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Splash Screen
Chapter Intro 2
Section 1: Development of Political Parties
Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals. The United States has had a two-party system since its early days as a nation.
Chapter Intro 2
Section 2: Role of Political Parties Today
Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals. Political parties play a large role in the decisions made by government.
Chapter Preview-End
Section 1-Main Idea
Guide to Reading
Big Idea
Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals.
Section 1
Political Parties
Political parties play a vital role in our democratic system.
Section 1
Political Parties (cont.)
• Political parties form to win elections and influence government.
• Historically, the United States has been dominated by a two-party system.
• Washington’s warning against forming political parties
Section 1
Political Parties (cont.)
• Jefferson and Hamilton’s differing viewpoints:
– Jefferson supported limited federal government
– Hamilton believed individual rights called for a strong national government
Section 1
• Jefferson and the Democratic-Republican Party opposing Hamilton and the Federalist Party, early 1800's
• Democratic-Republican Party split by 1828
• Democratic Party then competing with the Whig Party
Political Parties (cont.)
Evolution of American Political Parties
Section 1
• Formation of the Republican Party, 1854
• Abraham Lincoln is first Republican president
Political Parties (cont.)
Evolution of American Political Parties
Section 1
Third Parties
Throughout American history, additional parties have arisen to influence politics.
Section 1
Third Parties (cont.)
• Third parties have competed in the nation’s two-party system.
• Populist Party called for direct election of senators and eight-hour working day
Leading Third-Party PresidentialCandidates, 1948–2004
Section 1
• Progressive Party ideas:
– The direct primary
– The initiative
– The referendum
Third Parties (cont.)
Leading Third-Party PresidentialCandidates, 1948–2004
Section 1
• Single-Issue parties:
– Promote a social, economic, or moral issue
– Prohibitionist Party formed to ban alcohol
– Usually do not last long
Third Parties (cont.)
Leading Third-Party PresidentialCandidates, 1948–2004
Section 1
Third Parties (cont.)
• Ideological parties:
– Support a set of beliefs or political doctrine
– Socialist Labor Party, Communist Party USA, and the Libertarian Party as examples
Leading Third-Party PresidentialCandidates, 1948–2004
Section 1
• Third parties forming around independent candidates
• Two-party tradition and raising money as obstacles to third parties
Third Parties (cont.)
Leading Third-Party PresidentialCandidates, 1948–2004
Section 1
• Political parties in other countries
• Multiparty system:
Third Parties (cont.)
– Three or more parties compete for control of government
– Parties often must work together
– Politically unstable because of competing interests
Section 1
• One-party system
– Party and government nearly the same thing
– Elections as empty exercise
Third Parties (cont.)
Section 1
How the Parties Differ
Political parties play a large role in the decisions made by government.
Section 1
How the Parties Differ (cont.)
• Republicans and Democrats largely differ on the way that government should be involved in the lives of Americans.
• Adoption of moderate and mainstream positions
• Party platform made up of planks
Section 1-End
Section 2-Main Idea
Guide to Reading
Big Idea
Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals.
Section 2
Organization of Political Parties
Democrats and Republicans are organized into 50 state parties and thousands of local parties that operate independently of the national organization.
Section 2
Organization of Political Parties (cont.)
• The two major parties are organized at the local, state, and national levels.
Organization of Political Parties
Section 2
Organization of Political Parties (cont.)
• The national committee of each party:
– Made of representatives from every state
– Raises funds for presidential elections
– Organizes the party’s national convention
– Run by a national party chairperson
Organization of Political Parties
Section 2
• National Convention:
– Held once every four years
– Party delegates nominate candidates for president and vice president
Organization of Political Parties (cont.)
Organization of Political Parties
Section 2
• Party delegates:
– Chosen through presidential primary elections and caucuses
– Write the party platform
Organization of Political Parties (cont.)
Organization of Political Parties
Section 2
• Campaign committees:
– Made of members of Congress
– Help elect party members and raise money
Organization of Political Parties (cont.)
Organization of Political Parties
Section 2
• State organizations of a party:
– Focus on electing party candidates to state offices
– Work to elect party candidates for national offices
Organization of Political Parties (cont.)
• Local organizations of a party consisting of city, town, and county committees
Organization of Political Parties
Section 2
• Precinct:
Organization of Political Parties (cont.)
– Geographic area containing a specific number of voters
– Voters cast ballots at the same place
– Run by precinct captains
– Several geographically-connected precincts make up a ward
Organization of Political Parties
Section 2
Organization of Political Parties (cont.)
• County committees:
– Counties are the largest political units within a state
– County chairperson has political power
– Precinct and ward leaders building the party at the “grassroots” level
Organization of Political Parties
Section 2
• Political machines:
– Strong local party organizations
– New York City’s Tammany Hall and “Boss” Tweed
– Political machines serving useful purpose in the past
– Political machines considered harmful today
Organization of Political Parties (cont.)
Organization of Political Parties
Section 2
Nominating Candidates
Political parties nominate candidates to run for public office.
Section 2
Nominating Candidates (cont.)
• Political parties hold primaries to nominate candidates for office
• Direct primary:
– Voters chose candidates to represent each party in a general election
– Two main forms are closed and open primaries
Section 2
• Only declared members of a party allowed to vote for party’s nominee in a closed primary
• Voters need not declare their party preference to vote for party’s nominee in an open primary
• Arguments for and against the closed primary
Nominating Candidates (cont.)
Section 2
Nominating Candidates (cont.)
• Winning a primary:
– Plurality of votes
– Majority of votes
– Winner becomes party candidate in the general election
• Unaffiliated candidates added to ballots by petition
Section 2
Other Party Roles
In addition to nominating candidates for office, political parties have many other responsibilities.
Section 2
Other Party Roles (cont.)
• Political parties perform many functions that allow citizens to communicate with the government.
Section 2
• Functions of political parties:
Other Party Roles (cont.)
– Campaigning for candidates
– Informing citizens
– Carrying the people’s message
– Operating the government
– Acting as a watchdog
– Linking the different levels of government
Section 2-End
VS 1
What Is a Political Party?
• A political party is a group of individuals outside of government that organizes to win elections, to operate the government, and to determine policy.
VS 2
Political Parties Form
• Shortly after our nation began, two political parties formed.
• The basic difference between the two parties today is their beliefs in how much the government should be involved in Americans’ lives.
• In the United States, we have a two-party system, which means that two major parties—the Democrats and the Republicans—dominate national politics.
VS 3
Organization
• Each party has a national committee and congressional campaign committees. Each party also has 50 state committees and many local party organizations.
• In the past, some local party organizations became so powerful that their candidates won almost every election. These were known as political machines.
VS 4
What Political Parties Do
• Select candidates
• Inform the public
• Coordinate policy making
• Balance competing interests
• Run campaigns
VS 5
Comparing Parties
• One way to compare political parties is to study their party platforms, which are declarations of each party’s beliefs and positions on major issues.
• The platform is made of planks, which are the party’s official positions on specific issues such as education, crime, and foreign policy.
VS-End
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
TIME Trans
DFS Trans 1
a democrat
DFS Trans 2
Vocab1
political party
an association of voters with broad common interests who want to influence or control decision making in government by electing the party’s candidates to public office
Vocab2
two-party system
a system of government in which two parties compete for power
Vocab3
third party
a party that challenges the two major parties
Vocab4
platform
a series of statements expressing the party’s principles, beliefs, and positions on election issues
Vocab5
plank
each individual part of a political party’s platform
Vocab6
stress
to place special importance or emphasis on something
Vocab7
promote
to encourage the acceptance or recognition of
Vocab8
national committee
representatives from the 50 state party organizations who run a political party
Vocab9
caucus
a meeting of political party members to conduct party business
Vocab10
precinct
a geographic area that contains a specific number of voters
Vocab11
ward
several adjoining precincts making up a larger election unit
Vocab12
political machine
a strong party organization that can control political appointments and deliver votes
Vocab13
direct primary
an election in which voters choose candidates to represent each party in a general election
Vocab14
closed primary
an election in which only the declared members of a party are allowed to vote for that party’s nominees
Vocab15
open primary
an election in which voters need not declare their party preference to vote for the party’s nominees
Vocab16
plurality
the most votes among all those running for a political office
Vocab17
majority
a number that is more than 50 percent of the total
Vocab18
petition
a formal request for governmental action; a process by which candidates who are not affiliated with one of the two major parties can get on the ballot for the general election in most states
Vocab19
range
a variation between limits
Vocab20
adjacent
neighboring or near
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