sql database

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SQL Database & Table SQL ? SQL Structured Query Language SQL Server , Microsoft Access , MySQL ,DB2 Oracle SQL SQL (Field) (Record)

SQL 3 1. 2. , , 3. Table 3 Table 1.customer 2.audit 3.country Table : Customer

CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used C001 Win Weerachai [email protected] TH 1000000 600000 C002 John Smith [email protected] EN 2000000 800000 C003 Jame Born [email protected] US 3000000 600000 C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000

Table : audit

AuditID CustomerID Date Used 1 C001 2008-07-01 100000 2 C001 2008-07-05 200000 3 C001 2008-07-10 300000


4 C002 2008-07-02 400000 5 C002 2008-07-07 100000 6 C002 2008-07-15 300000 7 C003 2008-07-20 400000 8 C003 2008-07-25 200000 9 C004 2008-07-04 100000

Table : country

CountryCode CountryName TH Thailand EN English US United states

SQL WHERE

CustomerID

(Table) SQL WHERE 1 1 Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT Column1, Column2, Column3,... FROM Table-Name WHERE [Field] = 'Value' Table : customer

Name Email CountryCode Budget Used C001 Win Weerachai [email protected] TH 1000000 600000 C002 John Smith [email protected] EN 2000000 800000 C003 Jame Born [email protected] US 3000000 600000 C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000

Sample1 Operators = ()

SELECT * FROM customer WHERE CountryCode = 'US' 2 and SELECT * FROM customer WHERE CountryCode = 'US' and Budget = '4000000' Output

CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used C003 Jame Born [email protected] US 3000000 600000 C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000

CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used

C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000


Sample2 Operators != ()

SELECT * FROM customer WHERE CountryCode != 'US' 2 and SELECT * FROM customer WHERE CountryCode != 'US' and CountryCode != 'EN' or SELECT * FROM customer WHERE CountryCode != 'US' or Budget = '1000000' Output


C001 Win Weerachai [email protected] TH 1000000 600000

C002 John Smith [email protected] EN 2000000 800000 CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used




C002 John Smith [email protected] EN 2000000 800000

SQL ALIAS

CustomerID

(Table) ALIAS Field Table Database : MySQL Syntax

SELECT Column1 AS Alias1,Column2 AS Alias2,Column3 AS Alias3,... FROM [Table-Name1] Table Alias Table : customer


Sample1 customer Alias

SELECT CustomerID AS CusID,Name AS CusName,Email AS CusEmail FROM customer


Output

CusID CusName CusEmail C001 Win Weerachai [email protected] C002 John Smith [email protected] C003 Jame Born [email protected] C004 Chalee Angel [email protected]

Sample2 customer,audit Alias Table

SELECT X.*,Y.* FROM customer X LEFT JOIN audit Y ON X.CustomerID = Y.CustomerID WHERE X.CustomerID = 'C001' Output

CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used AuditID CustomerID Date Used

C001 Win Weerachai [email protected] TH 1000000 600000 1 C001 2008-08-

01 100000


05 200000


10 300000

Sample3 customer Alias Table

SELECT X.CustomerID,X.Name FROM customer X Output

CusID CusName C001 Win Weerachai C002 John Smith C003 Jame Born C004 Chalee Angel

SQL OR AND

CustomerID

(Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT Column1,Column2,Column3,... FROM [Table-Name] WHERE [Field] = 'Value' [AND/OR] [Field] = 'Value' Table : customer

Name Email CountryCode Budget Used


C001 Win Weerachai [email protected] TH 1000000 600000 C002 John Smith [email protected] EN 2000000 800000 C003 Jame Born [email protected] US 3000000 600000 C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000

Sample1 CountryCode = US Used = 100000

SELECT * FROM customer WHERE CountryCode = 'US' AND Used = '100000' SELECT * FROM customer WHERE CountryCode = 'TH' OR CountryCode = 'EN' Output

CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000




SQL ORDER BY

CustomerID

(Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT Culumn1,Culumn2,Culumn3,... FROM [Table-Name] ORDER BY [Field] [ASC/DESC],[Field] [ASC/DESC],... ASC = DESC = Table : customer


Sample1 CustomerID

SELECT * FROM customer ORDER BY CustomerID ASC SELECT * FROM customer ORDER BY CustomerID DESC SELECT * FROM customer ORDER BY CountryCode DESC,CustomerID ASC Output

CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used C001 Win [email protected] TH 1000000 600000


Weerachai C002 John Smith [email protected] EN 2000000 800000 C003 Jame Born [email protected] US 3000000 600000 C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000


C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000 C003 Jame Born [email protected] US 3000000 600000 C002 John Smith [email protected] EN 2000000 800000



C003 Jame Born [email protected] US 3000000 600000 C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000



SQL SUB SELECT QUERY (Table) SELECT SUB SELECT QUERY JOIN TABLE SUB SELECT JOIN TABLE Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT Column1,Column2,Column3,... FROM [Table-Name] WHERE [Field] IN (SELECT ..... FROM ....) Table : customer


Table : audit

AuditID CustomerID Date Used 1 C001 2008-07-01 100000 2 C001 2008-07-05 200000 3 C001 2008-07-10 300000 4 C002 2008-07-02 400000 5 C002 2008-07-07 100000 6 C002 2008-07-15 300000 7 C003 2008-07-20 400000 8 C003 2008-07-25 200000 9 C004 2008-07-04 100000


Sample1 customer audit 400000

SELECT * FROM customer WHERE CustomerID IN (SELECT CustomerID FROM audit WHERE Used >= '400000') Output

CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used C002 John Smith [email protected] EN 2000000 800000 C003 Jame Born [email protected] US 3000000 600000

SQL SELECT INTO (Table) Copy Table Backup Table Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT Column1,Column2,Column3,... INTO [New-Table] FROM [Table-Name] Table : customer


Sample1 customer customer_backup

SELECT * INTO customer_backup FROM customer Output Table : customer_backup



C002 John Smith [email protected] EN 2000000 800000 C003 Jame Born [email protected] US 3000000 600000 C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000

SQL BETWEEN (Table)


Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT Column1,Column2,Column3,... FROM [Table-Name] WHERE [Field] BETWEEN [Value-Start] AND [Value-End] Table : customer


Sample1 Budget 1000000 - 3000000

SELECT * FROM customer WHERE Budget BETWEEN '1000000' AND '3000000' Output



C002 John Smith [email protected] EN 2000000 800000 C003 Jame Born [email protected] US 3000000 600000

SQL JOIN (Table) JOIN 2 Table Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT [Table-Name1].Column1, [Table-Name2].Column1,... FROM [Table-Name1],[Table-Name2] WHERE [Table-Name1].Column = [Table-Name2].Column Table : customer


Table : audit AuditID CustomerID Date Used

1 C001 2008-07-01 100000 2 C001 2008-07-05 200000


3 C001 2008-07-10 300000 4 C002 2008-07-02 400000 5 C002 2008-07-07 100000 6 C002 2008-07-15 300000 7 C003 2008-07-20 400000 8 C003 2008-07-25 200000 9 C004 2008-07-04 100000

Sample1 customer audit

SELECT customer.*,audit.* FROM customer,audit WHERE customer.CustomerID = audit.CustomerID Output


C001 Win Weerachai [email protected] TH 1000000 600000 1 C001 2008-08-01 100000



C002 John Smith [email protected] EN 2000000 800000 4 C002 2008-08-02 400000



C003 Jame Born [email protected] US 3000000 600000 7 C003 2008-08-20 400000


C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000 9 C004 2008-07-04 100000

Sample2 customer audit CustomerID = C001

SELECT customer.*,audit.* FROM customer,audit WHERE customer.CustomerID = audit.CustomerID AND customer.CustomerID = 'C001' Output





Sample3 customer audit CustomerID = C001 audit


SELECT audit.* FROM customer,audit WHERE customer.CustomerID = audit.CustomerID AND customer.CustomerID = 'C001' Output


SQL OUTER JOIN (Table) OUTER JOIN Table Table Table Table Table Table Database : Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT [Table-Name1].Column1, [Table-Name2].Column1,... FROM [Table-Name1],[Table-Name2] WHERE [Table-Name1].Column (+)= [Table-Name2].Column Table : customer


C006 Superman Return [email protected] US 2000000 0


1 C001 2008-07-01 100000 2 C001 2008-07-05 200000 3 C001 2008-07-10 300000 4 C002 2008-07-02 400000 5 C002 2008-07-07 100000 6 C002 2008-07-15 300000 7 C003 2008-07-20 400000 8 C003 2008-07-25 200000 9 C004 2008-07-04 100000

10 C005 2008-07-04 200000

Sample1 customer audit

SELECT customer.*,audit.* FROM customer,audit WHERE customer.CustomerID (+)= audit.CustomerID


Output











Sample2 customer audit CustomerID = C001

SELECT customer.*,audit.* FROM customer,audit WHERE customer.CustomerID (+)= audit.CustomerID AND customer.CustomerID (+)= 'C001' Output





Sample3 customer audit CustomerID = C001 audit

SELECT audit.* FROM customer,audit WHERE customer.CustomerID (+)= audit.CustomerID AND customer.CustomerID (+)= 'C001' Output



SQL RIGHT JOIN (Table) RIGHT JOIN Table Table Table Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT [Table-Name1].Column1, [Table-Name2].Column1,... FROM [Table-Name1] RIGHT JOIN [Table-Name2] ON [Table-Name1].Column = [Table-Name2].Column Table : customer




1 C001 2008-07-01 100000 2 C001 2008-07-05 200000 3 C001 2008-07-10 300000 4 C002 2008-07-02 400000 5 C002 2008-07-07 100000 6 C002 2008-07-15 300000 7 C003 2008-07-20 400000 8 C003 2008-07-25 200000 9 C004 2008-07-04 100000

10 C005 2008-07-04 200000

Sample1 RIGHT JOIN customer audit

SELECT customer.*,audit.* FROM customer RIGHT JOIN audit ON customer.CustomerID = audit.CustomerID Output












NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL 10 C005 2008-07-04 200000

Sample2 RIGHT JOIN customer audit CustomerID = C005

SELECT customer.*,audit.* FROM customer RIGHT JOIN audit ON customer.CustomerID = audit.CustomerID WHERE audit.CustomerID = 'C005' Output


NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL 10 C005 2008-07-04 200000

Sample3 RIGHT JOIN customer audit CustomerID = C005 audit

SELECT audit.* FROM customer RIGHT JOIN audit ON customer.CustomerID = audit.CustomerID WHERE audit.CustomerID = 'C005' Output

AuditID CustomerID Date Used 10 C005 2008-08-07 200000

SQL LEFT JOIN (Table) LEFT JOIN Table Table Table Table Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT [Table-Name1].Column1, [Table-Name2].Column1,... FROM [Table-Name1] LEFT JOIN [Table-Name2] ON [Table-Name1].Column = [Table-Name2].Column Table : customer

CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used C001 Win Weerachai [email protected] TH 1000000 600000 C002 John Smith [email protected] EN 2000000 800000


C003 Jame Born [email protected] US 3000000 600000 C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000



1 C001 2008-07-01 100000 2 C001 2008-07-05 200000 3 C001 2008-07-10 300000 4 C002 2008-07-02 400000 5 C002 2008-07-07 100000 6 C002 2008-07-15 300000 7 C003 2008-07-20 400000 8 C003 2008-07-25 200000 9 C004 2008-07-04 100000

10 C005 2008-07-04 200000

Sample1 LEFT JOIN customer audit

SELECT customer.*,audit.* FROM customer LEFT JOIN audit ON customer.CustomerID = audit.CustomerID Output











C006 Superman Return [email protected] US 2000000 0 NULL NULL NULL NULL

Sample2 LEFT JOIN customer audit CustomerID = C001

SELECT customer.*,audit.* FROM customer LEFT JOIN audit ON customer.CustomerID = audit.CustomerID WHERE customer.CustomerID = 'C001' Output






Sample3 LEFT JOIN customer audit CustomerID = C001 audit

SELECT audit.* FROM customer LEFT JOIN audit ON customer.CustomerID = audit.CustomerID WHERE customer.CustomerID = 'C001' Output


SQL UNION Query Table Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT Column1,Column2,... FROM [Table-Name] UNION SELECT Column1,Column2,... FROM [Table-Name] ... Table : customer


Table : country


Sample1 customer country


SELECT CustomerID,Name FROM customer UNION SELECT CountryCode,CountryName FROM country Output

CustomerID Name C001 Win Weerachai C002 John Smith C003 Jame Born C004 Chalee Angel TH Thailand EN English US United states

SQL DISTINCT (Table) Record Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT DISTINCT Column1,Column2,Column3,... FROM [Table-Name] Table : customer


Sample1 CountryCode

SELECT DISTINCT CountryCode FROM customer Output

CountryCode TH EN US

SQL TOP (Table) Record


Database : Microsoft Access,SQL Server Syntax

SELECT TOP [Integer] Column1, Column2, Column3,... FROM [Table-Name] ORDER BY [Field] [ASC/DESC] Table : customer


Sample1 Budget 2 Record

SELECT TOP 2 * FROM customer ORDER BY Budget DESC Output

CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000 C003 Jame Born [email protected] US 3000000 600000

SQL LIMIT (Table) Record Database : MySQL Syntax

SELECT Column1, Column2, Column3,... FROM [Table-Name] ORDER BY [Fields] [ASC/DESC] LIMIT [Int-Start] , [Int-End] Table : customer


Sample1 2 Record

SELECT * FROM customer ORDER BY Used DESC LIMIT 0,2 Output


CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used C002 John Smith [email protected] EN 2000000 800000


SQL ROWNUM (Table) Record Database : Oracle Syntax

SELECT Column1, Column2, Column3,... FROM [Table-Name] WHERE ROWNUM


C001 Win Weerachai [email protected] TH 1000000 600000 C002 John Smith [email protected] EN 2000000 800000 C003 Jame Born [email protected] US 3000000 600000 C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000

Sample1 2 Record

SELECT * FROM customer ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 2 Output


SQL LIKE (Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT Column1,Column2,Column3,... FROM [Table-Name] WHERE [Filed] LIKE '%Value%' Table : customer


Sample1 Name ee

SELECT * FROM customer WHERE Name LIKE '%ee%' Output



C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000 Sample2 Email j

SELECT * FROM customer WHERE Name LIKE 'j%' Output



Sample3 Name i

SELECT * FROM customer WHERE Name LIKE '%i' Output



SQL NOT LIKE (Table) Record LIKE Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT Column1,Column2,Column3,... FROM [Table-Name] WHERE [Filed] NOT LIKE '%Value%' Table : customer


Sample1 Name ee

SELECT * FROM customer WHERE Name NOT LIKE '%ee%' Output


Sample2 Email j

SELECT * FROM customer WHERE Name NOT LIKE 'j%' Output




C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000 Sample3 Name i

SELECT * FROM customer WHERE Name NOT LIKE '%i' Output

CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used C002 John Smith [email protected] EN 2000000 800000 C003 Jame Born [email protected] US 3000000 600000 C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000

SQL INSERT (Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

INSERT INTO [Table-Name] (Column1,Column2,Column3,...) VALUES ('Value1','Value2','Value3',...) Table : country


Sample1 Table

INSERT INTO country VALUES ('CH','Chaina') INSERT INTO country (CountryCode,CountryName) VALUES ('CH','Chaina') Output

CountryCode CountryName TH Thailand EN English US United states CH Chaina

SQL UPDATE (Table) Record


1 Where Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

UPDATE [Table-Name] SET Column1='Value1',Column2='Value2',... WHERE clause Table : country

CountryCode CountryName TH Thailand EN English US United states CH Chaina

Sample1 Table

UPDATE country SET CountryCode = 'JP',CountryName='Japan' WHERE CountryCode = 'CH' Output

CountryCode CountryName TH Thailand EN English US United states JP Japan

SQL INSERT ... SELECT (Table) SELECT Table () Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

INSERT INTO [Table-Name] (Column1,Column2,Column3,...) SELECT (Column1,Column2,Column3,...) WHERE ... Table : customer


Table : customer2



Sample1 Table customer2 SELECT customer

INSERT INTO customer2 (CustomerID,Name,Email,CountryCode,Budget,Used) SELECT CustomerID,Name,Email,CountryCode,Budget,Used FROM customer WHERE CountryCode = 'TH' Output



SQL UPDATE (Table) Record Record Where Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

DELETE FROM [Table-Name] WHERE clause Table : country

CountryCode CountryName TH Thailand EN English US United states JP Japan

Sample1 Table

DELETE FROM country WHERE CountryCode = 'JP' Output


SQL IN (Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle


Syntax

SELECT Column1, Column2, Column3,... FROM [Table-Name] WHERE [Field] IN ('Value1','Value2') Table : customer


Sample1 CustomerID = C002 C003

SELECT * FROM customer WHERE CustomerID IN ('C002','C003') Output


SQL NOT IN (Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT Column1, Column2, Column3,... FROM [Table-Name] WHERE [Field] NOT IN ('Value1','Value2') Table : customer


Sample1 CustomerID = C002 C003

SELECT * FROM customer WHERE CustomerID NOT IN ('C002','C003') Output




C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000 SQL GROUP BY (Table) Column Group Column GROUP BY Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT Column,SUM(Column) FROM [Table-Name] GROUP BY Column Table : customer


Sample1 Budget Group CountryCode

SELECT CountryCode,SUM(Budget) AS SumBudget FROM customer GROUP BY CountryCode Output

CountryCode SumBudget EN 2000000 TH 1000000 US 7000000

SQL HAVING (Table) HAVING GROUP BY Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT Column,AVG(Column) FROM [Table-Name] GROUP BY Column HAVING AVG(Column) [Condition] Table : customer



Sample1 Budget Budget CompanyCode >= 2000000

SELECT CountryCode,AVG(Budget) AS AvgBudget FROM customer GROUP BY CountryCode HAVING AVG(Budget) >= '2000000' Output

CountryCode AvgBudget EN 2000000 US 3500000

SQL COUNT (Table) Count Record Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT COUNT(Column/Field) AS [New-Field] FROM [Table-Name] Table : customer


Sample1

SELECT COUNT(CustomerID) AS CountCustomerID FROM customer Output

CountCustomerID 4

SQL MAX (Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT MAX(Column/Field) AS [New-Field] FROM [Table-Name] Table : customer



Sample1 Budget

SELECT MAX(Budget) AS MaxBudget FROM customer Output

MaxBudget 4000000

SQL MIN (Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT MIN(Column/Field) AS [New-Field] FROM [Table-Name] Table : customer


Sample1 Budget

SELECT MIN(Budget) AS MinBudget FROM customer Output

MinBudget 1000000

SQL REPLACE (Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle


Syntax

SELECT REPLACE(Field,Search,Replace) AS [New-Field] FROM [Table-Name] Table : customer


Sample1 Win Mr.Win

SELECT REPLACE(Name, 'Win', 'Mr.Win') AS MyName FROM customer Output

MyName Mr.Win Weerachai

John Smith Jame Born

Chalee Angel REPLACE WHERE SQL SUM (Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT SUM(Column/Field) AS [New-Field] FROM [Table-Name] Table : customer


Sample1 Budget

SELECT SUM(Budget) AS SumBudget FROM customer Output


SumBudget 10000000

SQL AVG (Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT AVG(Column/Field) AS [New-Field] FROM [Table-Name] Table : customer


Sample1 Budget

SELECT AVG(Budget) AS AvgBudget FROM customer Output

AvgBudget 2500000

SQL CONCAT (Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT CONCAT(Culumn1,Culumn2,...) AS [New-Field] FROM [Table-Name] Table : customer


Sample1 CustomerID,Name,Email


SELECT CustomerID,CONCAT(CustomerID,Name,Email) AS ConcatField FROM customer Output

CustomerID ConcatField C001 C001Win [email protected] C002 C002John [email protected] C003 C003Jame [email protected] C004 C004Chalee [email protected]

SQL LENGTH (Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT LENGTH(Name) As MyLength FROM customer Table : customer


Sample1 Name

SELECT LENGTH(Name) AS MyLength FROM customer Output

MyLength 13 11 9 12

SQL TRIM (Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax


TRIM(' My String ') = 'MyString' LTRIM(' My String ') = 'MyString ' RTRIM(' My String ') = ' MyString' Table : customer


Sample1

SELECT Trim(Name) AS MyString FROM customer Output

MyString Win Weerachai

John Smith Jame Born

Chalee Angel SQL SUBSTRING (Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT SUBSTR(Name,0,2) As MySubStr FROM customer Table : customer


Sample1 1 3

SELECT SUBSTR(Name,1,3) AS MySubStr FROM customer Output

MySubStr Win Joh


Jam Cha

Sample2 3 3

SELECT SUBSTR(Name,-3,3) AS MySubStr FROM customer Output

MySubStr hai ith orn gel

SQL DROP,TRUNCATE Clear Table Database : MySQL Syntax

TRUNCATE customer // Clear Table DROP TABLE customer // Drop or Delete Table Table : customer


Sample1

TRUNCATE customer Sample2

DROP TABLE customer SQL INSERT DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE UPDATE Record Insert Ref http://www.thaicreate.com/community/mysql-insert-duplicate-key-update.html


SQL COPY TABLE (CREATE TABLE... SELECT...) COPY/CREATE TABLE Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

CREATE TABLE [Table-Name] SELECT * FROM [Table-Name] WHERE .... Table : customer


Sample1 Table customer2 SELECT customer

CREATE TABLE customer2 SELECT * FROM customer Output (Table : customer2)



C002 John Smith [email protected] EN 2000000 800000 C003 Jame Born [email protected] US 3000000 600000 C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000

SQL CREATE TABLE (Create New Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

CREATE TABLE "TableName" ( ColumnName1 DataType , ColumnName2 DataType , ... ) Sample1 customer CustomerID,Name,Email,CountryCode,Budget,Used

CREATE TABLE customer ( CustomerID varchar(4) NOT NULL, Name varchar(50) NOT NULL,


Email varchar(50) NOT NULL, CountryCode varchar(2) NOT NULL, Budget double NOT NULL, Used double NOT NULL ) Output

CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used SQL PRIMARY KEYS Primary Keys Key Table Primary Keys 1 Table 1 Primary Keys Rows Primary Keys Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

CREATE TABLE "TableName" ( ColumnName1 DataType , ColumnName2 DataType , ColumnName3 DataType , ColumnName4 DataType , ... PRIMARY KEY (ColumnName1,ColumnName2...) ) Sample 1 customer CustomerID,Name,Email,CountryCode,Budget,Used Primary Keys CustomerID

CREATE TABLE customer ( CustomerID varchar(4) NOT NULL, Name varchar(50) NOT NULL, Email varchar(50) NOT NULL, CountryCode varchar(2) NOT NULL, Budget double NOT NULL, Used double NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (CustomerID) ) Output

CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used Sample 2 Table ALTER Key

ALTER TABLE customer ADD PRIMARY KEY (CustomerID) Output



SQL CREATE INDEX Index Index Column Index JOIN Table Index JOIN Query Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

CREATE TABLE "TableName" ( ColumnName1 DataType , ColumnName2 DataType , ColumnName3 DataType , ColumnName4 DataType , ... INDEX (ColumnName1,ColumnName2...) ) ALTER ALTER TABLE "TabmeName" ADD INDEX (Column1,Column2) Table : customer CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used



C003 Jame Born [email protected] US 3000000 600000


Table : country

CountryCode CountryName

TH Thailand

EN English

US United states

Sample 1 Index Table customer Column CountryCode ( Table)

ALTER TABLE customer ADD INDEX (CountryCode) Output Index Column CountryCode Sample 2 JOIN Table Column Index customer country

SELECT a.CustomerID, a.Name, a.Email, b.CountryName, a.Budget, a.Used FROM customer a, country b WHERE a.CountryCode = b.CountryCode


Output


C001 Win Weerachai [email protected] Thailand 1000000 600000

C002 John Smith [email protected] English 2000000 800000

C003 Jame Born [email protected] English 3000000 600000

C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] United states 4000000 100000

Index JOIN Column Record

SQL UNIQUE UNIQUE Column Rows Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

CREATE TABLE "TableName" ( ColumnName1 DataType , ColumnName2 DataType , ColumnName3 DataType , ColumnName4 DataType , ... UNIQUE (ColumnName1,ColumnName2...) ) ALTER ALTER TABLE "TabmeName" ADD UNIQUE (Column1,Column2) Table : customer CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used





Sample 1 UNIQUE Table customer Column Email ( Table)

ALTER TABLE customer ADD UNIQUE (Email) Output

CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used C001 Win [email protected] TH 1000000 600000


Weerachai


C003 Jame Born [email protected] EN 3000000 600000


UNIQUE Column Email Rows

SQL AUTO_INCREMENT For MySQL Auto Number , Database : MySQL Syntax

CREATE TABLE "TableName" ( ColumnName1 DataType AUTO_INCREMENT, ColumnName2 DataType , ColumnName3 DataType , ColumnName4 DataType , ... PRIMARY KEY (ColumnName1) ) ALTER ALTER TABLE "TabmeName" CHANGE ColumnName1 ColumnName1 DataType AUTO_INCREMENT Sample 1 audit Column AuditID , CustomerID , Date , Used AuditID AUTO_INCREMENT

CREATE TABLE audit ( AuditID int(4) NOT NULL auto_increment, CustomerID varchar(4) NOT NULL, Date date NOT NULL, Used double NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (AuditID) ); 1,2,3,4,5,6 .... 0 0001,0002,0003 Attributes UNSIGNED ZEROFILL

ALTER TABLE audit CHANGE AuditID AuditID INT( 4 ) UNSIGNED ZEROFILL NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT


SQL AUTO_INCREMENT/IDENTITY For SQL SERVER Auto Number SQL Server Database : SQL Server Syntax

CREATE TABLE "TableName" ( ColumnName1 DataType IDENTITY (1, 1) , ColumnName2 DataType , ColumnName3 DataType , ColumnName4 DataType , ... PRIMARY KEY (ColumnName1) ) Sample 1 audit Column AuditID , CustomerID , Date , Used AuditID AUTO_INCREMENT IDENTITY

CREATE TABLE audit ( AuditID int(4) IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL , CustomerID varchar(4) NOT NULL, Date date NOT NULL, Used double NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (AuditID) ); SQL Server Management Studio

SQL AUTO_INCREMENT For ORACLE Auto Number Oracle Create Auto Number Oracle Table Sequence Database : Oracle


Syntax

create sequence my_seq start with 1 increment by 1 nomaxvalue; Sample 1 Insert Next Sequence

INSERT INTO audit_log (AuditID,CustomerID,Date,Used) VALUES (my_seq.nextval,'C001','27-Nov-2010','10000000') SQL INSERT INTO...SET (Table) Syntax MySQL Column Value Database : MySQL Syntax

INSERT INTO [Table-Name] SET Column1 = 'Value1' , Column2 = 'Value2' , ... Table : country CountryCode CountryName

TH Thailand

EN English

US United states

Sample1 Table

INSERT INTO country SET CountryCode =''CH'' ,CountryName = 'Chaina' Output

CountryCode CountryName

TH Thailand

EN English

US United states

CH Chaina

SQL CREATE DATABSE Create Database MySQL Database : MySQL Syntax


CREATE DATABASE "DatabaseName" Sample1 mydatabase

CREATE DATABASE mydatabase Output

CustomerID

mydatabase SQL CASE..WHEN Value Syntax IF...Else... Database : SQL Server Syntax

Simple CASE expression: CASE input_expression WHEN when_expression THEN result_expression [ ...n ] [ ELSE else_result_expression ] END Searched CASE expression: CASE WHEN Boolean_expression THEN result_expression [ ...n ] [ ELSE else_result_expression ] END Table : customer

Name Email CountryCode Budget Used





Sample1 CASE...WHEN Column CountryCode

SELECT CustomerID, Name, CASE CountryCode WHEN 'TH' THEN 'Thailand' WHEN 'EN' THEN 'English' WHEN 'US' THEN 'United states' ELSE 'Unknown' END AS Country FROM customer Output

CustomerID Name Country


C001 Win Weerachai Thailand

C002 John Smith English

C003 Jame Born United states

C004 Chalee Angel United states

THEN Value Column

SELECT CustomerID, Name, CASE CountryCode WHEN 'TH' THEN Column1 WHEN 'EN' THEN 'Value' WHEN 'US' THEN Column3 ELSE Column4 END AS Country FROM customer SQL NULL / ISNULL NULL Column Database : SQL Server Syntax

NULL , IS NULL , ISNULL

SELECT * FROM table WHERE Column = NULL SELECT * FROM table WHERE Column IS NULL Column NOT NULL SELECT * FROM table WHERE ISNULL(Column,'1') // Null 1 SQL CASCADE ONUPDATE/ONDELETE Primary Keys Foreign keys Master Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle MySQL Relation CasCade On Delete/On Update MySQL Relation Table InnoDB CasCade DELETE UPDATE Syntax InnoDB


CREATE TABLE `customer` ( . . . . ) ENGINE=InnoDB; Table customer audit customer audit Table : customer CREATE TABLE `customer` ( `CustomerID` varchar(4) NOT NULL, `Name` varchar(50) NOT NULL, Èmail` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `CountryCode` varchar(2) NOT NULL, `Budget` double NOT NULL, Ùsed` double NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`CustomerID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB; INSERT INTO `customer` VALUES ('C001', 'Win Weerachai', '[email protected]', 'TH', 1000000, 600000); INSERT INTO `customer` VALUES ('C002', 'John Smith', '[email protected]', 'EN', 2000000, 800000); INSERT INTO `customer` VALUES ('C003', 'Jame Born', '[email protected]', 'US', 3000000, 600000); INSERT INTO `customer` VALUES ('C004', 'Chalee Angel', '[email protected]', 'US', 4000000, 100000); INSERT INTO `customer` VALUES ('C005', 'Weerachai Nukitram', '[email protected]', 'TH', 2000000, 100000);

Table : audit CREATE TABLE àudit` ( ÀuditID` int(4) NOT NULL, `CustomerID` varchar(4) NOT NULL, `Date` date NOT NULL, Ùsed` double NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (ÀuditID`), FOREIGN KEY (CustomerID) REFERENCES customer (CustomerID) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE


CASCADE ) ENGINE=InnoDB; INSERT INTO àudit` VALUES (1, 'C001', '2008-08-01', 100000); INSERT INTO àudit` VALUES (2, 'C001', '2008-08-05', 200000); INSERT INTO àudit` VALUES (3, 'C001', '2008-08-10', 300000); INSERT INTO àudit` VALUES (4, 'C002', '2008-08-02', 400000); INSERT INTO àudit` VALUES (5, 'C002', '2008-08-07', 100000); INSERT INTO àudit` VALUES (6, 'C002', '2008-08-15', 300000); INSERT INTO àudit` VALUES (7, 'C003', '2008-08-20', 400000); INSERT INTO àudit` VALUES (8, 'C003', '2008-08-25', 200000); INSERT INTO àudit` VALUES (9, 'C004', '2008-07-04', 100000); INSERT INTO àudit` VALUES (10, 'C005', '2008-07-04', 200000);

Relation 2 customer audit SQL FIRST (Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT FIRST(ColumnName) FROM TableName Table : customer CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used






Sample1 FIRST customer

SELECT FIRST(Name) As Name FROM customer Output

Name

Weerachai Nukitram

SQL EXISTS Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT * FROM TableName1 WHERE [NOT] EXISTS (SELECT * FROM TableName2) Table : customer1 CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used





Table : customer2 CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used




Sample1 customer1 customer2

SELECT * FROM customer1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM customer2) Output





NOT EXISTS


SQL ALTER / / Coulmn Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

ALTER TABLE tablename ADD COLUMN (field1 type (size) (index1), ...) Table : customer CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used





Sample1 Column Msn Column Email

ALTER TABLE customer ADD Msn VARCHAR( 100 ) NOT NULL AFTER Email Output

CustomerID Name Email Msn CountryCode Budget Used





SQL DROP , , Index Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

- DROP TABLE 'TableName' - DROP DATABASE 'DatabaseName' - Index DROP INDEX TableName.IndexName (for SQL Server) DROP INDEX TableName on IndexName (for Access) SQL UNION ALL Table UNION UNION ALL


UNION 2 DISTINCT Table Table UNION ALL Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT * FROM Table1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM Table2 Table : customer1

CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used C001 Win Weerachai [email protected] TH 1000000 600000 C002 John Smith [email protected] EN 2000000 800000 C003 Jame Born [email protected] US 3000000 600000


Table : customer2




Sample1 UNION

SELECT * FROM customer1 UNION SELECT * FROM customer2 Output

CustomerID Name Email Msn CountryCode Budget Used C001 Win Weerachai [email protected] TH 1000000 600000 C002 John Smith [email protected] EN 2000000 800000 C003 Jame Born [email protected] US 3000000 600000 C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000

Sample2 UNION ALL

SELECT * FROM customer1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM customer2 Output

CustomerID Name Email Msn CountryCode Budget Used C001 Win Weerachai [email protected] TH 1000000 600000 C002 John Smith [email protected] EN 2000000 800000


C003 Jame Born [email protected] US 3000000 600000 C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000 C004 Chalee Angel [email protected] US 4000000 100000

SQL AS Alias Name (Column) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT Column As NewColumn FROM Table1 Table : customer1



Sample1 Used Column Total

SELECT SUM(Used) As Total FROM customer Output

Total 2100000

SQL LAST (Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT LAST(ColumnName) FROM TableName Table : customer CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used





Sample1 LAST customer


SELECT LAST(Name) As Name FROM customer Output

Name

Chalee Angel

SQL MYSQL IF IF Database : MySQL Syntax

SELECT IF search_condition 'true','false' AS Column Table : customer1 CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used





Sample1 Used 200000 Low 200000 Height

SELECT CustomerID,Name,Used, IF(Used


SELECT WHERE

SELECT * FROM table WHERE DAY(Column) = 1 and MONTH(Column) = 07 and YEAR(Column) = 2008 Table : audit AuditID CustomerID Date Used

1 C001 2008-07-01 100000

2 C001 2008-07-05 200000

3 C001 2008-07-10 300000

4 C002 2008-07-02 400000

5 C002 2008-07-07 100000

6 C002 2008-07-15 300000

7 C003 2008-07-20 400000

8 C003 2008-07-25 200000

9 C004 2008-07-04 100000

Sample1 audit WHERE

SELECT DAY(Date) As ListDay FROM audit WHERE MONTH(Date) = '7' AND YEAR(Date) = '2008' Output

ListDay 01

05

10

02

07

15

20

25

04

SQL MYSQL DATE_FOMRAT Format MySQL Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server Syntax

SELECT DATE_FORMAT(date,format) DateFormat

Specifier Description

%a Abbreviated weekday name (Sun..Sat)

%b Abbreviated month name (Jan..Dec)

%c Month, numeric (0..12)


Specifier Description

%D Day of the month with English suffix (0th, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, )

%d Day of the month, numeric (00..31)

%e Day of the month, numeric (0..31)

%f Microseconds (000000..999999)

%H Hour (00..23)

%h Hour (01..12)

%I Hour (01..12)

%i Minutes, numeric (00..59)

%j Day of year (001..366)

%k Hour (0..23)

%l Hour (1..12)

%M Month name (January..December)

%m Month, numeric (00..12)

%p AM or PM

%r Time, 12-hour (hh:mm:ss followed by AM or PM)

%S Seconds (00..59)

%s Seconds (00..59)

%T Time, 24-hour (hh:mm:ss)

%U Week (00..53), where Sunday is the first day of the week

%u Week (00..53), where Monday is the first day of the week

%V Week (01..53), where Sunday is the first day of the week; used with %X

%v Week (01..53), where Monday is the first day of the week; used with %x

%W Weekday name (Sunday..Saturday)

%w Day of the week (0=Sunday..6=Saturday)

%X Year for the week where Sunday is the first day of the week, numeric, four digits; used with %V

%x Year for the week, where Monday is the first day of the week, numeric, four digits; used with %v

%Y Year, numeric, four digits

%y Year, numeric (two digits)

%% A literal % character

%x x, for any x not listed above

SELECT WHERE

SELECT DATE_FORMAT(DateColumn,'%Y-%m') As NewColumn FROM table WHERE DATE_FORMAT(DateColumn,'%m-%d') = '07-01' Table : audit AuditID CustomerID Date Used

1 C001 2008-07-01 100000

2 C001 2008-07-05 200000

3 C001 2008-07-10 300000

4 C002 2008-07-02 400000

5 C002 2008-07-07 100000

6 C002 2008-07-15 300000

7 C003 2008-07-20 400000


8 C003 2008-07-25 200000

9 C004 2008-07-04 100000

Sample1 audit WHERE '07-01'

SELECT DATE_FORMAT(Date,'%Y-%m') As MyDate FROM audit WHERE DATE_FORMAT(Date,'%m-%d') = '07-01' Output

MyDate

2008-07

SQL MYSQL DATE_ADD() (Table) Database : MySQL Syntax

DATE_ADD(date,INTERVAL expr unit)

unit Value Expected expr Format MICROSECOND MICROSECONDS

SECOND SECONDS

MINUTE MINUTES

HOUR HOURS

DAY DAYS

WEEK WEEKS

MONTH MONTHS

QUARTER QUARTERS

YEAR YEARS

SECOND_MICROSECOND 'SECONDS.MICROSECONDS'

MINUTE_MICROSECOND 'MINUTES:SECONDS.MICROSECONDS'

MINUTE_SECOND 'MINUTES:SECONDS'

HOUR_MICROSECOND 'HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS.MICROSECONDS'

HOUR_SECOND 'HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS'

HOUR_MINUTE 'HOURS:MINUTES'

DAY_MICROSECOND 'DAYS HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS.MICROSECONDS'

DAY_SECOND 'DAYS HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS'

DAY_MINUTE 'DAYS HOURS:MINUTES'

DAY_HOUR 'DAYS HOURS'

YEAR_MONTH 'YEARS-MONTHS'

Table : member

CustomerID Name Email ReisgerDate


C001 Win Weerachai [email protected] 2010-11-27 18:34:00

Sample1 Column RegisterDate 1

SELECT Name, DATE_ADD(OrderDate,INTERVAL 30 DAY) As RegisterDate FROM customer Output

Name Register Date

Win Weerachai 2010-12-27 18:34:00

SQL MYSQL DATEDIFF() (Table) 2 Database : MySQL Syntax

DATEDIFF(date1,date2) Table : member

CustomerID Name Email StartDate EndDate

C001 Win Weerachai [email protected] 2010-11-27 2010-12-27

Sample1 Column StartDate EndDate

SELECT Name, DATEDIFF(StartDate,EndDate) As DiffDate FROM customer Output

Name DiffDate

Win Weerachai 30

SQL MID (Table) Colomn Field Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT MID(column_name,start[,length]) FROM table_name Table : customer







Sample1 Column Name 4

SELECT MID(Name,1,4) As Name FROM customer Output

Name

Win

John

Jame

Chal

SQL UCASE , UPPER (Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT UCASE(ColumnName) FROM table_name Table : customer CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used





Sample1 Column Name

SELECT UCASE(Name) As Name FROM customer Output

Name

WIN WEERACHAI

JOHN SMITH

JAME BORN

CHALEE ANGEL


SQL LCASE , LOWER (Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT LCASE(ColumnName) FROM table_name Table : customer CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used





Sample1 Column Name

SELECT LCASE(Name) As Name FROM customer Output

Name

win weerachai

john smith

jame born

chalee angel

SQL LEN (Table) Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT LEN(ColumnName) FROM table_name Table : customer CustomerID Name Email CountryCode Budget Used





Sample1 Column Name

SELECT Name, LEN(Name) As LenName FROM customer Output


Name LenName

win weerachai 13

john smith 10

jame born 9

chalee angel 12

SQL ROUND (Table) >= .5 < .5 Database : MySQL,Microsoft Access,SQL Server,Oracle Syntax

SELECT ROUND(ColumnName) FROM table_name SQL NOW() MySQL Database Database : MySQL Database Syntax

SELECT NOW() SELECT * FROM table WHERE Column = NOW() INSERT INTO table (Column1,Column2) VALUES ('Value1',NOW()) SQL SYSDATE() Oracle Database Database : Oracle Database Syntax

SELECT SYSDATE() SELECT * FROM table WHERE Column = SYSDATE() INSERT INTO table (Column1,Column2) VALUES ('Value1',SYSDATE()) SQL REPAIR TABLE MySQL Database : MySQL Syntax

REPAIR TABLE `table-name


SQL USE Database : MySQL , SQL Server Syntax

USE DatabaseName SQL RENAME TABLE (Rename Table) Database : MySQL Syntax

RENAME TABLE `old-table` `new-table` SQL RENAME DATABASE Database : MySQL Syntax

RENAME DATABASE `old-database` `new-database` SQL ORACLE IMP (Import Database) Import Oracle Database Database : Oracle Syntax

imp user/password@tns-name file=file-name.dmp full=yes SQL ORACLE EXP (Export Database) Export Oracle Database Database : Oracle Syntax

exp user/password@tns-name file=d:\file-name.dmp SQL OPTIMIZE TABLE Table MySQL Database : MySQL


Syntax

REPAIR OPTIMIZE `table-name` SQL CONVERT() SQL Server Database : SQL Server Syntax

CONVERT ( data_type [ ( length ) ] ,expression [ ,style ] ) CONVERT (GETDATE() , 103) Expression

With century (yyyy) Standard Input/Output** 0 or 100 (*) Default mon dd yyyy hh:mi AM (or PM) 101 United States mm/dd/yyyy 102 ANSI yy.mm.dd 103 British/French dd/mm/yy 104 German dd.mm.yy 105 Italian dd-mm-yy 106 - dd mon yy 107 - Mon dd, yy 108 - hh:mm:ss 9 or 109 (*) Default + milliseconds mon dd yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmm AM (or PM) 110 United States mm-dd-yy 111 JAPAN yy/mm/dd 112 ISO Yymmdd 13 or 113 (*) Europe default + milliseconds dd mon yyyy hh:mm:ss:mmm (24h) 114 - hh:mi:ss:mmm (24h) 20 or 120 (*) ODBC canonical yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss (24h) 21 or 121 (*) ODBC canonical (with milliseconds) yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss.mmm (24h) 126(***) ISO8601 yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.mmm (no spaces) 130* Hijri**** dd mon yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmm AM 131* Hijri**** dd/mm/yy hh:mi:ss:mmm AM

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