spm ( chapter 5 )
TRANSCRIPT
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8/18/2019 SPM ( Chapter 5 )
1/15
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5.1 The
Nucleus
of
an
Atom
1
1 1
5.2 Radioactive
decay
2
1
2 2 2
5.3
The
Uses
of
Radioisotopes
1
5.4
Nuclear Energy
1
1
3
1 1
1
5.5 The
lmportance
of
Proper Management
of Radioactive
Substances
1
ss
The
Nucleus
of an Atom
SPM
2009
Question
48
I
Which
diagram
shows the structure
of
the
]Li
atom and the
composition
of
its
nucleus?
Rajah manakah
yang
menunjukkan struktur atom
\Li
dan komposisi
nukleusnya?
Key I Petunjuk:
@
neutron/neutron
gproton/proton
j
electron/elektron
AC
/**q\
/\
r
a
di o
akt
if Akt inium
-227
.
227
89
Diagram26
Rajah
26
Number
of
neutron
in the element
is
Bilangan
neutron dalam elemen ialah
489
B
138
c 227
D
316
SPM
2014
Question
49
3 Diagram
35 shows a
model of
hydrogen atom, H.
Rajah
35 menunjukkan model atom hidrogen, H.
l/
,n-**\
,-**x
/\
\,/
)----t
/
\ /,J
-**--
z---.\
./\
\
.'-*.-\
\,
/\l
lD*--l
\*--l
z--.-<
./\
I
Ac
Protium
atom
Atom Protium
Diagram
35
Rajah
35
,')
,')
la
/
I
I
\
\
I
I
I
I
\
I
I
I
I
I
I
t
\
\
I
I
,
I
D
//',rrt'
*r,tta
i&\
*,'--l\lt
Key
Kunci
@
@
@
l
,
,
I
@
I
I
t
. . ,
#l
\irr*
-
-
Proton
Proton
Electron
Elektron
Neutron
Neutron
'.\'.1-
-,,
,,
\r#
)
\
\a----''
|n*-/
,/
\r.
,J
\\_.-/
\*
r'a
\/
SPM 2013
Question
47
2
Diagram 26
shows a
nuclide
notation
of
radioactive
element Actinitm-227
.
Rajah 26
menunjukkan notasi
nuklid satu
unsur
255
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2/15
Which
diagram
shows
the
model
for
isotope
hydrogen,
tritium atom,
H?
Rajah
manakah
yang menunjukkan
model
bagi
isotop
hidrogen,
atom
tritium,
H?
{WW
Radioactive
Decay
SPM
2008
Question
48
4
Diagram
30
shows
the
radioactive
decay
series
of
nucleus
R
to nucleus
V.
Rajah
30
menuniukkan
siri
pereputan
nukleus
R
kepada
nukleus
Y.
Nucleon
number
Nombor nukleon
C
D
w
B
4
a1
2t8
2t6
21,4
212
210
208
206
Proton
number
Nornbor
proton
1
82
83
84
8s
Diagram
30
Raiah
30
How
many
alpha
and
beta
particles are
emitted
in
this
process?
Berapakah
bilangan
zorah
alfa
dan
zarah
beta
yang
dipancarkan
dalam
Proses
ini?
Number
of
alpha
particles
Bilangan
zarah
alfa
Number
of
beta
particles
Bilangan
zaruh
beta
2
I
I
2
2
2
1
I
A
B
C
D
SPM
2008
Question
49
5
The half-life
of
arsenic
is
18 days.
A sample
contains
a
certain
amount
of
arsenic.
After 72
days,
only
10
g
of
the arsenic
still
remains.
What is the
initial
mass
of
the
arsenics?
Separuh hayat
bagi arsenik
ialah
18 hari.
sampel
mengandungi
seiumlah
arsenik.
Selepas
72
hari,
hanya
l0
g
arsenik
yang
masih
tinggal.
Berapakah
jisim
asal
arsenik
itu?
A
160
g
B
90g
SPM
2009
Question
49
6
The
initial
mass of
polonium
is 10
g
and
its
half-
life
is
138 days.
Which
graph shows the decay curve
of
polonium?
Jisim
asal
polonium
l0
g
dan
setengah
hayatnya
ialah
138
hari.
Graf
manakah
yang
menuniukkan
lengkuk
reputan bagi
polonium?
A Mass
(g)
Jisim
(e)
Mass
(g)
Jisim
(g)
Mass
(g)
Jisim
(g)
Mass
(g)
Jisim
(g)
C
80g
D 72e
C
D
Masa
(hari)
Masa
(hari)
Masa
(hari)
Masa
(hari)
256
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SPM
2011
Question
48
7
The following
equation
represents
beta
decay.
Persamaan
berikut
mewakili
pereputan
beta.
X---------+Y+o,e
Which
of
the
following
is
correct
about
element
Y?
Antara
yang
berikut,
yang manakah
betul
mengenai
unsurY?
Proton
number
Nombor
proton
Nucleon
number
Nombor
nukleon
Increases
by
I
Bertambah
I
Increases
by
1
Bertombah
I
No
change
Tidak
berubah
No
change
Tidak berubah
Increases
by
1
Bertambah
I
No
change
Tidak berubah
No change
Tidak berubah
Increases
by
I
Bertambah
I
SPM
2011
Question
50
8
Which
radioactive
detector
device
is not
suitable
to
detect gamma ray?
Alat
pengesan manakah
yang tidak
sesuai
untuk
mengesan
sinar
gama?
A Spark
counter
Pembilang
bunga
api
B Geiger-Muller
tube
Tiub Geiger-Muller
C
Photographic
film
Filemfotografi
D
Cloud
chamber
Kebuk
qwan
SPM
2012
Question
48
9
Diagram
31
shows
a
cross-sectional
of
a
radiation
badge
worn
by
a
worker
in a
nuclear
power
station.
Rajah
3l
menunjukkan
keratan
rentas
lencana
sinoran
yang
dipakai
oleh
seorang
pekeria dalam
s
t es en
j
an aku
as
a nukl
e
ar
A
C
D
--_
-
Radiation
from surroundings
S
inaran
dari
oersekitaran
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SPM
2013
Question
48
11
25
% of
Gallium-65
atoms
have
decayed
after 15
minutes.
What is
the half-life
of
Gallium-65?
25
%
daripada
atom
Galium-65
telah mereput
selepas
15
minit.
Apakah
separuh
hayat bagi Galium-65?
A
30.0 rninutes
30.0
minit
B
23.4 minutes
23.4
minit
C
15.0
minutes
15.0 minit
D
7.5 minutes
7.5 minit
SPM
2013
Question
49
12
Diagram
27
shows
the
equation
for
the
decaying
of
nucleus
X.
Rajah
27
menunjukkan persamaon
bagi
pereputan
nukleus
X.
226
4
X
---+
^^Ra
+
He
+
Energy
882
"';;':rr|',
What is the
number
of
protons
and
neutrons
for
nucleus
X?
Berapakah bilangan
proton
dan
neutron
dalam
nukleus
X?
Protons
Proton
Neutrons
Neutron
86
t40
86
230
90
t40
90
230
]f,l
The
Uses
of Radioisotopes
SPM 2013
Question
50
13 Tabte
2
shows the
information
of
radioactive
samples
P,
Q,
R
and
S.
Jadual
2
menunjukkan
maklumat
bagi
sampel
radioaktifP,
Q
RdanS.
Radioactive
sample
Sampel
radioaktif
Half-life
Separuh
hayat
Radiation
emission
Pancaran
radiasi
P
30 minutes
30
minit
y
-ray
Sinar-
y
A
B
C
D
258
Radioactive
sample
Sampel
radioaktif
Half-Iife
Separuh
hayat
Radiation
emission
Pancaran
radiasi
a
5
hours
5
jam
B-particles
Zarah-B
R
10
days
l0
hari
B-particles
Zarah-p
S
20 seconds
20
saat
y
-ray
Sinar-
y
Table
2
Jadual2
Which
sample
is
most suitable
to
detect leakage
in
underground
water
pipes?
Sampel
manakah
yang
paling
sesuai
untuk
mengesan
kebocoran
dalam
paip
air
bawah
tanah?
AP
CR
Ba
DS
ftll
Nuctear
Energy
SPM 2OO8
Question
50
14
The
following
equation
shows'the
nuclear
fission
otzllu.
Persamaan
berikut
menunjukkan pembelahan
nukleus
bagi2l:2u.
"rlu
*
6,
--
'llsu
*?Zx,
+
3[n
+
X
What
is
X?
Apakah
X?
A
B
particle
B
particle
B
o
particle
Zarah
a
C Energy
knaga
D y-ray
Sinar
y
SPM 2009
Question
50
L5
A
large amount
of
energy
is
released
when
two
light
nuclei
combine
to
form
a
heavy
nucleus.
What
is
the name
of this
process?
Jumlah
tenaga
yang
besar
dibebaskan
semaso
dua
nukleus ringan
bergabung
membentuk
satu
nukleus yang
berat.
Apakah
nama
proses
ini?
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8/18/2019 SPM ( Chapter 5 )
5/15
A Chain
reaction
Tindak
balas
berantai
B
Nuclear
reaction
Tindak
balas
nuklear
C
Nuclear
fission
Pembelahon
nukleus
D
Nuclear fusion
Pelakuran
nuklear
SPM
2010
Question
48
16
The
process
of combining
two
lighter nuclei
to
form a
heavier
nucleus is
known
as
Proses
menggabungkan
dua
nukleus
yang ringan
untuk
membentuk
satu nukleus
yang lebih
berat
dikenali
sebagai
A
nuclear
fusion
pelakuran nuklear
B
nuclear
fission
pembelahan
nukleus
C chain
reaction
tindak
balas
berantai
SPM
2010
Question
49
17 Diagram
38
shows
the beginning
reaction.
Rajah 38
menuniukkan
permulaan
balas
berantai.
of a
chain
suatu
tindak
N;;;*ffi€
238.,
gzu
'31x.
Diagram 38
Rajah
38
A chain
reaction
takes
place
because
Tindak
balas
berantai
berlaku
kerana
A U
is
highly
radioactive
U
mempunyai
sifat
keradioaktfanyang
tinggi
B the two nuclei
Sr
and
Xe
are
still
radioactive
kedua-dua
nukleus
Sr dan
Xe masih bersifat
radioaktif
C
the
number
of
neutrons
released
is
continuously
multiplying
as
time
increases
bilangan
neutron
berganda
secara
berterusan
dengan
pertambahan
mas
a
D
the energy
released
during
the
nuclear
reaction
is
very
high
tenaga
yang
dibebaskan
semasa
tindak
balas
nuklear adalah
sangat
tinggi
SPM 2010
Question
50
18 When
a sample
of
Radium-226 decays,
the energy
released
is
7.81
X
10-31 J.
What
is
the
mass
defect?
Apabila
satu
sampel
Radium-226
mereput,
tenaga
yang
dibebaskan
ialah 7.81
x
lOrt J.
Berapakah
cacat
jisim?
A 8.68
X
10ao
kg
B
2.60
x
10'21
kg
C 3.84
x
1020
kg
D 1.15
X
102e
kg
SPM
2011
Question
49
19 The
following
equation
represents
a
nuclear
fusion.
]H
+
]H
--+
lHe
+
fn
+
energy
The
mass
defect
from
the
reaction
is 0.018863
u.
What
is the energy
released
in
the
reactlon?
P ers
amaan
b
erikut
mew akili
p
el
akur
an
nukl
eus .
]H
+
]H
-+
lHe
+
fn
+
tenaga
Cacat
jisim
daripada
tindak
balas
itu ialah
0.018863 u.
Berapakah
tenaga
yang
dibebaskan
semasa
tindok
balas
ilu?
[1
u:
1.66
x
10-27
kg; c:3.0
X
108
m s-1]
A
9.39
X
l0-2t
B
2.82
X
10-12
'
c
5.66
x
106
D
1.70
X
101s
SPM
2012
Question
50
20
The following
equation
shows
a decay
process of
rudium-226.
The
mass defect
is
0.005229
u.
Persamoan
berikut
menuniukkan
proses
reputan
bagi
radium-226.
Cacatiisim
ialah
0.005229
u.
'33nu
---->'33nn +
lue
What
is
energy
released?
Berapakah
tenaga
yang
dibebaskanT
[1
u:
1.66
x
10-27
kg; c:3.00
X
108
m
s-']
A 2.60
X
l0-2t J
B 7.81
X
10-t3
J
c
1.57
x
106
J
D
4.77
X
10'4
J
SPM
2014 Question 48
2l
Nuclear fusion
is
P
elakuran
nuklear
adalah
A a loss
of
mass
in nuclear
reaction
kehilangan
jisim
dalam
tindak balas
nuklear
B
a
loss of energy
in nuclear
reaction
kehilangan
tenaga
dalam
tindak
balas
nuklear
259
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8/18/2019 SPM ( Chapter 5 )
6/15
C the
combining
of
two
lighter
nuclei
to form
a
heavier
nucleus
penggabungan
dua nukleus
ringan
untuk
membentuk
satu
nukleus
lebih
berat
D
the
splitting
of
a
heavy
nucleus
into
two
lighter
nuclei
pembelahan
satu
nukleus
berat
kepada
dua
nukleus
lebih
ringan
Gffi
The
lmportance
of
Proper
Management
of
Radioactive Substances
,
SPM
2014
Question
50
22
Which is
correct
about
the
category
of
radioactive
waste?
Manakah
yqng
betul
mengenai
kategori
sisa radioaktif
A
B
C
D
Radioactive
waste
Sisa radioaktif
Half-Iife
Setengah
hayat
Source
Punca
High
level
Aras
tinggi
Long
Panjang
Hospitals,
laboratories
and industries
Hospital,
malcrnal
dan
industri
Low
level
Aras
rendah
Long
Panjang
Used fuel
rods
or liquid
waste
from
fuel
reprocessing
Sisa
rod
bahan
api
atau
sisa
cecair
daripada
pemprosesan
semula
bahan
api
High
level
Aras
tinggi
Short
Pendek
Used
fuel rods
or
liquid
waste
from
fuel
reprocessing
Sisa rod
bahan
api
atau
sisa cecair
daripoda
pemprosesan
semula
bahan
api
Low level
Aras
rendah
Short
'Pendek
Hospitals,
laboratories
and industries
Hospital,
makmal
don industri
260
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7/15
PAPER
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5.1
The
Nucleus of
an
Atom
1
1
5.2
Radioactive
decay
2
4
1
;
)
1
1
5.3
The
Uses
of
Radioisotopes
?
J
2
3
1 1
5.4 Nuclear Energy
1_
4
4
;
5.5
The
lmportance
of Proper
Management
of
Radioactive
Substances
1
4
,,
F 3**
i
Secfi on {, [?,&
ffi
The
Nucteus
of
an
Atom
SPM 2009
Question
1
1
Table
1
shou's the number
of
protons,
the number
of
neutrons
and the nucleon
number
of
three
isotopes
of
h1'drogen.
Jadttal
7 menunjukkan
bilangan
proton,
bilangan
neutron dan nombor
nukleon bagi tiga
isotop
bagi hidrogert.
Table 1
(a)
complete
tn 1*r *'rng
sentence by
ticking
(/)
the correct
word.
Lengkap kan ayat
berikut dengan menandakan
(/)
perkataan
1,ang
betul.
The
charge
of
a
proton
is
Cos
satu proton
ialah
negative
negatif
ll
mark)
ll
markahl
What
is the
meaning of
isotopes?
{pakah
maksud
lotonz
ll
markl
ll
markah)
Based
on Table 1,
state the value
of
Berdasarkan
Jadual
l,
nyatakan
nilai
bagi
(i)
A:
(ii)
x:
12
marksl
12
markahl
SPM
2014
Quesfion
6
2
f)iagram
6.1
shows the nuclide notation
of
an
element.
Rajah
6.1 menunjukkan simbol
nuklid
untuk satu
(b)
(c')
Nucleon number
Nombrtr nukleon
Proton number
Nombor
proton
tx
Diagram
6.1
Rajah
6.1
Symbol of
element
Simhol unsur
261
Isotope of
hydrogen
Isotop bagi
hidrogen
Number
of
protons
Bilangan
proton
Number
of
neutrons
Bilangan
neutron
Nucleon
number
Nombor
nukleon
iH
I
0
1
iH
I
I
A
3H
x
1
)
1
J
positive
L--__l
positif
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8/18/2019 SPM ( Chapter 5 )
8/15
(a)
Table 6.1 shows equations
of
the decay
process
of
radioisotopes
uranium and
radium.
Jadual6.l menunjukkan
persqmaan
untuk
proses
pereputan radioisotop
uranium
dan
radium.
z3frtJ
----+zllrh
+
lHe
+
Energy
I
Tenaga
'ttnu
-+'??n"
+
ltle
+
Energy I Tbnaga
Table
6.1
Jadual6.1
What
is the
meaning
of
radioisotope?
Apakah
yang
dimalcsudkan dengan
radioisotop?
ll
mark)
ll
markah)
By
using
both equations
in
Table
6.1,
calculate the difference of
nucleon number
between:
D
engan
menggunctkan kedu
a- du
a
p
ers
amaan
dalam Jadual
6.1,
hitung
perbezaan
nombor
nukleon
ontara
(i)
Uranium,
U
and
Thorium,
Th.
Uranium, U dan
Thorium, Th.
ll
mark)
.
I
markah]
(ii)
Radium,
Ra
and
Radon, Rn.
.
Radium, Ra
dan
Rodon, Rn.
l1
mark)
ll
markah)
By
using
both
equations
in
Table
6.1,
calculate
the
difference of
proton
number
between:
D
engan
menggun
okan
kedua- du a
p
ers
amaan
dalam
Jadual6.l,
hitung
perbezaan
nombor
proton
antara
(i)
Uranium, U and
Thorium,
Th.
(Jranium,
U dan
Thorium,
Th.
ll
markl
ll
markahl
(ii)
Radium, Ra and Radon, Rn.
Radium,
Ra
dan
Radon,
Rn.
ll
markl
ll
markahl
(b)
(c)
262
@
Based on the
answers
in 6(b)
and
6(c),
complete the sentence
below.
Berdasarkan
jawapan
dalam
6(b)
dan
6(c),
lengkapkan
ayat
di bawah.
When
decay occurs,
the
nucleon
number
decreases by
the
proton
number
decreases
by
Apabila
nombor
berlalcu
pereputan
nukleon
berlrurang
sebanyak
berhtrangombor
proton
sebanyak
I
mark)
ll
markahl
(")
Diagram
6.2
shows
a radioisotop which
emits
alpha
particle.
Rajah
6.2 menunjukkan
satu
radioisotop
yang
mengeluarkan
zarah alfa.
Radioisotope
Radioisotop
l=
*-,--
l=
I
Path
of alpha
Metal
plate
Plat
logam
particle
Lintasan zarah
aAa
Diagram
6.2
Rajah
6.2
(i)
InDiagram 6.2,complete thepath ofthe
alpha
particle
when
it
enters
the region
between
the
two
metal
plates.
Dalam Rajah
6.2, lengHapkan
lintasan
zarah alfa apabila memasuki kawasan
antara dua
plat
logam.
ll
mark)
ll
markahl
(ii)
Give
one reason for
your
answer
in
6(cXi).
Beri
satu sebab
bagi
jawapan
anda
di
6(cXi).
l1
markl
l1
markah)
-
8/18/2019 SPM ( Chapter 5 )
9/15
]f|
Radioactive
Decay
SPM 2010
Quesfion
3
3 Diagram
3 shows
the activity-time graph
of radioisotope
Potassium-42.
This radioisotope
emits
beta
particles
and is
used as
atracer to
measure the
quantity
of
salt
in
human
body.
Raiah
3
menunjukkan
graf
keaktifan-masa
bagi radioisotop
Kalium-42.
Radioisotop
ini
memancarkan
zarah
beta dan
digunakan
sebagai
penyurih
untuk mengukur kandungan
garam dolam
badan manusia.
Activity
(counts
per
second)
Keahifan (Bilangan
per
saat)
Time
(hour)
Masa
(jam)
Diagram
3
Rajah
3
(a)
State
one characteristic
of beta
particles.
Nyatakan
satu
sifat zarah
beta.
lI
markl
ll
markahl
(b)
Based
on Diagram
3,
determine
the half-life
of Potassium-42.
Show on the
graph
how
you
determine
the
half-life
of Potas
si um-42.
Berdasarkan
Rajah
3,
tentukan
separuh
hayat
Kalium-42.
Tunjukkan
pada
graf
bagaimana
anda
menentukan
seporuh
hayat
bagi
Kalium-42.
Half-life
of
Potassium-42:
.........hours
Separuh-hayat
bagi Kalium-42:
.........
jam
l2
marksl
12
markahl
(c)
Based
on
the half-life,
state why
Potassium-42
is
suitable
to
be used as
the tracer.
Berdasarkan
separuh hayat
ittt,
nyatakan
mengapa
Kalium-42
sesuai digunakan
sebagai
penyurih.
ll
mark)
ll
markah)
(d)
Calculate the
time
taken
for radioisotope
Potassium
-42
to reduce to
of its initial
activity.
Hitung
masa
yang
diombil
bagi
radioisotop
Kalium-42
berkurang menjadi
{
daripada
keaktifan.osalnya.
12
marks)
12
markahl
SPM
2011
Question
3
4
Iodine- 13
I
is
a radioisotope
of iodine.
A radioisotope
sample
that
contains
200
g
of
Iodine-131
undergoes
a decay
process.
263
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8/18/2019 SPM ( Chapter 5 )
10/15
The half-life
of
Iodine-131
is
8 days.
Iodin-l3l
adalah satu radioisotop
bagi iodin.
Suatu sampel radioisotop
yang
mengandungi
200
g
lodin-131
mengalami
proses
reputan.
Setengah-hayat lodin-l3l
adalah
t hari.
(r)
What
is the meaning
half-life?
Ap
okah
malrs
ud
s
et
engah-
hay
at ?
ll
mark)
11
markahl
Give
one
reason
why Iodine-l3l
undergoes
a
decay
process.
Beri
satu sebab mengapa lodin-l3l
mengalami
pros
es
p
ereputan.
fi
markl
ll
markah)
(i)
Calculate the
mass
of Iodine-l3l after
32 days.
Hitung
jisim
lodin-131
selepas 32
hari.
12
marksl
12
markahl
(ii)
On
Diagram
3,
sketch a
graph
to
show
the
decay
process
of
Iodine-l
3
l.
Pada Rajah
3,
lakar
graf
untuk
menunj ukkan
pros
es
reputan
lodin-|3
l.
Mass
(g)
Jisim
(g)
200
Time
(days)
Masa
(hari)
Diagram
3
Rajah
3
12
marksl
12
markahl
ftft
The
Uses of Radioisotopes
SPM 2013
Question
4
5
A nuclear
reaction
is
represented
by
the
following
equation:
S
atu t in
d ak
b
al
a s
nukl
e
ar
d
iw akil i o I eh
p
er s am aan
berikut:
j
n
+
Energy
(b)
(c)
'rH
+
lru
+IHe
+
(a)
Based
on the
equation, X is the
nucleon
number
of Helium.
Berdasarkan
persamaan,
X ialah
nombor
nukleon
bagi
Helium.
(i)
What
is
the meaning
of nucleon
number?
Apakah
maksud
nombor
nukleon?
ll
markl
ll
markahl
(ii)
Determine
the
value of
X.
Tentukan
nilai
X.
ll
markl
ll
markahl
(b)
State
the
type of
the nuclear reaction.
Nyatakan
jenis
tindak
balas
nukleor
itu.
ll
marlcl
lI
markahl
(c)
The
nuclear
reaction releases a large
amount
of energy due to mass
defect.
Table 4
shows the
mass
of each
nuclide
stated
in
atomic
mass
unit,
u.
Tindak
b
alas
nuklear- ters ebut memb
ebas
kan
jumlah
tenaga
yang
besar
disebabkon
oleh
cacat
jisim
Jadual
4
menunjukkan
jisim
setiap nuklid
dalam unit
jisim
atom,
v.
Table 4
Jadual 4
Calculate
the
mass
defect
Hitung cacat
jisim
12
marksl
12
markahl
Calculate the energy released
Hitung
tenaga
yang
dibebaskan
12
marks)
12
markahf
(i)
Nuclide
Nuklid
Atomic
Mass
Unit
(u)
Unit
Jisim
Atom
?H
2.0r4T0
1H.
3.01603
jn
1.00867
lu:
1 .66
x
10ai
kg,
speedoflight
:
3
x
108ms-r
kelajuan
cahaya
264
(ii)
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8/18/2019 SPM ( Chapter 5 )
11/15
ffi
Nuclear Energy
SPM 2012
Question
3
6
The
equation
below represents
a
radioactive
decay
which
occurs spontaneously.
Persamaan
di
bawah mewakili
satu
reputan
radioaktif
yarug
berlaku
s
ecara spontan.
'3[nu
------>
'33n"
+;He
(o)
Name the
type
of the
radiation
decay.
l{amakan
jenis
reputon
radioaktif
itu.
ll
markl
l1
markahl
(b)
Why does
the radioactive decay occur?
Mengapakah reputan radioaktif
tersebut
berlaku?
ll
marlcl
ll
markahl
(r)
Table
3 shows
the atomic mass
unit
(u)
of
three elements.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan unit
jisim
atom
(u)
bagi tiga elemen.
Element
Elemen
Atomic Mass
Unit
(u)
Unit Jisim
Atom (u)
Radium
'33Ru
226.025
Radon
2??Rn
E6
222.018
Helium
1H.
4.003
Additional
Information
:
Maklumat
Tambahan:
I u:1.66
x
10-27kg
Table 3
Jadual
3
(i)
Determine
the mass
defect
in
kg.
Tbntukan
cacat
jisim
dalamkg.
12
marksl
l2
markahl
(ii)
Calculate
the
energy
released form
radioactive decay.
Hitung
tenaga
yang
terbebas daripada
reputan radioaktif.
12
marksl
12
markahl
o
,M
r
Section
wBi&
wb,ffiy
w
ffi
The
Uses of
Radioisotopes
SPM 2009
Question
10
7
Diagram
l0.l
and Diagram 10.2
show the
rate
of
decay of radioactive Xenon-133
and Iodine-131.
Rajah
l0.l
dan Rajah 10.2 masing-masing
menunjukkan kadar
penyusutan
radioaktif
Xenon-133
dan
lodin-131.
Activity
(counts
per
minute)
Aktiviti
(bilangan
per
minit)
000
I
I
20
50
Time
(minute)
Masa
(minit)
Diagram
10.1
Rajah
l0.l
Activity
(counts
per
minute)
Aktiviti
(bilangan
per
minit)
2
000
1
500
1
000
500
0
(a)
Wffi
(i)
I 16 24
32
Time (minute)
Masa
(minit)
Diagram 10.2
Rajah 10.2
What is the meaning of radioactive
decay?
Ap
akah maks
u d
p
enyus ut an
r
adio
akt ifr
l1
marlcl
ll
markahl
Based
on
Diagram
10.1
and
Diagram
10.2,
compare
the
shape
of
the
graphs,
the
way
the
activity changes
with time
and
the
time
taken
for the
activity
to
become half
of
the
original
activity.
265
(ii)
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8/18/2019 SPM ( Chapter 5 )
12/15
Name
the time
for the
activity
to
become
half
of
the
original
activity.
Berdasarkan
Rajah I0.l
dan
Rajah
10.2,
bandingkan
bentuk
graf,
cara aktiviti
berubah
mengikut
masa dan
masayang
diambil
untuk
aktiviti
menjadi
separuh
daripada
aktiviti
asal.
Namakan
masa untuk aktiviti
menjadi
separuh
daripada aktiviti asal.
15
marksl
15
markah)
(b)
Why
is an
isotope that
emits
alpha
particles
@
not
suitable
for use
as
atracer
in medicine?
Mengapakah
isotop
yang
memancarkan
zarah
alfa
tidak
sesuai digunakan
sebagai
penyurih
dalam
bidang
perubatan?
14
marksl
14
markahl
(r)
Radiotherapy
is
used
in the treatment
of
]f,|
cancer.
The
radioactive ray used can
cause
side
effects
to the
patient.
Using
the
knowledge
about
radioactivity,
explain
the steps
taken
to
reduce the side
effects.
In
your
explanation,
emphasize the
aspects of:
Radioterapi
digunakan untuk
merawat
kanser Sinoran
radioaktif
yang
digunakan
boleh
menghasilkan
kesan
sampingan
kepada
pesakit.
Menggunakan
pengetahuan
tentang
keradioaktifan,
terangkan
langkah-langkah
yang
perlu
diambil
untuk
mengurangkan
kesan sampingan
tersebut.
Dalam
penerongqn
anda,
berikan
penekanan
kepada
aspek-aspek
berikut
:
(i)
The type of
ray
used.
Jenis
sinaran
yang
digunakan.
(ii)
How
the
radioactive
radiation
is targeted
on the
cancer cells.
Bagaimana
pancaron radioaktif
disasarkan
ke atas sel kanser.
(iii)
The
dosage
of
the
ray
required.
Dos sinaran
yang
diperlukan.
(iv)
The time
of
the
ray
exposure.
Maso
pendedahan
kepada sinar
ll0
marks)
ll0
morkahl
266
ffi
tmportance of Proper
Management of
Rad ioactive Substances
SPM 2008
Question
10
8 Diagram 10.1 and
Diagram 10.2 show
the
deflection
of
a
radioactive emission
in
an electric
field.
Rajah 10.1 dan
Rajah
10.2 menunjukkan
pesongan
sotu
pancaran
radioaktif di dalam
suatu medan
elektrik.
Radioactive
emission
Pancaran
radioaktif
Plat
logam
Diagram
10.1
Rajah
l0.l
Radioactive emission
Pancaran
radioaktif
EHT
VLT
s000v
Plat logam
Diagram 10.2
Rajah
10.2
(a)
What
is the meaning of
radioactivity?
@
Apakah maksud keradioaktrfrn?
ll
marlc\
ll
markahl
(b)
Using
Diagram
10.1
and
Diagram
10.2,
@
Menggunakan
Rajah
lO.l
dan
Rajah
10.2,
(i)
state
the
charge of
the
radioactive
emission,
nyatakan
cas
poncaran
radioaktif
itu,
ll
mark)
lI
markahl
(ii)
compare
the voltage of
the EHT and the
deflection of
the
radioactive emission.
bandingkan
voltan
VLT dengan
p
e s
on
gan
p
an c ar
an r
adi o
aktif.
12
marksl
12
markahl
Radioactive
source
if
umber
radioakt
Jr
Radioactive
source
Sumber
radioaktif
J
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8/18/2019 SPM ( Chapter 5 )
13/15
(c)
State
the relationship
between
g
Nyatakan
hubungan
antara
(i)
the voltage
of the
EHT and
the strength
of
the electric
fleld between
the
plates,
voltan YW
dengan
kekuatan
medan
elektrik
di
antara
plat,
ll
markl
ll
markah)
(ii)
the strength
of the electric
field between
the
plated
and
the deflection
of
the
radioactive
emission.
kekuatan
medan
elektrik
di antara
plat
d
en
g
an
p
e s
ongon
p
anc
ar
an r
adi
o akt
if.
ll
mark)
ll
markahl
(d)
Diagram
10.3
showS
a
type
of
nuclear
ftf
reaction.
Rajah
10.3 menunjukkan
seienis
tindak
balas
nuklear
l7
(((,rDa
1
0n
+
"ot@r'
t.
mCI*
h
ftmr
Y\
\on
235y
92
Diagram
10.3
Rajah
10.3
(i)
Name
this type of
nuclear
reaction.
Namakan
jenis
tindak
balas
nuklear
ini.
ll
markl
ll
markah)
(ii)
Explain
how nuclear
energy
is
produced
from the
nuclear
reaction
in
Diagram
10.3.
krangkan
bagaimana
tenaga
nuklear
dihasilkan
daripada
tindak
balas
nuklear
seperti
dituniukkan
dalam
Rajah
10.3.
ll
markl
ll
markahl
(e)
Diagram
10.4
shows
how a
radioactive
Gm
source is
handled by
a
student.
Rajah
10.4
menunjukkan
bagaimana
sumber
radioaktif
dikendalikan
oleh
seorang
murid.
ffi
t
ffi
Diagram
10.4
Rajah
10.4
The
method
shown
is
not safe. Suggest
and
explain:
Kaedah
yang
ditunjukkon
adalah
tidak
selamat.
Cadang
dan
terangkan:
(D
The
equipment
to
be used
in handling
a
radioactive
source.
Peralatan
yang
digunakan
dalam
m
en
g
en d
al ikan
s
umb er
r adi o akt
if.
12
marks)
12
markahl
(iD
Modilcations
to the
storing
method
to
ensure
safe
keeping
of
the
radioactive
source.
Pengubahsuaian
cara
penyimpanan
untuk
memas
t
ikan
p
eny
imp anan
s
umb er
radioaktif
adalah
s
elamat.
12
marksl
12
markah)
(iii)
Other
precautions
that
need
to be
taken
when
handling a
radioactive
source.
Langkah berjaga-jaga
lain
yang
perlu
diambil
semosa
mengendalikan
sumber
radioaktif,
12
marksl
12
markahl
i
Section
1....._....................._.............
.......-.,....,.,,..,..
f |
Nuclear
Energy
SPM
2011
Question
12
9
(o)
Diagram
l2.l shows
two
type
of
tracks
j[
formed
in
a cloud
chamber.
The tracks
are
formed due
to the
radiation
from
radioisotope.
Rajah l2.l
menuniukkan
dua
jenis
runut
yang
terbentuk
dalam
kebuk
awan.
Runut-
runut
itu
terbentuk
disebabkan
sinaran
daripada
radioisotop.
267
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8/18/2019 SPM ( Chapter 5 )
14/15
Diagram
12.1
Rajah l2.l
(i)
What
is the meaning
of
radioisotope?
Ap akah malrs ud
radio is o
t op ?
ll
markl
l1
markahl
(ii)
Name
the
radiation
that causes the
tracks in cloud chamber
M and cloud
chamber
N.
Namakan sinaran
yang
menyebabkan
runut-runut
dalam
kebuk awan
M dan
kebuk awanN.
12
marlcsl
12
markahl
(iii)
Explain
the answer
in 12(a)(ii).
Tbrangkan
jawapan
di
l2(a)(i1).
12
marksl
12
markahl
M
(b)
Radioisotope
is
used
as a tracer to determine
to
determine
the rate of absorption
of
fertilisers by
plants.
@
You are
required
to
investigate the characteristics
of
radioisotope as shown
in Table 12.
Radioisotop digunakan
sebagai
penyurih untuk
menentukan
kadar
penyerapan baja oleh
tumbuhan.
Anda dikehendaki untuk
menyisasat
ciri-ciri
radioisotop
seperti
ditunjukkan
dalam
Jadual
12.
Radioisotope
Radioisotop
State
of
matter
Keadaan
jirim
Half-life of
radioisotope
Setengah-hayat
radioisotop
TYpe
of
ray
Jenis sinaran
Type
of
detector
,fenis
pengesan
W
Solid
Pepejal
5
minutes
5 minit
Gamma
Gama
Spark counter
Pembilang
bunga api
x
Liquid
Cecair
2
years
2 tahun
Beta
Beta
Spark
counter
Pembilang
bunga
api
Y
Liquid
Cecair
14 days
14
hari
Beta
Beta
G-M
tube
Tiub G-M
Z
Solid
Pepejal
20 years
20
tahun
Gamma
Gama
G-M
tube
Tiub G-M
Table
12
;
Jadual
12
Explain
the suitability of each
characterisitic
of
the
radioisotope to be used
as a
tracer.
Determine
the most suitable
radioisotope
that can be
used to
detect the
rate
of
absorption
of
fertilisers by
plants.
Give
reasons for
your
choice.
Terangkan
kesesuaian
setiap ciri
radioisotop untuk
digunakan sebagai
penyurih.
Tbntukan
radioisotop
yang paling
sesuai
yang
boleh
digunakan
untuk mengesan
kadar
penyerapan
baia
oleh
tumbuhan.
Beri sebab-sebab
untuk
pilihan
anda.
]A
marksl
lI0
markahl
268
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8/18/2019 SPM ( Chapter 5 )
15/15
(c)
A
nuclear
reaction is
represenled
by
the
ftfi
foilowing
equation:
Satu tindok
balas nuklear
diwakili
oleh
'
persamaan
berikut:
"rlv
*
lo
*
'tlsu*?|rr+
rln
+ Energy
"rtrv
*
|r
--
'lLsu*ZZIk+
3[n
+
Tenaga
Mass
of
Jisim bagi:
"nlu
:
235.04392
u
'llsu
:
t4o.9t44t
u
3?rr
:
et.e26t u
l,
:
1.00867
u
1u
:1.56
x
10a7kg
Based
on
the
equation, calculate
Berdasarkan
persamaan
itu,
hitung
(i)
the
mass
defect,
12
marlcsl
cacat
jisim,
12
markah)
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