spirochetes and misc bacteria
DESCRIPTION
Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria. Slackers Facts by Mike Ori. Disclaimer. The information represents my understanding only so errors and omissions are probably rampant. It has not been vetted or reviewed by faculty. The source is our class notes. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria
Slackers Facts by Mike Ori
Disclaimer
The information represents my understanding only so errors and omissions are probably rampant. It has not been vetted or reviewed by faculty. The source is our class notes.
The document can mostly be used forward and backward. I tried to mark questionable stuff with (?).
If you want it to look pretty, steal some crayons and go to town.
Finally…
If you’re a gunner, buck up and do your own work.
Describe the morphology and size of a spirochete
Spirochetes are long but very narrow spiral shaped bacterial with internal flagella that
course down the side of the bacterium essentially between the inner and outer
membrane,
Name the spirochete visualization technique
Usually best visualized with dark-field microscopy. Antibody staining can also be
used.
Name three medically important spirochete species
TreponemaLeptospira
Borrelia
What disease is associated with treponema
Syphilis
What diseases are associated with Borrelia
Recurring feversLyme disease
What disease is associated with Leptospira
Leptospirosis
Name the stages of syphilis
PrimarySecondary
(Latent)Tertiary
Primary syphilis time frame
3 week incubation
Primary syphilis sx
Chancre at site of infection
Secondary syphilis time frame
Develops 2-8 weeks after chancre formation. Lasts days to weeks.
Secondary syphilis sx
Macular papular rash over body surface including soles and palms.
Latent syphilis sx
Essentially none. Low infectivity.May revert to secondary syphilis with high
infectivity.
Tertiary syphilis time frame
Typically develops in 15-20 years
Tertiary syphilis affected systems
NeurosyphilisCardiavascular syphilis
Neurosyphilis sx
Chronic meningitisBrain degeneration
Psychosis
Cardiavascular syphilis sx
Ascending and transverse aortic dilation due to endarteritis of the vasa vasorum
Congenital syphilis timeframe
Active infection after the 4th month
Congenital syphilis sx
Macular papular rash similar to secondary syphilis in adults
Bone changes (saddle nose, saber shins)
Anemia, thrombocytopenia, liver failure
Syphilis tests
VDRL – non-treponemalFluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA)
Describe VDRL sensitivity and specificity
Sensitive but not specific as a number of other situations can increase cardiolipin antibody
levels that form the basis of the test. Always confirm positive results.
Syphilis rule of thirds
1/3 secondary1/3 latent
1/3 chronic (~3% of original?)
Borrelia staining
Stains well with Geimsa or Wright stains
Borrelia recurrentis and hermsii disease characteristics
Up to four cycles of fever that are separated by a few days and that each last about a week.
Borrelia relapse basis
Limited antigenic variation allows immune escape
Relapsing fever vectors
Ticks and lice
Relapsing fever severity
Tick borne fatality rareLouse borne fatality more common
General lice infection mechanism
Infected lice are crushed and then their introduced into a superficial wound.
Lice must move between hosts.
Etiologic agent: Bulls eye rash, arthritis, myalgia, myocarditis, meningoencephalitis
Borrelia burgdorferi
Borrelia burgdorferi cause disease common name
Lyme disease
Lyme disease lifecycle
Ixodes ticks feed on small animals and deer. Humans are incidental hosts.
Lyme disease time course
Erythema migrans (bulls eye rash) within first month
Secondary progression to debilitating arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and nervous system
involvement that can develop immediately or that may be delayed for years.
Lyme disease epidemiology
Outdoor people in the mid-atlantic and new england states
Leptospirosis vector
Rodents, cattle, dogs urine contaminated water
Leptospirosis sx
Flu-like with meningitis
Etiology: Large inflamed inguinal or axillary lymph node that is very painful that occurs
after a visit to the four corners area
Yersinia pestis
Describe pneumonic plaque
Pneumonic involvement of Y. pestis that causes necrotizing hemorrhagic pneumonia with a
fatality > 90%
Describe the potential for person to person spread of Y. pestis
Pneumonic involvement is highly contagious.
Yersinia pestis virulence factors
F1 capsular antigen expressed at 37CV and W antigens are antiphagocyticIntracellular survival in macrophage
Outer membrane proteins
Tularemia sx
Similar to plague
Brucella sx
Recurrent bacteremia with fever.Infects reticuloendothelial system
Brucellosis epidemiology
Occupational contact with infected animals (farmers, vets, kinky fetishers)
Unpasteurized dairy products