springer ebooks and working with consortia icolc meeting, munich october 20, 2008

Springer eBooks and working with consortia

ICOLC Meeting, Munich

October 20, 2008

www.springer.com/ebooks 2

Cynthia Cleto/eProduct Management

Agenda

• Market landscape and business model

• 3 case studies on working with consortia

• Usage trends and implications



Market leader in STM book publishing

LWW

Sage

Palgrave Macmillan

CUP

Wiley-Blackwell

Elsevier

OUP

Taylor & Francis

Springer

Medicine Science & Technology Social Sciences & Humanities

(Data from www.puballey.com; if a book is published simultaneously in hard- and paperback editions, only the hardback edition was included)

Number of English-Language Titles Published in 2006

3,609

3,386

1,911

1,861

1,489

1,304

1,078

679

382



Business Model – Multi Channel approach

–Direct Channel

• Collection based through Springer Library Relations

• Pick & Choose Book Series & Reference Works

– Indirect Channel

• Collection Based through agents and booksellers

– Missing Link, Dawson, EBSCO, YBP, Coutts, etc.

–3rd Party Vendor Channel

• Pick and Choose Monographs

– Ciando, Ebrary, Netlibrary, MyiLibrary, eBooks.com



Service

Direct/Indirect collection Business model for e-books

Content

• Ownership model

• 13 (English/International) and 5 (German) subject specific e-book packages

• Annual packages based on copyright year

• Lower title cost than list price

• Perpetual access to acquired content

• Content accessed via SpringerLink (Multiple access via IP recognition)

• Unlimited use



Service

3rd Party Business model for e-books

Content

• Flexible: Pick and Choose Monographs (excl. Ref Works, Textbooks, & eBook

Series)

• Not an ownership model

• Higher title cost than list price

• No Perpetual access to acquired content unless purchased at a premium.

• Content accessed via chosen platform (Netlibrary etc)

• May have limits on use (DRM, seats, number of copies etc).



Proven Business Model

• Ownership and perpetual access

Unlimited usage

• Virtually no Digital Rights Management (DRM)

Technical advantages

• Integration of content on SpringerLink

• “Journalization” of content

• MARC Records (Basic Springer MARCs, OCLC)

• Counter-compliant usage statistics



• All books published within the 2008 copyright year:

•Major Reference Works

•Book Series

•Monographs

•Textbooks

• Back-years (2005-2007) available at a highly discounted fee

What is included? 2008 copyright year only



Pricing model based on size and type of institution

Size of

institution

Type of institution (Research intensity)

Price

# students (FTE’s)

Medium

e.g. # of Researchers/Research expenditures

Small

Large

Very Small

Very Large

1

2

3

4

5



Additional discounts

• Consortia discounts

• Back-year discounts

• Discounts may increase depending on number of

institutions participating



Agenda






The spectrum of consortia out there

Centralized Individualized

Ideal scenario: Centralized governing body, contract, and invoice

Most consortia will lie in between



Case Study 1: German-speaking countries 2008

Consortia contracts

•Bavaria (24 members)

•North-Rhine-Westfalia (20 members)

•Friedrich-Althoff (6 members)

•Saxony (8 members)

•Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (3 members)

Individual (bilateral) contracts

•Switzerland

•Austria

•Baden-Württemberg

•Hesse

•Lower Saxony

Reach



Case Study 1: German-speaking countries 2008 continued

• Offer: Pricing is based on size of the corresponding university department

– On average, libraries buy 2.4 German eBook Collections

• Mixed governance:

– consortia function as buying clubs

– Some groups have catalog unions, others function individually

Centralized workflow

Headoffice of Catalogue Unions gets

Metadata via ftp-server

Libraries …

•in Nordrhein-Westfalen via HBZ

•in Berlin/Brandenburg via KOBV

•in Baden-Württemberg via BSZ

•in Sachsen via BSZ

Local Catalogueing

Library downloads MARC-records from Springer

Website

Libraries …

•Bayern

•Austria

•Switzerland



Case Study 1: German-speaking countries 2008 continued

eBook-packages bought by Bavarian Libraries (eBooks 07 vs. 08) (example: Bavaria Consortium)

University Würzburg

University Regensburg

Univers. Bamberg

University Passau University BW München

University Erlangen

2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 208 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008

Medicine

Math.

Beh. Sc. Humanities

Medizin Medizin GeWi Medizin Medizin

T+I Biomed. T+I T+I T+I T+I T+I T+I T+I

GeWi GeWi CS CS GeWi GeWi CS CS GeWi GeWi

NaWi NaWi NaWi NaWi B&E B&E B&E B&E B&E B&E NaWi NaWi

WiWi WiWi WiWi WiWi WiWi WiWi WiWi WiWi WiWi WiWi WiWi WiWi



Case Study 2: ANKOS consortium, Turkey

• Reach: 51 members in total, 24 joined for eBooks

• Individualized governance: Each institution joins at their own capacity, depending on

budget and need for subject collection

– Separate contracts

– Send one invoice to agent, agent invoices individually

– Separate catalogs

• Offer: 3 aspects determine price - # collections purchased, # of institutions that join, # FTE

for each institution that join

• Negotiations: Via an agent



Case Study 2: ANKOS Consortium, Turkey continued

• Access: IP authentification on SpringerLink

• Issues and problem-solving:

– Not having complete title list for upcoming copyright year

– Provided offer for years already completed, copyright year 2007 with 2005+2006 back-

years

– MARC Records initially an issue, but training sessions resolved the issue

• Lessons learned:

– Communicate with consortia as an umbrella-organization, but using our salesforce and

agents to communicate with each institution individually

– Communicate eBooks as a “renewable product” to integrate into yearly budgets

– Valuation of content is important



Case Study 3: OhioLINK

• Reach: 89 colleges and universities (16 public/research, 23 community/technical, 50 private, State Library of Ohio), 600,000 students/faculty/staff

• Content: 40,000 eBooks, complete Springer eBook Collection

• Central governance: One contract, invoice, and library catalog

• Offer: Providing complete Springer eBook Collection to OhioLINK in one fee for the whole state

– Valuation of content based on larger institutions

– Smaller institutions have access

• Negotiations: Direct with Springer

• Timeline:

– Negotiations with Tom Sanville in Q4 2006

– Multi-year contract end-2006



Case Study 3: OhioLINK continued

• Access: IP authentification on OhioLINK E-book Center, and on SpringerLink

• Issues and problem-solving:

– OhioLINK has repository and required local loading

– Process was slow and labor intensive

– Springer provided hard-drive delivery during upgrade of the FTP network to increase

delivery speeds

– OhioLINK and Springer checked that sent files matched received files

– OhioLINK has complete title list, and titles are uploaded on-the-fly as available on DDS

(file repository for upload onto SpringerLink)

• Lessons learned:

– One point of contact and decision-maker streamlines negotiation efforts

– Correct parties required for problem resolution



Agenda






0,8 0,8

1,3

2,6

2,9

1,91,8

1,61,8

2,9

3,8

3,0

3,6

2,8

2,1

3,0

3,7

4,3

2,4

3,7

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2007: Total 25.2 mio

2008: Budget 50 mio

SpringerLink Fulltext Chapter Downloads 2007-2008 (in mio)

Usage total in 2007: 25.2 mio downloadsJan-Aug 08: 25.6 mio (Jan-Aug 07: 13.6 mio) = + 88%

eBooks Usage



COUNTER Book Report 2a sample



Added usage dimensions

• Usage on consortia level

• Customized usage reports – Core Metrics Tool (coming soon)



Trends in eBook Usage

• Some Titles are part of course material that is given only once a year: usage for a

specific title is peaking in that month

• Mostly only book chapters that match search-string are downloaded

• Frequently all chapters of a book are downloaded (for future reference?)

• Students use more books than journals

• Researchers use journals as well as books



Usage by Book Type

1,239

1,445

1,635

1,693

2,000

2,572

3,149

594

1,120

983

Popular Science

Contributed Volume

Monograph

Professional Book

Average

Proceedings

Reference Work

English Language Textbook

German Language Textbook

Handbook

Average eBooks Chapter Downloads 2007by Book Type

• Springer References and textbooks are the

book types with the highest average

download figures.

• Proceedings, professional books,

monographs as well as contributed volumes

follow with some distance.

• Popular Science books had the least usage.

Only major categories are shown



Usage by Package – English Language

704

708

1,373

1,379

1,397

1,481

1,495

1,504

1,574

1,582

2,497

365

620

573

Humanities, Social Sciences, Law

Professional Computing

Behavioral Science

Buisness and Economics

Architecture and Design

Medicine

Average

Earth & Environm. Sciences

Physics & Astronomy

Biomedical & Life Sciences

Engineering

Computer Science

Mathematics & Statistics

Chemistry & Materials

Average eBooks Chapter Downloads 2007by Package• There is a relatively homogenous picture

across the STM disciplines.

• Chemistry & Materials Science which has the

highest average download numbers.

• Social Sciences and Humanities have lower

usage numbers.



Usage by Copyright Years

2005 2006 2007

1410

1570

1346

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Average eBooks Chapter Downloads 2007 by Copyright Year• Books from 2005 were used almost as

frequently as books from 2006, and even

more frequently than books from 2007.

• Unlike for journals content, the age of book

content seems not to play a very important

role.

• In an ‘online search environment’ the age of a

book is only of minor importance.



Distribution of Usage (1)

• The Top 20% of eBook titles account for ‘just’ 55% of usage

• Usage is less concentrated than for journals, where usually a 20/80 rule applies

• Among the top used titles there are many of the ‘usual suspects’ (Dubbel, Springer Handbooks

series, Prokaryotes, bestselling textbooks), so ‘content still counts’

• But there is definitely a ‘long tail’ of usage, many titles that sell only a few copies are now

‘findable’ and quite frequently used online



Distribution of Usage (2)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

# eBooks

# f

ull-

text

ch

ap

ter

do

wn

loa

ds

20

07

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Top 20% eBooks account for 55% of total chapter downloads

Top 10% eBooks account for 39% of total chapter downloads

Springer: Distribution of Citations and Full-Text Downloads



Drivers of usage (The “MARC Effect”)Continued…

166 232 228 195 439

2677

1947

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar 07 Apr-07 May07

Jun-07 Jul-07

RMIT University Library,Melbourne, Australia

University of Auckland, NewZealand

Auckland University ofTechnology, New Zealand



Usage at four selected customers

28%

72%

SpringerLink Fulltext Downloads Oct 2007 YTD

HEAL-Link Hong Kong Consortium

University of Münster

Journals Articles eBooks Chapters

20%80%

49%51%

47%53%

University of Chicago



Metrics to investigateMetric Description Comments

Title Reach Number of book titles that have been used Useful metric. In the print world, many

books were never taken from the shelf.

Google and MARC records make “less

popular” books visible to it’s (smaller)

audience.

Cost per use Price paid divided by number of uses Somewhat useful. This is generic and an

average. May be useful in proving ROI if

figures are high. But remember, Springer

eBooks are sold on ownership model. This

will decrease over the years.

Cost per title used Total Cost divided by number of titles with

usage

Somewhat, however because books can be

accessed perpetually, the cost will go down

over the years.

Age of used books Is the age of books relevant when used? Slightly older books are nearly as used as

newer books. eBook collection keeps its

value over the years.

eBook usage

compared to journal

usage

eBook chapter usage compared journal article

usage.

“Journalization” of book content makes

“chapter” and “articles” more similar.

Springer sees a 20-50% at some large

customers. This will increase over the years.



Summary

• Proven business-model

– Ownership, unlimited use, no DRM

• Case studies

– Must be flexible with spectrum of consortia


– Growing at a fast pace

– Unique from journal usage (long tail of usage)

– Look at drivers that can be influenced, and metrics to provide measure of ROI



Thank you. Questions?

Cynthia CletoGlobal Manager for [email protected]

212 460-1646www.springer.com/ebooks

Klaus Bahmann

Director Licensing

Germany, Switzerland, Austria

[email protected]

tel +49 (0)6221 / 487-8726

Dagmar Laging

Vice President Sales

Germany, Switzerland, Austria

[email protected]

tel +49 (0)6221 / 487-8365

springer ebooks and working with consortia icolc meeting, munich october 20, 2008

Documents

springer ebooks

springer library relationspick

business model3 case

copyright yearlower

list priceno perpetual

list priceperpetual

consortiausage trends

ebooksservice contentflexible