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SSUSH 13 & 14 Notes

SSUSH13 : The student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics in the

Progressive Era

Progressives:

The ______________________________________ movement worked to better conditions for

the urban poor through organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, and

settlement houses

___________________________ also played a role in the Progressive Movement with

school becoming compulsory and used as a means of assimilating immigrants into

American society

____________________________: writers and journalists who exposed all the evils of society

Ida Tarbell: exposed corruption in the ______________________________________________

o 1911: Standard Oil broken up by the courts

o A muckraker was a journalist who investigated political corruption and social

conditions

o Ida Tarbell focused on John Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Corporation

Jane Adams and the Hull House:

______________________________: helped immigrants adjust to life in the American cities.

Kind of like a community center.

____________________________________— founded the Hull House

Women’s right to VOTE (suffrage)

o ______________ Amendment

Jane Addams founded the Hull House in Chicago in 1889 to provide immigrants with

social and educational opportunities and training. It was one of the first “settlement

houses” in the U.S.

Women during the time period began to become involved in many reform efforts

including education, prison, prohibition and women’s rights and suffrage

Jim Crow, Plessy v. Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACP.

“Jim Crow” laws

o legal _________________________________ (separation) of the races

o lasts until the 1960s

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

o Supreme Court case that established policy of “separate but

____________________________”, which meant segregation was legal.

o Separate facilities for blacks and whites are okay as long as there are facilities

for both.

NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

o Founded in ________________to fight for social, political, and economic equality

The Rise of Jim Crow & Plessy v. Ferguson

o By the late 1800s individual states began to pass laws that limited the individual

______________________________ of African Americans

o Voting rights were curtailed by using ______________taxes and enforcing

grandfather clauses

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o Jim Crow laws were laws that helped enforce segregation, first in the private

sector, and then at the state level

Plessy v. Ferguson

o Plessy, an African American by state classification, challenged a law requiring

him to ride in a separate railroad car

o The case went to the Supreme Court where they ruled against Plessy

o Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) legalized segregation and discrimination in the U.S.

under the ________________________ but equal doctrine

o *Plessy was 7/8ths white, but was still classified as “colored” under Louisiana

State law*

NAACP

o National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

o To promote equality of rights and to eradicate caste or race prejudice among

the citizens of the United States

o Co-founded by ___________________________________ on February 12,1909

o ________________________ individuals founded the group

o Three of the original seven were white

Describe the significance of progressive reforms such as the initiative, recall, and

referendum; direct election of senators; reform of labor laws; and efforts to improve living

conditions for the poor in cities.

Increasing Democracy people have the right to –

o _____________________ – People can remove an official from office before their

term is over

o ____________ Amendment – Direct election of Senators (by the people)

o Labor laws

Child labor, working conditions, compensation laws

Conditions for the Poor

Jacob Riis – wrote “How the Other Half Lives” – photo-journalism about

urban ____________________________________

Other Progressive Reforms

o A major focus of the Progressive Movement was political reform. To give power

to the voters:

o *_____________________________: allowed citizens to introduce legislation

o *recall: allowed voters to remove elected officials through a special vote

o *___________________________: allowed proposed legislation to be approved by

voters

o *direct election of senators: The 17th Amendment was passed in 1913 to give

voters the power to elect senators directly in an attempt to prevent corruption

Labor Laws

o Progressives worked to end child labor

o Factory and mine child workers made less than 60¢ for a 10-hour day

o Progressives also fought for _______________________working conditions

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President Theodore Roosevelt also began a Progressive _____________________________

movement, which conserved millions of acres of wilderness lands, particularly in

western states.

His efforts led to the establishment of a national park system that included Yosemite in

California & Yellowstone in Wyoming.

SSUSH 14.a: Explain the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and anti-Asian immigration sentiment

on the west coast.

Chinese immigrants were coming to the U.S. on the west coast (Angel Island).

Worked on railroads and took lower wages for jobs. This created an anti-Asian

sentiment among native-born Americans who feared that jobs would go to Chinese

immigrants.

In 1882, Congress passed the ________________________________, which banned all

future immigration from China except students, teachers, tourists, merchants, & gov’t

officials.

Was not repealed until ____________________________

14.b: Describe the Spanish-American War, the war in the Philippines, and the debate over

American expansionism.

Imperialism

o Reasons for Imperialism

Business leaders and politicians believed the U.S. needed more

______________________________ for economic growth.

Some believed the U.S. needed to expand to maintain and protect

National Security.

Cuban Revolution

o 1895 - _____________________________ people rebelled against Spain.

o Spain sent 150,000 troops to put down the rebellion.

o Spanish concentration camps for Cubans bad conditions and death.

Yellow Journalism

o Use of ________________________________________ and exaggerated reporting by

newspapers/magazines to attract readers.

o Used to encourage U.S. to Support _____________________ in Cuban Revolution.

U.S.S. Maine

o U.S. Ship sent to Cuba during Cuban Revolution to safeguard American citizens

and Property.

o Blown up

o Blamed on ____________________________

Spanish American War

o War fought between U.S. and Spain in Cuba and the __________________________

o U.S. changes from Isolationist position to _____________________________position.

Theodore Roosevelt “Rough Riders”

o Won the Battle of _________________________________________

o Became National Hero

o Later President of U.S.

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SSUSH14.c: Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, as reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary

to the Monroe Doctrine and the creation of the Panama Canal.

Theodore Roosevelt

o Fought in the Spanish American War

o Oversaw building of the ________________________________________

o Led the Rough Riders at the Battle of San Juan Hill

o Issued the Roosevelt Corollary (an extension of the Monroe Doctrine)

Preservation or Conservation of U.S. Natural resources.

o _____________________________________ - 1823

a U.S. doctrine which, on proclaimed that European powers should no

longer Colonize or interfere with the affairs of the nations of the Americas.

Roosevelt Corollary

o Theodore Roosevelt announced an addition to the Monroe Doctrine.

o He stated, in referring to South and Central America, that the United States had

the ______________________and the ________________________ to intervene in the

internal affairs of states in the Western hemisphere if they did not get their own

affairs in order.

Big Stick Diplomacy

o Teddy Roosevelt’s new world diplomacy. “Speak softly and carry a

___________________________”

o The Big Stick Represents the _________________________________

Rough Riders

o Men recruited by Theodore Roosevelt (miners, ex-football players, cowboys) to

fight in the Spanish American War.

o Took San Juan Hill in Cuba

Panama Canal

o U.S. tried to buy Panama Canal area from Columbia.

o Columbia ________________________________ to sell.

o U.S. helped _______________________________revolt and overthrow Columbia.

o Panama sales Canal area to U.S.