SPORTS INJURIES

BY

Muhammad Fayyaz SaleemiTauqir Ahmad ButtAsif ShabirMuhammad ImranShabab Fatima

Learning Outcomes

Discuss preventing measures in sports injuries.

Elaborate the injuries which can occur in sports and exercise.

Explain the reasons why injuries may occur.

Describe methods to avoid injuries and aid recovery.

Sports InjuriesIt refers to kinds of injuries that

commonly occur during sports or exercise.

Some sport injuries result from accidents, other due to poor training practices, improper equipment, lack of conditioning, insufficient warm up or stretching.

How common sports injuries can be prevented by correct identification of risk factors

Intrinsic Risk Factors Extrinsic Risk Factors

Intrinsic

Muscle Imbalance

Postural Defects

Overuse

Age

Poor Technique

Inadequate Warm up

Extrinsic

Equipment

Other Players

Technique

Coaching or Instructions

Environmental Conditions

Nutrition

Factors in the Prevention of Sports Injuries

If we keep these factors in mind, we may reduce injuries in sports or exercise. Physical Conditioning

Appropriate conditioning programs can aid in the decreased risk of injuries. Safe athletic performance requires adequate; Muscular Strength and Balance Power Neuromuscular coordination Flexibility Cardiovascular Endurance Body Composition

Warm UpA correct warm up assists in;

Raising the body temperature Increasing Blood Flow Promoting oxygen supply to the muscles Provide mental preparation

Reduction in soft tissue injuries by enhancing mechanical behavior of muscles, ligaments, tendons and other connective tissues.

Cool DownRecovery can reduce incidence of

muscle soreness, post exercise as well as reduce the overall recovery time.

Stretching Warm up prior to stretching Dynamic stretching in the warm up Static stretching as part of a cool down Stretch before and after exercise/sports Stretch gently and slowly Stretch to the point of tension but not

pain

Appropriate Training

Type Amount Frequency Intensity

EquipmentUsing the right equipment can be

important in avoiding injuries in sports. Protective Equipment Playing Equipment Footwear Clothing

Role of the CoachThrough providing sports specific

knowledge with sports safety component, the coach can contribute greatly to the reduction of injury occurrence and severity.

Environmental Factors

Extreme cold and hot weather can cause injury. Extreme heat can produce heat cramps and dehydration. Extreme cold can cause frostbite and hypothermia. Type of playing surface Indoor vs. Outdoor Weather conditions Time of season Human Factors (team mates, opponents,

referee, coach and spectators)

Psychological Profile

Excessive psychological arousal, under-arousal and loss of concentration result in decrease in sporting performance and increase in the risk of injury. Motivation Risk Taking Stress Coping

NutritionInadequate excess of glycogen occurs

due to under-nutrition and causes a reliance on fat and protein stores resulting in protein breakdown, which in turn leads to soft tissue injury. Inadequate protein intake causes skeleton muscle breakdown. Deficiency of calcium and phosphorus result in altered bone metabolism resulting in injury.

Classification of Sports InjuriesSports injuries are generally classified in two ways; Acute Injuries Chronic Injuries

Acute InjuriesIt occurs suddenly when playing or

exercising. It has following kinds. Sprains Strains Dislocations Contusions Fractures

SprainsTears to the ligaments that join the

ends of the bones together. The ankles knees and wrists are commonly affected by sprains.

StrainsPulls or tears of muscles or

tendons (The tissues that attach the muscles to the bones).

FractureRefer to any break in the

continuity of the bones. Classified as partial, multiple and complete fracture.

DislocationA dislocation is an injury to a joint

(A place where two or more bones meet) in which the ends of your bones are forced from there positions. This painful injury temporarly deforms and immobilizes your joint.

ContusionContusion is an infiltration or

extravasion of blood into the tissue due to rupture of vessels by the application of blunt force.

Chronic InjuriesGradual onset and are caused by

repetitive light trauma to soft tissue or bone. Tennis Elbow Golfer’s Elbow Shin Splints Bursitis Stress Fractures

Tennis ElbowTennis elbow is pain on the outside

of the elbow that is result of the overuse (repeating the same motion). It causes damage to the tendons of forearm.

Golfer’s ElbowGolfer’s elbow is pain on the inside

of the elbow that is result of the overuse (repeating the same motion). It also causes damage to the tendons of forearm.

Shin Splint

Pain along the outside front of the lower leg, commonly seen in

runners.

BursitisBursa is a small balloon like sac that

can be found around joints and other moving parts of body such as shoulder, elbow, knee, foot and ankle. When bursa is inflamed and filled with fluid, the condition is known as bursitis and can be the cause of discomfort and pain.

Stress FracturesStress fractures are tiny cracks in a

bone. Fractures are caused by the repetitive application of force often by overuse such as repeatedly jumping up and down or running long distances.

Common Sports Injuries Ankle Sprain Quads Sprain Hamstring Strain Shin Splints ACL Injury Golfer’s Elbow Tennis Elbow Planter Fasciitis LBP Runner’s Knee

Acute Injury Management (R.I.C.E)

R-Rest-2,3 days with immobilization. I-Ice-Reduces pain and spasm,

minimizes cell death and causes vasoconstriction.

C-Compression-Decreases swelling by slowing the flow of fluid into that area.

E-Elevation-Decreases sweeling by encouraging blood return to the heart.

Chronic Injury Management Pain Killer Immobilization Corticosteroid Injections Physiotherapy Surgery Rehabilitation

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