sripatum university
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IS516 Computer Communication and Networks การสื่อสารคอมพิวเตอร์และเครือข่าย. Asst.Dr.Surasak Mungsing [email protected] [email protected] http://www.spu.ac.th/teacher/surasak.mu. Sripatum University. Lecture 07 Network Design. Design Activities. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Information Science Institute of Sripatum University
Sripatum University1
IS516
Computer Communication and Networks
การสื่��อสื่ารคอมพิ�วเตอร�และเคร�อข่�าย
Asst.Dr.Surasak Mungsing
[email protected] [email protected]
http://www.spu.ac.th/teacher/surasak.mu
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Lecture 07 Network DesignNetwork Design
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Design Activities
The design activity is truly an in-depth process, which includes:
• collection of requirement and user expectations
• determine type of current and future data traffic based on growth rate of data and additional servers • determine all layer 1, 2 and 3 network devices to be used in the network system
• Create documents for both physical and logical design
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LAN Design Goals
Functionality – network must work at reasonable speed and reliability
Scalability – network must be scalable without sig รดรฟะ change of overall design
Adaptability – network design must take consideration of future technology and must not use components or devices not support by future technology when the time comes
Manageability – design must support network monitoring and management
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Design Methodology
Analyze requirements
Develop LAN structure (topology)
Set up addressing (and naming conventions) and routing
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Analyze Network and User Requirements Business issues
Technology issues
Administrative issues
Gather Data (corporate structure, business information flow, application in use, current topology, etc.)
Business requirements
Technical requirements
Applications or business operations
Availability requirements (throughput, response time, access to resource)
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Analyze Network Load Requirements
Client/Server
Host/terminal
Routing protocols
backup
worst-case traffic load
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Develop LAN Topology
Use LAN topology that fulfils requirements
Topology• Star Topology• Extended Star Topology
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Ethernet Technology Segmentation
Bridge and switch use for segmentation • Make more collision domains • Is still single broadcast domain
Collision domain (bandwidth domain)• Repeaters and hubs broadcast collisions
but not for switches, bridges androuters
Broadcast domain• Group of devices will receive frames from a
device in the group• Broadcast domains scope are limited by
routers because they do rebroadcast frames
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Network DesignThree types of topology design according to OSI
model Layer 1 - Physical LayerRelated to type of transmission lines such as CAT5 UTP and fiber-optic cable and also EIA/TIA 568 standard for line connection Layer 2 - Data Link LayerRelated to selection of layer-2 devices, e.g. bridges or LAN switches for connecting layer-1 devices to LAN segment. Layer-2 layer devices define collision and broadcast domains. Layer 3 - Network Layer Related to selection of layer-3 devices, e.g. routers that create unique LAN segments and communicate using layer 3 address such IP address
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Design Goals Physical Layer
• Creates communication layer focus on speed and performmance
Data Link Layer
Build MDFs or IDFs such that end hosts are group in Layer 1 to
create physical LAN segment Install LAN switches using microsegmentation to reduce size of
collision domain Build signal distribution point in network topology so that users are
group (at Layer 2) as virtual workgroups (VLANs) and unique broadcast domains.
Network Layer• Create communication path among LAN segments to filter flow of
data packets • Separate ARP protocol• separate collisions among segments. • Filter layer-4 services among segments
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Cable Types and Wiring Configurations Copper
• Coaxial• Twisted pair
Fiber-optic• Multimode• Single-mode
Wiring configurations• Star/Extended Star• Distance limitations
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Extended Star Topology Define standard according to EIA/TIA
Build groups of network and connect them with vertical cabling (Catchment areas )
All vertical cabling connect to MDF to build a single LAN segment
Vertical cabling - (Backbone cabling) transmission line that connects wiring closets and POP, and POP of other buildings that are parts of the same LAN
Catchment areas – areas that are serviced by networking device such as hubs
IDF - Intermediate Distribution Facility. Secondary network distribution room in a building for star network topology, a dependence of MDF.
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Layer 2 - LAN Switching
Objective of Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) is to control data flow and correct errors in network. The devices are NIC, Bridges and LAN switches
LAN switches (Layer 2 Switch) are capable to allocate bandwidth to a port, therefore it can assign very high bandwidth to vertical cabling, uplinks and servers
The theoretical maximum bandwidth for a Layer 2 Switch = (No-of-ports * Bandwidth)/2
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MDF-Main Distribution Facility MDF - Main Distribution Facility. A main distribution
room in a building for star topology, which contains patch panels, hub, and router
In a simple star topology, there is only one main distribution facility (MDF) that includes horizontal cross connect (HCC) patch panels.
HCC patch cables used to connect Layer 1 'horizontal cabling' (Layer 1) to LAN switch ports (Layer 2)
uplink port of LAN switch connects to Ethernet port of router (Layer 3 ) using‘ patch cable'. At this point, end host connects to router port
Quality of horizontal cable and number of ports of HCC patch panels will be defined by user requirements
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Use Switches to reduce congestion
Use microsegmentation to limit collision domains
Cascade switches and hubs
Reassign use of resources to appropriate needs
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Microsegmentation
Divide network into small segments to improve overall bandwidth of network
Installation of LAN switching at MDF and IDFs affects size of collision domains and data speed in each of horizontal cable and vertical cable. Vertical cable must handle all data traffic between MDF and IDFs therefore requires higher capacity
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Collision Domains
In the operational environment of only switch in network, size of collision domain is just the two hosts, when a hub is used the size of collision domain increases and bandwidth will be shared
Shared LAN hub is multiport repeater , therefore is collision domain. All hosts connected to shared LAN hub will share collision domain and the bandwidth
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Layer 3 - Routing
Using Layer-3 devices such as routers can create segmentation of LAN as unique networks for both physical and logical.
Routers can be used to connect wide area networks (WANS) e.g. Internet
Routers serve as broadcast firewalls
Routers consolidate for scalable internetworks
Network protocol addressing and routing provides
built-in scaling
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Documenting Your Network
Physical Network Maps (cutsheet) Logical Network Map (IP addressing
scheme) Addressing Maps (snapshot view of
network)
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Reasons to Document
Reducing a lot of time for problem solving Least document networks have the most
problems Good documenting helps reduce amount of
problems very much The more documents the better network
(maintenance)
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Summary of network design Gathering network requirements and using
information
Bandwidth requirements analysis
Define all layer-1, -2, and -3 networking devices (e.g. cable, hub, bridge, switch, router) and network topology
Documenting design such as table of equipments
Draw cable diagram and location of distribution box
Draw connection diagram of networking devices in network
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Exercise
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Network Performance