INVERTEBRATE ANIMALSSpineless creatures

WARM UP JAN. 27 • What are two types of mollusk? • Give an example of a gastropod. • Give an example of a cephlapod.

WARM UP Give 2 characteristics of a sponge. Two characteristics of a Cnidarian. A characteristic of all invertebrate.

WARM UP JAN. 31 What does millipede mean? Give me an example of each:

Echonoderm, Gastropod, Arthropod, Flat worm

WARM UP JAN. 22 What are two examples of

invertebrates? What does invertebrate mean? Where can invertebrates be found?

WARM UP What are three examples of Arachnids? What are two characteristics? What is a decapod?

WARM UP Describe what happened to the zinc

oxide when filtered. What happened to the copper sulfate

when filtered? Why did this happen?

WARM UP What is an invertebrate? Give an example of one. Where can they be found?

VOCABULARY Invertebrate Asymmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry Cnidarians Sponges

Bell Work What are two simple machines

that fall under the lever category?

What is the IMA of a wheel with a diameter of 30 cm fixed to an axle with a diameter of 4 cm?

Your input work on a lawn mower is 125,000 J. The output work is 90,000. What is the efficiency of the lawn mower?

MOST ANIMALS ARE INVERTEBRATES Review: Animals are multicellullar, heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms.

INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS:Have no backbonesFound just about everywhereVariable in size

Invertebrate Animals

SpongesCnidariansWormsMollusksEchinodermsArthropods

SYMMETRYAsymmetry [Gk. a = “no, without” + L similis = “similar”] (def) body plan with an irregular form; no symmetry.

Radial symmetry[L. radius = “ ray”] (def)organized in a circular fashion like the spokes of a wheel.

Bilateral symmetry[L bi= “two” + lateris = “side”] (def) one side looks similar to the other. They are almost mirror images.

PHYLUM PORIFERA (Sponges) Multicellular

(NO TISSUES) Spicules &

spongin Sessile as adults Freeswimming

larvae Filter feeders Regeneration

o Reproduce sexually

or asexuallyo Asymmetricalo Marine or aquatic

PHYLUM CNIDARIA (Cnidarians) 2 Tissue layers Radial symmetry 2 forms – polyp &

medusa Tentacles with

nematocysts (sting cells)

Reproduce sexually & asexually

3 Classes

Corals & sea anemone

Hydra

Jellyfish

WARM UP JAN. 24 What are the three types of worms? What does pseudo mean? Give two examples of a segmented

worm.

WORMS

Flatworms

Roundworms

Segmented worms

PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES Flatworms Acoelomate (no

body cavity) Organ level Some freeliving;

others parasites Sexual & asexual

reproduction Bilateral

symmetry

Class Turbellaria [planarian]

Class Trematoda [flukes]

Class Cestoda [tapeworms]

PHYLUM NEMATODA Roundworms Pseudocoelomat

e Organ system

level Some predators,

some scavengers, some parasites

Sexual reproduction Bilateral

symmetry

Ascaris Trichinella Filarial worms

PHYLUM ANNELIDA Segmented

worms Eucoelomate Organ system

level Body divided

into segments Closed

circulatory system

Sexual reproduction Bilateral

symmetry

Class Polychaeta

Class Oligochaeta

Class Hirudinea

PHYLUM MOLLUSCA Mollusks 2nd largest

phylum Bilateral

symmetry 3 classes 3 part body plan

Muscular footMantleVisceral mass

Class Gastropoda

Class Bivalvia

Class Cephalopoda

CLASS BIVALVIA

-[L. bi – “two”] - Has 2 shells, secreted by mantle-Large visceral mass w/in shells-No cephalization [Gk. cephalo = “head”]e.g. clams, oysters, scallops

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CLASS GASTROPODA[Gk gastro = “stomach” + poda = “foot”] Single shell over visceral mass Cephalization Muscular foot Eyes on retractable stalkse.g. snails, conches, welks, slugs

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CLASS CEPHALOPODA[Gk cephalo = “head” + poda = “foot”]Muscular foot modified into tentacles &/or armsCephalization Funnel e.g. squid, octopus, chambered nautilis

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PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA [Gk echinos =

“spiny” + derma = “skin”]

Eucoelomate Deuterostome Water-vascular

system Radial symmetry Predators AUTONOMY &

REGENERATION

PHYLUM ARTHROPODA LARGEST PHYLUM Jointed appendages Chitinous exoskeleton Specialized sense

organs ¾ of all animals 3 Subphyla:

ChelicerataCrustaceaUniramia

SUBPHYLUM UNIRAMIA Class

Chilopoda“centipedes”

Class Diplopoda“millipedes”

Class Hexapoda or Insecta“insects”

SC. Diplopoda [Gk diplo = “two” +

poda = “feet”] 2 pairs of legs per body

segment Common name –

millipede

[ L. “1000 legged”] Detritivores Coil when threatened VERY SLOW MOVING

CLASS MYRIAPODA SC. Chilopoda [Gk chilo = “lip” +

poda = “feet”] 1 pair of legs per body

segment Common name –

centipede

[L “100 legged”]

Predators

FAST MOVING

CLASS INSECTA3 body segmentsCompound eyes 1 pair of antennae 3 pairs of legs 2 pairs of wings Lighter exoskeleton

Abdomen

ThoraxHead

Segmented Insect Body

METAMORPHOSIS IN INSECTS(def) a distinctive change in body structure… Ametamorphosis (ametabolus development)

egg juvenile adult e.g. silverfish Incomplete metamorphosis (hemimetabolus development) Egg naiad adult

e.g. dragonfly; damselfly, mayfly Gradual metamorphosis (paurometabolus

development) Egg nymph adult e.g. grasshopper, bugs

Complete metamorphosis (holometabolus development)

egg larva pupa adult e.g true flies, beetles, …

WHY ARE INSECTS SO SUCCESSFUL?

Small animals (they can hide)

Wings Tremendous reproductive

powers Many have an effective means of defense

The secrets of my success!

WARM UP FEB. 5

What are two types of metamorphisis?

What are two reasons why insects are successful?

Two characteristics of insects.

CRUSTACEA Calcified exoskeleton Biramous appendages e.g. crayfish

lobstercrabshrimppillbug a.k.a. roly-poly

BARNACLES Crustaceans with thick, heavy shells Gooseneck barnacles attached by a

stalk Acorn barnacle attach directly by the

shell Free-swimming larvae Swimming appendages become

cirri (feathery structures used to filter feed) during

metamorphosis to adult.

WARM UP FEB. 6 What are two examples of decapods? What is a characteristic of crustacean? Give an example of a barnacle.

DECAPODS[Gk. Deca = “10” + podos = “feet”]

5 pairs of walking legs on thorax 1st pair may be modified into a claw Thorax also has gills above each leg Swimmerets on abdomen Heart pumps hemolymph with blue

pigment hemocyanin. e.g. shrimp, crab, lobster, crayfish,

pillbug, krill, copepod

Gk. chele = “claw”1st appendage = chelicerae (pincer-like feeding organs)4 pairs walking legsAll appendages attached to cephalothorax

CHELICERATA

ARACHNIDA

Scorpions Oldest terrestrial arthropod Pedipalps – large pincers Long abdomen ending in a stinger with venom

Ticks & Mites Often parasites Fused cephalothorax & abdomen (one piece)

ARACHNIDANarrow waist separating cephalothorax

& abdomen 8 simple eyes 4 pairs of walking legs Chelicerae modified as fangs with

poison glands Silk glands & spinnerets – web, egg case… Book lungs e.g. SpidersNB – Beware – brown recluse, black widow, brown widow

Spiders

ARTHROPOD SUCCESS: Exoskeleton

Advantages: Protection Muscle attachment Locomotion Prevention of desiccationDisadvantage: Must molt to grow

Segmentation Allows for specialization of

head, thoracic & abdominal regions

WARM UP FEB. 7 Two examples of

arachnids. Two

characteristics of arachnids.

WARM UP FEB. 10 Two reasons why arthropods are

successful Give three examples of invertebrates. What is one characteristic of

arachnids?

WARM UP FEB. 11 What is an example of porifera? What does acoelmate mean? What invert has the most complex

brain?

ARTHROPOD SUCCESS (CONTINUED): Well developed nervous system

Ventral nerve cord & specialized sense organs

A variety of respiratory organs Gills in marine & aquatic species Terrestrial species vary:

Tracheae – air tubes & Spiracles – openings in the body wall

(spiders & insects)Book lungs (spiders)

Occurrence of metamorphosis Allows them to adapt to different habitats

& food

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