funqciiT

gamoKenebasTan dakavSirebiT zogierTi detali dasazustebelia. 2. aGniSnulia: a) qoqoqoqo- pirvel nawilad moudis martiv da

rTul zmniswinebs; b) mas zmniswinis adgili ukavia mKofadis

formebSi maSin, roca mocemuli zmna zmniswins ver iguebs; g)

nawilakis oooo xmovani poziciurad SeiZleba nebismier xmovnad

gardaiqmnas. KuradGebas iqcevs qoqoqoqo-s gamoKeneba awmKos formebSi. es exe-ba rogorc statikur, ise dinamikur zmnebs. roca dinami-

kur, wesieri uGvlilebis zmnasTan is zmniswinis adgils

ikavebs, zmna awmKo drois gagebas iZens:

ykiruns (yris) _ dodododo -ykiruns (dadadada----yris) _ qoqoqoqo-kiruns (kikikiki yris)

3. SeniSnulia, rom megrulsa da lazurs Soris sxvaobas

qmnis megrulSi CamoKalibebuli òrmagad rTuli~ zmniswinebi.

maTi pirveli komponenti KovelTvis gggg- elementia (poziciurad

aaaa,,,,eeee,,,,oooo xmovnebTan erTad). zogJer mas qqqq---- cvlis gegegegemSa -sxapu / qeqeqeqemSa-sxapu (SigniT Sexta) . . .

lazurSi gggg-s nacvlad qqqq- gvaqvs Kvela im SemTxvevaSi, roca

megrulSi òrmagad rTuli~ an gggg- TanxmovniT dawKebuli

rTuli zmniswinia warmodgenili:

gegegegemSa-rTu _ qoqoqoqomeSa-xTu (Sevida) gemSi-nfTiruq –qomeSa-iTira-na (SeveTrevi)…

geSe-Gans _ qeSiGams (amoiGebs) . . .

4. masalis gaTvaliswinebiT SesaZlebelia vifiqroT, rom

qoqoqoqo----nawilakis zmniswinad qcevis Sualeduri procesi warmodge-

nilia lazurSi. megrulSi igi dasrulebulia imdenad, rom

òrmagad rTuli~ zmniswinebis SemTxvevaSi qoqoqoqo- nawilaki aGsa-

dgenia.

lazuris qoqoqoqo darTuli rTuli zmniswinebi igive odenobad

SeiZleba CaiTvalos, rac megrulSi ormagad rTul zmniswine-

bad aris miCneuli.

70

i z a C ai z a C ai z a C ai z a C a n t l an t l an t l an t l a Z eZ eZ eZ e

kikikikidev erdev erdev erdev erTxel Txel Txel Txel ----fxe fxe fxe fxe > > > > ----xexexexe, , , , ----fxe fxe fxe fxe > > > > ----fx sufx sufx sufx sufiqfiqfiqfiqsisisisisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis qarqarqarqarTveTveTveTvelur olur olur olur ononononomasmasmasmastitititikonkonkonkonSiSiSiSi

saanalizo sufiqss, romelic qarTvelur anTroponimTa

genderuli diferencirebisTvis gamoiKeneba dasavleT saqarTve-

loSi, araerTi mkvlevari (n. mari, p. yaraia, i. KifSiZe, p. in-

goroKva, s. JanaSia, arn. Ciqobava, i. meSCaninovi, T. jordania,

q. lomTaTiZe, S. ZiZiguri, i. megreliZe, al. Glonti, i. zica-

ri, z. yumburiZe, b. JorbenaZe, g. gasviani, r. TofCiSvili,

p. cxadaia, o. yurGulia, n. mgelaZe, q. margiani, c. bendeliani)

Sexebia. sakiTxs ikvlevdnen rogorc enaTmecnierebi, ise eTno-

logebi. iKo mcdeloba nair-nair etimologiaTa warmodgenisa

da sxvadasxva (megruli, afxazuri, ubixuri, adiGuri, baskuri,

urartuli...) enis monacemebTan -{ffff}xexexexe sufiqsis materialuri

dakavSirebisa.

parxlis taZris erT-erT warweraSi (X s.) dadasturebu-

li formanti (e. TaKaiSvili) dGes maincdamainc produqtuli

aGar aris _ svanurSi nawilobriv (i. megreliZe) ki ara, ara-

med saerTod aGar ixmareba qalis mamiseuli gvaris aGsaniSna-

vad, xolo megrulSi, ZiriTadad, toponimebSia SemorCenili.

Cven sagangebod SevamowmeT kodoris (resp. dalis) xeobaSi Ca-

werili 800 gverdis moculobis teqstebi, sadac arc erTxel

ar Segvxvedria -fxefxefxefxe'ze daboloebuli leqsema (arc saxeli, arc

zmna an arasrulmniSvnelovani sitKva). ver gaviziarebT `xel-

mwifis~ n. mariseul segmentaciasa da gaazrebas. ƒelƒelƒelƒelwifwifwifwif-ƒeƒeƒeƒe mi-

sTvis aris "ооооооо, оооо ооооооо" Jer erTi, svanuris arcerT

dialeqtur am leqsemaSi faringaluri Tanxmovani aGarsad ixma-

reba, da meorec, xelwifx{e}/xemwifx{e}/xenwifx{e} (moTx. xelxelxelxel----

wifxwifxwifxwifx{eeee}-dddd; mic. xelxelxelxelwifxwifxwifxwifx{eeee}-ssss...) mxolod balsqvemourSi gvxvdeba

(laxamuluri kilokavis gamoklebiT) da aqac xxxxanis gaCenas fo-

netikuri safuZveli aqvs (fSvinvier TanxmovanTa momdevno po-

ziciaa _ Sdr. bz. sak�cxsak�cxsak�cxsak�cx, bq. sak�sak�sak�sak�{{{{rrrr}}}}cxcxcxcx, lSx. sasasasakackackackac{xxxx}, lnt.

71

sak�csak�csak�csak�c `sakace~). rac Seexeba auslautSi -eeee xmovnis gauCinarebas,

es Cveulebrivi movlenaa svanurSi. garda amisa, Kvela balsqve-

mour zGaparSi `xelmwife~ mamakacia, (Sdr. agreTve bq. sasasasaxelxelxelxel----

wifxwifxwifxwifx, sadac, raGa Tqma unda, genderuli problema ver dadge-

ba)...

metad sainteresoa c. bendelianis dakvirveba qvemoimeru-

li dialeqtis monacemebze, sadac -xexexexe sufiqsi, mcireodeni

gamonaklisis garda, ar erTvis leCxumidan, svaneTidan da adi-

genidan gadmosaxlebul qalTa gvarebs.

mkvlevarTa umravlesoba saanalizo sufiqsisTvis amosav-

lad miiCnevs Zvel qarTul leqsemas mƒevamƒevamƒevamƒevalililili (`mona, msaxuri

qali~); sulxan-saba orbelianis azriT, `mƒevali Krmaa; ese ars

qali nasKidi, gina naziTvi~. mƒemƒemƒemƒe > mxemxemxemxe > fxefxefxefxe > xexexexe Cveulebrivi

fonetikuri procesebia qarTvelur enebSi. albaT am sitKvis

semantikaa ganmsazGvreli S. ZiZiguris erTi dakvirvebisTvis:

qarTuli enis dasavlur dialeqtebSi `saTanado sufiqsacia

axasiaTebs iseT gvarebs, romelTa warmomadgenlebi glexur fe-

nas ganekuTvnebodnen; aznaurTa Tu TavadTa gvarebs es sufiqsi

ar moudioda~. Tu aqedan amovalT, maSin qalis svanur saxel-

Tan dadadadaCqil�fxCqil�fxCqil�fxCqil�fx''''Tan kiTxvis niSniT warmodgenili gaazreba akaki

SaniZisa (`dadiSqelianT gombio~?) TiTqos erTi SexedviT sru-

liad damaJerebelia, oGond `gombio~-Si svanuri �fx…�fx…�fx…�fx… (baKaKi~)

ki ar unda davinaxoT, aramed -fxefxefxefxe sufiqsisgan momdinare -fxfxfxfx

elementi (Sdr. leCxumur-ayaruli gomgomgomgombiobiobiobio-gogogogoggggoooo damcirebiT da

ara guruli gomgomgomgombiebiebiebie _ `baKaKi~), sadac swored auslautSi da-

karguli -eeee iwvevs winamavali -aaaa- xmovnis umlauts; amasTanave,

dadadadaCqilCqilCqilCqil��fx fx fx fx zGapruli personajis saxeli ki ar aris, rogorc

es specialur literaturaSia (z. yumburiZe) aGniSnuli, ara-

med svaneTis istoriul dokumentebSi dadasturebuli daCqdaCqdaCqdaCq----

ilililil----aaaa----fxefxefxefxe''''s Sekvecili varianti. ase rom, XIII-XVIII saukuneTa sa-

gvareulo mosaxseneblebSi araerTxel warmodgenili `daCqila-

fxe~ Kvelgan romelime didi feodalis meuGle da svaneTis

mTavris asulia. Tu amasac gaviTvaliswinebT, maSin, cxadia, dadadada----

Cqil�fxCqil�fxCqil�fxCqil�fx anTroponims ver gaviazrebT `dadeSqelianT msaxurad~

72

da verc -fxefxefxefxe > -fxfxfxfx sufiqsSi davinaxavT sazogadoebis socia-

luri diferencirebis funqcias.

miuxedavad imisa, rom dGes svanur enaSi es sufiqsi qal-

Ta warmomavlobis gvarebs aGar awarmoebs, vfiqrobT, iseTi

formebi, rogoricaa: bebebebeddddifxifxifxifx, , , , gald�fxgald�fxgald�fxgald�fx, , , , gugugugulifxlifxlifxlifx////g…ilifxg…ilifxg…ilifxg…ilifx//// g…inifxg…inifxg…inifxg…inifx, , , , gergergergernifxnifxnifxnifx, , , , dadadadaCqil�fxCqil�fxCqil�fxCqil�fx, , , , derderderderzufxzufxzufxzufx, , , , eleleleldadadadarufxrufxrufxrufx, , , , sisisisidifxdifxdifxdifx, , , , JaJaJaJayifxyifxyifxyifx////JaJaJaJaJifxJifxJifxJifx, , , , girg…l�fxgirg…l�fxgirg…l�fxgirg…l�fx, , , , qald�fxqald�fxqald�fxqald�fx (ori ukanaskneli aSkarad

girgvlianisa da qaldanis oJaxebis qalebi arian) da a. S., rom-

lebic axlac gamoiKenebian svaneTSi anTroponimebad, warmoad-

genen istoriul dokumentebSi dadasturebuli -fxefxefxefxe sufiqsis

Semcveli onomastikonis anarekls.

ufro metic! _ gardafxaZeTa oficialuri gvaris svanu-

ri gaformeba g‰lfx‰ng‰lfx‰ng‰lfx‰ng‰lfx‰n kargad asaxavs istoriul viTarebas, sa-

dac arc gardafxaZe gvxvdeba da arc galfxani, magram gvaqvs

gagagagadradradradrafxefxefxefxe, romelic amosavali unda iKos gardafxaZe/galfxanis-

Tvis: gagagagadradradradra----fxe fxe fxe fxe >>>> *gardagardagardagarda----fxefxefxefxe >>>> *g‰rdg‰rdg‰rdg‰rd----fxe fxe fxe fxe >>>> *g‰rg‰rg‰rg‰r----fxe fxe fxe fxe >>>> *g‰lg‰lg‰lg‰l----

fxefxefxefxe+anananan (svanur oficialur gvarTa morfema) >>>> g‰lfxg‰lfxg‰lfxg‰lfx‰‰‰‰nnnn, Sdr.

Jaf�rJaf�rJaf�rJaf�r----iiii----ZeZeZeZe (kaci), Jaf�rJaf�rJaf�rJaf�r----iiii----fxefxefxefxe (qali), JafrJafrJafrJafr----‰‰‰‰n n n n (kacic, qalic);

asevea, albaT, *gagagagadradradradra----fxfxfxfx----aaaa----ZeZeZeZe > ggggaaaardardardarda----fxfxfxfx----aaaa----ZeZeZeZe (kaci), gagagagadradradradra----ffffxexexexe

(qali), gggg‰‰‰‰drdrdrdr‰‰‰‰nnnn (kacic, qalic).

qvemosvanuri g‰lfx‰ng‰lfx‰ng‰lfx‰ng‰lfx‰n''''is msgavsi Cans dGes mestiis ono-

mastikonSi dadasturebuli m��m��m��m��ffffx‰nx‰nx‰nx‰n <*m��m��m��m��----fxefxefxefxe----anananan (Sdr. qalis

saxeli m��m��m��m��, knin. f. m�ilm�ilm�ilm�il). orive forma `tbeTis sulTa matia-

neSi~ (XII-XVII s.) mamakacTa aGsaniSnavad gamoKenebuli ormagsu-

fiqsiani warmoebis (magaliTad, ninininikokokokollllaaaa----fxefxefxefxe----SvSvSvSv----ilililil----iiii; Sdr.

agreTve laz. ketketketket----iiii----fxefxefxefxe----SiSiSiSi, wulwulwulwul----uuuu----fxefxefxefxe----SiSiSiSi, quTquTquTquT----uuuu----fxefxefxefxe----SiSiSiSi; megr.

korZkorZkorZkorZ----aaaa----xxxx----iaiaiaia < *korZkorZkorZkorZ////aaaa----xexexexe----ianianianian, Sdr. korZkorZkorZkorZ----aaaa----iaiaiaia) analogiuria, -anananan

sufiqsi xom odesGac `Svilis~ aGmniSvneli sitKvis Sesabamisi

unda KofiliKo (a. SaniZe, J. oniani)! Sebrunebuli rigi (gogogogoSuSuSuSu-

anananan-iiii----fxefxefxefxe, bebebebeuTmuTmuTmuTm-anananan-iiii----fxefxefxefxe) Zalze iSviaTia istoriul dokumen-

tebSic ki (q. margiani), im dros, rodesac megrulSi oficia-

lur qarTul gvarebs swored boloSi daerTvis -xexexexe sufiqsi

(yavyavaZexe, wereTel{i}xe, iaSvil{i}xe...).

rogorc Cans, svanurSi auslautis cveTis procesi adre-

73

ve daiwKo qalTa mamiseul gvarebSi: XVII-XVIII saukuneTa erT sa-

oJaxo mosaxsenebelSi gvxvdeba SSSSggggvilvilvilvil----iiii----fxfxfxfx{{{{eeee}}}} (ilamaz dadeSqe-

lianis meuGle) da eleleleldardardardar-uuuu-fxfxfxfx{eeee} (devdarianis qali da sor-

Tman dadeSqelianis meuGle), rac svanuri fonotaqtikisTvis

damaxasiaTebeli zogadi wesis _ Giamarcvlovani struqturebis

daxurulmarcvlianebad gardaqmnis tendenciis gamoxatulebaa.

-fxefxefxefxe/-xexexexe sufiqss, garda ZiriTadi (genderuli diferenci-

rebis) funqciisa, qarTuli enis dasavlur dialeqtebSi SeZeni-

li aqvs damatebiTi semantikuri niuansebi: gurulSi qalis ka-

pasobisa da yirveulobis (b. JorbenaZe), xolo imerulSi enakvi-

matobis, gakilva-damcirebis, dacinvisa Tu Zalze iSviaTad Se-

qebis (c. bendeliani) xazgasma, rac umwerlobo qarTvelur

enebSi ar SegviniSnavs.

specialur literaturaSi (n. mari, g. gasviani, o. yurGu-

lia) svan qalTa gvaris mawarmoeblad dasaxelebulia -fxufxufxufxu su-

fiqsic, magram qarTul enaze Sesrulebul svaneTis istoriul

dokumentebSi es varianti sul xuTJeraa dadasturebuli da,

albaT, koreqturuli (an sxvagvaric _ vTqvaT, xelnawerisa da

Sesabamisi publikaciis gansxvavebuli wakiTxva) Secdomaa (elelelel----

dardardardar{{{{uuuu}}}}fxufxufxufxu, , , , CaCaCaCarkurkurkurkufxufxufxufxu;;;; Sdr. iqve: eleleleldardardardar----fxefxefxefxe, , , , CeCeCeCerakrakrakrak----uuuu----fxefxefxefxe).

qarTvelur enaTa dialeqtebSi arc o. yurGulias mier

SeniSnuli -mxemxemxemxe sufiqsi Cans.

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom Colurul metKvelebaSi fxafxafxafxa

`Jilags~ aGniSnavs. SesaZloa mas rame kavSiri hqondes qarTul

mƒevalmƒevalmƒevalmƒeval''''Tan:

mƒevalmƒevalmƒevalmƒeval---- >>>> mxe mxe mxe mxevalvalvalval---- >>>> ****mxe…mxe…mxe…mxe…---- >>>> ****mxa…mxa…mxa…mxa…---- >>>> ****fxa…fxa…fxa…fxa…---- >>>> fxa fxa fxa fxa....

es leqsema svaneTSi sxvagan aGar ixmareba am mniSvnelo-

biT, magram, vfiqrobT, rom mulaxur, kalur da laSxur

simGerebSi zogierTi gvaris sawKevar formulad warmodgenili

sintagma …iJ…iJ…iJ…iJmi mi mi mi <<<< ****…iJ…iJ…iJ…iJ----emememem----iSiSiSiS////…iJi …iJi …iJi …iJi <<<< …iJ …iJ …iJ …iJ----iS fxaiS fxaiS fxaiS fxa `gvelis fxas~ ki

ar unda niSnavdes, aramed _ `gvelis modgmas, JiSs, Jilags~. sa-

interesoa, rom abazur, ubixur da adiGur enebSi igive fuZe

(fxfxfxfx{{{{llll}}}}aaaa, , , , fxafxafxafxa, , , , fxuifxuifxuifxui) `qals~ aGniSnavs (Sdr. afxazuri aaaa----fhafhafhafha).

Kovelive zemoaGniSnuli safuZvels gvaZlevs vifiqroT,

74

rom -xexexexe sufiqsi mxolod `uZveles zanTa enobrivi kuTvnileba

ar Kofila~, winaaGmdeg specialur literaturaSi (e. TaKaiSvi-

li, i. megreliZe, o. yurGulia,...) gamoTqmuli mosazrebisa.

iKo Tu ara fxefxefxefxe > xexexexe saerToqarTvelur enaSi an SesaZlebelia

Tu ara mƒevalmƒevalmƒevalmƒeval- fuZis segmentacia, amas damatebiTi kvleva-Zieba

syirdeba. es-esaa gamoqveKnda sruliad originaluri Tvalsaz-

risi r. TofCiSvilisa, romelSic formaTa uwinaresoba-Semdgo-

madobis qronologiuri gardaqmnebi Sebrunebuladaa warmodge-

nili (*fxevfxevfxevfxev----alalalal----i i i i >>>> mxev mxev mxev mxev----alalalal----iiii); fonetika-fonologia rom ar

gviSlides xels, eTnologiuri msJeloba metad sainteresoa.

m am am am a n an an an a n an an an a C aC aC aC a C aC aC aC a n in in in i Z eZ eZ eZ e

didididifefefeferenrenrenrenciciciciuuuuli nili nili nili niSaSaSaSani leqni leqni leqni leqsisisisikogkogkogkograrararafifififiaaaaSi Si Si Si _ _ _ _ IV saIV saIV saIV saskoskoskoskolo lo lo lo ((((sasasasaswavswavswavswavlolololo) ) ) ) leqleqleqleqsisisisikonkonkonkonTa tiTa tiTa tiTa tipopopopolololologiagiagiagia

leqsikonTa tipebi iqmneba oTxi urTierTdakavSirebuli

koordinatTa sistemiT. es koordinatebia: lingvisturi, fsi-

qologiuri, semiotikuri da sociologiuri. maTi ZiriTadi ma-

xasiaTeblebi adastureben, rom leqsikonTa tipologia, faq-

tobrivad, aris mecnieruli klasifikacia dafuZnebuli leqsi-

konis tipis, rogorc invariantis, idealizebul cnebaze ganpiro-

bebuli aGniSnuli koordinatTa sistemiT (vrclad ix. m. CaCaniZe,

koordinatTa sistemis cneba leqsikografiaSi, saqarTvelos me-

cnierebaTa akademiis arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis in-

stitutis 61-e samecniero sesiis masalebi. Tb., 2002, gv. 33-34).

saTanado samecniero literaturis Tanaxmad, am oTxi ur-

TierTdakavSirebuli koordinatTa sistemis warmodgenis sir-

Tulis mixedviT ganasxvaveben akaakaakaakadedededemimimimiurururur da sasasasaskoskoskoskololololo leqsikog-

rafias. saskolo leqsikografia, akademiurTan SedarebiT, SeiZ-

leba ganvsazGvroT, rogorc mcire formebisa da ufro metad

saswavlo mimarTulebis leqsikografia (s. barxudarovi, l. no-

75

vikovi, p. denisovi). vinaidan Koveli konkretuli struqtu-

rul-tipologiuri modeli leqsikonisa moiTxovs saleqsikono

indeqsis (sitKvanis) da metaenis sakuTar formas, akademiuri

da saskolo leqsikonebi gansxvavdebian, upirveles Kovlisa,

sitKvaniTa da metaenobrivi struqturiT. amasTan, saskolo

leqsokografia gansakuTrebul KuradGebas uTmobs meTodolo-

giuri rigis faqtorebs: swavlebis etaps, moswavlis (adresa-

tis) mSobliur enas, ena-Suamavals, moswavleTa zogadkultu-

rul dones da misT. swored amis gamoa, rom saskolo leqsi-

kografias xSirad ganixilaven rogorc damoukidebel lingvo-

didaqtikur disciplinas. sakuTriv lingvisturi TvalsazrisiT

ki saskolo leqsikografia, upirvelesad, leqsikografiis erT-

erTi dargia da logikuria, rom saskolo leqsikonTa tipolo-

gia, zogadad, leqsikonTa tipologias efuZneba.

mmmm eeee r a br a br a br a b C u C u C u C u x u ax u ax u ax u a

daGesdaGesdaGesdaGestnurtnurtnurtnur----qarqarqarqarTveTveTveTvelur bgelur bgelur bgelur bgeraTraTraTraTSeSeSeSesatKvisatKvisatKvisatKvisosososobabababaTaTaTaTa sissississistetetetemamamama ( ( ( (sibilantebisibilantebisibilantebisibilantebi))))

mas Semdeg, rac dadginda naxur-qarTvelur bgeraTSe-

satKvisobaTa ZiriTadi formulebi, SesaZlebeli Cans daGes-

tnur-qarTvelur fonemur mimarTebaTa gamovlenac. sibilan-

tur TanxmovnebSi orgvari regularul-kanonzomieri SesatKvi-

sobani gamoCndeba: a) qarTveluri sisisisisisisisinananana : daGestnuri sisisisisisisisinananana;

b) qarTveluri sisisisisisisisinananana : daGestnuri SiSiSiSiSiSiSiSinananana, rac aseve damaxasi-

aTebeli iKo naxur-qarTveluri sibilantebisTvisac. movixmobT

sailustracio masalas orive formulis mixedviT.

I. sisisisisisisisinananana : sisisisisisisisinananana

s.-qarTv. ZZZZ ~ s.-daG. ZZZZ

(1) s.-qarTv. *ZZZZeZZZZ…- `ZeZvi; kvrinCxi~ (qarT. ZeZ…-i º ZeZv-i,

76

zan. (laz.) danZ-i ←*ZaZv-i) ~ s.-daG. *ZZZZaZZZZ-(a) èkali~ (xunZ. zaz,

and. zaz, axv. jaja, yam. zaza, tind. zaza èkali~, hunz. zˆza,

darg. ZanZi º cácé èkali~, lak. các àskili~, lezg. cáz,

Tab. ZaZa, aG., ruT. zaz, wax. zaza, arC. cac, ud. cac èkali~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *gaZZZZ- `wvivi~ (qarT. gaz-eb-i `wvivebi~, zan.

goJ-i `muxli~ (→ Zv. qarT. goJ-i), svan. ganz ←*gaz `wvivi~) ~ s.-

daG. *g…aZZZZ- `Cliqi; idaKvi~ (xvarS. guz ìdaKvi, darg. ƒúc´

←*µuZ `Cliqi, qaCaCi~, aG. ƒ´…ac´ ←*µ…aZ `Cliqi~);

(3) s.-qarTv. *ZZZZiƒ…- `Jixvi; gareuli xari~ (Zv. qarT. Jiƒv-i

←*Ziƒv-i, Sdr. megr. Zixv-i `Jixvi~, zan. Jiq-i ←*Jiqv-i, svan. {Zib-

ra ←*Ziƒ…-ra} `gareuli xari~) ~ s.-daG. *ƒ…aZZZZ-a `mTis Txa~

(xunZ. G…acö, yam. Guncá, tind. G…aCí ùrqo Txa~, darg. ƒáca

º ƒáZa `mTis Txa~).

s.-qarTv. cccc ~ s.daG. cccc

(1) s.-qarTv. *ccccit-a `lifsita~ (qarT. ceta èrTgvari pa-

tara Tevzi~, zan. (megr.) citu `lifsiti~) ~ s.-daG. *ccccit-u

`mweri; baGlinJo~ (xunZ. Cút `futkari; mweri~, lak. sut

←*cut `tkipa~, lezg. Sut, ruT. SiT, wax. Sin, kriw. Sut, bud.

Sut º Sud `baGlinJo~, Sdr. and. cúta `nakelis xoyo~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *bicccc-(a) `qva, miwa~ (qarT. bic-i `miwa mlaSe~

(saba), zan. (megr.) beCa `gamoqvabuli~, svan. beC º b�C `qva~) ~ s.-

daG. *bacccc-(a) `mTa, klde, qva~ (axv. beCa, tind. besa, kar. besa,

bagv. besa `mTa~, bej. b�C, hunz. baCa `klde, frialo~, ud. ba ɺɺC

`Txeli, mrgvali qva~, xin. …�C `saflavis qva~);

(3) s.-qarTv. *bacccc- º*ccccab- `Steri, cofi, brma~ (bec-i, bac-i,

boc-i º buc-i, Sdr. cof-i, zan. foC-o `Steri~, svan. li-Cef

`senis SeKra~) ~ s.-daG. *becccc- `brma, bneli~ (xunZ. bec´-a-ab,

tind. bec´-u-b, axv. bec´-o-da `brma, bneli~, bej. boc-di�o, hunz.

bˆc-du, arC. bes-du ←*bec-du `brma~).

s.-qarTv. wwww ~ s.-daG. wwww

(1) s.-qarTv. *m-wwwwak-e `mwklarte~ (qarT. mwake, zan. mayik-i,

77

svan. wakar-a� `mwake~) ~ s.-daG. *wwwwék- `mjave, mware~ (xunZ. wék-

ab, and. wíku, axv. yíkú-da, tind. cíqú-b, kar. wíkó-b, boTl.

wíkú, bagv. wíkú, God. cíqú `wmaxe~, darg. wik-si º wik…-se

`mjave~, lezg. wiki, arC. weg…-du º wek…- `mware, simware~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *wwwwop- `yipi~ (qarT. wop-i (saba), zan. yip-e º

wip-a, svan. piy ←*yˆp) ~ s.-daG. *wwwwum- `yipi~ (xunZ. wínu, and.

wúnno, axv. wún.., boTl. wúni, bagv. wúni.., lak. wun, arC. wan,

ud. cán, xin. wum `yipi~);

(3) s.-qarTv. *wwww…im- `wvima~ (qarT. wvim-a, wvim-s, zan. yvim-a,

yvin-s `wvims~) ~ s.-daG. *wwww…ar- `varskvlavi~ (xunZ. w´…a, and.

wá, axv. w´…ari, kar. w´…a�, bagv. w´…ara.., hin. c…a, did. ca,

xvarS., hunz. ca, inx., bej. can, darg. zuri º zure `varskvlavi~);

(4) s.-qarTv. *wwwwK-en- `Zala, wKena~ (qarT. wKen-a, zan.

(megr.) yKan-a `Zala~, svan. yK�r- `dasusteba, uZlureba~) ~

s.-daG. *wwwwaK- `Zala, siZliere~ (xunZ. waK´-, axv. yiK´-, yam. waK´-,

kar. waK´-i `Zlier, Zalian~, did. waK-To…, bej. waK, hin. waK `Za-

lian~, lak. waK, darg. waK- `Zala, siZliere~);

(5) s.-qarTv. *wwwwebl- `TeTri, fiTri~ (qarT. wabl-a-�

`TeTri kvaxis saxeoba~, zan. (laz.) yabu `fiTri~, svan. y�br

`fiTri~) ~ s.-daG. *wwwwab-u `TeTri~ (darg. wub º wuba º wub-ze

`TeTri~, lezg. bay-ux `laqebiani~, bud. yobu `wiTelTmiani~,

arC. yu ɺba-TúT `TeTri~).

s.-qarTv. zzzz ~ s.-daG. zzzz

(1) s.-qarTv. *zzzzar- `Kinva~ (qarT. zr-ob-a, svan. mˆ-jˆr) ~

s.-daG. *zzzzar-i `Kinuli~ (and. zar, axv. jari, yam. z‰, tind. za-

ri, kar. zare, boTl. zari, bagv. zar, God. zari `Kinuli~,

hunz. jara `Kinuli~, bej. za-l’- àcieba~, lak. zuru-ƒá ɺni

`Kinulis lolua~, lezg. cúr ←*Zur `sarkesaviT Kinuli~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *zzzzG…el- `didi wvima~ (qarT. (imer.) zGvel-a

`kokispiruli wvima~, zan. (megr.) zGvar-zGval-i "id", svan.

jGer ←*jG…er `Tavsxma wvima~) ~ s.-daG. *zzzzigol- `wvima; setKva~

(did. zigolu, xvarS. zangeru, bej. holo-Sigi, hunz. belu-Sige

`setKva~, lak. zig `wvima/wvims~);

78

(3) s.-qarTv. *Te…z- `Tevzi, lifsita~ (qarT. Tevz-i º

Tebz-i, svan. cuz ←*T�…z `lifsita~) ~ s.-daG. *Ta…z- º*Taz…-

`baGlinJo~ (and. Tarcá, yam. Tas´…, God. Tabcu, did. Ta…sa,

hin. Ta…sa, bej. Ta…za `baGlinJo~);

(4) s.-qarTv. *zzzzeg- `zeg~ (qarT. zeg, zan. _, svan. _) ~ s.-

daG. *zzzzaq(…)- `xval~ (did. ziqo `xvalzeiT~, hin. zeq.., Tab. za-

qu-r, aG. saq…a-na `xval~).

s.-qarTv. ssss ~ s.-daG. ssss

(1) s.-qarTv. *Kossss- `didi kovzi~ (qarT. kos-i `didi Jami~,

svan. K÷S º KoS `kovzi~) ~ s.-daG. *Kossss(u) `niCabi, kovzi~ (xunZ.

„…es º „ers, axv. KoSi `niCabi~, lak. ƒúsa, darg. Kusá º Kulsa

`kovzi~, lezg. Kusu `niCabi~, Tab., bud. Kasu, kriw. K�´su `celi~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *ssssok-e `soko; kitri~ (qarT. soko º seko, zan.

Su(r)ka º Sˆnka `kitri, nesvi~) ~ s.-daG. *ssssek-u `soko, abedi~

(xunZ. sák, and. séku, yam. sek…, kar. seku àbedi~, axv. Seku,

tind. séku º seku àbedi, soko~, did. Soku, inx. joko àbedi~,

bej. sako, xvarS. joko `soko~, ud. Sa ɺmqál `soko~);

(3) s.-qarTv. *q…assss- `cocxi, gacocxva~ (qarT. _, zan. o-

qos-u `gacocxva~, o-qos-al-i/e `cocxi~, svan. q…as º q…‰si `ba-

laxis cocxi~) ~ s.-daG. *qossss- `mka; sayreli mowKobiloba~

(xunZ. qaSu `Tivis sayreli mowKobiloba~, did. qos, bej. qus-

u‡, hunz. qoS `mka, kreya, moyra~, arC. qis `Cangali, fiwali~);

(4) s.-qarTv. *ssssom- `puris Seyamandi~ (qarT. som-in-i `di-

di puri~ (saba), svan. S�m ←*Sem… ←*S÷m `Gomis Seyamandi; Tav-

Taviani pureuli~) ~ s.-daG. *ssssum- `puri; Cala~ (xunZ. sum º

Sum, and. suma, axv. Suma, God. suma.., lak. sun `Cala~.., Tab.

Sºum, aG. súm, ruT. kriw., bud. sum, wax. som, ud. Su ɺm `puri~);

(5) s.-qarTv. *ssss…et- `sveti~ (qarT. svet-i, zan. (laz.)

skvit-i `boZi~) ~ s.-daG. *ssssut- `saflavis qva; klde~ (did. Sud,

hin. sud, inx. Sud `saflavi~, bej. Sed, hunz. Sed `klde; kaya-

ri~, darg. súta `saflavze dadgmuli Zegli, qva~).

II. sisisisisisisisinananana : SiSiSiSiSiSiSiSinananana

79

s.-qarTv. ZZZZ ~ s.-daG. JJJJ

(1) s.-qarTv. *girZZZZ-il- `GrZili; Zira kbili~ (Zv. qarT.

grZil-i `GrZili~, zan. Jirgil-i → º JirJil-i `Zira kbili~) ~

s.-daG. *g…arJJJJ-i `Zira kbili; GrZili~ (xunZ. gojo, and. guji,

axv. gorjo, yam. goju, tind. qoju, kar. goja º g…aja `Zireuli

kbili~, did. goju, xvarS. goju, bej. g�jo, hunz. gonju èSvi~,

lak. qárCí ←*garJi `kbili~, darg. ganji èSvi~, Ganje `GrZi-

li~, aG. g…arj, arC. ga ɺnji `GrZili~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *ZZZZal-/*ZZZZil- `simi; ZarGvi~ (qarT. Zil-i, Zal-i,

zan. (laz.) Jil-, o-Jil-aS-e `bade~, svan. Jˆl º Jil `simi~) ~

s.-daG. *Jar- `kani, tKavi; membrana~ (darg. jer º Jar `tKavi, ka-

ni~, lezg. Cár `kani~, aG. Jar `membrana xorcSi~, ruT. Jar,

kriw. Jer, xin. Jar `rZis kani, apki~);

(3) s.-qarTv. *ZZZZam-al- `Zma~ (qarT. Zma º Zama, Zamula, Zm-ad-i

`maKari~, zan. Juma º Jˆma º Jima `Zma~, Juma-d-i º Jima-d-i `biZa~,

svan. Jˆmil `Zma disTvis~) ~ s.-daG. *JJJJam- º *maJJJJ- `naTesavi

(mamr.)~ (xunZ. möj-it¾ `gareTa biZaSvili~, lak. maCá ←*maJa `na-

Tesavebi (mamr.)~, lezg. Cám ←*Jam `sasiZo, nefe~, Tab., aG. Jam

"id", ruT. Ku ɺ-J�m `siZe~, wax. Ka ɺ-Jam-ar `ZmaTa colebi erTmane-

Tis mimarT~);

(4) s.-qarTv. *ZZZZ(a) `TviTon~ (qarT. vin-Z-i, zan. ar-Zo º

ar-Za `Kvela~, svan. Ji `TviTon~) ~ s.-daG. *JJJJi `TviTon~ (xunZ.

ji-, and., axv., God. ji-, yam. zi-, kar. je- `TviTon~, did. jo,

hin. zo, xvarS. ju, bej. j‘, hunz. ju, lezg. ju…, ruT., wax.,

kriw. -iJ, arC. inj `TviTon~);

(5) s.-qarTv. *ZZZZeg…- `balaxi, buCqi~ (qarT. Zegv-i º Zigv-a º

Zegv-e, zan. Jagv-i º Jag-i `wvrili Cirgvi~, svan. jag º j�g `wama-

li~) ~ s.-daG. *JJJJag-a àlublis xe; eklebiani buCqi~ (xunZ. jaga,

and. jaga, axv., God. jagö àlublis xe~, yam. Jaga º jaga, tind.,

kar. Jaga º jaga àlublis xe~, bej. jagi ordo `jolo~, hunz.

jagi èklebiani buCqi~).

s.-qarTv. cccc ~ s.-daG. CCCC

(1) s.-qarTv. *mac-al- `mozveri- iremi~ (qarT. (mTiul.)

80

macal-o `mozveri~, zan. {boCol-a}, svan.laC… ←*maCa… ìremi~) ~

s.-daG. *maC-er- `xbo, mozveri~ (xunZ. beCe `xbo~, and. milCa

`mozveri~, did. meSori, hin. meSiro `mocedi~, lak. ba ɺrC, aG.

urC ←*…arC, arC. biS `xbo~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *kacccc- `keci~ (qarT. kec-i, zan. kˆc-i → º kic-i

`keci (Tixis)~, svan. kec → º tkec `saarKe yuryeli~) ~ s.-daG.

*K(…)aCCCC- `Tixis qoTani, sadGvebeli~ (lak. ƒá ɺCi `rZis safiltri

Tixis qoTani~, lezg. KeC, kriw. KeC `Tixis doqi/qoTani~, Sdr.

lezg. KiC `sadGvebeli~, xin. kuCˆ `mcire xelada~);

(3) s.-qarTv. *ƒacccc- `mxeci, mxecoba~ (Zv. qarT. m-ƒec-i, na-m-

ƒec-av-i, Sdr. ƒoc-v-a-�, svan. ƒac-a `ngreva~) ~ s.-daG. *ƒaCCCC-a `bo-

Cola~ (lak. ƒa ɺCa `boCola~, darg. ƒáCa `xbo~, xin. ƒíC´-ej ←*ƒiC-

er `xbo or wlamde~);

(4) s.-qarTv. *ƒorcccc- `xorci~ (Zv. qarT. ƒorc-i, zan. xorc-i

←*ƒorc-i, xorc-on-i `xorciani~) ~ s.-daG. *ƒo(n)CCCC-(a) `kani;

tKavi~ (axv. GoCa, tind. GoCa `kani, tKavi; cxvris tKavi~, did.

oSi, hin. x…iSi, xvarS. hinSe, bej. „�Se `tKavi~, inx. henSe

`cxvris tKavi~, lak. ƒáCu `cxvris tKavis qurqi~).

s.-qarTv. wwww ~ s.-daG. yyyy

(1) s.-qarTv. *wwwwaq-(a) `waTxi, Srati~ (qarT. waq-i º waq-a,

zan. wuq-i `svelidan naduGis moxdis Semdeg darCenili siTxe~,

svan. weq… º waq… `wveTi~) ~ s.-daG. *yyyya(a) `Srati, xseni~

(xunZ. ya„ö, tind. y‰ ←*ya„a, and. ya„a `saxlSi moxarSuli, da-

mzadebuli ludi~, lak. yu… `xseni~, lezg. w…eh, Tab. y…eh, aG.

y…a, ruT. y…eh `Srati~, arC. no ɺ-yo ←*no-yo„ `xsenisgan damza-debuli saymeli~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *wwwwam- `drois erTeuli~ (qarT. wam-i, zan.

yum-an-i `xval~, o-yum-ar-e `dila~, svan. ham ←*yam `dila~) ~ s.-

daG. *yyyyam- `dro~ (lak. yun `dro~, lezg. ya…, Tab. ye…-en, aG.

ye…-ene, ruT. ye…, wax. yaɺ… `dro; drouli (sakmao)~);

(3) s.-qarTv. *wwwwer-o `wero~ (qarT. wero, zan. yaro, svan.

81

y“r ←*yeru `KarKati~) ~ s.-daG. *yyyyir-u `mwKeri; beGura~ (xunZ.

yorolo `mwKeri~, yam. yoru `Citi, beGura~, tind. yuri-GaGa

`mwKeri~, lak. yi ɺlmu `patara Citi~);

(4) s.-qarTv. *wwwwar- `kani, garekani~ (qarT. wer-i `nigvzis

kani~, Sdr. osuri (← qarT.) war� `kani~, ze-war-i, zan. (megr.)

yˆl-a º yil-a `nigvzis/kaklis garekani~) ~ s.-daG. *yyyyar- `Tma,

safari~ (xunZ. yor, and. yur `cxenis Tma~, hunz. yur `qalis

Tma~, lak. yara º yar‰ `Tma~, lezg., Tab., aG., ruT., xin. yar,

wax. ya ɺr, bud., kriw. yer, arC. yarˆ `Tma, safari~).

s.-qarTv. zzzz ~ s.-daG. jjjj

(1) s.-qarTv. *zzzzal-a `wKali (mariliani)~ (qarT. zala (sa-

ba), zan. jver-i `sveli, wKliani~, jvar-u-a `wveTeba, sveleba~,

svan. jˆr- `dasveleba~) ~ s.-daG. *jjjjan-a `wveni; dvrita~ (xunZ. ja

`Gvino~, and. jono `sirofi~, tind., boTl., bagv., God. jana

`Gvino; KurZnis wveni~, did. Sa�, xvarS. Sa `Gvino~, lak. jini

`dvrita, kveTi~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *zzzzem- `drois gasvla, jami~ (qarT. da-zm-a,

xan-da-zm-ul-i, zan. jam-, miTa-jam-i `Zveli dro~) ~ s.-daG.

*jjjje(m)- `dGes, axla~ (xunZ. jö-Ká, and. je-lÀal, axv. je-lÀa, kar.

je-l-i `dGes~.., bej. jen-sa `dGes~, hunz. je àxla~), Sdr. afx.

…a-jº¥, abaz. u-j…ˆ àxla~;

(3) s.-qarTv. *zzzzar-d- `zrda~ (qarT. zard-/zrd-a, zan. rd-

←*zrd- `zrda~, svan. rd- ←*zrd- `zrda~) ~ s.-daG. *d-ijin-

`zrda~ (xunZ. r-ij-, axv. r-ij-, yam. r-ijin-, tind. r-ijin-.., bej.

r-ij-, darg. d-uz- `zrda~);

(4) s.-qarTv. *bzzzzek- `wveri~ (qarT. a-bzek-a, zan. (megr.)

bjak-e `wveri~) ~ s.-daG. *mejjjjeg- `wveri, ulvaSi~ (xunZ. meg¡j,

and. migaju, kar. migaj, God. migaju `wveri~, did. meSogla, hin.

boSolka `wveri, ulvaSi~, ud. qáJ-ux `wverebi~).

s.-qarTv. ssss ~ s.-daG. ssss

(1) s.-qarTv. *ssss…el-(a) `Zlokvi~ (qarT. m-svl-ik-i, sven-i,

fsven-i, zan. (megr.) Svel-a `gvelxokera~, svan. S…�l `xvliki~,

82

S…al�-S `xvlikisa~) ~ s.-daG. *SSSSer-(a) `muclis yia~ (God. Sír-

ka `muclis yia~, lak. Síra àskaridi~, darg. Siri, kub. Si…a ɺ�

`muclis yia~, lezg., Tab., aG. Sar, ruT. Sar-ak, kriw. Ser-b� `muclis yia~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *assssk- àskili~ (qarT. askil-i, zan. (laz.)

oSk-i (top.)) ~ s.-daG. *SSSSek-i º*keSSSS-i àskili~ (yam. yis´ ← k½is,

tind. k½eSú, bagv. k½eS´…, God. kiSú.., lezg. Siki, Tab. Ski,

ruT. kaS-kal(-bˆr), wax. kaS-kale àskili~);

(3) s.-qarTv. *mossss- `Zafi~ (qarT. mos-, mos-el-i (saba), zan.

moS-, o-moS-ir-i `qselSi siganiT gasavlebi Zafi~) ~ s.-daG.

*muSSSS-(i) `bawari~ (xunZ. muS´ `lafani, xralis bawari~, yam.

nisú, God. mirSí `bawari~...);

(4) s.-qarTv. *qurssss-l `qusli~ (qarT. qusl-i, xevs. qursl-i,

zan. qu(r)s-i `qusli~) ~ s.-daG. *q…anSSSS(u)- `terfi, fexi, TaTi~

(axv. q…aSi, yam. q…ansá, kar. q…aSa, tind. q…anSá, bagv. q…anSá

`terfi, fexi; TaTi~, xvarS. q…aSu, inx. q…aSu `TaTi, fexi~,

darg. qu ɺS `fexi~, aG. quS-mul `qaCaCi, Cliqi~).

saKuradGebo Cans saerTokavkasiuri fuZe-enidan momdina-

re intensiuri (grZeli) Tanxmovnebis refleqsacia orive Jgu-

fis enebSi. saerTodaGestnuri cccc ´́́́ da wwww´́́́ intensivebi ucvlelad

Semogvenaxa xunZur-andiur qveJgufSi, sxvagan cccc ´́́́/wwww´́́́ sada sibi-

lantebs SeerwKa, xolo saerToqarTvelur fuZe-enaSi wwww´́́́ spora-

dulad bifonemur wKwKwKwK harmoniul-decesiur kompleqsad

CamoKalibda, Sdr.:

s.-qarTv. *wKwKwKwKon- `muxa~ (qarT. {wKon-}, top. wKn-eT-i, wKn-

or-i, zan. yKon-i º ykon-i `muxa~, svan. la-yKor-a `samuxe, muxe-

bi~) ~ s.-daG. *wwww ´́́́an- èkali, Gvia~ (xunZ. wíni, and. wána, axv.

wána, tind. cáni, kar. wána, boTl. wána, bagv. wána, God. cáni

èkali, Gvia~, Tab. wam-wam (redupl.) àskili, kenkra~).

wwww ´́́́ intensivis fSvinvieri cccc ´́́́ korelati Sesabamisad cxcxcxcx kom-

pleqsiT aris warmodgenili qarTvelur ena-kiloebSi. amgvar

niadagze gaCnda Jgufebs Sorisi bgeraTSesatKvisoba:

s.-qarTv. cxcxcxcx ~ s.-daG. cccc ´́́́

83

(1) s.-qarTv. *reccccxxxx- `recxva~ (qarT. recx-v-a, sa-rcx-el-i,

zan. o-rCx-u `recxva~, o-rCx-al-i- sa-rcx-el-i, svan. li-rCx-ˆn-e

`wKalSi gavleba~) ~ s.-daG. *d-icccc ´́́́- º *r-icccc ´́́́- `recxva~ (xunZ.

r-iC´- `dasveleba~, axv. r-ic´- `wKalSi gamovleba~, yam. r-ic´-

`sveli~, tind. r-iC´- `dasveleba~, kar. r-iC´- `dasveleba~, lak.

r-isú- ←*r-i-cú-, darg. d-ic- º d-irc- º -ic `recxva~, wax. o-

ca `siTxis dineba~, xin. rˆc- `recxva~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *m-cxcxcxcx…- `cxoba, cxeleba~ (qarT. cxv-eb-a, na-m-

cxv-ar-i, zan. (laz.) mCxv-af-a `cxeli~, v-o-mCx-un-am `vacxeleb~)

~ s.-daG. *b-ercccc ´́́́- `Sewva~ (darg. b-erc´/b-uc´-a, lezg. b-uc-, aG.

uc-, ruT. b-isa-, wax. ƒ-ec-, bud. ƒ´-as-, arC. sesa- (redupl.) `Se-

wva, wva~);

(3) s.-qarTv. *dercxcxcxcx- `simsuqne~ (qarT. drencx-i `msuqani

da zanti~, svan. d�cx º dacx º d�cx-… `simsuqne~) ~ s.-daG.

*darcccc ´́́́- `msuqani~ (Tab. darc´, aG. darc´ `msuqani~);

(4) s.-qarTv. *cxcxcxcxam- `GvarZli~ (qarT. sxam-i ←*cxam-i, zan.

(laz.) Cxam-i `Sxami~, svan. cxam `GvarZli~) ~ s.-daG. *cccc ´́́́im- `bra-

zi~ (xunZ. cín, and. sím, axv. sími, yam. sím, tind. sími, kar.

síme, boTl. sími, bagv. sím, God. sími, did. semi, hin. seme,

xvarS. semi, bej. simo, junz. sˆmi, lak. sí, darg. sume, lezg.,

Tab., aG., ruT. seb, arC. sám `brazi~).

84

p ap ap ap a aaaa t a c x at a c x at a c x at a c x a d ad ad ad a i ai ai ai a

zzzzoooogi megi megi megi megrugrugrugruli toli toli toli topopopoponinininimis marmis marmis marmis marTeTeTeTebubububulililili ganganganganmarmarmarmartetetetebibibibisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis ( ( ( (nonononoyyyyaaaadedededenininini, , , , okokokokvanvanvanvantitititieeeeSiSiSiSi,,,, SoSoSoSonanananayyyyaeaeaeae, , , , xirxirxirxirzezezezenininini, , , , nanananafafafafarorororonininini, , , , okue da sxvokue da sxvokue da sxvokue da sxv.).).).)

samegrelos regionuli toponimiis masalebis gamocemis

erT-erTi pirveli cda iKo givi eliavas `abaSisa da gegeykoris

raionebis toponimika~ (Tb., 1977). zog SemTxvevaSi toponimTa

amosavali fuZeebis ganmarteba swori da misaGebia, magram

wigns Tavidan bolomde gasdevs ori mniSvnelovani nakli: a.

toponimebi dasaxelebulia saxeldebul obieqtTa gansazGvrisa

da lokalizaciis gareSe; b. toponimTa ganmartebani araiSvia-

Tad Sors dgas yeSmaritebisagan. davasaxelebT zog SemTxvevas:

1. nonononoyyyyaaaadedededenininini ganmartebulia rogorc `nasamyedlari~ (ix.

gv. 101, 179). sinamdvileSi toponimis Tavdapirvel mniSvnelo-

basTan arafer SuaSia samyedlo da amosavalia botanikuri no-

meni yyyyaaaadiadiadiadia (yadie, yadio), rac aGniSnavs erTgvar sokos, rZi-

ans, sakvebad vargiss (Sdr.: imer. yyyyaaaadodododo, , , , yyyyaaaaduaduaduadua _ sokoa erTgva-

ri; gur. yyyyaaaadadadada, , , , yyyyaaaadadadada----iiii _ myada; balaxeuli mcenare; soko). me-

grulSi yadia yadisyadicaa (e.i. fetvi).

2. ooookkkkvanvanvanvantitititieeeeSiSiSiSi `saixve~ (gv. 106). amgvari ganmartebac ax-

los dgas e.w. cruxalxur etimologiasTan da emKareba topo-

nimsa da amosaval fuZed sagulvebel leqsemas Soris ramdenime

bgeris identurobas. am SemTxvevaSic etimoni warmoadgens bo-

tanikur nomens. kvankvankvankvantitititilalalala erTgvari tkbilZirxvniani mcenarea,

romelic a. maKaSvilis `botanikur leqsikonSi~ dasaxelebulia

rogorc qarTuli buskanturas megruli semantikuri ekvivalen-

ti (Sdr.: ray. kvantila, imer. skvantila). amave fuZes Seicavs

toponimi okvantilec (CxorowKus r-ni, sof. nafiCxovo). b.-m.

TqmaSi amosaval fuZes miuGia forma kvantia (kvantila � kvan-

tiáa � kvantia � o-kvanti-e-Si).

3. SoSoSoSonanananayyyyae ae ae ae `svanis yala~ (gv. 118). am mikrotoponimSi SoSoSoSo----

nananana adgilis saxelia (da ara eTnonimi). rogorc Cans, igi warmo-

85

iqmna Sonurona formis haplologiiT: Sonuri (KurZnis JiSia)

� Sonurona � Sona. rogorc cnobilia, sxva enidan toponimis

gadmoGebisas orfuZiani toponimis pirveli komponenti, rome-

lic TviTon warmoadgens toponims, ar iTargmneba. maSasadame

Sonayae niSnavs `Sonas yalas~.

4. nanananafafafafarorororonininini Targmnilia rogorc `nafulari, naKidi~ (gv.

131). cxadia, avtorisaTvis amosavalia sitKva fuli. faqtobri-

vad ki toponimis fuZea fa fa fa farorororonininini, rac niSnavs: 1. tevri, xSiri

tKe; 2. simindis fuCeCis Sesanaxi an TavTavebis gasaSrobi nalia-

seburi nageboba. amgvar farduls, Cveulebriv, KanaSive dgamdnen.

5. xirxirxirxirzezezezenininini `saxizari~ (gv. 140). saxeldebuli obieqti

mdebareobs taleris Temis sakrebulos sof. nobulevis Semoga-

renSi da warmoadgens sammxriv ferdobebiT SemosazGvrul vake-

tafobs. ferdobebi CamorGveul- CamoSlil-Camorecxilia. swo-

red amgvari obieqti aGiniSneba sazogado saxeliT xixixixiiiiiriririri.... maSa-

sadame: xiiri � xiiriS rzeni �xirzeni.

6. okueokueokueokue `sakue~ (gv. 57, 147). saxeldebuli obieqti, rome-

lic wignis avtoris mier araa lokalizebuli, warmoadgens xevs

md. laxvaSiis marcx. mxares (sof. ledgebe) da mas ewodeba ok-

vie//okue. am xevSi xarobs mxalSi gasarevi balaxeuli mcenare kviokviokviokvio.

a. maKaSvili qarT. tKiuras semantikur ekvivalentebad Tvlis ray.

kvliavs da megr. kvies. am mcenares imerul dialeqtSic kvliavi

ewodeba. maSasadame, okue aris `sakvliavo~ (da ara `sakue~).

7. CeCeCeCeSoSoSoSonananana `TeTri svanuri~ (gv. 100, 112, 116, 147). amas

mosdevs informatoriseuli swori ganmarteba (`aq maGali

Txmelisa da xurmis xeebze miSvebuli Kofila TeTri oJaleSis

JiSis vazi. amitom am vels CeSonas eZaxdnen~ da TviT avtoric

180-e gverdze saxelwodebis motivacias sworad warmogvidgens:

`CeSona _ CeSi Kofila maGlarze~). maSasadame, CeSi (vazis Ji-

Si) � CeSona. avtori sxva SemTxvevebSic aseve mcdarad ganmar-

tavs: uCauCauCauCaSoSoSoSonananana `Savi svanuri~ (gv. 89), kokokokololololoSoSoSoSonananana `mware svanu-

ri~ (gv. 155). samwuxarod, amgvari araswori ganmartebani av-

torze miTiTebiT gaparula o. qaJaias fundamentur `megrul-

qarTul leqsikonSic~, sadac vkiTxulobT: `CeCeCeCeSoSoSoSonananana botan. va-

86

zis JiSia~ (t. 3, gv. 301); `uCauCauCauCaSoSoSoSona na na na _ botan. . . . vazis JiSia er-

Tgvari~ (t. 3, gv. 761). Sdr. swori ganmarteba: `kokokokololololoSiSiSiSi bo-

tan. vazis JiSia erTgvari Savi KurZnisa~ (t. 2, gv. 156). saqmeg-

reloSi vazis JiSTa erTi nawilis saxeli warmoqmnilia Kur-

Znis JiSis an gemos gamomxatveli sitKvisagan naTes. brunvis

niSnis (-Si) darTviT: Ce (`TeTri~) � CeSi `TeTrisi (vazis Ji-

Sia. isxams TeTr KurZens) � CeSona `CeSis venaxi~; uCa `Savi~

� uCaSi `Savisa~ (vazis JiSia. isxams Sav KurZens) � uCaSona

`uCaSis venaxi~; kolo `mware~ � koloSi `mwaresi~ (vazis Ji-

Sia. KurZens momwaro gemo aqvs) � koloSona `koloSis vena-

xi~ da sxv. (yiTaSi � yiTaSona, dGundGuSi � dGunduSona...).

8. nanananamimimimikokokokoááááuuuu wignis 136-e gverdze `ganmartebulia~ ro-

gorc `nakolari~(?!). cxadia, leqsikonis avtori eKrdnoba erT-

erTi informatoris gadmocemas, rom aq amzadebdnen koloebs

_ patara surebs da adgilsac amitom daerqva nakoáu. magram

ra viKoT na- prefiqssa da savaraudebel fuZes Sua `Cakvexe-

bul~ -mimimimi komponents. an ras niSnavs nakolari? sinamdvileSi,

mikrotoponimi warmoqmnilia gvarsaxelisagan: nikola(va) � na-

nikolu `nikolavas nacxovrebi adgili~ � namikolu (disimila-

cia: � n-n � n-m) � namikoáu (b.-m. TqmaSi). soflis oficialu-

ri saxelwodebaa namikolavo (namikolavo pirveli _ Tamakonis

TemSi da namikolavo meore _ didi yKonis TemSi).

9. ooooGGGGaaaayyyyueueueue erTgan ganmartebulia rogorc `Gayuebis (gva-

ria) ubani~ (gv. 151 Tumca gvarisagan ubnis saxelebis sawarmo-

eblad megrulSi gamoiKeneba lelelele---- da sasasasa- prefiqsebi, oooo ki _

araviTar SemTxvevaSi). magram ociode gverdis Semdeg avtori

dasaxelebuli toponimis mniSvnelobas ganmartavs rogorc `sa-

kreyi, saparsi~ (gv. 176). amgvari ganmarteba ki sworia: oGayue

ewodeba wKarosa da mindors kurzus satKeo zonaSi, sadac,

Cveni informatoris gadmocemiT, `kreydnen cxvars mTis saZov-

rebidan dabrunebis Semdeg. mosaxerxebeli adgilia, kldeSi

momwKvdeuli, aqvea wKaroc~. maSasadame, oGayue marTlac

aGniSnavs `sakrey adgils~ (da ara Gayuebis ubans).

87

a l e qa l e qa l e qa l e q s i s i s i s i y i ny i ny i ny i n y ay ay ay a r ar ar ar a uuuu l il il il i

`̀̀̀vevevevefxistKaosfxistKaosfxistKaosfxistKaosnisnisnisnis~ ~ ~ ~ avavavavtotototoris saris saris saris sadadadadauuuurorororobis sabis sabis sabis sakikikikiTxiTxiTxiTxisasasasaTvis Tvis Tvis Tvis ((((heheheherurururuli mimGeoli mimGeoli mimGeoli mimGeobebebebebi bi bi bi `̀̀̀vevevevefxistKaofxistKaofxistKaofxistKaosansansansanSiSiSiSi~~~~))))

moqmedebiTi da vnebiT gvarebis mimGeobebze msJelobisas

akad. a. SaniZe brZanebs: `gagagagamqcemqcemqcemqcevivivivi. . . . gamqcevi da wamqcevi oriv GmerTs exveweboden~... gamqcevia, vinc gaiqceva, wamqcevia, vinc waaqcevs, maSasadame, `gamqcevi~ vnebiTi gvaris mimGeobaa, `wa-

mqcevi~ ki _ moqmedebiTisa, magram orive erTnairadaa gaforme-

buli.

mimimimimwemwemwemwevivivivi.... zemore damowmebuli andaza vaja-fSavelas aseTi

saxiT mohKavs: `gamqcevi da mimwevi _ oriv GmerTs exvewebo-

dao~... am SemTxvevaSi mimwevia is: vinc mieweva, vinc cdilobs,

rom miewios, maSasadame, piriani zmna vnebiTia~ (1. 603-604).

moqmedebiTi da vnebiTi gvarebis mimGeobebis erTi da

imave formiT gamoxatva imdenad Cveulebrivi movlena Kofila

qarTuli enis heheheherulrulrulrul (dGevandel _ inininingigigigilolololourururur) kiloSi, rom

es formebi Semonaxulia `vefxistKaosnis~ enaSi da, raGa Tqma

unda, ingilourSi. ganvixiloT zogi maTgani.

1. avTandili eubneba tariels:

`mognaxes, gZebnes Kovelgan, maT ruka dauweria,

ver naxes Seni nanananaxuxuxuxulililili verca Kma, verca beria~ (286;

291/289).

aris ikiTxvisi _ mnaxavi (EGHJKOT) da T1-Si mnaxveli-c, magram ZiriTad xelnawerTa umravlesobaSi ikiTxeba naxuli da, sruliad kanonierad, ibeydeba es forma. Zvel gamocemebSi (b q

kar a b y w) daibeyda naxuli, mnaxavi daibeyda kak in 57 gamo-cemebSi. es formebi maTi bunebrivi SinaarsiT `vefxistKaos-

nSic~ arsebobs: `missa mnaxavsa nanananaxuxuxuxulililili aGara moewonebis~ (696;

701/699) da sxva, magram zemoT damowmebul konteqstSi `naxu-

li~ aris `mnaxavi~, `mnaxveli~. avtori aseTive gagebiT am for-

88

mas sxvaganac iKenebs. viTom meliq-surxavis Svilis sacoled

rom miiKvanes nestan-dareJani:

viT mzeman, misni myvretelni Seqmnna Tvalisa mfaxvelad;

mefaman brZana: &gamxada nanananaxuxuxuxulililili me unaxvelad,

GmrTisagan kide vinmc iKo kaci amisad msaxvelad!@ (1176;

1180).

aq ikiTxvisebi aGara gvaqvs, magram taepSi misi sapirispi-

ro unaxvelad gvidasturebs, rom `naxuli~ aqac `mnaxvels~ niS-

navs. amave zmnis sxva formebiT amas adasturebs rusTvelis

mSobliuri heruli (resp. ingilouri) dialeqti:

`nananananaxnaxnaxnax mnaxveli, naxuli. emi nanax (xazgasma aqac da qvemo-

Tac Cemia, a. y.) heCminam ara (amis mnaxmnaxmnaxmnaxvevevevelililili aravin araa); siz-

mar nananananaxnaxnaxnax qali (sizmris mnaxmnaxmnaxmnaxvevevevelililili qali)~, magram: `Cem nananananaxnaxnaxnax siz-

mar gamcxarevÆ (Cemi nanananaxuxuxuxulililili sizmari amxdomia)~. da kvlav: è

qal er lamaz qal Kofil, heCminam nananananaxnaxnaxnax rum ar Kofil (es qa-

li iseTi lamazi Kofila, rom aseTis mnaxmnaxmnaxmnaxvevevevelililili sruliad ara-

vin Kofila)~ (2222. 343-344).

imave zmnis da- preverbiani mimGeobebi: `dadadadanananananaxnaxnaxnax damnaxve-

li, danaxuli. er lamaz gada� qnil, rum dadadadanananananaxsnaxsnaxsnaxs Tol dahCev

(iseTi lamazi vaji gamxdara, rom dadadadamnaxmnaxmnaxmnaxvelsvelsvelsvels Tvali zed darCe-

ba). magram: èes dadadadanananananaxnaxnaxnax ra�m ara dénéaze (es qveKanaze ararararnanananaxuxuxuxu----

lililili ramea)~ (2222. 146).

saerTo fonisaTvis vnaxoT ingilouris zogi sxva zmnis

mimGeobac. `mamamamanadnadnadnadèvvvv 1. anTebuli, mokidebuli; 2. amnTebeli,

momkidebeli; 3. mosakidebeli, asanTebi. `lamfa� mamamamanadnadnadnadèvvvv ra�m

sadaa?~ (3). dadadadananananamarxmarxmarxmarx dammarxavi; damarxuli. _ Sél ar maq,

zma� ar maq, heCminam ar maq (aravin ar mKavs), Cem dadadadananananamarxmarxmarxmarx min

saqnelÆa? (Cemi damdamdamdammarmarmarmarxaxaxaxavivivivi vin iqneba?); mo�, amovaTxrevnoT imi

dadadadananananamarxmarxmarxmarx adgil, iqnev exlac Sig mTelÆ (modi amovaTxrevinoT

is adgili, sadac isaa dadadadamarmarmarmarxuxuxuxulililili, iqneb axlac Sig cocxalia).

89

2222. ra yiri kacsa sofelman mouTmos mouTminaman,

qacvi lerwamman, zafrana imsgavsos ferad minamaman,

avTandil misman mxsenebman Gawvi cremliTa mimimiminananana manmanmanman,

wvrilad uambo ambavi man, misman momomomonasnasnasnasmimimiminanananamanmanmanman (686;

691/689)

`misi monasmina~ anu tarielis ambis momomomomsmemsmemsmemsmenenenenelililili aris av-

Tandili. es mimGeobac gaxlavT heruli da igi Semounaxavs im

kilos memkvidre ingilours:

`mamamamanasnasnasnasmenmenmenmen, dadadadanasnasnasnasmenmenmenmen msmeneli, Kuris damgdebi. _ sam vaSl

mamces, erT Senze movaqdi (|| moaqdi || moaqondi) (SenTvis mo-

mqonda), erT _ naGil-naqnaribe (zGapris mTqmelisaTvis), erT

_ mamamamanasnasnasnasmemememeninininibebebebe (msmenelisTvis); haqTon hKéri, dadadadanasnasnasnasmenmenmenmen minaa?

(ramdens vKviri, magram Kuris damgdebi vinaa?)~ (2222. 91).

zogi ram kvlav zogadi fonisaTvis vTqvaT. SehKrisSehKrisSehKrisSehKris sxvas

garda, `vefxistKaosanSi~ niSnavs _ `Seaxvedrebs~, `SeaerTebs~:

`[GmerTma] aGar SegKarSegKarSegKarSegKarnnnnaaaa, gagKarna, xeli gqmna cremlTa dade-

niT!~ (927; 930/931); `gvale, SegKriSegKriSegKriSegKri, lomo, mzesa, Tavi misken

are, mare!~ (1527; 1531/1532). Sesabamisad aris mimGeoba

SemKreSemKreSemKreSemKrelililili: `[asmaTi] Tqveni SemKreSemKreSemKreSemKrelililili, msaxuri, Sengan Gir-

sqmnili xmobisa~ (896; 900/899). vinc viGacas `gahKares~ an

`gaeKara~ misi Sesabamisi mimGeobaa gaKrigaKrigaKrigaKrilililili, romelic mxolod

erTxel dasturdeba tesqtSi: ìqa gaKrilgaKrilgaKrilgaKrilnininini miJnurni munamca

SeviKareniT~ (879; 883/882).

amis nacvlad ixmareba gamKregamKregamKregamKrelililili: misTa gamKrelgamKrelgamKrelgamKrelTaTaTaTa daaz-

robs (975; 978); misTa gamKrelgamKrelgamKrelgamKrelTaTaTaTa nakadi Casdis sisxlisa Gva-

risa (1320; 1325); gamoemarTa tariel, gamKrelgamKrelgamKrelgamKrelnininini cremlsa

Gvridesa (1441; 1446/1447)...

rusTvelisTvis sruliad bunebrivi es formebi abnevs

rogorc poemis gadamwerebs, ise dGevandel redaqtor-gamomcem-

lebs. tarieli ambobs nestan-dareJanze:

àw mikvirs, mimimimisisisisi gamKregamKregamKregamKrelililili guli mic kldisa tinisa~

(417; 422). aris amisi aseTi variantebi: 3 xelnawerSi _ mimimimisisisisi

gaKrigaKrigaKrigaKrilililili, rac Kvelaze ufro upriani Cans, magram 8 xelnawerSi

90

ikiTxeba mimimimisisisisi gamKregamKregamKregamKrelililili, rac, rogorc vnaxeT, rusTveluri Se-

sitKvebaa da mas aqvs amis analogiuri taepi:

`marTal-a SeSeSeSenininini gamKregamKregamKregamKrelililili TvaTvaTvaTvalililili, Tu cremlsa Gvridesa~

(1012; 1016)... amas tarieli eubneba fridons gamomSvidobebi-

sas. sadavo taepi bolo, 1988 wlis akademiur gamocemaSi ase

daibeyda: àw mikvirs, mismismismissasasasa gamKrelgamKrelgamKrelgamKrelsasasasa guli mic kldisa tini-

sa~ (417; 422/419). am ikiTxviss mxolod erTi xelnaweri uyers

mxars. oqmi ar aris da ar vici, riT amarTlebs redaqcia am

ikiTxvisis upiratesobas.

3333. daTqmul dros misul avTandils tarieli adgilze ar

daxvda, igi SeSfoTebulia; asmaTi cdilobs mis damSvidebas da,

sxvaTa Soris, eubneba:

`JerT misi msgavsi sasJeli arca vis ambad smenia:

araaraaraara TuTuTuTu kackackackacTaTaTaTa, sasJeli qvaTaca SeSeSeSesaZsaZsaZsaZrwerwerwerwenianianiania...~ (847;

851/850).

mimaCnia, rom xazgasuli ikiTxvisebi ar ekuTvnis poemis

avtors.

a) araaraaraara TuTuTuTu, dGevandeli TavlsazrisiT am ikiTxviss arafe-

ri syirs dasawunari da swored es aGZravs eyvs, ratom, saidan

gaCnda es variantebi: Tu ara ar _ ABM, aramTu _ F, Tvara da _ H, Tvaramar _ J, Tvara ar _ KOTY, Tu ar ar D1, ara Tu _

CDERWX. ZiriTad xelnawerTa umravlesoba (6) àra Tu~-s

uyers mxars da akademiurma gamocemebmac is dabeydes [ZiriTad

xelnawerTagan eqvss (NPQSZ-s) es strofi aklia].

rogorc mkiTxvels moexseneba, nawilakebi `Tu~ da àr~,

rogorc sxva sitKvebTan ise erTmaneTTan kontaqtSi Zalian

xSirad gvxvdeba poemis teqstSi: àra Tu~ aGmoCnda mxolod

am- da 1564, 1569 strofebSi, romelTa CanarTobaze calke mo-

gviwevs msJeloba. zemore damowmebul ikiTxvisTagan avtografi-

dan momdinared mimaCnia sami ZiriTadi da sando (ABM) xelnawe-

ris Cveneba: TuTuTuTu araaraaraara arararar kackackackacTaTaTaTa: pirvel gadamwerTagan erT-erTma

TvaTvaTvaTvarararara-s magier SecdomiT dawera TuTuTuTu araaraaraara, riTac taeps marcva-

li moemata da sxva ikiTxvisebic gaCnda. SeadareT analogiuri

91

Secdomebi: `TvaTvaTvaTvarararara vismc eqmna gvarliTa Sekrva Tavisa mrTeli-

sa!~ (254; 258/257). ikiTxvisebi: Tu arca vismca _ E, Tu ar vismca _ FXZ, Tu ar vismc _ N.

b) absoliturad Kvela xelnawerSi ikiTxeba SeSeSeSenaZnaZnaZnaZrwerwerwerwenianianiania

da, ra Tqma unda, es aris rusTveliseuli, herul-ingilouri

forma. SeSeSeSesaZsaZsaZsaZrwerwerwerwenianianiania ikiTxeba mxolod D1-Si da axalma komisiam

es miiCnia avtografiseulad, xolo a. SaniZisa da al. baramiZis

1966 wlis gamocemaSi daibeyda a. SaniZis konieqtura _ SeSeSeSemaZmaZmaZmaZ----

rwerwerwerwenianianiania.

angariSi gauwies xelnawerTa dajinebul Cvenebas da SeSeSeSe----

naZnaZnaZnaZrwerwerwerwenianianiania dabeydes: brosem, CubinaSvilma, qarTveliSvilma, ka-

riyaSvilma, kakabaZem da abulaZem; SeSeSeSesaZsaZsaZsaZrwerwerwerwenianianiania _ yiyinaZem, in-

goroKvam, wereTelma da 1957 w. gamocemis redkolegiam. xelna-

werTa Cvenebasac rom Tavi davaneboT, versad wauvalT kiTxvas:

Tu poetis avtografSi ewera sruliad gasagebi SesaZrwenia an SemaZrwenia, saidan da rogor gaCnda Teqvsmetidan cxra Ziri-Tad xelnawerSi (ADCDEFMWX), romlebsac es strofi Semouna-

xavs. SenaZrwenia? Kvela gadamnusxveli xom heri ar iKo, rom

misi dialeqtis mixedviT `gaemarTa~ geniosi poetis teqsti?

umravles xelnawerTa monacemis dausabuTeblad ignorireba

teqstologiuri principis darGveva da teqstis avtoris Seu-

racxKofaa. didad samwuxarod, `vefxistKaosnis~ teqstSi aseTi

darGvevebi Jer kidev bevria. am mimarTulebiT muSaoba grZel-

deba da, me mgonia, perspeqtiuladac. axla ki mimaCnia, rom gan-

xiluli taepi unda daibeydos ase: `TvaTvaTvaTvarararara arararar kackackackacTaTaTaTa, sasJeli

qvaTaca SeSeSeSenaZnaZnaZnaZrwerwerwerwenianianiania~.

dadadadamowmowmowmowmemememebubububulililili lilililiteteteterarararatutututurararara

1. a. SaniZe, qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi, Tbilisi,

1953 w.

2. r. GambaSiZe, qarTuli enis ingilouri kilos leqsiko-

ni, Tbilisi, 1988 w.

3. n. rostiaSvili, ingilouri leqsikoni, Tbilisi, 1978 w.

92

n in in in i n en en en e l i y ol i y ol i y ol i y o x ox ox ox o n en en en e l il il il i Z eZ eZ eZ e

mamamamaragragragrag---- sitKvis issitKvis issitKvis issitKvis istotototoririririiiiisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

qarTulSi mamamamaragragragrag- fuZian omonimur sitKvaTa erT-erT

cals warmoadgens Semdegi mniSvnelobis mamamamararararagigigigi `rac momavalSi

gamoKenebis mizniT aris dagrovebuli, Sesanaxavad gadadebu-

li~. mag.: bunebrivi gamoKenebiTi simdidre, codnis maragi,

sitKvebis maragi.

ganmartebiT bargi barg- iaraGi, sayurveli, mamamamararararagigigigiaaaa (mz.

andronikaSvili).

Cveni azriT mamamamararararagigigigi ← marmarmarmargigigigi º margebeli `sargeblobis mo-

mtani, gamosadegi~.

samecniero literaturis mixedviT marmarmarmargigigigi ase iSleba mmmm----aaaa----

rgrgrgrg----iiii (b. JorbenaZe, m. kobaiZe, m. beriZe).

migvaCnia rom marmarmarmargigigigi sasubieqto mimGeobaa. mamamama- prefiqsia,

rgrgrgrg _ (rgeba) ki saerTo qarTveluri Ziria (h. fenrixi, z. sa-

rJvelaZe), xolo fuZeSi aaaa-s gaCena semantikuri diferenciaciiT

unda iKos gamowveuli. Sdr. meisari da meisre; meJvre da meJva-

re; mzardi da mzrdeli...

n in in in i n o x an o x an o x an o x a x ix ix ix i a Sa Sa Sa S v iv iv iv i l il il il i cicicicisartsartsartsartKKKKelaselaselaselas a a a aGGGGmniSmniSmniSmniSvnevnevnevneli leqli leqli leqli leqsisisisikikikikisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis qarqarqarqarTulTulTulTulSiSiSiSi

`Seiswavlo ena, misi awmKo da warsuli kulturasa da

mis istoriasTan kavSirSi _ es niSnavs, Seiswavlo Kvelaze ar-

sebiTi, Kvelaze faseuli, rac gvaqvs enaSi, rogorc sazogado-

ebriv movlenaSi~ (arn. Ciqobava).

cnobilia, rom nebismier enaSi pirobiTad SeiZleba ori

fena gamoiKos: miTosuri da istoriuli. pirveli (anu miTosu-

93

ri) asaxavs simboloebad gardaqmnil garesamKaros, meore ki

(istoriuli) _ Sesabamisi sazogadoebrivi formaciisaTvis da-

maxasiaTebel realiebs aqcevs enobriv sinamdviled. `miTosuri

azrovnebis~ gamovlineba (arsebiTad) _ es aris garesamKaros

konkretul movlenaTa aGqma simboluri ganzogadebebis saxiT

da maTi gardaqmna Sesabamis gamoxatulebebad. enaSi xdeba mi-

Tologiuri transformacia adreuli kosmogoniuri warmodge-

nebisa.

amis naTeli magaliTia ci ci ci cisartsartsartsartKKKKelaelaelaela: materialur

samKaroSi arsebobs Svidferi rkali, romelic Cndeba mzis mo-

pirdapire mxares wvimis wveTebSi mzis sxivebis gardatexiT.

esaa obieqturi, realuri monacemi, romlis Sesabamisi leqsiku-

ri erTeulebi sxvadasxva enaSi sxvadasxvagvar motivaciazea age-

buli (formis, feris da a. S. mixedviT). qarTuli enobrivi si-

namdvilisaTvis igi c i s s a r t K e l i a, `cicicicisartsartsartsartKKKKelaelaelaela~ (zan.-

megr. cacacacaSortSortSortSortKKKKafafafafuuuu, svan. dedededeceSceSceSceS lartlartlartlartKKKK || dedededece lartce lartce lartce lartKKKK). cicicici----

sartsartsartsartKKKKelas elas elas elas sinonimebad leqsikonebSi dadasturebulia mSvilmSvilmSvilmSvil----

didididi, ciscisciscis mSvilmSvilmSvilmSvildidididi, iriiriiriirisesesese. mag., sulxan-sabas `sitKvis kona~: `cicicici----

sartsartsartsartKKKKelaelaelaela (cisartKeli BC) cis mSvildi... keTili niSania mra-

valgzis misi gamoCineba. n. irise, cis-mS‚ldi...~

sagulisxmoa niko CubinaSvilis ganmarteba: `ciscisciscismSvilmSvilmSvilmSvildidididi

mdabiurad cisartKela, berZulad irise, nawvimarzed Grubel-

Ta Soris gardavlebuli kamara ferad-feradad Semkobili (da-

bad. 9-13, 14) оооо, оооооо~ (n. Cubin., qarT. leqsik. rus. Tar-

gmaniTurT). am ganmartebaSi `mdabiurad~, SesaZloa niko Cubi-

naSvili gulisxmobs arasaliteraturo, cocxal metKvelebas,

radganac bibliis uZveles qarTul xelnawerebSi Kvelgan

`mSmSmSmS‚‚‚‚lllldidididi dasturdeba: `[hrqua ufalman GmerTman noves:]...

mSmSmSmS‚‚‚‚lllldsadsadsadsa Cemsa davsdeb GrubelTa Sina da iKos saswaulad

aGTqumisa Cemisa Soris Cemsa da Soris Tquensa. da iKos, ra-

jams movavlino Grubeli queKanasa da gamoCndes mSmSmSmS‚‚‚‚lllldidididi igi Ce-

mi GrubelTa Sina. da moviƒseno aGTquma� igi Cemi...~ (dabad. 9,

13-15).

`da vixile angelozi Zlieri, gardamomavali zeciT, da

94

emosa Grubeli, da irise, romel ars mSmSmSmS‚‚‚‚lllldi cidi cidi cidi cisasasasa�� ber-

Zulebr, iKo Tavsa zeda missa; da piri misi, viTarca mze...~

(gamocx. 10, 1)... da sxv.

xevsurul dialeqtSi cisartKelas `mSvildmSvildmSvildmSvild----isaisaisaisararararanininini~ ewo-

deba: `mSvildmSvildmSvildmSvild----isaisaisaisaranranranran Camadges, etKob, akarebas apirobs (Sdr.

a. San.: mSvild-isarani)~ (al. yiny., xevs. leqsik.).

akaki SaniZe mTis kiloTa leqsikonSi, romelic erTvis

dialeqtur teqstebs, wers: `mSvildmSvildmSvildmSvild----isaisaisaisariririri ƒ., mamamamaririririaaaamis mis mis mis

sartsartsartsartKKKKelielielieli gud., mT. moƒ., TiTTiTTiTTiT----bebebebeyyyyeeeeda da da da T. cisartKela~... iqve:

`mamamamaririririaaaamis sartmis sartmis sartmis sartKKKKeli eli eli eli gud., moƒ., ma ma ma maririririeeeemis sartmis sartmis sartmis sartKKKKelielielieli mT.,

mSvildmSvildmSvildmSvild----isaisaisaisara ra ra ra fS., mSvildmSvildmSvildmSvild----isaisaisaisarrrraaaanininini ƒƒƒƒ., ƒaƒmatSi (ƒevsureTSi)

gavigone cis girkala�, magram uarKofen~ (ak. San. I).

akaki SaniZe xevsurul mSvildmSvildmSvildmSvild----isaisaisaisaransransransrans (`cisartKelas~

mniSvnelobiT) wova-TuSuris kalkad miiCnevs, Tumca SesaZlebe-

lia, aGniSnuli leqsikuri erTeulebi sxvadasxva enaSi damou-

kideblad iKos damkvidrebuli.

daviT da niko qadagiZeebis `wova-TuSur-qarTul-rusul

leqsikonSi~, romelic arnold Ciqobavas redaqtorobiTaa

gamocemuli 1984 wels, cicicicisartsartsartsartKKKKelaselaselaselas SesatKvisia wov.-TuS. dadadada----

lelelelennnn at at at atKKKK----wawawawaqiqiqiqi, sadac dadadadalelelelennnn aris GmerTi~, atatatatKKKK----wawawawaqi qi qi qi `mSvild-is-

rebi~, e. i. sitKva-sitKviT `GvTis mSvild-isrebi~.

cisartKela, rogorc GmerTis (anda cis, angelozebisa da

sxva zeciuri arsebebis Tu movlenebis) iaraGi (mSvildi), niSa-

ni, gza, TaGi (an rkali) da a. S. aisaxeba sxvadasxva xalxis mi-

Tologiur da religiur gadmocemebsa da enaSi, eris enobrivi

cnobierebis Sesabamisad.

95

l al al al a l i x ul i x ul i x ul i x u y u ay u ay u ay u a

rerererelilililigigigigiur terur terur terur terminminminminTa asaxTa asaxTa asaxTa asaxva ruva ruva ruva rusul gansul gansul gansul ganmarmarmarmartetetetebbbbiTiTiTiT da Tarda Tarda Tarda TargmniT leqgmniT leqgmniT leqgmniT leqsisisisikokokokonebnebnebnebSi Si Si Si

1. rusul marTlmadideblur saeklesio terminTa leqsi-

konis mixedviT «ооооооооо – оооооооо» didi asoTi iwereba

GvTisa da GvTismSoblis saxelebi, agreTve is nacvalsaxelebi

da zedsarTavi saxelebi, romlebic maT miekuTvnebian. aseve iwe-

reba arsebiTi da zedsarTavi saxelebi (arsebiTis mniSvnelo-

biT), romlebic aGniSnaven ufals da GvTismSobels:

оооооооооооо, ооооооооо, оооооооо, оооооооооо… 2. angelozTa dasis aGmniSvneli sitKvebi iwereba agreTve

didi asoTi: оооооо, ооооооооо, ооооо ооооооооо, оооо оооооооо…

aseve iwereba im Jvris aGmniSvneli sitKvebi, romelzec macxova-

ri iKo gakruli: ооооооо о оооооооооооо ооооо, ооооо оооооооо…

Kvela sxva SemTxvevaSi iwereba patara asoTi: ооооо оо оооо

ооооо ооооооо (ооооооооо), ооооооо оооо ооооооо… 3. eklesiis aGmniSvneli sitKvebi iwereba didi asoTi:

оооооо ооооооо, оооо оооооооо, agreTve eklesiis saxelwodebebi:

оооооооооо оооооооооооо ооооооо da sxva konfesiis eklesiebic:

оооооооооооо ооооооо, оооооооооооооо оооооо… 4. wmindanTa dasaxelebebi _ patara asoTi: оооооооо,

оооооооо, ооооооооо, ооооооооооо… eklesiis mTavarTa titulebi

da mimarTvis formebi _ didi asoTi: ооооооооо о оооооооооооо

ооооооооо-оооооооо оооо оооооо, ооооооооо оооо ооооооо… ооо оооооооооооо, ооо оооооооооооооооооооо…

5. didi asoTi: 1. Kvela sauflo dGesaswauli: ооооо,

оооооо ооооо, оооооооо оо оооо ооооооооо оооооооооо… 2. marxve-

bis dasaxelebebi: ооооооо оооо… 3. wminda werilis wignebis sa-

xelwodebebi: оооооо оооооо, ооооо, ооооо… 4. Svidive saidumlos

saxelwodebebi: оооооооо ооооо…

6. es principi ZiriTadad daculia Zvel leqsikonebSi: _

dalis rusuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi, CubinaSvilis qar-

Tul-rusul leqsikonSi da darGveulia revoluciisSemdgom

96

gamocemebSi: uSakovis, ojegovis da sxva ganmartebiT Tu Tar-

gmniT leqsikonebSi.

7. axal qarTul-rusul leqsikonSi, romelic mzad aris

gamosacemad, aGdgenilia zemoTCamoTvlili orTografiuli wesebi.

n in in in i n o J o rn o J o rn o J o rn o J o r b eb eb eb e nnnn aaaa Z eZ eZ eZ e

----av av av av / / / / ----eb eb eb eb / / / / ----ob Teob Teob Teob Temis nimis nimis nimis niSanSanSanSanTa moTa moTa moTa monacnacnacnacvlevlevlevleoooobibibibisasasasaTvis Tvis Tvis Tvis qarqarqarqarTuTuTuTuli enis dili enis dili enis dili enis diaaaaleqleqleqleqtebtebtebtebSiSiSiSi

1. rogorc cnobilia, saliteraturo enis ----ebebebeb TemisniSni-

ani, pirveladi masdarebisagan nawarmoebi (jikjikjikjikjijijijikebskebskebskebs, , , , jrikjrikjrikjrikjrijrijrijri----

kebskebskebskebs, , , , bardGalebsbardGalebsbardGalebsbardGalebs, , , , titKinebstitKinebstitKinebstitKinebs) zmnebis Sesabamis dialeqtur

formebSi Temis niSnad umetesad ----obobobob dasturdeba. Sdr.: sasasasalilililiteteteterarararatutututurorororo didididiaaaaleqleqleqleqttttuuuuriririri kakanebs kakanobs

yikyikebs yikyikobs

caxcaxebs cixcixobs

yiyKinebs Kiyinobs

yuyKunebs KuKunobs

Grutunebs GruCunobs

samagierod, ----ebebebeb Temis niSani SenarCunebulia aqtivebisagan

piris klebiT miGebul formebSi: akakakakvarvarvarvarkvakvakvakvalefs lefs lefs lefs (akankalebs),

aZanaZanaZanaZanZgaZgaZgaZgalefs lefs lefs lefs (aZagZagebs).

2. rogorc zemoT ukve aGvniSneT, dialeqtebSi ----obobobob Temis

niSani, ZiriTadad, ----ebebebeb mawarmoeblis nacvlad gamoiKeneba, Tum-

ca xandaxan am dros saliteraturo qarTulSic ----obobobob gvaqvs: sasasasalilililiteteteterarararatutututurorororo didididiaaaaleqleqleqleqtutututuriririri cqvitobs cqiturobs

borialobs forialofs

fxakurobs fxakurofs (----obobobob > ----ofofofof)

3. saintereso suraTi ikveTeba saliteraturo enisa da di-

aleqtebis aaaa((((vvvv))))----obobobob da ----obobobob TemisniSnian formaTa mimarTebisas:

97

erTi mxriv, saliteraturo qarTulSi gvaqvs mxolod aaaa((((vvvv))))----

obobobob ((((yKumyKumyKumyKumpapapapalalalalaobsobsobsobs, , , , KurKumeKurKumeKurKumeKurKumelalalalaobsobsobsobs), dialeqtebSi (amave Zireb-

Tan) _ sufiqsi ----obobobob ((((yKamyKamyKamyKampapapapalofslofslofslofs, , , , KurKurKurKuryuyuyuyumamamamalofslofslofslofs); meore mxriv,

saliteraturo qarTulSi fuZe mxolod ----av av av av Temis niSniT aris

warmodgenili (frifrifrifrinavsnavsnavsnavs), xolo dialeqtebSi igive forma aaaa((((vvvv))))----

obobobob warmoebiT dasturdeba (frinfrinfrinfrin----aaaa((((vvvv))))----obobobob----ssss). bolo SemTxvevaSi

dialeqtebma aaaa((((vvvv))))----obobobob sufiqsi daniSnulebisamebr gamoiKenes: aq

aGniSnuli mawarmoeblis saSualebiT gamoixateba intensiuri,

mravalgzisi da refleqsuri moZraoba; iseve, rogorc es cucucucurrrr----

aaaa((((vvvv))))----obobobob----ssss tipis zmnebTanaa saliteraturo qarTulSi; Sdr.:

curcurcurcur----avavavav----ssss (erTgzisi moqmedeba; aseve: `curva icis~)

curcurcurcur----aaaa----obobobob----ssss (mravalgzisi moqmedeba; aseve: `am wuTas curaobs~)

da

frinfrinfrinfrin----avavavav----s s s s (erTgzisi moqmedeba; aseve: `frena icis~)

frinfrinfrinfrin----aaaa----obobobob----s s s s (mravalgzisi moqmedeba; aseve: `am wuTas frinaobs~)

saliteraturo enaSi meore mniSvnelobasac frifrifrifrinavsnavsnavsnavs forma

gamoxatavs (oGond zmniswinebis meSveobiT: da/mi/mo+frinavs),

xolo dialeqtebma ki amisaTvis axali, ufro Sesaferisi zmna

(frifrifrifrinanananaobsobsobsobs) awarmoes (raxan aGniSnuli forma, ZiriTadad, meo-

re mniSvnelobiT ixmareba, frifrifrifrinavsnavsnavsnavs varianti aq aGar dastur-

deba).

rac Seexeba yKam yKam yKam yKampapapapalofs lofs lofs lofs tipis zmnebs, am SemTxvevaSi dia-

leqtebma ekonomia gaswies da formas zedmeti -aaaa (----avavavav Temis

niSnis naSTi) CamoaSores. saqme isaa, rom am ----aaaa-s maSin aqvs

funqcia, rodesac ori opoziciuri wKvili gvaqvs (cucucucurararara----avavavav----s s s s _

curcurcurcur----aaaa((((vvvv))))----obobobob----ssss); sxva SemTxvevaSi (rodesac ar gvaqvs sapirispi-

ro cali ****yKumyKumyKumyKumpapapapalobslobslobslobs, , , , ****KurKumaKurKumaKurKumaKurKumalobslobslobslobs, , , , radgan Ziris leqsiku-

ri mniSvneloba mravalgzisobasa da refleqsurobas gulis-

xmobs), dialeqtebi yarb niSans (romelic formaSi analogiiT,

pirdapir KalibSi fuZis Casmis Sedegad aGmoCnda) iSorebs.

yKamyKamyKamyKampapapapalofslofslofslofs, , , , KurKurKurKuryuyuyuyumamamamalofs lofs lofs lofs formebi ----aaaa-s gareSec gamoxataven

mravalgzis da refleqsur moqmedebas.

amasTan dakavSirebiT KuradGebas iqcevs aseve TebTebTebTebzobszobszobszobs

forma (Tevzaobs). aqac, radgan TevTevTevTevzobs zobs zobs zobs ---- Tev Tev Tev Tevzazazazaobsobsobsobs dapirispi-

98

reba realurad enaSi ar xorcieldeba (gansxvavebiT, vTqvaT,

cicicicigobs gobs gobs gobs _ ci ci ci cigagagagaobsobsobsobs tipis SemTxvevebisagan), dialeqtSi zmnas

CamoSorda yarbi Temis niSani.

4. axuaxuaxuaxuriariariaria, , , , uyiuyiuyiuyiriariariaria, , , , akakakakriariariaria tipis formebis warmoeba unifika-

ciis procesis mimaniSnebelia. ena ufro Sorsac wavida: sain-

tereso viTarebas gviCvenebs am mxriv KivaKivaKivaKiva, , , , CiCiCiCivavavava, , , , kikikikivavavava, , , , yKivayKivayKivayKiva, , , , CaCaCaCa----

nananana, , , , wvawvawvawvanananana, , , , sZisZisZisZinia nia nia nia formebi, romlebic TavianTi statikuri Sina-

arsis gamo dialeqtebSi statikuri zmnebis daradve gaformda.

aGniSnuli movlena qarTuli enis dasavlur dialeqtebSia

dadasturebuli (leCxumuri, guruli...). aGmosavleT saqarTve-

los mTis kiloebSi sapirispiro viTarebaa (Tumca esec unifi-

kaciis tendenciiT aixsneba): rogorc cnobilia, aq statikur

formebSi damkvirda ----av av av av TemisniSniani warmoeba: asasasasxavxavxavxav, , , , xkixkixkixkidavdavdavdav, , , ,

swesweswesweravravravrav.... mesame subieqturi piris ----s s s s niSani aGar ixmareba, al-

baT sapirispiro aqtivebTan (asasasasxamsxamsxamsxams) omonimiis Tavidan acile-

bis mizniT.

5. saKuradGeboa is faqti, rom Tanamedrove Tbilisur sa-

saubro da internet-forumebis enaSi qarTuli enis dialeqte-

bidan ufro dasavlurisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli formebia ga-

vrcelebuli, rasac am regionidan dedaqalaqSi mosaxleobis mi-

graciis maGali procentuli maCveneblis garda Tavad dialeq-

tizmebis bunebac unda gansazGvravdes, romlebic eqspresiulo-

biTa da sxvadasxva, mravalferovani niuansebis gadmocemis una-

riT gamoirCeva. aGniSnul (sasaubro) metKvelebaSi xSirad

gvxvdeba aseTi formebi: abarabarabarabarZgvaZgvaZgvaZgvalebTlebTlebTlebT (Zlier akankalebT, aZag-

ZagebT vinmes danaxvaze), iyiiyiiyiiyifxefxefxefxeba ba ba ba (daZabuli, mkveTri, agresiu-

li moZraobebi, laparaki axasiaTebs), troKaven troKaven troKaven troKaven (uSnod da

uxamsad cekvaven) da sxva.

faqtia, rom dialeqtebSi metad cocxali, amave dros enis

ganviTarebiTa da enobrivi unifikaciis tendenciiT Sepirobe-

buli procesebi mimdinareobs, romelTa Seswavlac, sakuTriv

dialeqturis garda, bevri sxva, Tundac araenobrivi sakiTxis

garkvevaSic metad mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs.

99

proproproproeqeqeqeqti ti ti ti `̀̀̀mTis kavmTis kavmTis kavmTis kavkakakakasisisisiuuuuri eneri eneri eneri enebibibibi sasasasaqarqarqarqarTveTveTveTvelolololoSiSiSiSi~~~~

proeqti xorcieldeba qarTvelologiis, humani-

taruli da socialuri mecnierebis fondSi (rusTa-

velis fondi) mopovebuli ####026026026026----08 08 08 08 gragragragrannnntistististis meSveo-

biT.

v av av av a jjjj a S ea S ea S ea S e n g en g en g en g e l i al i al i al i a sasasasagrangrangrangranto proto proto proto proeqteqteqteqtze muze muze muze muSaSaSaSaoooobis pirbis pirbis pirbis pirveveveveli wlisli wlisli wlisli wlis SeSeSeSededededegegegegebis Sebis Sebis Sebis Sesasasasaxebxebxebxeb

sazogadoebisa da mecnierebisaTvis mniSvnelovania TiToe-

uli enisa Tu dialeqtis, rogorc samKaros originaluri

msoflxedvis, Taviseburebebis Seswavla da saTanado enobrivi

masalis fiqsireba. es miTumetes exeba im enobriv erTeulebs,

romlebzec adamianTa mcire raodenoba laparakobs, Tanac saTa-

nado enobrivi koleqtivebi mravalenovania da enobrivi kontaq-

tebi _ intensiuri. aGniSnuli enobrivi erTeulebis Seswavla

saSuria imis gaTvaliswinebiTac, rom bevri adamiani mSobliur

enasa Tu dialeqts ukve iviwKebs...

proeqti iTvaliswinebs im mcirericxovani enobrivi Jgu-

febis metKvelebis monografiul Seswavlas, romlebic saqar-

Tvelos sam raionSia gavrcelebuli kunZulebis saxiT. esenia:

xelvaCauris raionis ramdenime soflis afxaafxaafxaafxazuzuzuzuriririri (baTumel

afxazTa metKveleba, rogorc mas uwodeben), axmetis raionis

sofel zemo alvanis wowowowovavavava----TuTuTuTuSuSuSuSuriririri anu bacbacbacbacbubububuriririri da amave raio-

nis pankisis xeobis soflebis CeCCeCCeCCeCnunununuriririri (qisturi metKveleba),

Kvarlis raionis ramdenime sofelSi gavrcelebuli xunxunxunxunZuZuZuZuriririri,

bebebebejjjjiiiitutututuriririri (kapuyuri) da udiudiudiudiuuuuriririri. proeqtis ganxorcielebis

Sedegad unda miviGoT eqvsi (daaxl. 300 gverdi moculobis)

100

monografia, romlebSic warmodgenili iqneba saTanado enobri-

vi erTeulebis fonetikuri sistemis, morfologiuri da sin-

taqsuri struqturis daxasiaTeba, savele muSaobis Sedegad mo-

povebuli teqstobrivi masala da leqsikoni. savele muSaoba

ivaraudeba samJer _ TiToJer proeqtisaTvis gaTvaliswinebul

TiToeul wels.

proeqti gamarJvebulad gamocxadda mimdinare wlis ian-

vris bolos, sertifikati gadmogveca Tebervlis bolos, xolo

pirveli kvartalisaTvis dagegmili saTanado Tanxa gadmoiri-

cxa aprilis dasawKisSi. miuxedavad amisa, pirpirpirpirveveveveli kvarli kvarli kvarli kvartatatatalislislislis

gegmiT dasaxuli amocana mainc droulad Sesrulda. kerZod,

Sedgenil iqna da kompiuterSi ganTavsda samecniero litera-

turis bibliografia cal-calke sakvlevi enobrivi erTeulebis

mixedviT, agreTve, instruqcia, romelSic gansazGvrulia ad-

gilze masalis mopovebasa da damuSavebasTan dakavSirebuli sa-

kiTxebi.

memememeoooore kvarre kvarre kvarre kvartatatatalislislislis gegmis Sesabamisad, damuSavda eqvsive

sakvlevi enobrivi erTeulis Sesaxeb arsebuli samecniero li-

teratura, warmodgenil iqna misi kritikuli analizi. samecni-

ero literaturidan, gamoqveKnebuli teqstebidan da leqsiko-

nebidan amowerilia kvlevisaTvis sayiro leqsikuri erTeulebi

da frazebi. SeviZineT kompiuteri saTanado aqsesuariT da eq-

vsi cifruli diqtofoni.

mesamemesamemesamemesame kvar kvar kvar kvartaltaltaltalSiSiSiSi gaTvaliswinebuli iKo samecniero eq-

spediciebi adgilze masalis mosapoveblad, rac ganxorcielda

kidec, kerZod:

1. baTumel afxazTa metKvelebaze dasakvirveblad da ma-

salis Casawerad 7777----21 21 21 21 agagagagvisvisvisvistostostostos (n. mayavariani). xelvaCauris

raionis sofel angisaSi Caweril iqna cifrul diqtofonze da

grafikulad gabmuli teqstebi, leqsika da frazeologiuri

erTeulebi.

2. CeCnuri enis qistur metKvelebaze samuSaod pankisis

xeobis qistur soflebSi _ duisi, omalo, JoKoli, birkiani...

1111----16 16 16 16 agagagagvisvisvisvistostostostos (r. fareuliZe). mopovebul iqna teqstobrivi da

101

leqsikuri masala, romelic dafiqsirebulia rogorc diqto-

foniT, ise _ xeliT.

3. wova-TuSur (bacbur) enaze samuSaod 10101010----25 25 25 25 agagagagvisvisvisvistostostostos

(l. sanikiZe). dakvirvebis sagani iKo bgeriTi mxare da gramati-

kuli movlenebi. Semowmda adre Cawerili leqsikuri masala,

diqtofoniT dafiqsirda teqstebi da axali leqsikuri masala.

4. xunZuri enis anwuxur dialeqtze dakvirveba warmoebda

Kvarlis raionis sof. TivSi 15151515----22229999 ag ag ag agvisvisvisvistostostostos (l. azmaifaraSvi-

li). gansakuTrebuli KuradGeba mieqca lokatiuri brunvebis

warmoebisa da funqciis sakiTxebs, agreTve, zmnis formaTa war-

moebas, fonetikur movlenebs. axali masala dafiqsirda ro-

gorc diqtofonis, ise videokameris meSveobiT.

5. bejitur enaze muSaoba mimdinareobda Kvarlis raionis

soflebSi CantlisKuresa da sarusoSi 13131313----28 28 28 28 agagagagvisvisvisvistos tos tos tos (n. ar-

doteli). Caweril iqna sxvadasxva janris teqstebi da dargob-

rivi saleqsikono masala. Semowmda adre sxvaTa mier Cawerili

leqsika. masala Cawerilia diqtofonisa da videokameris daxma-

rebiT, agreTve _ xeliT. gansakuTrebuli dakvirvebis sagani

iKo saxelis bruneba.

6. udiur enis masalis mopoveba mimdinareobda Kvarlis

raionis sofel zinobianSi 13131313----28 28 28 28 agagagagvisvisvisvistostostostos (r. lolua). Semo-

wmda ukve Cawerili masala. mopovebul iqna axali masalac

(diqtofoniTa da videokameriT).

eqvsive enobrivi erTeulis masala, romelic diqtofonis

saSualebiT iqna mopovebuli, ganTavsda kompiuterSi. daiwKo

masalis grafikuli fiqsacia, saanalizo leqsikuri erTeulebi-

sa da frazebis baraTebze amowera.

eqvsi enobrivi koleqtividan samSi (CeCnuri, xunZuri, beji-

turi) mSobliur enas Kvela kargad flobs, samSi ki bevrma mSob-

liuri ena aGar icis (es gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdebs exeba).

amasTan, unda aGiniSnos, rom samecniero eqspediciebi da-

emTxva agvistoSi ganviTarebul tragikul movlenebs da im mZi-

me viTarebas, rac amis Sedegad qveKanaSi Seiqmna. aman erTgva-

rad Seaferxa samuSaoebi, magram ZiriTadi amocanis Sesruleba

102

mainc moxerxda.

memememeooooTxe kvarTxe kvarTxe kvarTxe kvartaltaltaltalSiSiSiSi dasruldeba saanalizo masalis bara-

Tebze amowera.

dasasrul, ramdenime teqnikuri xasiaTis SeniSvnas mogax-

senebT:

1. proeqtis monawileni periodulad ikribebodnen da sa-

muSaoTa mimdinareobis Sesaxeb msJelobdnen;

2. muSaobis Sedegebis eleqtronuli versia ganTavsebu-

lia kompiuterSi;

3. samecniero da finansuri angariSebi droulad miewo-

deboda rusTavelis fonds;

4. rusTavelis fondis monitoringis Jgufma oqtomberSi

Seamowma samuSaoTa mimdinareoba; Sedegi dadebiTi iKo.

proeqtis monawileni warmoadgenen moxsenebebs, romlebic

proeqtis Temas exeba: ori (n. mayavariani, r. fareuliZe) _

mTlianad Catarebul muSaobas. oTxi ki (l. sanikiZe, l. azmai-

faraSvili, n. ardoteli, r. lolua) im sakiTxebs ganixilavs,

romlebmac muSaobis am etapze miiqcia KuradGeba.

n an an an a n a m an a m an a m an a m a yyyy aaaa v av av av a r ir ir ir i aaaa n in in in i

babababaTuTuTuTumel afxazmel afxazmel afxazmel afxazTa meTa meTa meTa mettttKKKKvevevevelelelelebis Sebis Sebis Sebis Sesasasasaxebxebxebxeb. . . . IIII afxazuri enis ganviTarebis istoriis ukeT gasaTvalis-

wineblad didi mniSvneloba aqvs dialeqtur monacemTa gamo-

vlenas. am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa afxazuri metKvelebis

gamowvlilviT Seswavla afxazeTidan geografiulad mowKvetil

arealebSi.

afxazuri enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli fonologiuri, mo-

rfologiuri, sintaqsuri da leqsikuri Taviseburebani garkve-

ulwilad gansxvavebul suraTs iZleva afxazeTs moSorebul

afxazTa metKvelebaSi.

103

am mxriv sainteresoa ayaris avtonomiur respublikaSi

mcxovreb afxazTa ena.

ayaris teritoriaze amjamad mcxovrebi afxazebi arian

afxaz muhaJirTa STamomavlebi. XIX saukunis sxvadasxva istori-

ulma movlenebma ganapiroba afxazeTidan maTi gadasaxleba

TurqeTSi.

ayaris teritoriaze afxazebi dasaxldnen sxvadasxva

dros, moKolebuli 1862 wlidan.

gadasaxlebul afxazTa garkveuli nawili, romelic afxa-

zeTidan gamovida, dasaxlda baTumsa da baTumis mimdebare te-

ritoriaze. am faqtze miuTiTebs mravali saarqivo masala.

afxaz emigrantTa sxva nawili, romelic ganicdida socia-

lur da nacionalur Seviwroebas TurqeTSi, cdilobda ruse-

Tis imperiis teritoriaze dabrunebas ruseTis mTavrobis ne-

barTvis gareSe. Tavdapirvelad, afxazebi xvdebodnen ayaraSi,

rom Semdeg afxazeTs dabrunebodnen.

XIX s-is 70-80-ian wlebSi baTumi gaxda gamaSualebeli

punqti kavkasiasa da TurqeTs Soris. Kovelgvari nebarTvis ga-

reSe, afxazebi Jgufebad brundebodnen TurqeTidan baTumSi.

bolos da bolos, mravali tanJvisa da Txovnis Semdeg,

ruseTis mefis imperiam afxazebs darTo neba, rom isini dabru-

nebuliKvnen ara afxazeTSi, aramed ayaraSi.

amis Sedegad ayaris teritoriaze Seiqmna ocze meti so-

feli, romlebic dasaxlebuli iKo afxazebiTa da Cerqezi muha-

JirebiT. afxazebi saxlebodnen baTumSi da mis mimdebare teri-

toriebze (feria, fezia, qveda sameba, qalTibauri, salibauri,

iJadia, axmedia, stepanovka, Suqria, luftia, qusiadia, urexi,

minda, angisa, adlia, kaxaberi), yoroxis marcxena sanapiro

(yarnali, Txilnari, nusreTi, Cerqezluqi, KaraSalvari).

Tavdapirvelad afxazebi dafuZndnen zGvis piras. Tanda-

TanobiT afxazTa didi masa SeCerda nurieSi, SemdgomSi afxaz-

Ta soflis adgilas CamoKalibda qalaqi. afxazebi qalaqidan

daiZrnen da mimdebare teritoriaze dasaxldnen, soflebSi

(urexi, stepanovka, feria).

104

baTumel afxazTa raodenobis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva mosazre-

ba arsebobs. mag. vvvv. . . . palpalpalpalgegegegerorororovisvisvisvis cnobiT, baTumis mazraSi 1879

wels cxovrobda 9500 afxazi da Cerqezi, meore gadmosaxlebis

Semdeg (1867 w.) _ 1200.

qvemo ayaraSi, rogorc werda SSSS. . . . memememegregregregrelilililiZeZeZeZe, ramdenime

sofeli dasaxlebuli iKo mTlianad afxazebiT. maTi raodenoba

muhaJirobis dros ar aGematebda 3 aTass.

gggg. . . . ZiZiZiZiZaZaZaZaririririasasasas cnobiT, afxazTa raodenoba Seadgenda 3000

oJaxs an 10000 adamians.

XIX s.-is 80-ian wlebSi moxda afxazTa axali emigracia

TurqeTSi, ris Sedegadac afxazTa ricxvi ayaris teritoriaze

Semcirda. 1886 wlis monacemebiT, baTumSi cxovrobda 1469

adamiani (155 oJaxi). e e e e. . . . leleleleoooozizizizinisnisnisnis cnobiT, aq afxazebma `Sei-

narCunes adaT-wesebi da ena, zogma icis rusuli, kargad lapa-

rakoben qarTulad da Turqulad".

1970 wlis sakavSiro aGweriT, ayaraSi mcxovreb afxazTa

ricxvi 1361 adamiania, aqedan 982 mSobliurad afxazurs miiCnevs.

amjamad baTumeli afxazebi cxovroben xelvaCauris raio-

nis soflebSi: urexi, feria, mnaTobi, salibauri, qveda sameba,

Celta, angisa, minda, kaxaberi, adlia, yarnali, aseve baTumSi.

baTumel afxazTa ufros Taobas axsovs, rom maTi winap-

rebi afxazeTis sxvadasxva raionidan gadmosaxldnen. rogorc

moxucebi hKvebian, im afxazTa winaprebi, romlebic axla angisa-

Si, mindasa da kaxaberSi cxovroben, gadmosaxldnen ThoabHn-

idan (es teritoria kelasurisa da drandas samxreT sanapiro-

zea). isini TavianT Tavs soxumidan gamosulebs uwodeben (àKоa

~anHwHz~), meore nawili baTumeli afxazebisa, romelic cxov-

robs soflebSi feriaSi, urexSi, salibaurSi, qveda samebaSi,

adliaSi, yarnalSi, CeltaSi, gadmosaxlda mdinare bzifisa da

adleris mimdebare teritoriidan. isini TavianT Tavs axalwHs-

idan gamosulebs uwodeben (axalwHs jоlara).

baTumel afxazTa metKvelebas sagangebo monografia miu-

ZGvna eeee. . . . kilkilkilkilbambambambam ("ооооооооооо оооо ооооооооо ооооооо", Tb.,

1983).

105

rogorc mkvlevari aGniSnavs, bevr informators im sof-

lebis dasaxelebac ki SeuZlia, romlebidanac afxazebi ayaraSi

gadmosaxldnen (kilba 1983,7).

ènobrivi monacemebi adasturebs, rom baTumeli afxazebi

namdvilad afxazeTis sxvadasxva raionidan gamovidnen. maTs me-

tKvelebaSi ZiriTadad SenarCunebulia is enobrivi Tavisebure-

bani, romelic damaxasiaTebelia im adgilobrivTa metKvelebisa-

Tvis, romelsac isini gamoeKvnen.

is enobrivi Taviseburebebi, romlebic afxazTa sxvadasxva

raionis metKvelebas axasiaTebs, baTumel afxazTa enaSicaa

asaxuli~ (kilba 1983, 8).

e. kilba ganagrZobs: àrsebuli enobrivi Taviseburebebi

gvaZlevs safuZvels baTumel afxazTa metKvelebaSi gamovKoT

angisas metKveleba (im afxazTa metKveleba, romlebic angisasa

da mis axlo mdebare soflebSi cxovroben) da ferias metKve-

leba (im afxazTa metKveleba, romlebic feriasa da mis axlom-

debare soflebSi cxovroben".

e. kilbas dakvirvebiT, angisas metKveleba afxazuri enis

abjuur dialeqts uaxlovdeba, xolo ferias metKveleba ki

afxazuri enis bzifur dialeqtsa da abazuri enis aSxarul

dialeqts (kilba 1983, 8).

mkvlevari aGniSnavs, rom masze adre baTumel afxazTa me-

tKveleba sagangebod arc erT mecniers ar Seuswavlia. igi da-

sZens, rom ramdenime fraza baTumel afxazTa metKvelebis Sesa-

xeb x. bGajbas naSromSi moiZia (о. о. оооооо, оооооооо ооооооо

оооооооооо ооооо. оо., 1964, 25).

e. kilbas naSromi aris Sedegi im savele dialeqturi ma-

salis analizisa, romelic man 1976-1983 ww-Si moipova.

im baTumel afxazTa metKveleba, romlebic as welze me-

tia mowKvetilni arian afxazur dialeqtTa gavrcelebis Ziri-

Tad teritorias, iZleva friad Zvirfas masalas afxazuri enis

ganviTarebis istoriis SeswavlisaTvis.

cnobilia, rom ena Zalze swrafad icvleba, gansakuTre-

biT, rodesac gansxvavebul enobriv samKaroSia moxvedrili.

106

Cveni mizania ufro farTod ganvixiloT baTumel afxaz-

Ta metKvelebis Taviseburebebi da is cvlilebebi, romlebic

aGniSnulma metKvelebam 1983 wlidan dGemde ganicada.

e. kilbas naSroms erTvis baTumel afxazTa metKvelebis

amsaxveli Zalze mwiri masala, rac, rogorc Cans, naSromis reg-

lamentiTaa gamowveuli.

Cven vapirebT warmovadginoT baTumel afxazTa metKvele-

ba ufro vrclad qarTuli sitKvasitKviTi TargmaniTurT (bey-

duri da eleqtronuli versiebi).

Cvens naSromSi warmodgenili iqneba baTumel afxazTa me-

tKvelebis fonetikuri da gramatikuli mimoxilva, teqstebi da

leqsikoni.

proeqtis farglebSi 2008 wlis agvistoSi vimKofebodiT

ayaraSi, sadac vakvirdebodiT afxazTa metKvelebas. Cveni in-

formatori iKo feride mustafas asuli acamba, 86 wlis, fri-

ad pativsacemi qalbatoni, moskovis lomonosovis saxelobis

universitetis profesori. misgan CaviwereT diqtofoniTa da

xeliT afxazuri metKvelebis nimuSebi: zGaprebi, frazebi, an-

dazebi.

amjamad mimdinareobs mopovebuli masalis damuSaveba.

r o sr o sr o sr o s t o m f at o m f at o m f at o m f a r er er er e uuuu l il il il i Z eZ eZ eZ e

2008 2008 2008 2008 wels sawels sawels sawels sagrangrangrangranto Teto Teto Teto TemamamamassssTan daTan daTan daTan dakavkavkavkavSiSiSiSirerererebiTbiTbiTbiT CaCaCaCatatatatarerererebubububuli muli muli muli muSaSaSaSaoooobis anbis anbis anbis angagagagaririririSiSiSiSi

CeCnebi axmetis raionis pankisis xeobaSi mecxramete sau-

kunis 30-iani wlebidan cxovroben. pankisel CeCenTa metKvele-

bas, Cveulebriv, qisturs uwodeben. qisturi warmodgenilia

aGniSnuli xeobis Semdeg soflebSi: duisi, JoKolo, birkiani,

Zibaxevi, omalo, Sua xalawani. bolo aTwleulSi qistebi da-

saxldnen, agreTve, dumasturSi, qvemo da zemo xalawnebSi, wi-

107

nubansa da qoreTSi.

qisturi metKveleba CeCnuri enis sxvadasxva kilosa da ki-

lokavis narevia. misi aseTi mravalferovnebis gamo specialur

lateraturaSi dGemde ar aris dazustebuli qisturi metKve-

lebis adgili CeCnuri enis dialeqtebs Soris.

qistur metKvelebaSi ori ZiriTadi kilokavi gamoiKofa:

maisTuri (duisuri da JoKolouri TqmebiT) da xildixarouli

(omalouri Tqma). axielTa, miTxoelTa, haCarelTa, inguSTa...

metKveleba amjamad aGar gansxvavdeba maisTurisagan an xildixa-

roulisagan. xeobis sxva qisturi soflebi dasaxlebulia mais-

TelebiTa da xildixaroelebiT.

1999 wlis monacemebiT pankisSi cxovrobda daaxloebiT

eqvsi aTasi qisti.

qisturi metKveleba naxuri enebisagan didi xania, rac

izolirebulia. qarTul garemoSi qarTuli enis gavlena qis-

turze gansakuTrebiT gafarTovda me-20 saukunis 30-iani wle-

bidan, roca qistur soflebSi gaixsna qarTuli skolebi, bib-

lioTekebi (Tumca am bolo ramdenime weliwadSi xeobis Kvela

sofelSi biblioTekebi gauqmda), gavrcelda jurnal-gazeTebi,

amuSavda radio-televizia. Seiqmna orenovnebis CamoKalibebis

pirobebi. am mxriv qisturi metKveleba mkveTrad gansxvavdeba

CeCnuri enis Kvela dialeqtisagan. amdenad, qisturi metKvele-

bis Seswavla zogadenaTmecnieruli TvalsazrisiTac aris sain-

tereso.

naxur enaTagan izolirebulad ganviTarebis pirobebSi

qisturma Semoinaxa zogi arqauli movlena (gansakuTrebiT -

fonetikasa da leqsikaSi). garda amisa, TvalSi sacemia inovaci-

ebic, rogoricaa, magaliTad, klasovan-pirovani uGvlileba,

rac ucxoa CeCnur-inguSurisTvis. klasovan-pirovani uGvlile-

ba naxur enaTagan CamoKalibda wova-TuSur enaSic. qistursa

da wova-TuSurSi pirovani uGvlilebis arseboba qarTulis ga-

vleniT aris ganpirobebuli.

qisturi metKvelebis Sesaswavlad pirvel rigSi Sedgeni-

lia naxur enaTa bibliografia, romlis eleqtronuli versia-

108

ze muSaoba grZeldeba.

damuSavebulia qisturi metKvelebis (dialeqtis) Sesaxeb

arsebuli samecniero literatura. kritikulad aris Seswavi-

li n. maris, d. malsagovis, d. imnaiSvilis, i. aliroevis, i. ar-

saxanovis, a. magomedovis, s. gumaSvilisa da sxvaTa naSromebi.

calkea ganxiluli Sromebi, romlebic sagangebod qis-

turs ar exeba, magram, sxva masalasTan erTad, saanalizod mo-

xmobilia qisturis monacemebic. aseTia, magaliTad, T. goniaS-

vilis, a. yinyaraulis, k. yrelaSvilis, r. gaguas, l. sanikiZis

naSromebi.

"qisturi dialeqtis Sesaxeb arsebuli samecniero lite-

raturis kritikuli analizi" wakiTxula moxsenebad kavkasiur

enaTa ganKofilebis sxdomaze mimdinare wlis 8 ivliss.

pankisis xeobaSi mivlinebis dros Cawerili enobrivi masa-

la (simGerebi, zGaprebi, andazebi, gamocanebi, gabmuli metKve-

lebis nimuSebi...) Setanilia kompiuterSi (daaxloebiT 160

kompiuteruli gverdi). vvaraudobT, rom 2009 wlis bolomde

dasabeydad gavamzadoT 400 gverdis moculobis qisturi teq-

stebi.

garda amisa, Cawerili teqstebidan calke baraTebze amo-

werilia qisturi leqsika, vamzadebT masalas "qistur-qarTuli

leqsikonis" Sesadgenad. qistur leqsikur erTeulebTan, grama-

tikul daxasiaTebasTan erTad, miTiTebuli iqneba am leqsemebi-

sagan fonetikurad, morfologiurad, semantikurad gansxvave-

buli formebi saliteraturo CeCnurSi, rac aGniSnuli leqsi-

koniT sargeblobas gauadvilebs qisturiT dainteresebul mki-

Txvels. am mizniT TanamSromlobas vapirebT CeCnuri enis spe-

cialistebTan CeCneTSi. masalis damuSaveba leqsikonisTvis

grZeldeba.

109

l al al al a t a vt a vt a vt a v r a s ar a s ar a s ar a s a n in in in i k ik ik ik i Z eZ eZ eZ e

susususubibibibieqeqeqeqti erti erti erti ergagagagatitititiul brunul brunul brunul brunvavavavaSi woSi woSi woSi wovavavava----TuTuTuTuSuSuSuSuri ri ri ri ((((bacbacbacbacbubububuriririri)))) enis erenis erenis erenis erTi riTi riTi riTi rigis gardagis gardagis gardagis gardauuuuval zmnebval zmnebval zmnebval zmnebTanTanTanTan

wova-TuSebi, rogorc cnobilia, kompaqturad cxovro-

ben saqarTveloSi, axmetis raionis sof. zemo alvanSi (maTi

ricxvi 4000-mdea). isini orenovani qarTvelebi arian. wova-Tu-

Suri (bacburi) qarTuli enis Zlier gavlenas ganicdis. inter-

ferentuli procesebi bacburSi enaTmecnierTa KuradGebis ga-

reSe ar darCenila (a. Sifneri, i. imnaiSvili, T. uTurgaiZe, k.

yrelaSvili, i. deSerievi, r. gagua, d.-e. holiski...), es sakiTxi

monografiuladac aris Seswavlili (m. miqelaZe). am mxriv gan-

sakuTrebul interess aGZravs subieqtis-qvemdebaris warmoCena

bacburi enis gardauval zmnebTan (SemasmenelTan) mxoloobiTi

da mravlobiTi ricxvis I da II pirebSi, maSin rodesac III pir-

Tan subieqti ergatiul brunvaSi ar dasturdeba.

g a r d a m a v a l i zmnis k l a s o v a n -p i r o v a n i (resp.

pirovani) uGvlilebisas zmna subieqts samive pirSi ergatiul

brunvaSi marTavs:

mx. r. I p. asasasas (erg.) naCx �-aKo-ssss `me Kvels vyam~

II p. ahahahah´ (erg.) naCx �-aKo-hhhh´ `Sen Kvels yam~

III p. oƒusoƒusoƒusoƒus (erg.). naCx �-aK™ `is Kvels yams~

mr. r. I p. aTxaTxaTxaTx (erg.) naCx �-aKo-TxTxTxTx

II p. a�Sa�Sa�Sa�S (erg.) naCx �-aKo-�S�S�S�S

III p. oƒaroƒaroƒaroƒar (erg.). naCx �-aK™

piris niSnebi piris nacvalsaxelebisagan miiGeba

(a. Sifneri, k. gagua, k. yrelaSvili), III p.-Si piris niSani ara

gvaqvs.

raki I da II pirebi mxolod adamians _ pirovnebas

aGniSnaven da metwilad aqtiuri mniSvneloba aqvT, dinamikuri,

aqtiuri semantikis mqone g a r d a u v a l zmnebTanac IIII da II pida II pida II pida II pi----

rebrebrebrebSi CndeSi CndeSi CndeSi Cndeba suba suba suba subibibibieqeqeqeqti erti erti erti ergagagagatitititiulululul brunvaSi:

110

asasasas (erg.) v-aGo-ssss `me movdivar~

ahahahah´ (erg.). v-aGo-hhhh´ `Sen modixar

aTxaTxaTxaTx (erg.). b-aGo-TxTxTxTx `Cven movdivarT~

a�Sa�Sa�Sa�S (erg.). b-aGu----�S�S�S�S `Tqven modixarT~

III p i r S i mxolod klasis niSania warmodgenili da su-

bieqti masTan s a x elo b i T brunvaSi (wrfelobiTSi, absolu-

tivSi) dgas: mx. r. o vvvvaG™ ìs modis~, mr. r. obi b-aG™ ìsini

modian~.

rogorc gardamaval zmnebSi, ise _ gardauvalebSic III

p. I da II pirebs u n i S n o b i T (∅-ovani niSniT) upirispirdeba.

arsebobs sxvagvari axsnac _ uniSnoba fonetikuri procesebis

Sedegia (m. mayavariani, b. SavxeliSvili). orive SemTxvevaSi III

piri mainc aramarkirebulia.

naxuri enebidan inguSurSi, CaCnurSi da arc CaCnuris

qistur kiloSic, sadac piris niSnebis warmoqmnas adastureben

(i. aliroevi, d. imnaiSvili, r. fareuliZe) subieqti ergativSi

gardauval zmnebTan ar SeiniSneba (arc sxva iberiul-kavkasiur

enebSi, sadac klasovan-pirovani (resp. pirovani) uGvlileba

gvaqvs. bacburSi gardauval zmnebTan subieqtis ergativSi

warmoCenas qarTulis gavleniT xsnian an qarTuls xelSemwKob

faqtorad miiCneven (i. deSerievi. r. asaTiani).

qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi (gurulSi, ayarulSi, le-

CxumurSi, rayulSi, qvemo imerulSi, kaxurSi, qarTlurSi, in-

gilourSi, fereidnulSi, JavaxurSi, imerxeulSi) fiqsirebu-

lia subieqti ergatiul brunvaSi gardauval zmnebTan, rac am

zmnaTa aqtiur semantikasTan erTad sxvadasxva sintaqsuri si-

tuaciiTac aris Sepirobebuli (v. Tofuria, arn. Ciqobava, a.

kiziria, m. suxiSvili, gr. imnaiSvili...).

qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT, bacburSi gardagardagardagardauuuuval zmnebval zmnebval zmnebval zmneb----

Tan III pTan III pTan III pTan III p. . . . susususubibibibieqts mxoeqts mxoeqts mxoeqts mxolod salod salod salod saxexexexelolololobiTbiTbiTbiTSi SeSi SeSi SeSi SeiwKobiwKobiwKobiwKobs. aseTi mar-

Tva bacburisave niadagze aixsneba:

pirebis formirebamde saxelobiTsubieqtiani zogi

gardauvali zmna konteqstis mixedviT gamoxatavda rogorc aq-

111

tiur, ise _ pasiur mniSvnelobas, amitom ergativis paralelu-

rad saxelobiTic gvxvdeboda da iSviaTad axlac gvxvdeba aqti-

uri mniSvnelobis gardauval zmnebTan: d-ewar `devna~, Cu-

Tohár `Zili~, d-ojar `dacema~, Teƒar `GoGva~, d-adar `dafic-

eba~, TeSar `ndoba~... magaliTad:

mx. r. I p. so (sax.) º as (erg.) TeS{—} `me vendobi~

II p. hó (sax.) º ah´ (erg.) TeS{—} `Sen endobi~

III p. o (sax.) º oƒus (erg.) TeS{—} ìs endoba~

III pirma SeinarCuna subieqti saxelobiTSi, rogorc I, II

pirebTan SedarebiT naklebad aqtiurma pirma, rasac III pirSi

piris niSnis uqonlobac ganapirobebda (I, II pirebSi gvaqvs pi-

ris niSnebi, Sesabamisi piris nacvalsaxelebis ergatiuli brun-

visagan miGebuli, roca isini subieqts ergativSi igueben).

qarTulTan analogia ar unda niSnavdes imas, rom bac-

burSi upirobod gvaqvs qarTulTan interferenciis Sedegi.

marTalia, naxuri enebidan es movlena mxolod bacbu-

risTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, da amiT is qarTuls uaxlovdeba,

magram igi arc Kvela qarTvelur enaSi gvxvdeba: svanurSi erga-

tivi gardauval zmnebTan ar aris gamovlenili.

amasTanave saKuradGeboa isic, rom qarTuli enis TuSu-

ri dialeqti da fSaur-xevsurul-mTiuluri msgavs faqtebs ar

icnoben, Tumca kaxurSi (am dialeqtebTan hqonda uSualo kon-

taqti bacburs) labilurad igi fiqsirebulia enaTmecnierTa

mier. aqve unda aGiniSnos, rom saliteraturo qarTulSi sxva

SemTxvevebSic dasturdeba ergativi gardauval zmnebTan,

oGond aq rTuli procesebia subieqtis ergativSi marTvis

TvalsazrisiT _ ganviTarebuli aqtiv-pasivis povnierebis fon-

ze.

qarTulis gavlena Tu misi xelSemwKob faqtorad miCne-

va bacburSi gardauval zmnebTan ergativis subieqtad funqci-

onirebis sakiTxSi naklebad sarwmunoa, magram savsebiT mainc

ver gamovricxavT.

112

l el el el e v a n a zv a n a zv a n a zv a n a z m am am am a iiii f af af af a r a Sr a Sr a Sr a S v iv iv iv i l il il il i

zozozozogigigigiererererTi foTi foTi foTi fonenenenetitititikukukukuri mori mori mori movlevlevlevleninininisasasasaTvis kaTvis kaTvis kaTvis kaxeTxeTxeTxeTSiSiSiSi momomomosaxsaxsaxsaxle xunle xunle xunle xunZeZeZeZebis mebis mebis mebis mettttKKKKvevevevelelelelebabababaSiSiSiSi

gansaxilvelad warmodgenili xunZuri dialeqtologiuri

masala mopovebulia sof. TivSi (Kvarlis r-ni) mcxovrebi anwu-

xeli xunZebisagan. moxseneba upiratesad emKareba maT cocxal

metKvelebaze uSualo dakvirvebebs.

1. sof. Tivis mkvidri xunZebi metKveleben anwuxuri dia-

leqtis toxur da yadaqolour kilokavebze. rogorc cnobi-

lia, am or kilokavs Soris arsebobs regularuli xasiaTis

bgeraTSesatKvisobani sibilantebSi. magaliTad:

a) toxuris aramagar sisinebs yadaqolourSi SeesatKvise-

ba aramagari SiSinebi:

tox. ssss _ yad. SSSS, tox. wwww _ yad. yyyy, tox. zzzz _ yad. jjjj, tox.

ZZZZ _ yad. JJJJ.

b) toxuris magar SiSinebs yadaqolourSi SeesatKviseba

magari sisinebi:

tox SSSS ´́́́ _ yad. ssss ´́́́, tox. CCCC ´́́́ _ yad. cccc ´́́́, tox. yyyy ´́́́ _ yad. wwww ´́́́.

amjamad sof. Tivis anwuxur TqmaSi SeiniSneba SemTxvevebi

toxuri da yadaqolouri kilokavebis Serevisa. axalgazrda Ta-

obis warmomadgenelTa toxur metKvelebaze gansakuTrebiT sa-

grZnobia yadaqolouris gavlena. erTi da imave toxeli axal-

gazrdis metKvelebaSi paralelurad SeiZleba movisminoT si-

tKvebi rogorc toxuri, aseve yadaqolouri warmoTqmiT (mag.,

vas || vaS `biyi~, wa || ya `cecxli~, ƒizan || ƒijan `bavSvi~, va„an-

Zi || va„anJi `mosvla~ da sxva). es viTareba aixsneba imiT, rom

sof. Tivis mcxovrebaTa umetesi nawili yadaqoloelia, xolo

toxelTa raodenoba aq mcirea. toxursa da yadaqolour

warmoTqmebSi arsebul gansxvavebebs Tivis mkvidrni, marTalia,

grZnoben, magram arsebiT mniSvnelobas mas ar aniyeben. arc Tu

iSviaTad xdeba xolme, rom individi verc acnobierebs ise

gadadis sitKvis toxuri warmoTqmidan meore wuTSive imave si-

113

tKvis yadaqolour warmoTqmaze, imdenadaa es ukve sametKvelo

CveviT ganmtkicebuli.

aqve aGsaniSnavia isic, rom ufrosi Taobis toxur me-

tKvelebaze yadaqolouris aseTi gavlena (resp. interferen-

cia) ar SeiniSneba. sxvaoba, rasac toxuri da yadaqolouri ki-

lokavebis Sepirispireba warmogvidgens (SesatKvisobani sisina

da SiSina spirantebsa da afrikatebs Soris), dGes sof. Tivis

mkvidrTagan swored xandazmulTa metKvelebaSia wminda saxiT

daculi.

amgvari viTareba SeimCneva sof. Tivis anwuxur TqmaSi. sa-

intereso iqneboda gavcnobodiT, Tu ra procesebs aqvs amjamad

adgili TviT daGestnis mkvidr toxel-yadaqolelTa metKvele-

baSi.

2. Tivis anwuxur metKvelebaSi dasturdeba xmovanTa Se-

Kris (hiatusis) SemTxvevebi, rac saliteraturo xunZurisaTvis

(resp. Crdilouri xunZurisaTvis) uCveuloa; mag., xxxx ´́́́ereaereaereaerea (I

kl.),; xxxx ´́́́ereeereeereeeree (II kl.) `Zvirfasi~, SSSS ´́́́uleuleuleuleabababab `magari~, yyyyeeeeeeleeleeleel `maG-

lebi~, kekekekeelelelelgugugugu òriveni~, bebebebejjjjaaaaelelelel `qvislebi~... xmovanTa kom-

pleqsebi morfemaTgasaKarze warmoiqmneba xolme, Tumca arse-

bobs maTi gaCenis sxva gzebic. erTi aseTi gzaa bgeris dakargva,

magaliTad:

fuZiseuli Tanxmovani ikargeba atributivSi xxxx ´́́́alaalaalaalaTabTabTabTab

`grZeli~. mis paralelurad gvxvdeba xxxx ´́́́alaalaalaalaabababab anda xxxx ´́́́eleeleeleeleebebebeb: nuh>

xéleeb bugu `gza grZeli aris~. mravlobiTis formaa xxxx ´́́́eleeleeleeleelelelel.

fuZiseuli Tanxmovnis (dddd) gareSe warmoiTqmis xolme agreTve

zmnisarTi xxxx ´́́́adaxadaxadaxadax `qveviT~, anu paralelurad SeiZleba movismi-

noT xxxx ´́́́aaxaaxaaxaax.

fuZiseuli Tanxmovani Cveulebriv ekargebaT sitKvebs vasvasvasvas

`biyi~ da ��asasasas `gogo~, roca isini ibrunvian: erg. vavavavaasasasas ´́́́ `biyma~

(← vas-as´), naT. vavavavaasasasas ´́́́ulululul `biyis~ (← vas-as´-ul), mic. vavavavaasasasas ´́́́ibeibeibeibe

`biys (← va-as´-i-b-e); erg. ��aalaalaalaalÀÀÀÀ´́́́ `gogom~ (← �as-alÀ´), naT.

��aalaalaalaalÀÀÀÀ´́́́ulululul `gogosi~ (← �as-lÀ´-ul), mic. ��aalaalaalaalÀÀÀÀ´́́́ibeibeibeibe `gogos~ (←

�as-alÀ´-i-b-e). magaliTebi: vaas´ dedebe, �aalÀ´ bababe qumaq hu-

bun `vajiSvili mamas, qaliSvili dedas exmareba~, vaasúl vas

114

`vajiSvilis Svili (vaji)~, �aalÀúl vas `qaliSvilis Svili (va-

ji)~, babad vaasíbe „iC t¾uri `dedam vajiSvils vaSli misca~,

deded �aalÀíbe retel bosa `mamam qaliSvils kaba uKida~ da

sxva. es formebi sof. Tivis metKvelebisaTvis Cveulebrivia, xo-

lo saliteraturo xunZurisaTvis ucxoa. maT Sesaxeb cnobebi

ar moipoveba sxva dialeqtebidanac.

rodesac sitKvaSi ori identuri xmovani erTad iKris

Tavs, es grZeli xmovnis gaCenis winapiroba SeiZleba gaxdes:

x´‰x, v‰s´, �‰lÀ´ da sxva.

S. miqailovis mier anwuxurSi dadasturebulia I seriis

lokativis -dadadada formantis an misi -dddd- elementis amovardnis Se-

mTxvevebi, mag., vacás´-da (zedmiw. `Zmaze~) formis paralelu-

rad dadasturebuli aqvs vacvacvacvac ´́́́asasasas ´́́́----aaaa. miwíral-da-sá formis

gverdiT dasaxelebulia miwmiwmiwmiw´́́́iraliraliraliral----ssss ´́́́aaaa `kuTxidan~ da sxva. igive

movlena dGes SeiniSneba sof. Tivis TqmaSic, mag., hudulasásá

vixún, TuSmanasásá vixńugi `megobris geSinodes, mtrisa nu

geSinia~ (andaza)... huhuhuhududududulaslaslaslas ´́́́----aaaa----ssss ´́́́aaaa ← hudulas´-da-sá, TuSTuSTuSTuSmamamamanasnasnasnas ´́́́----

aaaa----ssss ´́́́aaaa ← TuSmanas´-da-sá.

lokativis -dadadada formanti SeiZleba amovardes nacvalsaxe-

luri formebidanac. aseT SemTxvevebSi nacvalsaxeluri forma

Tavisebur saxes iGebs. mas grZeli xmovani uCndeba dakarguli

marcvlis sanacvlod:

d‹sd‹sd‹sd‹s ´́́́ (I p.) ← di-da-sá, mag., mun rezi vugu d‹s´ `Sen kmaKo-

fili xar CemiT~.

ddddîîîîssss ´́́́ (II p.) ← du-da-sá, mag., dun rezi vugu dîs´ `me kma-

Kofili var SeniT~.

amosavali formebi (dididididasdasdasdas ´́́́aaaa, dududududasdasdasdas ´́́́aaaa) Tivis metKvelebaSi

Tavisuflad SeiZleba ixmarebodnen grZelxmovnian variantTa

paralelurad.

3. saKuradGeboa difTongTa cvlis SemTxvevebi.

rogorc cnobilia, xunZuri enis samxrul dialeqtebSi

difTongTa gamartiveba (monofTongizacia) farTod gavrcele-

buli movlenaa (S. miqailovi, arn. Ciqobava, i. cercvaZe). igi

niSandoblivia sof. Tivis metKvelebisTvisac; magaliTad, dif-

115

TongTa gamartivebis Sedegad zedsarTaul sufiqsebSi gauCina-

rebulia I da II klasis vvvv, �� niSnebi:

aaaa ← avavavav: llllÀÀÀÀ´́́́ikikikik----aaaa ← lÀík-av (I kl.) `kargi~

aaaa ← aaaa��: llllÀ´́́́ikikikik----aaaa ← lÀík-a (II kl.)

anwuxurSi dasturdeba agreTve difTongTa gamartivebis

Semdegi SemTxvevebi:

eeee ← aaaa��: Ge ìgi~ (II kl.) ← Ga�, I klasis formaSi iqneba

Ga (← Gav); llllÀÀÀÀ ´́́́eeee àq~ (II kl.) ← lÀá�, I klasis formaa lÀá (←

lÀáv); ƒƒƒƒveveveve `dawere!~, Sdr. lit. ƒva�; ququququnenenene `yame!~ ← quna�, Sdr.

lit. qvana�; yyyyveveveve `mokali!~, Sdr. lit. yva�; -dededede (kiTxviTi nawi-

laki) ← -da�: ssss ´́́́ibibibib----dededede `netav ra?~, Sdr. lit. Síb-da� da sxv.

aaaa�� difTongi ucvleli rCeba xolme zog masdarul for-

maTa auslautSi: yyyyvavavava�� `mokvla~, TaTaTaTa�� `codna~, bubububuKKKKvavavava�� `gaxmo-

ba~... aseve zogierTi sitKvis bolokidurSic, mag., utututut¾¾¾¾aaaa�� `mamam-

Tili, simamri~ (lit. vat¾ad), ��itititit¾¾¾¾aaaa�� `dedamTili, sidedri~

(lit. �at¾ad), bebebebejjjjaaaa�� `qvisli~ (lit. baja), „„„„adaadaadaada�� àmaod~ (lit.

„adada)...

difTongi ��aaaa kargavs srul xmovan aaaa-s, Tu es difTongi

maxviliani iiii-s uSualo mezoblobaSi aGmoCndeba: wwwwiiii��bbbb ← w¢�ab

àxali~, visvisvisvis´¢´¢´¢´¢��TTTT ← vis´¢�aT, Sdr. lit. vas´¢�aT ànderZi~,

rurururuKKKK¢¢¢¢��TTTT ← ruK¢�aT (qalis sakuTari saxelia), CCCC¢¢¢¢��ssss ´́́́ ←C¢�as´

`kacma~ (erg. br.), CCCC¢¢¢¢��ssss ´́́́ulululul ← C¢�asúl `kacis~ (naT. br.),

gurgurgurgurjjjj¢¢¢¢��zulzulzulzul `qarTvelebisa~ ← gurj¢�azul da sxv. SesamCnevia

��aaaa difTongis sruli gaqrobac xmovnis momdevno poziciaSi:

CilCilCilCil `kacebi~ ← Ci�al, CulCulCulCul `cxenebi~ ← Cu�al...

erTi da imave sitKvis sxvadasxva formebSi SeiniSneba

difTongisa da xmovnis monacvleoba. magaliTad:

vavavava || oooo: s´vala `movida~ uarKofiT formaSi iqneba ssss ´́́́oleoleoleole----

yyyyuuuu àr movida~; tvatvatvatva `wavida~, Sdr. uarK. forma totototoneneneneyyyyuuuu àr

wavida~ (SeiZleba iTqvas agreTve tvetvetvetveneneneneyyyyuuuu)... aseve veveveve || oooo: hvehvehvehve

`moitane!~, Sdr. akrZ. forma hohohohogugugugu àr moitano!~ da sxva.

4. KuradGebas iqcevs bolokiduri aaaa xmovnis kveca I seri-

is lokativis -dadadada, -tatatata formantebSi. es tendencia gansakuTre-

biT axalgazrdebis metKvelebas axasiaTebs, mag., babababakalkalkalkal----dddd àd-

116

gilze~ (← bakal-da), mumumumu„„„„ruzruzruzruz----dddd `mTebSi~ (← mu„ruz-da), avavavav----

lalalalaƒƒƒƒalalalal----dddd) `mindorze~ (← avlaƒal-da), SaSaSaSahahahaharalralralral----dddd `qalaqSi~ (←

Saharal-da), gulgulgulgullalalala----dddd (← gulla-da): gullad h>ajimurad Ta-

naru `tKviam haJimuradi ar icis~ (andaza)... nacvalsaxelebSi:

ddddiiii----tttt (← di-ta): babad biS dit `dedam miTxra me~, ninininijjjjeeee----tttt (←

nije-ta): deded nijet hiKri `mamam Cven. gvkiTxa~... ricxviT sa-

xelebSi: ananananwit sowit sowit sowit so `TerTmeti~, ananananwit kiwit kiwit kiwit kigugugugu `Tormeti~, ananananwitwitwitwit

TabTabTabTabgugugugu `cameti~ (← anwi-ta), KKKKot soot soot soot so òcdaerTi~, KKKKotototot kikikikigugugugu

òcdaori~, KKKKot Tabot Tabot Tabot Tabgugugugu òcdasami~ (← Ko-ta) da sxva.

aaaa xmovani auslautSi ekveceba daSorebiTis (elativis)

formantsac, mag., rurururuKKKKiiii----ssss ´́́́ `saxlidan~ (← ruKi-sá), ruxruxruxrux½½½½oooo----ssss´́́́

`tKidan~ (← rux½o-s´), dadadadababababa----ssss ´́́́ ìqidan~ (← daba-sá), SSSSqoqoqoqolallallallaldadadada----

ssss ´́́́ an SqoSqoSqoSqolalalala----ssss ´́́́ `skolidan" (← Sqolal-da-sá), hhhh>>>>alalalaltutututu----ssss ´́́́ `samu-

Saodan" (← hhhh>>>>alalalaltutututu----ssss ´́́́aaaa)...

axalgazrdebis metKvelebaSi holokiduri a ekveceba ag-

reTve zmnur formants, mag., KKKKuuuutitititi----nnnn `yris~ (← Kuti-na), huhuhuhububububu----nnnn

àkeTebs~ (← hubu-na), hhhh>>>>aaaaltiltiltilti----nnnn `muSaobs~ (← h>alti-na) da sxva.

n on on on o d a r a rd a r a rd a r a rd a r a r d od od od o t et et et e l il il il i

hihihihiaaaatutututusis sasis sasis sasis sakikikikiTxiTxiTxiTxisasasasaTvis beTvis beTvis beTvis bejjjjiiiitur enatur enatur enatur enaSiSiSiSi

cnobilia, rom bejituri enis fonotaqtikisaTvis hiatusi

niSandoblivi ar aris. xmovanTa TavKra arc mis axlomonaTesave

enaTaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli.

bejitur enaSi hiatusis superacia xdeba intervokalur

poziciaSi sonantebisa (��, …………) da laringaluri abruptivis (‡‡‡‡)

CarTviT, mag.: iiii��oooo `deda~, hiiiinnnn��amu `nacari~, Koooo…………aaaa `bavSvi~,

buuuu…………al `keTeba~, So‡ao‡ao‡ao‡a (hunz., Sdr. bej. Soal "id".) `daviwKeba~

da sxva misT.

garda zemomoKvanili nimuSebisa, dasturdeba iseTi maga-

liTebic, romlebSic hiatusi daZleuli ar aris. erTmaneTis

117

miJriT ori xmovnis povniereba ufro metad bejituri enis hun-

zibur dialeqts axasiaTebs da gvxvdeba rogorc Zireul mo-

rfemebSi, ise morfemaTa miJnazec, mag.: mi‰i‰i‰i‰ `dasveleba~, boooooooor

èrTgvari winda~, bogooooal‘ `mimwuxri~, inSeeeeaaaarto àxlaxan~, zaaaa----

iiiifab àvadmKofi~, `susti~, naaaaiiiib `naibi~, siKeeeeaaaannnnKu (< qarT. ciKvi

+ anKu `Tagvi~) `ciKvi~ da a. S.

hiatusi metwilad Tavs iCens neologizmebSi, mag.: radioioioio

`radio~, pooooeeeez(d) `matarebeli~, miliciiiiaaaaner `milicioneri~, so-

ciiiiaaaalizm `socializmi~...

SeiniSneba metad saintereso movlena iseT saxelebSi,

romlebSic erTmaneTis mimKol nazalur xmovanTa superacia ar

xdeba. es Sepirobebuli Cans intervokalur poziciaSi nazalu-

ri elementis arsebobiT. rac Seexeba odindeli reducirebuli

nazaluri Tanxmovnis nazalurobis koeficientis dadgenas, mas

eqsperimentuli kvleva-Zieba syirdeba. nazalizacia, rogorc

yarbi artikulaciuri movlena, erTgvarad hiatusis superacias

axdens, mag.: tuuuunnnnaaaa `babuawvera~, waaaannnnaaaannnn "mSvildi~ (mSvild-isrisa,

akvnisa), aaaa >> >>nnnn >> >>aaaa >> >>nnnnd‰ `gugulis xmianoba~ da misT.

m. xalilovis bejitur-rusul leqsikonSi (1995) gvxvdeba

iseTi formebi, romlebsac intervokalur poziciaSi xmovan-

TgamKarad ori �� aqvT, mag.: yaaaa��oooo `mrudi~, TuTaaaa��aaaa àluminis

feri~, diiii��aTaTaTaT `brali~, G��÷÷÷÷ `daxeuli~, baaaa��aaaa `laqa~...

Tu analogiur magaliTebs genezisis TvalsazrisiT ganvi-

xilavT, maSin meore ��-c (�� < rrrr) rekonstruirdeba (so��a <

sor�a 1. `cxeni~, 2. `talGa~...), Tumca sinqroniul doneze an

ase unda Caiweros soisoisoisoi��aaaa, anda ase sosososo��iaiaiaia. intervokalur pozi-

ciaSi ori ��-s realizacia naklebad savaraudoa.

hiatusi ufro metad axasiaTebs saqarTveloSi warmodge-

nili bejituri enis sarusosa da CantlisKuris metKvelebas,

rac gamowveuli unda iKos interferenciuli procesebis mo-

qmedebiT, kerZod, hiatusis mqone qarTuli enis zegavleniT,

mag.: sof. sarusos metKvelebaSi gvxvdeba koriaiaiaia (Sdr. bej.

ko��aaaa < kor��aaaa "id".) `beyedi~, buauauaua (Sdr. bunz. buuuu…………aaaa, bej.

buŸal "id".) `keTeba~, `gaCena~ da misT.

118

r or or or o m a n l om a n l om a n l om a n l o l u al u al u al u a

inininintentententensisisisiuuuuri Tanri Tanri Tanri Tanxmovxmovxmovxmovnnnneeeebibibibisa da absa da absa da absa da abrupruprupruptitititivevevevebisbisbisbis SeSeSeSesasasasaxeb udixeb udixeb udixeb udiur enaur enaur enaur enaSiSiSiSi

2008 wlis 13 agvistodan 28 agvistomde Cven samecniero

mivlinebiT vimKofebodiT sofel oqtomberSi (zinobianSi). mi-

vlineba ganxorcielda sagranto programiT `mTis kavkasiuri

enebi saqarTveloSi~ da miznad isaxavda masalis Segrovebasa da

fonetikuri sistemis zogierTi sakiTxis Semowmebas savele pi-

robebSi.

inininintentententensisisisiur Tanur Tanur Tanur TanxmoxmoxmoxmovanvanvanvanTa saTa saTa saTa sakikikikiTxiTxiTxiTxi. samecniero literaturaSi

gamoiTqva ori gansxvavebuli mosazreba intensiurebis Sesaxeb.

vl. fanCviZis, evg. JeiraniSvilis da v. gukasianis azriT,

udiurs moepoveba SiSina afrikatebis da Sisina spirantebis

intensiuri (mKovari) korelatebi: JJJJ ´́́́ CCCC ´́́́ yyyy ´́́́ jjjj ´́́́ SSSS ´́́́ (fanCviZe 1949;

JeiraniSvili 1971; gukasiani 1963; misive 1965). v. gukasiani

maT rigs umatebs sisina afrikat wwww ´́́́ -s (gukasiani 1963;1965).

vl. fanCviZe am bgerebs Semdeg sitKebSi afiqsirebs: SSSS ´́́́umumumum `pu-

ri~, jjjj ´́́́eeee `qva~, SSSS ´́́́alalalaldedededesunsunsunsun àduGeba~, yyyy ´́́́ooooyyyy ´́́́aaaa `wiTeli~... (fanCviZe

1940, 706); v. gukasiani _ Semdeg sitKvebSi: eeee ´́́́SSSS ´́́́ `vaSlis xe~,

oooojjjj ´́́́ulululul `kudi~, konkonkonkonJJJJ ´́́́uxuxuxux `patroni~... (gukasiani 1963,85); evg. Jei-

raniSvilTan gvaqvs: SSSS ´́́́uuuu `Game~, baCbaCbaCbaC ´́́́ àsi~, aCaCaCaC ´́́́iiii `dakarguli~

`damaluli~, KKKKaaaayyyy ´́́́ `tkivili~ yyyy ´́́́apapapap `gamqrali~... (JeiraniSvili

1971,14).

a.diri aGniSnavs mxolod SSSS ´́́́ -s (diri 1904,2).

gansxvavebuli mosazreba intensiurebis Sesaxeb udiurSi,

b. gigineiSvilma gamoTqva. misi azriT, samecniero literatu-

raSi mjGeri intensiurebis jjjj ´́́́ SSSS ´́́́ postulireba (aseTi bgerebi

arc erT iberiul-kavkasiur enaSi ar gvxvdeba!) da intensivobis

korelacia erT lokalur rigSi (SiSinaTa) eyvqveS aKenebs inten-

siurTa mTeli rigis kvalifikacias. maTi ìntensivoba~, b. gigine-

iSvilis azriT, mTel rig SemTxvevebSi, gamowveulia faringalize-

bul xmovnebTan mezoblobiT (gigineiSvili 1977, 61-63).

119

b. Talibovi iziarebs b. gigineiSvilis mosazrebas (Tali-

bovi 1980,181).

mivlinebisas Cven gadavamowmeT is sitKvebi, sadac, mkle-

varTa azriT, intensiuri Tanxmovnebi unda gvqonoda. Cveni da-

kvirvebiT, àraintensiuri~ da ìntensiuri~ SiSina Tanxmovnebi

gamoiTqmis erTnairad, anu dGesdGeobiT zinobianis metKvele-

baSi TanxmovanTa dapirispireba intesiurobis da araintensiu-

robis mixedviT ar SeiniSneba.

evg. JeiraniSvils intensiurebis fonemurobis sailustra-

ciod mohKavs Semdegi magaliTebi: SSSS ´́́́uuuu `Game~- SuSuSuSu `vin~, baCbaCbaCbaC´́́́

àsi~- baCbaCbaCbaC `qvevrze dasafarebeli qva~, aCaCaCaC ´́́́iiii `dakarguli~ `dama-

luli~, aCiaCiaCiaCi `TamaSi~, KKKKaaaayyyy ´́́́ `tkivili~- KKKKaaaayyyy `viwro~, yyyy ´́́́apapapap `gamqra-

li~- yyyyapapapap `vazi~ (JeiraniSvili 1971,14). sainteresoa aGiniSnos,

rom Kvela zemoCamoTvlil magaliTze informantebisgan Semde-

gi ganmarteba miviGeT _ es erTi da igive sitKvebia, oGond

TiToels ori mniSvneloba aqvso.

specialistTa Canawerebis Sedarebisas, an, miT ufro er-

Ti mkvlevris masalebSi, TvalSisacemia erTi da imave sitKvis

gansxvavebulad Caweris faqtebi: zogan intensiuriT, zogan ki

araintensiuriT, mag.: evg. JeiraniSvilis monografiaSi ùdiuri

ena~; iiiijjjj ´́́́ (gv. 22) _ iiiijjjj (gv. 208, 249) `Tovli~, jjjj ´́́́olololol (gv. 214) _

jjjjolololol (gv. 33, 78) `sacobi~, uuuuyyyy ´́́́ (gv. 22) _ uuuuyyyy (gv. 217, 254)

`Tafli~, kakakakayyyy ´́́́iiii (gv. 28, 219) _ kakakakayyyyiiii (gv. 255) `brma~, yyyy ´́́́ooooyyyy ´́́́aaaa (gv.

220, 258) _ yyyyooooyyyyaaaa (gv. 32) `wiTeli~.

istoriulad, udiurisTvis, intensivobis mixedviT dapi-

rispireba damaxasiaTebeli unda KofiliKo. savaraudoa, rom

kavkasiis albanurSi korelacia intensiuri-araintensiuri

gvqonda ara mxolod SiSinaTa rigSi, aramed sisinaTa rigSic

(lolua 2008).

ababababrupruprupruptivtivtivtivTa saTa saTa saTa sakikikikiTxiTxiTxiTxi. abruptivTa Sesaxeb samecniero lite-

raturaSi ramdenime urTierTgamomricxavi mosazreba gamoiTqva.

zogi mklevris azriT, udiurs mxolod sami abruptivi

moepoveba: KKKK wwww yyyy da sami preruptivic: qqqq ffff TTTT (diri 1904; karbelaSvili 1935).

120

vl. fanCviZe, evg. JeiraniSvili da v. gukasiani Tvlidnen

rom udiuri enis fonologiuri sistema ar icnobs preruptivebs

da masSi mxolod abruptivebia warmodgenili: pppp tttt kkkk KKKK wwww yyyy (fan-

CviZe 1949; JeiraniSvili 1971; gukasiani 1963; misive 1965).

b. Talibovis azriT ki, varTaSnul kiloSi abruptivTa

degradaciisa da preruptivebSi gadasvlis procesi dasrule-

bulia, xolo niJis dialeqtSi _ dasrulebis stadiaSia (Tali-

bovi 1974; misive 1980).

mogvianebiT, v. gukasianma gaiziara b. Talibovis mosazre-

ba (gukasiani 1973).

Cven ver gaviziarebT b. Talibovis mosazrebas varTaSnul

kiloSi abruptivTa sruli degradaciis Sesaxeb. Cveni dakvirve-

biT, afrikatebi wwww da yyyy mkveTrad gamoiTqmis, xolo KKKK kkkk pppp da tttt

bgerebi Sesustebuli Cans, magram, ara imdenad, rom prerupti-

vebad miviCnioT, Tumca Cveni azriT, am sakiTxis saboloo gada-

wKveta mxolod eqsperimentiTaa SesaZlebeli.

121

q eq eq eq e T eT eT eT e v a n d av a n d av a n d av a n d a T uT uT uT u k i Sk i Sk i Sk i S v iv iv iv i l il il il i

enobenobenobenobriv Seriv Seriv Seriv SecdocdocdocdomamamamaTa eleqTa eleqTa eleqTa eleqtrotrotrotronunununuli li li li leqleqleqleqsisisisikokokokonininini

arn. Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis institutSi mimdinareobs

muSaoba saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros

mier dafinansebul proeqtze, romlis mizania enobriv Secdo-

maTa eleqtronuli leqsikonis Seqmna. leqsikoni ganTavsdeba

vebgverdze da moemsaxureba momxmarebelTa farTo wres: jurna-

listebs, pedagogebs, abiturientebs da sxv.

leqsikons aqvs Ziebis orgvari saSualeba: moxmarebels Se-

uZlia akrifos misTvis saintereso forma da miiGos informa-

cia misi enobrivi sisworis Sesaxeb an anbanTrigze airCios ne-

bismieri aso da miiGos Sesabamisi CamonaTvali. miGebul SeTa-

vazebebSi aris ori sveti: SeSeSeSecdocdocdocdomaamaamaamaa da swoswoswosworiariariaria. TiToeul

striqonSi paralelurad Cawerilia ama Tu im formis swori

da mcdari variantebi. am formaTa naxvis Semdeg SesaZlebelia

Sesvla Siga fanJaraSi, romelSic mocemulia komentari (grama-

tikuli wesi) da warmodgenilia Sesabamisi ilustraciebi.

Secdomebi daKofilia tipebad: morfologiuri, sintaqsu-

ri, stilistikuri, orTografiuli da punqtuaciuri. Zebna Se-

saZlebelia SecdomaTa rogorc Kvela, ise romelime tipis mi-

xedviT.

masalis mosapoveblad gamoviKeneT masmediis ena da abi-

turientTa naSromebi. monacemebi struqturirebulia da gan-

Tavsebulia XL-is failebSi, romelTa safuZvelzedac iqmneba

monacemTa baza.

bazaSi monacemebi ganTavsebulia leqsikonis struqturis

Sesabamisad, kerZod, Semdeg failebSi: 1. mcdari winadadeba,

romelSic moniSnulia Secdoma; 2. winadadebis swori varianti;

3. Secdomis tipi; 4. gasaGebi sitKvebi, romlebic akavSireben

momxmareblis mier akrefil sitKvebs (masdarebs an saxelobiTi

brunvis formebs) ama Tu im sitKvaformasTan; 5. komentaris

122

kodi; 6. komentaris teqsti; 7. Secdomis saleqsikono erTeu-

li; 8. swori variantis saleqsikono erTeuli.

zogJer erTsa da imave winadadebaSi aris ori an meti Se-

cdoma. aseT SemTxvevaSi bazaSi keTdeba orgvari moniSvna. ker-

Zod, erTi aris mTavari Secdoma, romelic momxmarebels ainte-

resebs. es Secdoma da misi Sesabamisi swori varianti aqcenti-

rebulia, komentari da ilustraciebi mocemulia mis Sesaxeb,

sxva (meoreuli) Secdoma ki moniSnulia imgvarad, rom momxma-

rebels SeuZlia airCios igi da miiGos SeTavazebis is varian-

ti, sadac es Secdoma aris mTavari da mas axlavs Sesabamisi ko-

mentari da ilustraciebi.

a sa sa sa s m a T p am a T p am a T p am a T p a p ip ip ip i Z eZ eZ eZ e

sinsinsinsintaqtaqtaqtaqsur Sesur Sesur Sesur SesisisisittttKKKKvevevevebabababaTa moTa moTa moTa modedededelilililirerererebis sbis sbis sbis saaaakikikikiTxeTxeTxeTxebibibibi enobenobenobenobriv Seriv Seriv Seriv SecdocdocdocdomamamamaTa eleqTa eleqTa eleqTa eleqtrotrotrotronul leqnul leqnul leqnul leqsisisisikonkonkonkonSiSiSiSi

enobriv SecdomaTa eleqtronul leqsikonSi sintaqsur

Secdomebs calke ganKofileba aqvs daTmobili da es aris sin-

taqsur problemaTa leqsikografiulad warmodgenis pirveli

cda qarTul sinamdvileSi.

arsebuli masalidan, romelic abiturientTa nawerebisa

da masmediis enis bazazea Seqmnili, gamoiKo da gaanalizda sin-

taqsur darGvevaTa Kvelaze gavrcelebuli SemTxvevebi. imis ga-

TvaliwinebiT, rom araerT sintaqsur sakiTxze enobrivi norma

JerJerobiT araa SemuSavebuli, saleqsikono erTeulebad amJe-

rad gamovitaneT mxolod Zalian aSkara darGvevebi an iseTebi,

romelTa Sesaxebac ukve arsebobs norma. paralelurad, Seiqmna

erTgvari banki, romelic, Cveni azriT, mosagvarebel sakiTxebs

moicavs da romelTa mowesrigeba swormetKvelebis Tvalsazri-

siT axlo momavlis saqmea.

saleqsikono erTeulebad gavitaneT ara konkretuli Se-

123

mTxvevebi, aramed tipobrivi kontruqciebi, _ darGvevis TiTo

tipze TiTo konstruqcia swori da araswori variantebiT.

maTTan programulad aris dakavSirebuli Secdomis amsaxveli

dadasturebuli winadadebebi da maTi swori variantebi. Kvela

SemTxvevas mohKveba komentari, romelSic SeZlebisgvarad mar-

tivad da mokled aris ganmartebuli Secdomis arsi da moce-

muli rekomendaciis safuZveli.

magaliTad, TanxmovanfuZiani zedsarTavi saxelis an

mimGeobis sazGvrulTan brunvaSi SeTanxmebis sakiTxebi 5 Jgu-

fad aris warmodgenili, kerZod, ganxilulia, rogor xdeba es:

1. moTxrobiT brunvaSi, 2. micemiTSi, 3. naTesaobiTSi, 4. mo-

qmedebiTSi, 5. viTarebiTSi. erT-erTi komentaris nimuSi:

„Tu msazGvrelad TanxmovanfuZiani zedsarTavi saxeli an

mimGeobaa, moTxrobiT brunvaSi (daboloeba -mamamama) msazGvrels

brunvis niSani srulad aqvs SenarCunebuli. sworia: kargkargkargkargma ma ma ma

wignwignwignwignmamamama da ara karg wignma; aSeaSeaSeaSenenenenebulbulbulbulma sama sama sama saxlxlxlxlmamamama da ara aSenebul saxlma.“

Sesabamisad, saleqsikono erTeulad gatanili iqneba karg karg karg karg

wignwignwignwignmamamama Tavisi swori variantiT. mas daukavSirdeba Kvela is wi-

nadadeba, romlebSic am tipis Secdoma gvaqvs dafiqsirebuli.

iqve warmodgenili iqneba marTebuli variantebic.

amgvaradvea warmodgenili msazGvrel-sazGvrulis urTi-

erTobis sxva problemebi, qvemdebare-damatebaTa SemasmenelTan

ricxvSi SeTanxmebisa da brunvaSi marTvis sakiTxebi, wevr-kavSi-

rebisa da maTTan sintaqsurad dakavSirebuli wevrebis urTi-

erTobis problemebi, TandebulTa gavrcelebuli aGrevis Se-

mTxvevebi, droSi Tanamimdevrobis aGrevis tipobrivi sakiTxebi

da a. S.

saleqsikono sakiTxTa sia vrcelia, sakmaod didia saana-

lizo masalac. eleqtronuli leqsikonis erT-erTi Girseba

isaa, rom misi ganaxleba da masalis damateba iolia. amitom

Tuki warmodgenili versia misaGebi aGmoCndeba momxmareblis-

Tvis, masze muSaobis gagrZeleba sasurveli iqneba.

124

s as as as a l ol ol ol o m e o m im e o m im e o m im e o m i aaaa Z eZ eZ eZ e

stistististilislislislistitititikukukukuri darri darri darri darGGGGvevevevevavavava----uzusuzusuzusuzustotototobabababanininini enobenobenobenobriv Seriv Seriv Seriv SecdocdocdocdomamamamaTa eleqTa eleqTa eleqTa eleqtrotrotrotronunununulililili leqleqleqleqsisisisikokokokonis ernis ernis ernis erTeTeTeTeuuuulelelelebadbadbadbad

qarTul samecniero literaturaSi mravali naSromi mi-

eZGvna stilistikur uzustobaTa analizs, am tipis darGvevebi

presis furclebze gamarTuli diskusiebis Temac xSirad ga-

mxdara, magram sitKvaTxmarebis vrceli leqsikoni JerJerobiT

ara gvaqvs. dGesac sayiro da Seucvlelia 400-erTeuliani sa-

leqsikono masala _ `sitKva da konteqsti~, romelic `qarTu-

li sitKvis kulturis sakiTxebis~ meSvide wignad 1985 wels

daibeyda. aseve did samsaxurs uwevs jurnalistebsa da dainte-

resebul mkiTxvelebs 2002 wels gamosuli `jurnalistis sti-

listikuri cnobari~. erTica da meorec ukve bibliografiul

iSviaTobad iqca, amgvari gamocemebis sayiroeba ki aSkaraa.

sarekomendacio literaturis momxmarebelTa wres sa-

grZnoblad gaafarTovebs kompiuteruli teqnologiis gamoKene-

ba. enobriv SecdomaTa eleqtronuli leqsikoni, romelic axla

iqmneba, iqmneba ara marto jurnalistebisa Tu pedagogebisa-

Tvis, aramed KvelasaTvis, visac kulturul komunikantad

CamoKalibeba surs, vinc icis, rom saqmianobis Kovel sferoSi

warmatebis gasaGebi warmatebuli urTierTobaa, rasac, sxva

faqtorebTan erTad, mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs enis codna _

marTlwera da marTlmetKveleba.

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, leqsikonis momxmarebelTa

codnis done da mzaoba erTnairi ver iqneba, amitom axal cod-

nasTan misasvlelad martivi gzebi unda mogveZebna.

erTmaneTis gverdiT mocemuli mcdari da marTebuli sa-

leqsikono erTeulebis Sedareba rTuli amocana aravisTvis ar

iqneba, miT ufro, rom isini konteqstebiTaa warmodgenili.

magram leqsikonis agebuleba iTvaliswinebs Secdoma-uzustoba-

Ta komentirebas, ramac gadagvawKvetina, momxmarebeli pirobi-

125

Tad or Jgufad dagveKo. Sesabamisad, komentarebis teqstebs

popularuli eniT warmovadgenT, Tumca frCxilebSi meore Jgu-

fis momxmarebelTaTvis Sesabamisi lingvistikuri terminebic

mogvKavs. vfiqrobT, am gzas SemecnebiTi mniSvnelobac eqneba,

dakvirvebuli momxmarebeli frCxilebSi Cawerili terminebis

arsSic male gaerkveva.

gTavazobT komentaris nimuSs, romelic umarTebulo Se-

sitKvebebs ukavSirdeba:

`sifrTxile gvmarTebs sitKvebis dawKvilebisas, radgan

enaSi nebismieri ori sitKvis dakavSirebiT marTebuli Se-

sitKveba ar iqmneba. sworad metKvelebisaTvis ara marto grama-

tikuli wesebis codnaa sayiro, aramed imisa, konkretuli

sitKva romel sitKvas SeiZleba daukavSirdes da romels _

ara. zogJer erTi da imave Sinaarsis gamosaxatavad konkretuli

sitKva sxvadasxva sitKvasTan qmnis marTebul wKvilebs. aseve

mniSvnelovania am marTebul wKvilTa Soris dasaSvebi da umJo-

besi variantebis gansazGvra.

Kvelaze uCveulo sitKvaTSexamebebs sportul jurnal-ga-

zeTebSi vxvdebiT. marTebulia: burburburburTis faTis faTis faTis fariririridan Camodan Camodan Camodan Camoxsna an xsna an xsna an xsna an

momomomoxsna xsna xsna xsna da ara moxsnis gakeTeba; momomomowiwiwiwinaanaanaanaaGGGGmdemdemdemdegis gadagis gadagis gadagis gadacecececemis Camis Camis Camis Ca----

yyyyra ra ra ra da ara Cayris gakeTeba; SeSeSeSeKKKKovovovovnenenenebabababa da ara Kovnis gakeTeba;

ququququlis molis molis molis mopopopopovevevevebabababa, , , , ququququlelelelebis mobis mobis mobis mogrogrogrogrovevevevebabababa da ara qulebis gakeTeba;

papapapasis misis misis misis miwowowowodedededeba an Caba an Caba an Caba an Cawowowowodedededeba ba ba ba da ara pasis gakeTeba.~

stilistikuri darGveva-uzustobebisaTvis leqsikonSi

gamoKenebulia mcdari/swori da dasaSvebi/umJobesi variantebi.

moxsenebaSi wamodgenilia masmediis enasa da abiturient-

Ta naSromebSi gamovlenil stilistikur darGvevaTa analizi.

126

l i a b al i a b al i a b al i a b a k uk uk uk u r ar ar ar a Z eZ eZ eZ e punpunpunpunqtuqtuqtuqtuaaaaciciciciur Seur Seur Seur SecdocdocdocdomamamamaTaTaTaTaTa asaxTa asaxTa asaxTa asaxvis probvis probvis probvis problelelelememememebibibibi eleqeleqeleqeleqtrotrotrotronul leqnul leqnul leqnul leqsisisisikonkonkonkonSi Si Si Si

enobriv SecdomaTa eleqtonuli leqsikoni sxva tipis Se-

cdomebTan erTad iTvaliswinebs punqtuaciuri Secdomebis

warmodgenas da am gziT sworad weris swavlebas.

punqtuaciuri Secdomebi sami ZiriTadi tipisaa:

1. aklia sasveni niSani;

2. zedmetia sasveni niSani;

3. erTi sasveni niSnis nacvlad weria meore.

samive SemTxveva eleqtronuli leqsikonisaTvis erTi maxa-

siaTebliT warmovadgineT: wiwiwiwinanananadadadadadedededebabababaSi ar aris gamoSi ar aris gamoSi ar aris gamoSi ar aris gamoKKKKeneeneeneenebubububu----li Seli Seli Seli Sesasasasababababamimimimisi sasi sasi sasi sasvesvesvesveni nini nini nini niSaSaSaSanininini. . . .

monacemTa bazaSi punqtuaciuri Secdomebis saleqsikono

erTeulebs erTvis komentari (rodis, ra SemTxvevaSi iwereba

esa Tu is niSani). TiToeul komentars miniyebuli aqvs Sesaba-

misi kodi.

gansakuTrebul sirTules qmnis punqtuaciuri Secdomebi-

saTvis saleqsikono erTeulis SerCevis sakiTxi. punqtuaciis

wesebis Sesaxeb sakmaod mravalferovani literatura arsebobs,

magram leqsikonis formiT amgvari darGvevebi Jer ar aGweri-

la. Cveni azriT, punqtuaciuri Secdomebis zogadi tipis

warmosadgenad SeiZleba neitraluri winadadebebis (modele-

bis) Seqmna. Cvens SemTxvevaSi saleqsikono erTeulad gamotani-

li aris amgvar winadadebaTa araswori da swori variantebi.

amgvarad mowesrigebuli monacemTa bazis safuZvelze

leqsikoni advilad mosaxmari xdeba KvelasaTvis. momxmarebels

SeuZlia airCios esa Tu is sasveni niSani da miiGos informa-

cia misi araswori Tu marTebuli gamoKenebis Sesaxeb. arCeul

sasven niSanze dawkapunebis Semdeg gamoCndeba saleqsikono er-

Teulebi. nebismier maTganze dawkapunebis Semdeg ki SesaZlebe-

lia konkretuli komentaris naxva, romelsac mosdevs am tipis

Secdomebi da maTi gasworebuli variantebi.

127

komentarebi Sedgenilia ise, rom advilad gasagebi iKos

imaTTvisac, visTvisac gramatikuli terminebi ucxoa.

imis miuxedavad, ra aris momxmareblis mizani: ukve Seq-

mnili teqstis gadamowmeba Tu ubralod ama Tu im sasveni niS-

nis gamoKenebis wesSi garkveva _ igi advilad SeZlebs leqsiko-

nis moxmarebas da sasurveli informaciis miGebas.

n in in in i n o y u mn o y u mn o y u mn o y u m b ub ub ub u r ir ir ir i Z eZ eZ eZ e

komkomkomkompopopopozizizizitetetetebis orbis orbis orbis orTogTogTogTograrararafifififiasasasasTan daTan daTan daTan dakavkavkavkavSiSiSiSirerererebubububulililili sasasasakikikikiTxeTxeTxeTxebi qarbi qarbi qarbi qarTuTuTuTuli masli masli masli masmemememedidididiis enis miis enis miis enis miis enis mixedxedxedxedviTviTviTviT

qarTuli masmediis enaSi gansakuTrebiT xSirad gvxvdeba

kompozitebis umarTebulo daweriloba. ori fuZis SeerTebiT

miGebuli erTcnebiani kompozitebi gvxvdeba defisiT: keTil-

ganwKobili, gul-gatexili, iaf-fasiani, angariS-gasawevi... an

cal-calke dawerili: GvTis msaxureba, dro gamoSvebiT, deda

azri... defisiT gvxvdeba kompozitebi, romlis pirveli wevri

qarTuli an ucxo enidan Semosuli prefiqsoidia: Tana-klube-

li, ar-arsebuli, eqs-prezidenti, mini-moedani, anti-rusuli...

amis erT-erTi mizezi is unda iKos, rom xdeba sxva enaTa

orTografiis wesebis gadmotana qarTulSi. inglisurSi, maga-

liTad, defisis gamoKenebis gansxvavebuli wesebi moqmedebs. de-

fisiT iwereba orfuZiani zedsarTavi saxelebi, rogoricaa

blue-eyed (lurJTvala), broken-hearted (gulgatexili)...

msazGvrel-sazGvruliT Sedgenili kompozitebi: blower-bed

(Kvavilnari), shop-assistant (maGaziis gamKidveli)... prefiqso-

idiani saxelebi: co-production (nawarmi), ex-lovers (Kofi-

li TaKvanismcemeli), non-stop (gauCereblad), un-American (an-

tiamerikuli)...

amgvari dawerilobis gavlena unda iKos erT-erTi mizezi

qarTul erTcnebian kompozitebSi defisis gamoKenebisa. zogi

128

saxeli, romelic inglisuridan Semovida, araswori dawerilo-

biT damkvidrda, rac, vfiqrobT, umJobesia Seicvalos.

r ur ur ur u s us us us u d a n z ed a n z ed a n z ed a n z e q aq aq aq a l a Sl a Sl a Sl a S v iv iv iv i l il il il i

momomomorforforforfolololologigigigiur Seur Seur Seur SecdocdocdocdomamamamaTa asaxTa asaxTa asaxTa asaxvavavava eleqeleqeleqeleqtrotrotrotronul leqnul leqnul leqnul leqsisisisikonkonkonkonSiSiSiSi

masmediis ena KovelTvis imsaxurebs lingvistTa

KuradGebas, radgan masSi aSkarad vlindeba cocxal enaSi mi-

mdinare procesebi da sazogadoebis damokidebuleba salitera-

turo enis siwmindisadmi.

Znelia imis Tqma, rom wina wlebTan SedarebiT am Tval-

sazrisiT mdgomareoba gaumJobesda, radgan saliteraturo enis

normaTa rGveva da misadmi daudevari damokidebuleba, samwuxa-

rod, TiTqos aGaravis examuSeba. cxadia, sxvaoba sagrZnobia Se-

cdomaTa raodenobisa da tipebis mixedviT sxvadasxva jurnal-

gazeTSi, rac ganpirobebuli Cans jurnalistis an stilisturi

redaqtoris keTilsindisierebiTa da kvalifikaciiT.

morfologiuri Secdomebis gansakuTrebiT didi wili

modis zmnis piris niSnebis, zmniswinebisa da Temis niSnebis

gamoKenebaze, gvxvdeba mwkrivTa araswori warmoebis SemTxveve-

bic; aseve problematuri Cans saxelTa kumSva-kveca, nacvalsa-

xelTa gamoKeneba zmnisarT-TandebulebTan, `igive~ an `erTi da

igive~ nacvalsaxelebis bruneba, `v~-s CarTvisa da dakargvis Se-

mTxvevebi, sxvaTa sitKvis nawilakebis xmareba da sxv.

Tanamedrove kompiuterulma epoqam enaTmecnierTa SesaZ-

leblobebic gazarda da SecdomaTa eleqtronuli leqsikonis

Seqmna gamosadegi iqneba farTo momxmareblisTvis. samwuxarod,

manamde TiTqmis Kvela kvalificiuri enaTmecnieruli gamokvle-

va lingvistTa viwro wrisTvis rCeboda xelmisawvdomi.

am tipis leqsikonze muSaobam warmoaCina specifikuri xa-

129

siaTis problemebic, radgan mxolod mcdari da marTebuli va-

riantis miwodeba ioli gziT siaruli iqneboda. amitom sayi-

rod miviCnieT tipobriv SecdomaTa komentireba, Tumca rCevis

formis CamoKalibebac rTuli aGmoCnda, radgan martivad,

enaTmecnieruli terminebis gamouKeneblad komentari ver Seiq-

mneboda. aucilebeli gaxda sailustracio masalis erTgvari

Semokleba da mcireodeni koreqtirebac. muSaobis procesSi

warmoCnda zogierTi Secdomis kvalifikaciis siZnelec (morfo-

logiurad migveCnia Tu sintaqsurad).

SecdomaTa eleqtronuli leqsikonis mizani iKo ara or-

Tografiul darGvevaTa mecnieruli analizi, aramed praqtiku-

li gamoKenebis SesaZlebloba da misawvdomoba farTo momxmare-

belebisTvis. vfiqrobT, leqsikonis daniSnulebas zrdis swo-

red is, rom efuZneba masmediaSi gavrcelebul, tipobriv Se-

cdomebs, rac asaxavs sazogadoebaSi am TvalsazrisiT arsebul

suraTs. vfiqrobT, msgavsi tipis leqsikoni gamosadegi iqneba

ara marto jurnalistebis, moswavleebisa da studentebisTvis,

aramed pedagogebisa da qarTuli enis siwmindis dacviT dain-

teresebuli adamianebisTvisac.

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