sports psychology unit 9. 2. athletes reaction to injury treatment of injury requires attending both...
TRANSCRIPT
2. Athletes Reaction to Injury
Treatment of injury requires attending both ______ and ____________________needs
Athletes depend on the ability of their bodies to perform at optimal levels
Performance can be the cornerstone of social and economic success
Performance is important to ____________
An injury is any physical challenge that interferes with performance and can be devastating
3. Psychological Reactions
Reactions depend on:Athletes ________________of the injuries severity
How injury interferes with peak performance
Athlete themselves- reactions vary considerably from athlete to athlete
Emotional reactions are caused by:__________associated with tissue damage
Amount of_______________ focused on injury
4. Psychological Components
All physical injuries have a psychological responses
Responses may include:Anxiety about the loss of motor skills and _________
Anxiety about _______________
Anxiety about ________________
Anxiety about their return to play
5. Psychological Phases
5 phases have been identified which individuals progress through when confronted with grief or loss
Phases can occur in different ______________
Phases can occur with varying degrees of ______
In some cases one or more phases may be omitted
These reactions are normal and athlete must be allowed to_____________________
7. Denial Phase
After a sudden injury the athlete will commonly deny the _____________of the condition“Nothing is really wrong”Irrational thinking indicates denial of the true seriousness of the injuryAthlete needs to reshape their perception of the injuryEither the athlete will change perception and leave denial phase or seek second and third opinions- prolonging the phase
8. Anger Phase
Once athlete can no longer deny an injury they often become angry
Anger is toward themselves, those around them, and______________________
Challenging anger only makes it worse
“Why me” “What did I do wrong” Why am I being punished” “It’s not fair”
Athlete may lose interest in rehabilitation
9. Bargaining Phase
After anger subsides – reality and severity set in they begin to have doubts and fears about injury
Athlete is trying to establish _________________ situation.
Bargaining may be reflected by pressure put on therapy staff to “work miracles” and get them back to participation.
10. Depression Phase
As athlete becomes aware of the length of time necessary for healing then depression sets in.
In cases of an athlete’s first severe injury depression may be very severe.
________________and lose of desire for food may occur.
Patience is critical
11. Acceptance Phase
Gradually athlete begins to feel less depressed and isolated and becomes resigned to the situation.
Athlete will apply _____________to rehabilitate.
Athlete will accept limitation and focus on getting back to participation.
12.Pain denial or Loss of function
Athletes who deny pain or loss of functionIgnore pain signals or deny loss of function from injury
Tolerate high____________
Apparently believe it is to their advantage not to acknowledge discomfort
Watch athletes carefully to try to ___________of injury
Pay close attention to those athletes who have hidden injuries in the past
13. Injury as a relief
Athletes who view injury as a source of reliefSome athletes would rather be injured than compete
Injury can provide a ____________________reason to avoid the pressure to succeed
Discussing athletes perception of situation and reaction to pressure may be helpful
Athlete may need help learning to perceive the competitive situation as ____________and more of an opportunity
14. Intervention Skills
Communication
Encourage______________
_______________
Maintaining Team Associations
_____________Skills
Visual Imagery
Positive Self-Talk
15. Communication
Be honest and complete with the athlete about needs, expectations and progress
Evaluate often
Do not neglect their __________________by trying to cheer them up or ignoring their feelings
_________ feelings are normal and should receive support as they work through them
16. Encourage Cooperation
Building cooperation and patience with athletes is essential for success rehabRemember athletes are the ones who must dedicate the time, effort and endure the painGive clear__________________Outline _____________used in the treatmentMake responsible predictions of athletes prognosis and return to competition to improve cooperation
17. Goal Setting
Is critical to establish a program that will be motivational and achieve success
Measure________________
Break programs into small sub goals so that improvement is more________
Set both short and long term goalsInclude _______________about what will be achieved, specifically what must be done, and time frame
Build rewards into reaching goals
18. Maintain Team Association
Athlete’s social status and rewards often dramatically decrease with an injury
___________based on team membership become threatened
Team Association keeps injured athletes ________ to return from fading
Must keep involved with teamLight workouts
Assist with coaching or managerial tasks
19.Relaxation Skills
________healing
________blood flow
Help work through ______
3 techniquesFocused relaxed breathing
Progressive muscle relaxation
Meditation
21. Progressive Muscle Relaxation
Most extensively used technique for relaxation todayCan be practiced in a reclining position or while seated in a chairEach muscle group in tensed from 5-7 seconds, then relaxed for 20-30 secondsOne repetition of the procedure is sufficientIf tension remains in the area- repeat in that area
22. Progressive Muscle Relaxation
The sequence of tensing and releasing is systematically applied to the body
Starting hands-arms-head-chest-lower body
Throughout the session a number of expressions for relaxing may be used
“Let the tension dissolve”
“Let go on the tension”
23. Progressive Muscle Relaxation
After the athlete has become highly aware of the tension in the body the contraction is gradually decreased until little remains
The athlete focuses on one area and mentally wills the tension to decrease to zero or complete relaxation
A short progressive program can be developed- not as satisfactory, does help the person to become aware of the body
24. Meditation
Technique used in culture dating back nearly 3000 years
Many consider meditation to be an________ rather than a process
Not only relaxation, but individual’s capacity for
______________________
Can reduce mental anxiety, muscular tension, and create a climate for___________________
25. Effects of Meditation
Use up to _______oxygen
Produce less____________
Slower respiratory rate
Decreased resting heart rate
Decreased blood pressure
Brain waves that are associated with the relaxed mental state increase
26. Meditation Techniques
Focus on a constant mental stimulus such as:_______________repeated silently or audibly,
A sound or a_____________
Perhaps a gaze steadily at some object
_______________________as they come into consciousness and return to focus of attention
27. Meditation Techniques
Position in a comfortable position
Normally, the eyes are closed unless the meditator is focused on some external object
A ____________is essential
Once fully physically relaxed, the process can begin
28.Meditation Techniques
With each exhalation the athlete emits self-talk of a short wordWord is repeated over and over for 10-20 minutes
Words such as peace, relaxed or one are excellent
After repeating the word, athlete comes back to physical reality slowly and gentlyAs awareness increases, physical activity should also increaseMoving too quickly or standing up suddenly may produce light headedness or dizziness
29. Visual Imagery
Imagination rules the world!!!!
The imagination can greatly influence their response to an injury
Athletes can be taught to control:_____________to direct tem productively
Reduce____________
Aid in ____________and healing
Athletes should imagine the healing in the tissues and actually breath air out through the injured area
Visual Imagery
Athletes should mentally practice returning to activity and the _________________________and regaining full movement
It is not unusual for athletes to have __________to the original injury movement
Reassure that this is normal and that they should replace that image with one of what it will be like to return to action
31. Positive Self-Talk
Helpful in moving through the grieving process and focusing on recovery
Use _____________________and have athletes verbally encourage and reward themselves for their efforts and progress
32. Overtraining, Staleness and Burnout
Stress refers to a change
Stress is not all bad, nor is it all good
Sports participation serves as a_____________
Training too ________________without proper rest is overtraining
Athletes who undergo ____________can become stale and burnt out
33. Overtraining Signs
Coaches, therapeutic staff, and athletes should be aware of the following:
Changes in an athlete’s_______________
Changes in an athletes_______________________
Psychosomatic complaints and decrease in intensity
________in the practice climate of the team- increased small overuse injuries
34.Staleness
Loss of___________________, and successful performance
Attributed to a variety of influences_________________or extended seasons
_____________in practice and program structure
_______________________and physical or controlling
High and constant levels of_________________
Poor eating habits
35.Staleness
Staleness may be the beginning of_________
Often a result of________________
Athletes are more prone to staleness if rewards of their efforts are minimal, like a losing season
36. Symptoms to Staleness
____________in performance
Chronic fatigue
__________
Loss of appetite
Indigestion
______________
High BP/Pulse at rest and at exercise
Inability to sleepIrritability and restlessness___________and depressionHas to force self to practice________of boredomDifficulty concentrating
37.Prevent Staleness
__________________breaks in routine
Allow athletes to have more _____________of decisions that affect them
Decrease ___________and stressful demands
Provide a supportive and caring environment
Sufficient attention to complaints and small injuries
______________skills- goal setting, relaxation, mental practices, positive self talk
38. Burnout
State of physical, mental and emotional environment
Ability to cope with minor daily frustrations _________and ability to cope with major problems are____________
Loss of _____________and interest
Can become extremely dangerous in terms of _______and ___________in terms of performance
39. Symptoms of Burnout
Exhaustion
___________
Emotional detachment
Psychosomatic complaints
_____________
40.Treatment for Burnout
Takes more drastic steps than staleness
Should be ______________________________or clinical counselor
___________from activity and environment
_________________counseling