49

Historia naturalis bulgarica, 21: 49-168, 2015

IntroductionBulgarian Black Sea fauna has been studied

for more than 100 years (Chichkoff 1907, 1908, 1912, 1924). A vast material of faunistic data, con-cerning Bulgarian Black Sea has been accumulated. During the last 50 years, the coast is under a drastic

anthropogenic impact and large landscape changes. Considerable changes in the Black Sea cenoses are caused by some invasive species, introduced in the last 100 years (Cvetkov & Marinov, 1986; Konsulov, 1998; Gomoiu et al., 2002). The dynamic natures of

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata)

from the Bulgarian sector of the Black Sea and the coastal brackish basins

Zdravko Hubenov

Abstract: A total of 19 types, 39 classes, 123 orders, 470 families and 1537 species are known from the Bulgarian Black Sea. They include 1054 species (68.6%) of marine and marine-brackish forms and 508 species (33.0%) of freshwater-brackish, freshwater and terrestrial forms, connected with water. Five types (Nematoda, Rotifera, Annelida, Arthropoda and Mollusca) have a high species richness (over 100 species). Of these, the richest in species are Arthropoda (802 species – 52.2%), Annelida (173 species – 11.2%) and Mollusca (152 species – 9.9%). The remaining 14 types include from 1 to 38 species. There are some well-studied regions (over 200 species recorded): first, the vicinity of Varna (601 spe-cies), where investigations continue for more than 100 years. The aquatory of the towns Nesebar, Pomorie, Burgas and Sozopol (220 to 274 species) and the region of Cape Kaliakra (230 species) are well-studied. Of the coastal basins most studied are the lakes Durankulak, Ezerets-Shabla, Beloslav, Varna, Pomorie, Atanasovsko, Burgas, Mandra and the firth of Ropotamo River (up to 100 species known). The vertical distribution has been analyzed for 800 species (75.9%) – marine and marine-brackish forms. The great number of species is found from 0 to 25 m on sand (396 species) and rocky (257 species) bottom. The groups of stenohypo- (52 species – 6.5%), stenoepi- (465 species – 58.1%), meso- (115 species – 14.4%) and eurybathic forms (168 species – 21.0%) are represented. The marine and marine-brackish species are divided into 162 zoogeographical categories, combined into 4 main groups and 16 subgroups. The main portion of the Black Sea fauna has an Atlantic-Mediterranean origin and represents the impoverished Atlantic-Mediterranean fauna (740 species – 70.2%). Cosmopolitan, Atlantic-Indian, Atlantic-Pacific, endemic and Caspian relict forms are represented. The benthic (115 species – 97.5%) and marine (114 species – 96.6%) forms of the Black Sea endemics (118 species – 11.2%) predominate. The brackish endemics (11 species – 9.3%) most often are Caspian relicts. The main portions of the Caspian relicts (41 species – 3.9%) are benthic brackish forms (38 species – 92.7%). The freshwater-brackish, freshwater and terrestrial forms, connected with water, are divided into 80 zoogeographical categories, com-bined into 2 groups and 5 subgroups. Typical for the coast is the prevalence of the species, distributed in Palaearctic and beyond it (296 species – 58.3%). Species, distributed only in Palaearctic but in more than one subregion (79 species – 15.5%) and species, distributed within one Palaearctic subregion (126 species – 24.8%) are represented – Eu-rosiberian (55 species – 10.8%) and Mediterranean (71 species – 13.9%). A short characteristic of the planktonic and benthic cenoses is done and some coastal basins are scrutinized. An attention is paid to the invasive immigrants that changed the Black Sea communities during the last 60 years. The species of economic and conservation importance are discussed.

Key words: Bulgarian Black Sea coast, invertebrates, species composition, zoogeography, invasive alien species

50 Zdravko Hubenov

the fauna, economic and social importance of wildlife and biodiversity conservation require periodic updating of the faunistic diversity of Bulgaria.

The published catalogues of the Bulgarian Black Sea fauna (Valkanov, 1957a; Valkanov & Marinov, 1964; Marinov & Golemansky, 1989; Marinov, 1990; Konsulov & Konsulova, 1993) do not have a systematic character, and taxa of the genus and species group (the families are not presented) are in alphabetical order. These works are published in Bulgarian and the faunistic analyses there are too short. The published generalized studies in English by Konsulov (1998) and Konsulov & Konsulova (1998) are similar to the works of Marinov (1990) and Konsulov & Konsulova (1993). Some of the used names are out-of-date and need to be updated. There is a contemporary systematic view for some taxonomic groups, included in the monograph se-ries Fauna of Bulgaria (Polychaeta – Marinov, 1977; Harpacticoida – Apostolov & Marinov, 1988), in survey papers (Mollusca – Wilke, 1996; Hubenov, 2005b, 2007a, 2007b) or in dissertations (Nematoda – Stoykov, 1980; Crustacea: Malacostraca – Uzunova, 2006). There is a lack of zoogeographi-cal characteristic of the fauna except Polychaeta, Harpacticoida, Malacostraca and Mollusca. The submitted zoogeographical analyses of the groups mentioned above are done according to their origin or areography (different principle) and are difficult to compare. Commonly the benthos hydrobionts are scrutinized separately from the plankton forms. A generalized zoogeographical work on the Bulgarian Black Sea fauna lacks.

Approach, material and methodsThe aim of this work is to present the Bulgarian

marine invertebrate fauna as well as to analyze the taxonomic diversity, the level of study and some zo-ogeographical and ecological features of the Black Sea invertebrates.

The investigations of the Black Sea territory for the last two centuries are generalized in this work. The paper generalizes the works of Caspers (1951), Valkanov (1957a), Valkanov & Marinov (1964), Marinov & Golemansky (1989), Marinov (1990), Konsulov & Konsulova (1993, 1998), Konsulov (1998) and Golemansky (2007). Data from 832 publications and the dissertations of Konsulov (1991), Kamburska (2004), Todorova (2005), Uzunova (2006) and Trayanova (2008) are in-cluded. Currently some coastal wetlands have been investigated in connection with their management

plans (Durankulak Lake, Shabla Lake, Pomorie Lake, Atanasovsko Lake and protected area Poda). These investigations are also included in the work.

The categories of type class and order are used (an exception is made for supertype Arthropoda be-cause of the structure of the superior taxonomic cat-egories). All water (marine, brackish and freshwater) and many terrestrial invertebrate animals, connected with the coast and coastal basins are included.

In the numbering of the localities (Table 1), for convenience, the old numbering used in catalogues of Valkanov (1957a), Valkanov & Marinov (1964) and Marinov & Golemansky (1989) is presented. In many cases, the information on the coastal basins, given in these publications is outdated (before 1957). Today, a part of the brackish basins along the coast do not exist in its original form. They are converted into bays, harbors, dams, have no connection with the sea or are drained. For most of the smaller basins there is a lack of present-day faunistic investigations. Twenty new localities, which have no equivalent in the previous catalogues, are included. The number of known species in the separate localities is presented as well. It shows mainly their level of study and to a less extent, the actual species diversity.

For the marine species, the depth to which they are established in the Bulgarian Black Sea is given (Table 2). Species, for which there are no data from the Bulgarian coast, data from other regions of the sea are presented. When information in the Bulgarian literature differs significantly from the one, reported for other parts of the sea, the respective foreign data for the Black Sea are presented, after the Bulgarian data. In freshwater Mollusca, the presented depth re-fers to the whole country.

For species that inhabit both fresh and salt wa-ters, an areographical categorization for seas and freshwater basins is presented. The categorization for the freshwaters is given in brackets (Table 2). Some taxa, distributed both in the sea and freshwa-ters (Supercosmopolitan) are analyzed both to the marine and freshwater forms. The brackish species are included to marine or freshwater forms accord-ing to the fact whether they are marine-brackish or freshwater-brackish. When the reports of species distribution are discrepant, a second categorization is presented. An attention is paid to the immigrants and invasive forms that had changed considerably the Black Sea communities in XX century.

There is no unanimity among the experts about the zoogeographical status of the Black Sea, which is either considered as an independent subregion or is unified with the Mediterranean Sea (and Lusi-

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 51

Table 1. Taxa localities (Symbols: * – highly altered habitat to the time of collection of the material; [ ] – old geographical names and old data, before 1957)

Locality Number Old number

Number of species

Sea localitiesDurankulak [Blatnitsa] (Durankulak north – Durankulak Lake – Krapets) 1 1 131Shabla (Shabla Lake – Shabla Tuzla – Cape Shabla) 2 2 153Cape Kaliakra (Rusalka – Bolata – Cape Kaliakra) 3 3 230Kavarna (Cape Chairburun – Cape Chirakman – Cape Kalkanburun) 4 4 138Balchik (Balchik Tuzla – Balchik) 5 5 172Batova (Albena – Kranevo) 6 6 141Varna (Golden Sands – Evksinograd – Varna – Cape Galata – Pasha Dere River) 7 7 601Kamchiya (Cape Ilandzhik – Camping Ray – Kamchiya River – Shkorpilovtsi) 8 8 139Byala (Cape Cherni – Byala – Dvoynitsa River – Obzor) 9 9 128Cape Emine (Irakli – Cape Emine – Cocketrice sandy bank) 10 10 176Nesebar (Elenite – Sunny Beach – Nesebar – Ravda) 11 11 256Pomorie (Aheloy – Pomorie – Camping Evropa – Cape Lahna) 12 12 220Burgas (Saraphovo – Burgas – Kraymorie – Park Rosenets – Cape Chukalya) 13 13 264Sveta Anastasiya Island [Bolshevik Island] 14 14 136Chernomorets (Cape Atiya – Chernomorets – Cape Chervenka [Cape Hrisotira]) 15 15 134Sozopol (Camping Gradina – Sozopol – Kavatsite – Dyuni) 16 15 274Cape Maslen Nos (Alepu Marsh – Ropotamo River – C. Maslen Nos – Stomoplo Marsh) 17 16 184Primorsko (Stomoplo Marsh – Primorsko – Dyavolska Reka River) 18 17 133Kiten [Urdoviza] (International Youth Centre – Kiten – Karaagach River – Lozenets) 19 18 133Tsarevo [Michurin, Vasiliko] (Cape Arapya – Tsarevo – Varvara) 20 19 177Ahtopol (Varvara – Achtopol – Veleka River) 21 20 143Sinemorets (Sinemorets – Silistar River – Rezovo) 22 20 140Zostera overgrowths (0-6 m) 23 45Rocky sublittoral, Cystoseira and other algae, Mytilus (from 0.5-1 m to 15-25 m) 24 257Sandy sublittoral (1-25 m); clean sand – to 17 m, with Branchiostoma – to 20 m 25 396Coastal silt (from 15-20 m to 30-40 m); dominated by Melinna – to 25-30 m 26 115Mytilus silt (from 15-20 m to 60-80 m) 27 148Phaseolina silt (from 65 m to 140-180 m) 28 104Black Sea, pelagic in front of the Bulgarian coast 29 55

Localities along the sea coast Lithotelms, Shabla – Cape Kaliakra, Varna 32 21 15Lithotelms, Ravda, Sozopol – Cape Maslen Nos 33 22 40Basins of Varna Aquarium 34 25 11Subterranean (ground) waters of sandy beach, interstitial, mesopsamal 35 26 146Sunny Beach, coastal zone, sand bottom and floating algae 36 29 4Arkutino, coastal zone 37 27 4Camping (Residence) Perla, coastal zone, sand bottom and floating algae 38 30 4Kiten, coastal zone, sand bottom and floating algae 39 28 5Lozenets, coastal zone 40 31 4Small saltwater marshes along the coast 41 72 8Small freshwater marshes along the coast 42 73 26Mouths of small streams 43 74 3Temporary salty puddles and floods around the coastal basins 44 79 4Rocks along the entire coast, rocky supralittoral 45 76 14Algae washed ashore along the coast, supralittoral 46 77 23Salty soils around coastal basins 47 78 28

52 Zdravko Hubenov

Locality Number Old number

Number of species

Terrestrial coastal zone with halophilic plants (to 50-100 m from the sea) 48 75 24Sea coastal zone; littoral (medio- or pseudolittoral) 49 24Rocky littoral (medio- or pseudolittoral, enteromorpha zone) 50 16Sandy littoral (medio- or pseudolittoral) 51 64Sandy supralittoral 52 8Springs and wells with brackish water along the coast, Durakulak – Cape Kaliakra 53 1Springs along the coast, Sozopol – Cape Maslen Nos 54 2

Coastal basins (lakes, swamps, firths and river floods)Durankulak [Blatnitsa] Lake: [0-5‰, 3.4 km2, depth 4 m], 1-4‰, average salinity – 2‰ 58 41 113Ezerets Lake: [1-2‰, average salinity – 1.6‰], 0.58-0.79‰, 0.72 km2, depth 9.0 m 59 42 101Shabla Lake: [0.1-2‰, 0.6-1.6‰], 0.52-0.60‰, 0.79 km2, depth 9.5 m 60 42 137*Schabla Tuzla: [10-30‰], 22-200‰, 0.19 km2, depth 0.6 m 61 43 17Nanevska Tuzla [Tauk Liman]: 1-90‰ (often about 20‰) 0.10 km2, depth 0.3 m 62 3*Bolata River Mouth: 0.1‰ 63 44 13*Balchik Tuzla: [80-150‰], 35-160‰, 0.14 km2, depth 0.5-0.8 m 64 45 7Batova River Mouth and Swamp: 0.03-6‰, depth 0.5-1 m, 65 46 9*Golden Sands Marshes: [0-60‰] 66 47 7*Sindel [Sultanlar] Swamp: [0‰] 67 48 6*Beloslav [Devnya, Gebedzhe] Lake: 0.1-15.6‰, 3.90 km2, depth 3.5 m, sea canal – 1923 68 49 160*Varna Lake: [5-14‰], 6.5-8-16.8‰, 17.40 km2, depth 19 m, sea canals – 1909, 1976 69 50 264Pasha Dere [Chatal Dere, Novata Voda] River Mouth: [0-7‰] 70 51 10Kamchiya River Mouth – Swamps: [0.4-0.7‰], average 0.1‰ 71 52 53Fandakliyska Reka [Shkorpilova] River Mouth: [0.1‰] 72 53 11*Dvoynitsa [Cherta, Suha Kamchiya] River Mouth 73 8*Hadzhiyska River Mouth [Nesebar Marsh]: [1-10‰] 74 54 30Aheloy River Mouth 75 9Pomorie Lake: 30-70 to 140‰, 8.50 km2, depth 1.4 m 76 55 106Atanasovsko Lake: 1-250‰, average 50-60‰, 16.90 km2, depth 0.3-0.8 m 77 56 113*Burgas [Vaya] Lake: [9-20‰], 1.8-45‰, average 10.6‰, 27.60 km2, depth 1.3 m 78 57 89*Mandra Dam [Mandra Lake to 1963]: [0.1-12‰, max. 30‰, 14.00 km2, depth 1.1-5 m] 79 58 94Uzungeren-Poda Complex: 0.1-32‰, 3.12 km2 80 80Tsiganski Skelet Marsh [Chengene Skele Marsh]: [7-20‰] 81 59 11Alepu Marsh: 4-11-27‰ (usually 3.5-7.2‰), 0.14 km2, depth 0.6-1 m 82 60 14Arkutino Marsh: 0.1-1‰, 0.03 km2, depth 0.5 m 83 24Ropotamo River Mouth: 5-15‰ 84 61 97Stomoplo Marsh: [2-25‰], 1.5-4‰, 6-14‰, 0.06 km2, depth 0.5 m 85 62 20*Dyavolsko Blato Swamp: [1-20‰], 6-14‰, 0.80 km2, depth 1 m 86 63 78*Dyavolska Reka River Mouth: depth 4 m 87 10Karaagachka Reka [Kitenska, Oryashka] River Mouth and Swamp: [5-15‰] 88 64 68Tsarevska Reka [Michurinska (small)] River: [3‰] 89 65 10Izgrevsko Dere [Michurinska Reka (great)] River: [5-10‰] 90 66 14Puddles and mouths of streams between Tsarevo and Ahtopol 91 67 12Veleka River Mouth: [0-0.5‰] 92 68 59Butamyata [Potamyata] River Mouth: [12‰] 93 69 22Silistar River Mouth: [5-15‰] 94 70 25Rezovska Reka [Rezvaya] River Mouth: [0-1.45‰] 95 71 30Black Sea coastal lakes and swamps 96 71

Table 1. Continued

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 53

tanean Atlantic subregion). The zoogeographical scheme used here (Table 5) is based on the works of Guryanova (1964), De Lattin (1967), Golikov & Starobogatov (1968, 1972), Starobogatov (1970), Mordukhay-Boltovskoy (1972), Golik-ov (1982), Nesis (1982), Riedl (1983), Bănărescu (1990), Abbott & Dance (1991), Elder & Pernet-ta (1991), Bruyne (2003), Hook (2008), Earle & Glover (2009). The zoogeographical categorization of species is done on the basis of data of their dis-tribution, taken from the literature and the newest electronic issues (Tables 2, 5 and 6).

The presented ecological data (Table 2) are taken from the Bulgarian literature. Only if there are no data from Bulgaria, foreign data are included for the corresponding species. The conservation value of taxa is determined regarding to their populations in-habiting Bulgaria. For local endemics, 100% of their populations are localized in Bulgaria, therefore they are given the highest conservation category (world importance). This category also includes regional endemics because of their restricted distribution and species from the IUCN Red List. Taxa of European importance include Black Sea endemics as well as the species from Bern Convention and Habitats Directive. Relicts and rare taxa (if not listed under other catego-ry) form the group of national importance. The spe-cies, included in Black Sea Red Data Book (Dumont et al., 1999), Red Data Book of Bulgaria (Biserkov & Golemanski, 2011), European and IUCN Red List are marked.

The literature references (Table 2) do not include all publications addressed to the corresponding spe-cies from the Bulgarian coast (to 9 references quoted). Most often the first record of taxa is given, its inclusion in catalogues and some new or important literature data. Under updating of the names and specifying of the species distribution, some electronic issues are used: Antarctic Invertebrates, CLEMAM (Check List of European Marine Mollusca), DAISIE (Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe), EOL (Encyclopedia of Life), ERMS (European Register of Marine Species), EUNIS biodiversity database, Fauna Europaea, Global Invasive Species Database, Global Names Index, ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System), Marine Planktonic Copepods, Marine Species Identification Portal, MarLIN (The Marine Life Information Network), NARMS (North Atlantic Register for Marine Species), NeMys, NEOBANIS (European Network on Invasive Alien Species), PESI (A Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure), PlanktonNet Image, OBIS (Ocean Biogeographic Information System), The World of

Copepods, World Polychaeta Database, WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species).

Unexplored territories and literature data

Despite the prolonged hydrobiological investigations and good knowledge of the Bulgarian Black Sea fauna as a whole, unexplored areas still remain. The possible reasons for this fact are as fol-lows: lack of specialists on many taxonomic groups; great loading of the specialists with environmen-tal or conservation projects, therefore the time for faunistic research is insufficient; periodic standard surveys of the fixed number of monitoring stations, a relative remoteness of natural science centers; a poor attendance by many zoologists in comparison with other regions or change in coastal communi-ties as a result of anthropogenic impact. Most of the literature data related to these regions are fragmen-tary, outdated, concern separated systematic groups or are scattered in different works which are not spe-cially referred to them.

Today, the most poorly investigated territories in regard to many groups are the southern coast (south of Cape Maslen Nos) and the coastal zone with a depth less than 10 m, where the oceanograph-ic ships rarely enter. Some of the coastal basins were explored long ago so the investigations do not reflect the recent condition of their fauna.

Weaknesses in the literature data which limit the obtaining of equivalent information for the com-parison of the territories include: different levels of study of individual taxa; insufficient research of many groups in the corresponding areas; a lack of exact lo-calities for the part of the recorded species; existence of rich synonymy; outdated data; a lack of general-ized investigations for most of the groups; significant differences in the number of taxa in the separate areas; unexplored territories; prolonged periods of data accumulation for most regions; predominance of ecological studies versus those of fauna; independ-ent review of benthos and plankton forms. These weaknesses lead to the following 5 problems:

1. Continuous supplementation of an existing historical list of fauna. As a result, species diversity in a given area is higher than in reality.

2. Incomparability of data in terms of time peri-ods. Data comparisons between two areas very often cover different periods as it is not possible to study all taxonomic groups and territories simultaneously.

3. Incomparability of benthos – plankton data. Many studies are look at either benthos only or

54 Zdravko Hubenov

plankton only, despite the fact that most taxa have both a benthic and planktonic stages.

4. Incomplete reporting of anthropogenic in-fluences, successional and landscape changes on the composition of the communities along the coast. A number of well-studied brackish basins in the past no longer exist or have changed.

5. Prioritization of research in areas under monitoring or environmental protection legislation.

Abbreviations usedTaxa: [ ] – names and synonyms under which

the species are recorded for BulgariaDistribution: 1-29 – Localities in Black Sea

(1-10 – North Black Sea, 11-22 – South Black Sea), 32-54 – Localities along the coast, 58-96 – Coastal basins, figures – numbers of the localities in Table 1 [dash before the figure (-7, -12) indicates the latter as maximum depth, dash after the figure (7-, 12-) indicates the latter as minimum depth], ? – uncertain data or lack of data, * – outdated information and significantly altered habitat versus time of collection of the material

Zoogeographical categories (the abbreviations in brackets refer to the freshwater and terrestrial spe-cies): aam – Arctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean, aami – Arctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian, aamip – Arctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific, aaminp – Arctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-North Pacific, aamni – Arctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-North Indian, aamswp – Arctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southwest Pacific, aanambp – Arctic-Antarctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Boreal Pacific, aanamip – Arctic-Antarctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific, aannam – Arctic-Antarctic-North Atlantic-Mediterranean, ab – Amphiboreal, abam – Arctic-Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean, abambp – Arctic-Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean-Boreal Pacific, abap – Arctic-Boreal Atlantic-Pontian, abapbp – Arctic-Boreal Atlantic-Pontian-Boreal Pacific, abapnep – Arctic-Boreal Atlantic-Pontian-Northeast Pacific, ace – Arctic-Circumeuropean, acem – Arctic-Circumeuropean-Mauritanian, acmnz – Arctic-Celtic-Mediterranean-New Zealand, acp – Arctic-Celtic-Pontian, adep – Adriatic-Aegean-Pontian, adp – Adriatic-Pontian, adpc – Adriatic-Pontian-Caspian, am (am) – Atlantic-Mediterranean, ami – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian, aminp – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-North Pacific, aminwp – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Northwest Pacific, aminz – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-New Zealand, amip – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific,

amiswp – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Southwest Pacific, amiwp – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-West Pacific, amj – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Japonic, amnei – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast Indian, amnep – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast Pacific, amni – Atlantic-Mediterranean-North Indian, amnp – Atlantic-Mediterranean-North Pacific, amnz – Atlantic-Mediterranean-New Zealand, amp – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific, amrs – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red Sea, amrsp – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red Sea-Pacific, amswp – Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southwest Pacific, amwi – Atlantic-Mediterranean-West Indian, amwp – Atlantic-Mediterranean-West Pacific, anam – Arctic-North Atlantic-Mediterranean, anaminp – Arctic-North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-North Pacific, anamip – Arctic-North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific, anamnep – Arctic-North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast Pacific, anamnp – Arctic-North Atlantic-Mediterranean-North Pacific, anamp – Arctic-North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific, anamrs – Arctic-North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red Sea, anap – Arctic-North Atlantic-Pontian, anapnep – Arctic-North Atlantic-Pontian-Northeast Pacific, anclm – Antarctic-Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean, anpip – Antarctic-Pontian-Indo-Pacific, antami – Antarctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian, antamip – Antarctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific, antamp – Antarctic-Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific, ap – Atlantic-Pontian, api – Atlantic-Pontian-Indian, apswp – Atlantic-Pontian-Southwest Pacific, (ase) – Atlantic-South European, (atm) – Afrotropical-Mediterranean, baap – Boreal-Antiboreal Atlantic-Pontian, bam – Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean, bambp – Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean-Boreal Pacific, bami – Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian, bamnep – Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast Pacific, bamswp – Boreal Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southwest Pacific, bap – Boreal Atlantic-Pontian, bapbp – Boreal Atlantic-Pontian-Boreal Pacific, bapp – Boreal Atlantic-Pontian-Pacific, cacpnz – Carolinian-Celtic-Pontian-New Zealand, calm – Carolinian-Lusitanian-Mediterranean, calp – Carolinian-Lusitanian-Pontian, cb – Circumboreal, cbm – Circumboreal-Mediterranean, cbma – Circumboreal-Mediterranean-Australian, cclm – Carolinian-Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean, ccp – Carolinian-Celtic-Pontian, ce – Circumeuropean, cem – Circumeuropean-Mauritanian, cg – Circumglobal, clm – Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean, clmi – Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Indian, clmm – Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Mauritanian,

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 55

clmnei – Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Northeast Indian, clmnwi – Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Northwest Indian, clmnz – Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-New Zealand, clmrs – Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Red Sea, clmwi – Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-West Indian, clp – Celtic-Lusitanian-Pontian, clpnz – Celtic-Lusitanian-Pontian-New Zealand, cm – Celtic-Mediterranean, cp – Celtic-Pontian, cpc – Celtic-Pontian-Caspian, cpj – Celtic-Pontian-Japonic, cpnei – Celtic-Pontian-Northeast Indian, cpnz – Celtic-Pontian-New Zealand, cpwp – Celtic-Pontian-West Pacific, (cse) – Central and South European, (csee) – Central and Southeast European, (cseea) – Central and Southeast European-Anatolian, (cseeit) – Central and Southeast European-Iran-Тuranian, (csena) – Central and South European-North African, cst – Circumsubtropical, (dp) – Disjunct Palaearctic, (e) – European, (ea) – European-Australian, eam – East Atlantic-Mediterranean, eami – East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian, eamip – East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific, eamiswp – East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Southwest Pacific, eamp – East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific, eamrs – East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red Sea, eamswi – East Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southwest Indian, eamwi – East Atlantic-Mediterranean-West Indian, (ean) – European-Anatolian, (Eb) – Balkan endemic, (Ebg) – Bulgarian endemic, (eca) – European-Central Asian, (eit) – European-Iran-Тuranian, (El) – Local Bulgarian endemic, em (em) – East Mediterranean, (emca) – East Mediterranean-Central Asian, (ena) – European-North African, (Ep) – Pontian endemic, ep – Aegean-Pontian, (Er) – Regional Bulgarian endemic, (esca) – Eurosiberian-Central Asian, (et) – European-Turanian, (ewca) – European-West Central Asian, (h) – Holarctic, (ha) – Holarctic-Australian, ham – Holatlantic-Mediterranean, (hat) – Holarctic-Afrotropical, (hata) – Holarctic-Afrotropical-Australian, (hn) – Holarctic-Neotropical, (hna) – Holarctic-Neotropical-Australian, (hnat) – Holarctic-Neotropical-Afrotropical, (hnata) – Holarctic-Neotropical-Afrotropical-Australian, (hno) – Holarctic-Neotropical-Oriental, (hnoa) – Holarctic-Neotropical-Oriental-Australian, (ho) – Holarctic-Oriental, (hoa) – Holarctic-Oriental-Australian, (hoes) – Holoeurosiberian, hom (hom) – Holomediterranean, (hop) – Holopalaearctic, (hpt) – Holarctic-Paleotropical, (hpta) – Holarctic-Paleotropical-Australian, (hptn) – Holarctic-Paleotropical-Neotropical, i – introduced species (immigrants), j – Japanese, K (k) – Cosmopolitan, kclm – Caribbean-Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean,

klm – Caribbean-Lusitanian-Mediterranean, kmm – Caribbean-Mediterranean-Mauritanian, lm – Lusitanian-Mediterranean, lmi – Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Indian, lmm – Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Mauritanian, lmmg – Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Mauritanian-Guinean, lmmwi – Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Mauritanian-West Indian, lmnei – Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Northeast Indian, lmnz – Lusitanian-Mediterranean-New Zealand, lmsa – Lusitanian-Mediterranean-South African, lmwi – Lusitanian-Mediterranean-West Indian, lmwiwp – Lusitanian-Mediterranean-West Indo-West Pacific, lmwp – Lusitanian-Mediterranean-West Pacific, lp – Lusitanian-Pontian, m – Mediterranean, (mca) – Mediterranean-Central Asian, miwp – Mediterranean-Indo-West Pacific, mj – Mediterranean-Japonic, mmgt – Mediterranean-Mauritanian-Guinean-Tasmanian, mni – Mediterranean-North Indian, mnz – Mediterranean-New Zealand, mrs – Mediterranean-Red Sea, (mwca) – Mediterranean-West Central Asian, (na) – North American, nam – North Atlantic-Mediterranean, namep – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-East Pacific, nami – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian, namim – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Malayan, naminz – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-New Zealand, namip – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific, namiwp – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-West Pacific, namj – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Japonic, namnei – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast Indian, namnep – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Northeast Pacific, namni – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-North Indian, namnp – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-North Pacific, namnz – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-New Zealand, namp – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific, namrs – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red Sea, namrsnep – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Red Sea-Northeast Pacific, namsp – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-South Pacific, namsep – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southeast Pacific, namswp – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southwest Pacific, namwi – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-West Indian, namwp – North Atlantic-Mediterranean-West Pacific, nap – North Atlantic-Pontian, napnei – North Atlantic-Pontian-Northeast Indian, neamal – Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean-Aleutian, neamep – Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean-East Pacific, neaminz – Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-New Zealand, neamj – Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean-Japonic, neamnp – Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean-North Pacific, neamnz –

56 Zdravko Hubenov

Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean-New Zealand, neamswp – Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean-Southwest Pacific, neamwp – Northeast Atlantic-Mediterranean-West Pacific, (nem) – Northeast Mediterranean, (nemit) – Northeast Mediterranean-Iran-Тuranian, nm (nm) – North Mediterranean, (nmwca) – North Mediterranean-West Central Asian, nz – New Zealand, (om) – Oriental-Mediterranean, (omca) – Oriental-Mediterranean-Central Asian, (omcaa) – Oriental-Mediterranean-Central Asian-Australian, p – Pontian, (pat) – Palearctic-Afrotropical, (pata) – Palearctic-Afrotropical-Australian, pc – Pontian-Caspian, pca – Pontian-Caspian-Aral, pinz – Pontian-Indo-New Zealand, (pm) – Pontomediterranean, pnep – Pontian-Northeast Pacific, (po) – Palearctic-Oriental, (poa) – Palearctic-Oriental-Australian, (ppt) – Palearctic-Paleotropical, (ppta) – Palearctic-Paleotropical-Australian, (ptm) – Paleotropical-Mediterranean, (ptmca) – Paleotropical-Mediterranean-Central Asian, (ptsp) – Paleotropical-South Palearctic, R – relict, Rc – Caspian relict, (se) – South European, (see) – Southeast European, (seea) – Southeast European-Anatolian, (seep) – Southeast European-Pontian, (seepc) – Southeast European-Pontian-Caspian, Sf – subfossil, SK (sk) – Subcosmopolitan, tam – Tropical Atlantic-Mediterranean, (tp) – Transpalaearctic, (tpo) – Transpalaearctic-Oriental, vck – Virginian-Carolinian-Caribbean, vclm – Virginian-Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean, (wces) – West and Central Eurosiberian, (wcp) – West and Central Palaearctic, (wcpo) – West and Central Palaearctic-Oriental, (wes) – West Eurosiberian, (wesa) – West Eurosiberian-Anatolian, (wp) – West Palearctic, (wpat) – West Palearctic-Afrotropical, (wppt) – West Palearctic-Paleotropical, + – species known only from shells, • – occurrence of endemic taxa, ? – probable category.

Ecological data: ar – argillophilous, α – α-mesosaprobic, α-β – α-β-mesosaprobic, β – β-mesosaprobic, B – brackish, BA – Barcelona Convention, BC – Bern Convention, bt – benthos, co – commensal, CR – critically endangered, cr – crenobiont, cs – coastal silt, DD – data deficient, Е – European importance, еb – eurybathic, ec – ectopara-site, eh – euryhaline, EN – endangered, ep – epibath-ic, epi – epibiont, epp – epipelagic, et – eurythermal, еu – еurybiont, EX – Extinct, gw – ground-water, ha – halophilous or halobiont, hb – hypobathic, HD – Habitats Directive, if – interstitial fauna, is – invasive species, L – freshwater, l – littoral zone (medio-, pseu-dolittoral, intertidal), LC – least concern, LR – lower risk, lr – rocky littoral, ls – sandy littoral, lt – rocks

or lithophilous, M – marine, mb – mesobathic, mc – Mytilus cenosis, ms – Mytilus silt, N – national im-portance, NE – not evaluated, NT – near threatened, o – oligosaprobic, p – plankton, pa – parasite, pe – pelophilous, ph – algae overgrowth or phytophilous, phc – Phyllophora coenosis, phs – Phaseolina silt, po – potamophilous, pp – pelagic, ps – sand or psam-mophilous, r – rare, rh – rhithrophilous, ro – rocky, s – silt, sb – stenobathic, sep – stenoepibathic, sg – shells and sand with shells, shb – stenohypobathic, sl – sublittoral zone (infra- and circalittoral, subti-dal), slc – Cystoseira sublittoral, slr – rocky sublit-toral, sls – sandy sublittoral, sp – supralittoral zone (supratidal), spr – rocky supralittoral, sps – sandy supralittoral, sw – stagnant water, T – terrestrial, th – thermophile, TL – terrestrial forms connected with water, tx - trogloxene, VU – vulnerable, W – world importance, x – xenosaprobic, zc – Zostera cenosis, ‰ – limiting freshwater level for marine and salinity level for the freshwater forms, ( ) – rarely exception, ■ – Black Sea Red Data Book, ▲ – Red Data Book of Bulgaria, ◆ – European and IUCN Red List.

Results and DiscussionA total of 19 types, 39 classes, 123 orders, 470

families and 1537 species have been known from the Bulgarian Black Sea (Table 3). These taxa include 1054 species (68.6%) marine and marine-brackish forms and 508 species (33.0%) freshwater-brackish, freshwater and terrestrial forms, connected with water. A small number of supercosmopolitan forms (17 species), inhabitants of the marine, freshwater and terrestrial cenoses are scrutinized to both two groups. Five types (Nematoda, Rotifera, Annelida, Arthropoda and Mollusca) have a high species composition (over 100 species). Of these, the rich-est in species are Arthropoda (802 species – 52.2%), Annelida (173 species – 11.2%) and Mollusca (152 species – 9.9%). The rest 14 types include from 1 to 38 species. The Bulgarian fauna comprises about 70% of the known 2000-2200 species from the Black Sea and Azov Sea (Tables 2 and 3). For individual taxa this percentage varies considerably and depends on the level of study. The species composition varies depending on whether the authors considered only marine and marine-brackish forms or include fresh-water-brackish, freshwater and terrestrial forms, re-lated to water. The rich in brackish basins Ukrainian and Russian Black Sea coast is considerably superior to the Bulgarian coast in brackish taxa.

Most marine invertebrates have been estab-lished throughout the Bulgarian Black Sea coast.

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 57

Tabl

e 2.

Reg

ister

of t

he m

arin

e, br

acki

sh, f

resh

wat

er a

nd te

rres

tria

l Inv

erte

brat

e fr

ee-li

ving

faun

a fr

om th

e Bu

lgar

ian

Blac

k Se

a co

ast

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

POR

IFER

AD

emos

pong

iae

Had

rom

erid

aC

liona

idae

Pion

e vas

tifica

(Han

cock

, 184

9) [C

liona

pon

tica,

C. s

tatio

nis,

Vioa

gra

ntii]

7-16

, 27

-42

nam

wp

M, b

t, m

b, m

c32

, 249

, 389

Sube

ritid

aeSu

berit

es ca

rnos

us (J

ohns

ton,

184

2) [H

alich

ondr

ia, S

. dom

uncu

la]

3, 7

, 16,

34

6-18

0am

M, b

t, eb

, ms,

phs

32, 2

49, 3

89Su

berit

es p

roto

typu

s Cze

rnia

vsky

, 188

0 [P

rosu

berit

es b

revi

spin

us, P

. epi

phyt

um]

7, 2

7, 2

83-

90●

pM

, bt,

eb, m

s, ph

s32

, 84,

249

, 389

Hal

icho

ndri

daH

alic

hond

riid

aeH

alich

ondr

ia p

anice

a (P

alla

s, 17

66) [

H. g

ross

a, S

pong

ia]

72-

65K

M, b

t, eb

, lt,

■32

, 114

, 249

, 389

Poec

ilos

cler

ida

Mic

roci

onid

aeCl

athr

ia cl

eisto

chela

(Top

sent

, 192

5) [M

icroc

iona

]7

0-5

lmm

, ? i

M, b

t, ?

is84

, 249

, 389

Teda

niid

aeTe

dani

a a

nhela

ns (L

iebe

rküh

n, 1

859)

[T. n

igre

scen

s, H

alicl

ona,

Ren

iera

dig

itata

]5,

6, 2

3, 2

4-2

2?

amp

M, b

t, ep

, ph

32, 6

7, 2

49, 3

89C

oelo

spha

erid

aeLi

ssod

endo

ryx

varii

scler

a (S

war

tsch

ewsk

y, 19

05) [

L. d

icty

onoi

des]

78-

26●

pM

, bt,

ep, l

t32

, 249

, 389

Cre

llida

eCr

ella

grac

ilis (

Ala

nder

, 194

2) [K

owal

ewsk

yella

, Yve

sia]

314

-60

cpM

, bt,

eb, l

t32

, 249

, 389

Myc

alid

aeM

ycal

e syr

inx

(Sch

mid

t, 18

62) [

Espe

ria lo

renz

ii, E

. mus

coid

es]

7, 3

40-

87lm

mM

, bt,

eb, r

o, s

32, 2

49, 3

89H

aplo

scle

rida

Petr

osiid

aePe

trosia

ficif

orm

is (P

oire

t, 17

89) [

P. cl

avat

a, P.

dur

a, R

enie

ra b

outsc

hins

kii]

3, 5

, 24

-40

kmm

M, b

t, m

b, sl

c, sl

r32

, 249

, 389

Cha

linid

aeCh

alin

ula

limba

ta (M

onta

gu, 1

818)

[Hal

ichon

a, H

alicl

oniss

a, P

achy

chal

ina]

7cl

mm

M, b

t32

, 249

, 389

Hal

iclon

a aq

uaed

uctu

s (Sc

hmid

t, 18

62) [

H. a

lba,

Ado

cia, R

enie

ra]

5, 1

1, 1

2, 1

3, 3

4-1

00lm

M, b

t, eb

, ro

32, 2

49, 3

89H

alicl

ona

ciner

ea (G

rant

, 182

6) [H

. pal

mat

a, A

docia

, Ren

iera

, Spo

ngia

]5

-75

aam

ipM

, bt,

eb, p

hc32

, 249

, 389

Hal

iclon

a fla

vesc

ens (

Tops

ent,

1893

) [Re

nier

a]7

-35

hom

M, b

t, ro

84, 2

49, 3

89H

alicl

ona

gros

sa (S

chm

idt,

1864

) [Ad

ocia

, Ren

iera

]12

, 13

emM

, bt

32, 2

49, 3

89

58 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Hal

iclon

a im

plex

a (S

chm

idt,

1868

) [H

. inf

orm

is, A

docia

, Ren

iera

curio

sa]

1, 2

, 3, 4

, 5-8

5m

mgt

M, b

t, eb

, ro

32, 2

49, 3

89H

alicl

ona

infla

ta (S

chm

idt,

1868

) [Ad

ocia

, Ren

iera

]5,

7, 1

2, 1

3ad

pM

, bt

32, 3

89H

alicl

ona

irreg

ular

is (C

zern

iavs

ky, 1

880)

[? U

losa

stup

osa,

? H

alicl

oniss

a di

gita

ta]

24, 4

9-2

2?

● p,

? c

lmM

, bt,

zc32

, 249

, 389

Hal

iclon

a sim

ulan

s (Jo

hnst

on, 1

842)

[Ado

cia d

ensa

, Iso

dict

ya p

allid

a, R

enie

ra]

5cl

mm

M, b

t32

, 249

, 389

Hal

iclon

a tu

bulif

era

(Sw

arts

chew

sky,

1905

) [Ad

ocia

, Ren

iera

]3

● p

M, b

t32

, 249

, 389

Spon

gilli

dae

Ephy

datia

fluv

iatil

is (L

inna

eus,

1759

)34

, *68

(hpt

a)L,

2.5

‰, b

t32

, 374

, 389

Den

droc

erat

ida

Dys

idei

dae

Dys

idea

frag

ilis (

Mon

tagu

, 181

8) [S

pong

ia, S

pong

elia]

1, 2

, 3, 4

, 5, 7

-40

clm

mM

, bt,

mb,

ps,

ro32

, 84,

389

CA

LCA

REA

Leuc

osol

enid

aSy

cett

idae

Syco

n cil

iatu

m (F

abric

ius,

1780

) [S.

coro

nata

]23

, 24,

27,

28,

49,

50

0-18

0aa

msw

pM

, bt,

eb, p

h, ro

198,

249

CN

IDA

RIA

Hyd

rozo

aC

apit

ata

Hyd

rida

eH

ydra

viri

diss

ima

Palla

s, 17

66 [C

hlor

ohyd

ara]

71, 8

8, 9

3(k

)L,

5‰

, bt

374,

389

Cla

done

mat

idae

Clad

onem

a ra

diat

um D

ujar

din,

184

312

amip

M, b

t-p91

, 249

, 389

Cor

ymor

phid

aeCo

rym

orph

a nu

tans

Sar

s, 18

35 [C

. sar

si]7

10-1

00an

amM

, bt-p

, eb,

r16

0, 2

49, 3

33, 3

89C

oryn

idae

Cory

ne p

usill

a (G

aert

ner,

1774

)11

, 16

nam

wp

M, b

t-p91

, 389

Sars

ia tu

bulo

sa (S

ars,

1835

) [S.

mira

bilis

, Cor

yne,

Sync

oryn

e]7,

16,

49

aana

mbp

M, b

t-p24

9, 3

19, 3

52, 3

89M

oeri

siid

ae

Ode

ssia

mae

otica

(Ost

roum

off, 1

896)

[Ostr

oum

ovia

, Pon

tia, M

oeri

sia]

7, 7

1, 7

8lm

, ? R

cM

-B, 2

5‰, b

t-p, ■

297,

299

, 300

, 319

, 37

3, 3

74, 3

76, 3

83

Moe

risia

inke

rman

ica P

alts

chik

owa-

Ost

roum

owa,

192

5 [O

strou

mov

ia]

*69,

71,

*79

, 84,

88

amip

M-B

-L, 4

0‰, b

t-p24

9, 3

17, 3

74, 3

76,

386,

389

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 59

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Prot

ohyd

rida

ePr

otoh

ydra

leuc

kart

i Gre

eff, 1

870

[P. s

quam

ata]

*79,

96

0-1

cbm

M, 7

‰, b

t24

9, 3

78, 3

89Le

ptot

heca

ta (C

onic

a)A

glao

phen

iidae

Agla

ophe

nia

plum

a (L

inna

eus,

1767

)7,

16

0-10

0am

wp

M, b

t, eb

91, 2

49, 2

95, 3

89K

irch

enpa

ueri

idae

Kirc

henp

auer

ia h

alec

ioid

es (A

lder

, 185

9) [P

lum

ular

ia]

7, 2

4SK

M, b

t, eb

249,

389

Blac

kfor

diid

aeBl

ackf

ordi

a vi

rgin

ica M

ayer

, 191

0 [C

ampa

nulin

a po

ntica

]71

, *79

, 84,

*86

, 88

nam

i, i

M, 7

‰, b

t-p, s

l, is

160,

249

, 374

, 389

Cam

panu

linid

aeO

perc

ular

ella

lace

rata

(Joh

nsto

n, 1

847)

[Cam

panu

lina

tenu

is]7

0-20

bam

M, b

t, ep

249,

295

, 389

Phia

lella

qua

drat

a (F

orbe

s, 18

48) [

Cam

panu

lina

repe

ns]

29, 4

9-1

0am

ip, ?

SK

M, b

t-p, e

p24

9Se

rtul

ariid

aeSe

rtul

arell

a po

lyzo

nias

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

3, 7

, 12,

16

0-10

0SK

, ? K

M, b

t, eb

67, 9

1, 2

49, 2

95, 3

89Fi

life

raBo

ugai

nvill

iidae

Gar

veia

fran

cisc

ana

(Tor

rey,

1902

) [Bo

ugai

nvill

ia m

egas

, Per

igon

imus

]*6

9, 8

4cs

t, am

ip, i

M, b

t, eh

, l, i

s10

2, 2

49, 2

52, 2

95Bo

ugai

nvill

ia m

uscu

s (Va

n Be

nede

n, 1

844)

[B. r

amos

a, P

erig

onim

us]

7am

ip, ?

SK

M, b

t-p24

9, 2

95, 3

89O

cean

iidae

(Cla

vida

e)Cl

ava

mul

ticor

nis (

Fors

kål,

1775

) [C.

squa

mat

a]7

bam

M-B

, bt,

mc,

ro29

5, 3

89

Cord

ylop

hora

casp

ia (P

alla

s, 17

71) [

C. la

custr

is]58

, *68

, *69

, *78

, *7

9, 8

4, 8

8, 9

3, 9

4, 9

6na

mnz

, i, R

c,

? SK

B, e

h, 0

.1-2

0‰, b

t84

, 249

, 374

, 389

Eude

ndri

idae

Eude

ndriu

m ra

mos

um (L

inna

eus,

1758

) [Tu

bula

ria]

7-1

0SK

M, b

t, eb

249,

298

, 389

Eude

ndriu

m c

f. m

erul

um W

atso

n, 1

985

70-

1, 1

5am

isw

pM

, bt,

ro, r

321

Hyd

ract

iniid

ae

Hyd

ract

inia

carn

ea S

ars,

1846

[Pod

ocor

yna]

5, 7

, *69

0-70

amw

pM

, 12‰

, bt-p

, eb

67, 8

4, 2

49, 3

17,

319,

331

, 374

, 389

Rat

hkei

dae

Rath

kea

octo

punc

tata

(Sar

s, 18

35)

7, 2

9cb

ma,

(? i)

M-B

, p (b

t), c

160,

249

, 319

, 389

Lim

nom

edus

ae (L

imno

poly

pae)

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

60 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Mic

rohy

drul

idae

Micr

ohyd

rula

pon

tica

Valk

anov

, 196

5cl

mM

, 10-

20‰

, bt

391,

392

Olin

dias

idae

(Olin

diid

ae)

Cras

peda

custa

sow

erby

i Lan

kest

er, 1

880

[C. r

yder

i]34

(k),

iL,

is, b

t-p38

6, 3

89? O

lindi

as p

hosp

horic

a (D

elle

Chi

aje,

1841

)96

lmM

, p, r

281

? Mae

otia

s mar

gina

ta (M

odee

r, 17

91) [

M. i

nexp

ecta

ta]

clm

M-B

, p28

1Pr

obos

coid

aC

ampa

nula

riid

aeO

rtho

pyxi

s int

egra

(Mac

Gill

ivra

y, 18

42) [

Cam

panu

laria

inte

grifo

rmis]

7, *

691-

60am

ip, ?

KM

, bt,

eb, r

249,

295

, 374

, 389

Cam

panu

laria

vol

ubili

s (Li

nnae

us, 1

758)

[C. v

. var

. urc

eola

ta, C

. urc

eola

ta]

11, 1

2, 1

65-

100

amp

M, b

t, eb

91, 2

49, 3

89Cl

ytia

hem

ispha

erica

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58) [

C. jo

hnsto

ni, C

ampa

nula

ria]

3, 1

1, 1

2, 1

60-

15am

p, ?

SK

M, b

t-p, p

h, ro

67, 9

1, 2

49, 3

89G

onot

hyra

ea lo

veni

(Allm

an, 1

859)

[Lao

med

ea, O

belia

]3,

70-

30ba

msw

p, ?

KM

, bt,

ep-m

b68

, 249

, 295

, 389

Har

tlaub

ella

gela

tinos

a (P

alla

s, 17

66) [

Laom

edea

bicu

spid

ata,

Obe

lia]

7am

pM

, bt,

r84

, 249

, 389

Laom

edea

ang

ulat

a H

inck

s, 18

61 [O

belia

]7,

*69

amM

, 12‰

, bt,

r84

, 249

, 389

Obe

lia lo

ngiss

ima

(Pal

las,

1766

) [La

omed

ea]

70-

100

SKM

, bt-p

, eb

84, 1

60, 2

49, 3

89SC

yPH

OZO

ASe

mae

osto

mea

eU

lmar

idae

Aure

lia a

urita

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

1-22

, 29,

69,

84,

88

0-10

0K

M, p

91, 1

60, 2

87, 3

19,

374,

389

Rhiz

osto

mea

eR

hyzo

stom

atid

ae

Rhiz

osto

ma

pulm

o (M

acri,

177

8)1-

22, 2

9, *

69na

mrs

M, p

91, 1

60, 2

87, 3

19,

374,

389

Stau

rom

edus

aeK

ishi

nouy

eida

eLu

cern

ario

psis

cam

panu

lata

Lam

ouro

ux, 1

815

[Luc

erna

ria]

12, 2

1, 2

40-

20cl

mM

, bt,

ep, s

lc, p

h91

, 249

, 389

AN

THO

ZOA

: HEX

AC

OR

ALI

AA

ctin

iari

aA

ctin

iidae

Actin

ia eq

uina

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58) [

A. e

. var

. zon

ata]

1-22

, 24,

69

0-38

eam

iwp

M, b

t, ep

, lr,

slr,

sg31

, 91,

249

, 295

, 389

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 61

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Dia

dum

enid

ae? D

iadu

men

e lin

eata

(Ver

rill,

1869

) [? A

ctin

otho

e cla

vata

]24

, 49

0-15

SK, i

M-B

, bt,

0.5-

35‰

, is

355

Saga

rtiid

ae

Actin

otho

e cla

vata

(Ilm

oni,

1830

) [A

. ang

ulico

ma,

Cyl

iste v

idua

ta]

7, 1

2, 1

3, 1

6, 2

5, 2

6,

691-

20cl

mM

, bt,

ep, m

c, sg

, s84

, 91,

249

, 295

, 389

Cer

iant

hari

aC

eria

nthi

dae

Pach

ycer

iant

hus s

olita

rius (

Rapp

, 182

9) [C

eria

nthu

s ves

titus

]2

60-1

75lm

M, b

t, sh

b, p

hs24

9C

TEN

OPH

OR

AA

tent

acul

ata

Bero

ida

Bero

idae

Bero

e ova

ta B

rugu

ière

, 178

91-

22, 2

9am

iwp,

iM

, p, i

s16

0, 1

62, 2

00TE

NTA

CU

LATA

Cydi

ppid

aPl

euro

brac

hiid

aePl

euro

brac

hia

rhod

opis

Chu

n, 1

879

[P. p

ileus

, P. r

hdod

acty

la]

7, 1

0-17

, 29,

*69

0-10

0●

pM

, p, e

b91

, 317

, 319

, 374

Loba

taBo

linop

sida

eBo

linop

sis v

itrea

(L. A

gass

iz, 1

860)

3, 7

, 29

cst,

amip

, ? i

M, p

292,

355

Mne

mio

psis

leidy

i A. A

gass

iz, 1

865

[Leu

coth

ea m

ultic

orni

s, M

nem

ia m

accr

adyi

]1-

22, 2

9, 6

90-

25vc

k, ?

K, i

M, p

, is,

sb65

, 160

, 194

, 195

, 19

6, 1

97, 1

99, 2

01PL

ATH

ELM

INTH

ESTu

rbel

lari

aA

coel

aC

onvo

lutid

aeCo

nvol

uta

hypp

arch

ia P

erey

asla

wze

wa,

189

3 [C

. fes

tiva]

7, *

69, *

79m

M, b

t84

, 374

Oto

celid

idae

Oto

celis

rubr

opun

ctat

a (S

chm

idt,

1852

) Die

sing,

186

27,

25,

26

-18

neam

jM

, bt,

pe-p

s, ep

386

Taur

idid

aeTa

urid

a fu

lvom

acul

ata

(Ax,

195

9) [C

onvo

luta

]7

mM

, bt,

ep, p

s39

2M

acro

stom

ida

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

62 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Mac

rost

omid

aeM

acro

stom

um a

ppen

dicu

latu

m (O

. Fab

riciu

s, 18

26)

77cl

m?

B-L

, 50‰

, bt,

eh37

4, 3

89Po

lycl

adid

aLe

ptop

lani

dae

Lept

opla

na tr

emell

aris

(Mül

ler,

1774

) Örs

ted,

184

35,

*69

, 84,

*86

ceM

, bt

67, 3

74Pr

osth

iost

omid

aePr

osth

iosto

mum

siph

uncu

lus (

Del

le C

hiaj

e, 18

18) L

ang,

188

43

clm

M, b

t67

, 389

Styl

ochi

dae

Styl

ochu

s tau

ricus

Jaku

bova

, 190

9 [S

tyco

plan

a]5

mM

, bt

67, 3

89Rh

abdo

coel

aD

alye

lliid

aeG

ieys

ztor

ia ex

pedi

ta (v

on H

ofst

en, 1

907)

[Dal

yelli

a]*6

8, 7

1, 7

6, *

86, 8

8(p

at)

L, 1

2‰, b

t37

4, 3

89K

arki

norh

ynch

idae

Balto

plan

a va

lkan

ovi A

x, 1

959

7m

M, 1

2‰, b

t39

2Po

lycy

stid

idae

Acro

rhyn

chid

es re

prob

atus

(Per

eyas

law

zew

a, 1

892)

Str

and,

192

8 [G

raff,

190

5]*6

9m

M, b

t37

4, 3

89G

yrat

rix h

erm

aphr

oditu

s Ehr

enbe

rg, 1

831

[Gyr

ator

]*6

8, *

69, 7

1SK

M-L

, 5‰

, bt,

eh37

4, 3

89Po

lycy

stis n

aege

llii K

öllik

er, 1

845

7, 2

4cl

mM

, bt

203,

252

Rogn

eda

min

uta

Ulja

nin,

187

0 [P

olyc

ystis

]*6

9cl

mM

, 12‰

, bt,

ph-p

s37

4, 3

89Ro

gned

a po

lyrh

abdo

ta A

x, 1

959

7m

M, b

t39

2Pr

omes

osto

mid

aePr

omes

osto

ma

mar

mor

atum

(Sch

ultz

e, 18

51) v

. Gra

ff, 1

882

*69,

*79

bam

M, 8

‰, b

t37

4, 3

89Se

riat

aC

oelo

gyno

pori

dae

Coelo

gyno

pora

bia

rmat

a St

einb

öck,

192

47,

25,

51

1-2

clm

, ? b

amM

, bt,

sep,

sls,

ps, e

h20

3, 2

49, 3

88, 3

89Co

elogy

nopo

ra te

nuifo

rmis

Kar

ling,

196

67,

25,

51

pnep

M, b

t, sl

s, ps

, r20

3, 2

52M

onoc

elid

idae

Arch

ilina

endo

styla

Ax,

195

97,

25,

51

0.5-

2m

M, b

t, se

p, sl

s, ps

203,

252

Mon

oceli

s lon

gice

ps (D

ugès

, 183

0)*6

9cl

mM

, 2‰

, bt

374,

389

Pseu

dom

onoc

elis o

phio

ceph

ala

(Sch

mid

t, 18

61),

Mei

xner

, 194

37,

25,

51

1-2

mM

, bt,

sep,

sls,

ps20

3, 2

52O

topl

anid

ae

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 63

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Arch

otop

lana

hol

otric

ha A

x, 1

956

6, 7

, 51

m, ?

cm

M, b

t, ep

, sls

, ps

203,

252

Oto

plan

a bo

spor

ana

Ax,

195

97

mM

, bt,

ep, s

ls, p

s39

2Pa

roto

plan

ella

prog

erm

aria

Ax,

195

66,

7, 5

10-

1m

, ? lm

M, b

t, se

p, ls

, sls

, ps

203,

252

Postb

urso

plan

a fib

ulat

a A

x, 1

955

6, 7

, 25

2m

, ? lm

M, b

t, se

p, sl

s, ps

203,

252

Postb

urso

plan

a po

ntica

Ax,

195

97

● p

M, b

t39

2Ps

eudo

syrt

is su

bter

rane

a (A

x, 1

951)

Ax,

195

6 [O

topl

ana]

7, 3

5cl

mM

-B, b

t, se

p, ls

, ps

389

Trip

orop

lana

syns

ipho

nioi

des A

x, 1

956

7, 2

5, 5

10.

5lm

M, b

t, se

p, sl

s, ps

203,

252

Den

droc

oelid

aeD

endr

ocoe

lum

lact

eum

(Mül

ler,

1774

)58

, *68

(h)

L, 2

‰, b

t, ph

206,

374

, 389

Dug

esiid

aeD

uges

ia p

olyc

hroa

(Sch

mid

t, 18

61) [

Plan

aria

]*6

8(h

)L,

0.5

‰, b

t37

4, 3

89N

EMER

TIN

IA

nopl

aPa

laeo

nem

erti

niC

epha

loth

rici

dae

Ceph

alot

hrix

are

naria

Hyl

bon,

195

7cl

mM

, bt,

ps24

9Ce

phal

othr

ix li

near

is (R

athk

e, 17

99) [

C. b

iocu

lata

]27

, 28

40-1

20ba

mM

, bt,

shb,

s24

9Ce

phal

othr

ix ru

fifro

ns (J

ohns

ton,

183

7)27

, 28

40-1

20cl

mM

, bt,

shb,

s24

9Tu

bula

nida

eCa

rinin

a he

tero

som

a G

. I. M

ülle

r, 19

6526

, 27

5-70

● p

M, b

t, s,

ep-m

b24

9H

eter

onem

erti

niC

ereb

ratu

lidae

Cere

brat

ulus

mar

gina

tus R

enie

r, 18

0427

, 28

40-1

20ab

ambp

M, b

t, ph

s, sh

b, s

249

Cere

brat

ulus

ven

trosu

lcatu

s Bür

ger,

1892

26, 2

7, 2

86-

120

mM

, bt,

s, eb

249

Line

idae

Line

us b

iline

atus

(Ren

ier,

1804

)ba

mbp

M, b

t, sl

249

Line

us ru

ber (

O. F

. Mül

ler,

1774

)49

nam

M, b

t, sl

, mc,

ro24

9Ra

mph

ogor

dius

lact

eus R

atke

, 184

3 [L

ineu

s]*6

92-

65cl

p, ?

clm

M, b

t, m

b-eb

249,

374

, 389

Not

ospe

rmus

geni

cula

tus (

Del

le C

hiaj

e, 18

28) [

Line

us]

lmnz

M, b

t24

9M

icrur

a fa

scio

lata

Ehr

enbe

rg, 1

828

1-22

, 27,

28

18-1

25cl

mM

, bt,

mb-

eb, s

249

Pont

olin

eus a

rena

rius M

ülle

r et S

crip

cariu

, 196

425

8-16

● p

M, b

t, se

p, sl

s, ps

249

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

64 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Puss

ylin

eus g

abrie

llae C

orrê

a, 1

956

mM

, bt

249

Enop

laH

oplo

nem

erti

niA

mph

ipor

idae

Amph

ipor

us b

iocu

latu

s McI

ntos

h, 1

874

bap,

? b

amM

, bt

249

Amph

ipor

us la

ctifl

oreu

s (Jo

hnst

on, 1

828)

bam

M, b

t, sl

249

Zygo

nem

erte

s mas

lovs

kyi (

Cze

rnia

vsky

, 188

0)50

● p

M, b

t, lr

249

Cra

tene

mer

tidae

Nip

ponn

emer

tes p

ulch

ra (J

ohns

ton,

183

7) [A

mph

ipor

us]

baap

M, b

t24

9Em

plec

tone

mat

idae

Empl

ecto

nem

a gr

acile

(Joh

nsto

n, 1

837)

[Eun

emer

tes]

3, 2

40-

10ba

mbp

M, b

t, ep

, ro

67, 2

49, 3

89O

toty

phlo

nem

ertid

aeO

toty

phlo

nem

erte

s ant

ipai

G. I

. Mül

ler,

1968

510.

2-1

● p

M, b

t, ls

, sep

249

Tetr

aste

mm

atid

aePr

osto

ma

grae

cens

e (Bö

hmig

, 189

2) [T

etra

stem

ma]

*68,

*69

(sk)

L-B

, 1‰

, bt

374,

389

Tetra

stem

ma

bace

scui

G. I

. Mül

ler,

1962

5, 2

40.

5-8

● p

M, b

t, lr,

slr,

ep24

9Te

traste

mm

a ca

ndid

um (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

74) [

Pros

tom

a]3,

50-

55an

amp

M, b

t, m

b67

, 249

, 389

Tetra

stem

ma

coro

natu

m (Q

uant

refa

ges,

1846

)26

, 27

4-40

-120

clm

M, b

t, s,

hb-e

b24

9Te

traste

mm

a lo

ngiss

imum

Bür

ger,

1895

[? n

om. d

ubiu

m]

clm

M, b

t24

9Te

traste

mm

a m

elano

ceph

alum

(Joh

nsto

n, 1

837)

3, 5

, 27

40-7

0ne

amin

zM

, bt,

s, m

b-eb

67, 2

49Te

traste

mm

a ve

rmicu

lus (

Qua

ntre

fage

s, 18

46) [

Pros

tom

atell

a]24

0-40

nam

M, b

t, sl

r, m

b24

9G

AST

RO

TRIC

HA

Cha

eton

otoi

dea

Cha

eton

otid

aeA

spid

ioph

orus

med

iterr

aneu

s Rem

ane,

1927

7, 5

10.

5-2

nam

sep

M, b

t, se

p, ls

, eh

315,

389

, 390

Chae

tono

tus m

axim

us E

hren

berg

, 183

124

, 35,

49

KM

(B-L

), bt

, eh,

l, ls

249

Chae

tono

tus s

imili

s Zel

inka

, 188

996

(k)

L-B

, 8-1

8‰, b

t24

9H

alich

aeto

notu

s dec

ipie

ns R

eman

e, 18

29 [C

haet

onot

us]

7, 3

5na

mM

, gw,

ls31

5, 3

89H

alich

aeto

notu

s mar

inus

(Gia

rd, 1

904)

[Cha

eton

otus

pleu

raca

nthu

s]16

, 35

clm

M, g

w, ls

, r24

9, 3

89H

eter

olep

idod

erm

a m

arin

um R

eman

e, 19

2616

, 51

clm

M, b

t, l,

sl24

9, 3

89X

enot

rich

ulid

ae

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 65

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Het

erox

enot

richu

la p

ygm

aea

Rem

ane,

1934

[Xen

otric

hula

]7,

35

nap,

? S

KM

, gw,

ls, e

h24

9Xe

notr

ichul

a in

term

edia

Rem

ane,

1934

[X. b

eauc

ham

pi]

12, 1

6, 1

8, 3

5na

m, ?

SK

M, g

w, if

, ls,

eh24

9, 3

89, 3

90M

acro

dasy

oide

aD

acty

lopo

dolid

aeD

endr

odas

ys p

ontic

us V

alka

nov,

1957

7, 3

5pm

M, g

w, if

, ls

249,

389

, 390

Mac

roda

syid

aeM

acro

dasy

s afr

icanu

s Rem

ane,

1950

[M. a

. var

. po

nticu

s Val

kano

v, 19

57]

7, 2

5, 3

5, 5

10-

2ap

iM

, ep,

gw,

ls24

9, 3

15Th

aum

asto

derm

atid

aeAc

anth

odas

ys a

culea

tus R

eman

e, 19

2716

, 25,

51

0-6

nam

niM

, bt,

ep, l

s, sl

s31

5, 3

89, 3

90Tu

rban

ellid

aeTu

rban

ella

corn

uta

Rem

ane,

1925

7, 2

5, 3

5, 5

10-

6cl

mM

, bt,

eh, e

p, ls

, sls

249,

389

, 390

Turb

anell

a po

ntica

Val

kano

v, 19

577,

35,

51

● p

M (B

), gw

, ps,

ls24

9, 3

15, 3

90N

EMAT

OD

A (N

EMAT

A)

Ade

noph

orea

Enop

lida

Ano

plos

tom

atid

aeAn

oplo

stom

a vi

vipa

rum

(Bas

tian,

186

5)7,

25,

27,

28

10, 1

20kc

lmM

, bt,

sl, p

s-s,

ms-

phs

121,

344

Ant

icom

idae

Antic

oma

acum

inat

a (E

bert

h, 1

863)

Ste

khov

en, 1

950

7am

inz

M, b

t12

1En

chel

idiid

aeSy

mpl

ocos

tom

a po

nticu

m F

ilipj

ev, 1

918

7, 2

512

-40-

mM

, bt,

mb,

sl, p

s-s

252,

347

Sym

ploc

osto

ma

tenu

icolle

(Ebe

rth,

186

3) [S

. lon

goco

lle]

7, 2

3, 2

4, 2

5, 7

6am

swp

M, b

t, eb

, slc

-zc,

ps-

s12

1, 3

41, 3

44Po

lyga

strop

hora

hex

abul

ba (F

ilipj

ev, 1

918)

16, 2

58-

9m

nz, ?

am

nzM

, bt,

ep, s

l, ps

252,

341

, 344

Eury

stom

ina

orna

ta (E

bert

h, 1

863)

7, 1

6, 2

4ba

mM

, bt,

ph34

1, 3

44Eu

rysto

min

a as

simili

s (de

Man

, 187

6)7,

23,

24,

25,

27

nam

rsM

, bt,

ph12

1, 3

41, 3

44En

oplid

aeEn

oplu

s litt

oral

is Fi

lipje

v, 19

181-

22, 3

5, 4

6, 4

9, 5

10.

2-0.

4cl

mM

, bt,

l, ps

, gw

341,

344

Enop

lus m

aeot

icus F

ilipj

ev, 1

916

1-22

, 35,

51

em, ?

mM

, bt,

l, ps

, gw

344

Enop

lus q

uadr

iden

tatu

s Ber

lin, 1

853

[E. e

uxin

us, E

. hirt

us]

7-16

, 24,

25

4, 8

0cl

mM

, bt,

ep, s

lc, p

h, p

s-s

121,

344

, 389

Enop

lus s

chul

zi G

erla

ch, 1

952

7, 1

3, 3

5cp

M, b

t, l,

gw, i

f36

3Ir

onid

ae

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

66 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Triss

onch

ulus

ben

epap

illos

us (S

chul

z, 19

35) [

Dol

ichol

aim

us, S

yrin

gola

imus

]7,

35

nam

niM

, bt,

l, gw

, if

362,

386

, 389

Triss

onch

ulus

oce

anus

Cob

b, 1

920

[Dol

ichol

aim

us n

udus

]7,

35

cmM

, bt,

l, gw

, if

362

Dol

ichol

aim

us p

lato

nova

e Sto

ikov

, 197

97,

35,

51

● p

M, b

t, l,

ls, p

s, gw

343,

344

Syrin

gola

imus

casp

ersi

Ger

lach

, 195

17,

76

cpM

, bt,

eh-7

0‰, s

, sls

121,

344

, 389

Lept

osom

atid

aeLe

ptos

omat

ides

euxi

nus F

ilipj

ev, 1

918

3, 2

825

-, 20

0cp

M, b

t, sh

b, s-

phs

252,

347

Lept

osom

atum

saba

ngen

se S

tein

er, 1

915

[L. b

acill

atum

, Pha

nogl

ene]

10, 2

80-

10-9

0aa

nam

ipM

, bt,

eb, p

hs, s

252,

338

, 344

Lept

osom

atum

pun

ctat

um (E

bert

h, 1

863)

3, 2

860

-100

mM

, bt,

hb, s

-phs

252,

347

Pseu

doce

lla sa

velje

vi (F

ilipj

ev, 1

927)

[Eno

ploi

des]

7, 2

5, 5

1cp

M, b

t, l,

ls, s

ls34

4O

ncho

laim

idae

Visc

osia

cobb

i Fili

pjev

, 191

816

, 20,

25

8-10

, 150

clm

M, b

t, ep

-eb,

sls,

s25

2, 3

38, 3

44Vi

scos

ia gl

abra

(Bas

tian,

186

5)7,

25

5-10

, 120

cclm

M, b

t, ep

-eb,

sls,

ps12

1, 3

44Vi

scos

ia m

inor

Fili

pjev

, 191

87,

25

● p

M, b

t, sl

s, ps

, r34

4Po

nton

ema

zern

ovi (

Filip

jev,

1916

) [O

ncho

laim

us v

ulga

ris,

Para

ncho

laim

us]

25, 2

7-6

0, 1

50●

pM

, bt,

eb-m

b, p

s, s

341,

344

Onc

hola

imell

us m

edite

rran

eus S

tekh

oven

, 194

213

, 35

cm, ?

clm

M, b

t, l,

ps, g

w, if

362

Onc

hola

imus

bre

vica

udat

us F

ilipj

ev, 1

918

7, 3

5, 5

123

0ca

lmM

, bt,

l, sl

, ps,

gw34

0, 3

44O

ncho

laim

us ca

mpy

loce

rcoi

des D

e Ko

ninc

k &

Sch

uurm

ans S

tekh

oven

, 193

32,

35,

51

80-1

50cc

lmM

, bt,

l, ls

, ps,

gw12

1, 3

40, 3

44O

ncho

laim

us co

nica

uda

Filip

jev,

1929

7, 3

5, 5

10.

3-1

clm

nwi

M, b

t, 12

‰, l

, ps,

gw25

2, 3

41, 3

44O

ncho

laim

us d

ujar

dini

i de

Man

, 187

83,

7, 2

5, 3

5, 5

10-

8, -2

30na

mnz

M, b

t, m

b, ls

, sls

, gw

121,

344

Oxy

stom

inid

aeO

xysto

min

a cla

vica

uda

(Fili

pjev

, 191

8)16

, 25

20●

pM

, bt,

ep, s

ls, p

s34

1, 3

44O

xysto

min

a elo

ngat

a (B

ütsc

hli,

1874

) [O

xysto

mat

ina]

7, 2

510

-25

cclm

M, b

t, ep

, sls

, ps,

s, ar

341,

344

Hal

alai

mus

pon

ticus

Fili

pjev

, 192

23,

28

68, -

100

● p

M, b

t, hb

, s-p

hs25

2, 3

47N

eman

ema

filifo

rme (

Filip

jev,

1918

) [O

xysto

ma]

10, 2

740

emM

, bt,

mb,

sl, p

e, s,

ps

252,

347

Rha

bdod

eman

iidae

Rhab

dode

man

ia p

ontic

a Pl

aton

ova,

196

527

, 28

30-1

50●

pM

, bt,

shb,

ms,

phs

344

Thor

acos

tom

opsi

dae

Enop

loid

es a

mph

ioxi

Fili

pjev

, 191

825

8-9

emM

, bt,

eb, e

u, p

s-pe

341,

344

Enop

loid

es a

lexan

drae

Uzu

nov,

1974

6, 7

, 35

0.8

● p

M, b

t, l,

ps, g

w, r

344,

361

Enop

loid

es b

revi

s Fili

pjev

, 191

828

75-1

20●

pM

, bt,

shb,

phs

, ms

344

Enop

loid

es ci

rrha

tus F

ilipj

ev, 1

918

[Bra

chio

nus]

7, 1

2, 1

6, 2

5, 2

7, 2

80-

60cp

M, b

t, eb

, l, s

l, eu

341,

344

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 67

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Enop

loid

es fl

uvia

tilis

Mik

olet

zky,

1923

[Bra

chio

nus]

58, 5

9, 6

0?

pM

-B, b

t, 0.

5-2‰

338

Enop

loid

es h

irsut

us F

ilipj

ev, 1

918

10, 2

7, 2

84-

100

● p

M, b

t, sl

, eb,

eu,

s25

2, 3

44M

esac

anth

ion

coni

cum

(Fili

pjev

, 191

8) [E

nopl

olai

mus

]7,

25,

27,

28

80●

pM

, bt,

sl, e

u, p

s-pe

252,

347

Oxy

onch

us d

ubiu

s (Fi

lipje

v, 19

18) [

Enop

lola

imus

]17

, 28

emM

, bt,

sl, p

hs25

2, 3

47To

brili

dae

Tobr

ilus g

racil

is (B

astia

n, 1

865)

[Tril

obus

]*6

8, *

79, 8

8(e

)L,

bt,

3‰37

4, 3

89Tr

ipyl

oidi

dae

Trip

yloi

des m

arin

us (B

ütsc

hli,

1874

)7,

23,

28,

33

0-10

0ba

mM

, bt,

eb, e

u, l,

sl, s

121,

389

Bath

ylai

mus

aus

tralis

Cob

b, 1

894

[B. a

ssim

ilis,

B. p

ontic

us]

7, 2

5am

, ? h

amM

, bt,

ps12

1, 3

44Ba

thyl

aim

us co

bbi F

ilipj

ev, 1

922

10, 2

5, 2

7, 2

8-1

00●

pM

, bt,

eb, m

s, ph

s, ps

341,

344

Bath

ylai

mus

filip

jevi

Sto

ikov

, 197

6 ?

7, 3

50.

4●

pM

, bt,

ps, l

s, gw

340,

344

Dor

ylai

mid

aD

oryl

aim

idae

(Qud

sian

emat

idae

)D

oryl

aim

us o

tman

liens

is U

zuno

v, 19

7413

● p

M, b

t, l,

ps, g

w, if

361

Dor

ylai

mus

stag

nalis

Duj

ardi

n, 1

845

58, 5

9, 6

0(e

)L,

bt,

0.5-

2‰33

7Eu

dory

laim

us ca

rter

i (Ba

stia

n, 1

865)

58, 5

9, 6

0(e

)L-

T, b

t, 0.

5-2‰

337

Eudo

ryla

imus

filip

jevi

(Ger

lach

, 195

1) [D

oryl

aim

us]

7, 2

4●

Er, p

M, b

t, sl

, ph

121

Croc

odor

ylai

mus

flav

omac

ulat

us (v

on L

inst

ow, 1

876)

[Lai

mid

orus

]58

, 59,

60

(e)

L, b

t, 0.

5-2‰

337

Chr

omad

orid

aC

eram

onem

atid

aePs

elion

ema

annu

latu

m (F

ilipj

ev, 1

922)

[Cer

aton

ema,

Ste

iner

ia]

3, 2

880

-100

nam

spM

, bt,

shb,

phs

252,

347

Chr

omad

orid

aeCh

rom

ador

ina

bioc

ulat

a (S

chul

tze,

1857

) [Ch

rom

ador

a]*6

8cp

, (cs

ee)

M-L

, bt,

1‰37

4, 3

89Ch

rom

ador

a nu

dica

pita

ta (B

astia

n, 1

865)

[Ch.

qua

drili

neat

a]7,

24

amnz

M, b

t, sl

c, p

s12

1Ch

rom

ador

ita d

eman

iana

Fili

pjev

, 192

225

80cp

, ? c

lpM

, bt,

sl, p

s12

1, 3

89Ch

rom

ador

ita le

ucka

rti (

de M

an, 1

876)

7-1

5, -1

40cp

M, b

t, ep

, sl,

ps12

1, 3

44, 3

89D

ichro

mad

ora

ceph

alat

a (S

tein

er, 1

916)

[Chr

omad

ora

crico

phan

a]7,

12,

25,

35,

51

0-2

clpn

zM

, bt,

eh, l

, sl,

ps, g

w25

2, 3

38, 3

44H

ypod

onto

laim

us b

altic

us (S

chne

ider

, 190

6)11

, 35

bap

M, b

t, l,

sl, p

s, gw

252,

362

Neo

chro

mad

ora

poec

iloso

moi

des (

Filip

jev,

1918

) [Ch

rom

ador

a, D

ichro

mad

ora]

7, 5

1-1

40cl

m, ?

vcl

mM

, bt,

l, ps

, slc

, zc

252,

347

Neo

chro

mad

ora

sabu

licol

a (F

ilipj

ev, 1

918)

[Chr

omad

ora]

3, 7

, 10,

20,

24,

25

120

p, ?

cp

M, b

t, eb

, pe,

ph,

ps

252,

342

, 344

Ptyc

hola

imell

us p

ontic

us (F

ilipj

ev, 1

922)

[Hyp

odon

tola

imus

]7,

25,

35,

51

0.6-

1, 5

0cl

m, ?

ccl

mM

, bt,

l, sl

, ps,

gw, r

344

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

68 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Spilo

phor

ella

euxi

na F

ilipj

ev, 1

918

7, 2

515

0em

M, b

t, sl

, ps,

eb12

1, 3

89C

yath

olai

mid

ae

Cyat

hola

imus

gra

cilis

(Ebe

rt, 1

863)

[C. d

eman

i]7-

16, 2

4, 2

5, 2

6, 2

7,

28-1

00, 1

20cl

mM

, bt,

eb, p

h, p

s, s,

r12

1, 3

44

Para

cant

honc

hus c

aecu

s (Ba

stia

n, 1

865)

[P. a

bnor

mis,

Cya

thol

aim

us]

3, 7

, 10,

13,

20,

27,

35

0-73

, 150

nam

nzM

, bt,

eb, e

u, p

h, p

s, s

342,

344

, 362

Ethm

olai

mid

aeEt

hmol

aim

us m

ultip

apill

atus

Par

amon

ov, 1

926

76●

pM

, bt,

eh-7

0‰,

121,

389

Des

mod

orid

aeAc

anth

opha

rynx

sim

ilis (

Alg

én, 1

932)

[Des

mod

ora,

? Sa

batie

ria o

rnat

a]11

, 35

pinz

M, b

t, l,

ps, g

w, if

362

Chro

mas

pirin

a po

ntica

Fili

pjev

, 191

816

, 25

cmM

, bt,

sls,

slc,

zc,

ps

252,

341

, 344

Des

mod

ora

pont

ica (F

ilipj

ev, 1

922)

3, 1

0, 2

5, 2

7, 2

8cl

mM

, bt,

eb, e

u, p

s, pe

, r25

2, 3

44Pr

odes

mod

ora

circu

lata

(Mic

olet

zky,

1913

)58

, 59,

60

lm, (

e)M

-B, b

t, 0.

5-2‰

337

Met

achr

omad

ora

aren

aria

Sto

ikov

, 197

925

8-9

● p

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

sls

343

Met

achr

omad

ora

cysto

seira

e Fili

pjev

, 191

8 [?

Ger

lach

et R

iem

ann,

197

3]24

● p

M, b

t, sl

, slc

252,

347

Met

achr

omad

ora

mac

rout

era

Filip

jev,

1918

16, 2

58-

9, 3

5●

pM

, bt,

ep-m

b, sl

, sls

252,

338

, 344

Ony

x pe

rfect

us C

obb,

189

17,

25

15-1

7cl

mM

, bt,

ep, s

l, sl

s25

2, 3

47Sp

irini

a pa

rasit

ifera

(Bas

tian,

186

5) [?

S. z

oste

rae F

ilipj

ev, 1

918]

7, 2

43.

5na

mim

M, b

t, ep

, sls

, slc

, zc

252,

344

Spiri

nia

sabu

licol

a (F

ilipj

ev, 1

918)

3, 1

0, 1

7, 2

7, 2

8●

pM

, bt,

eu, m

s, ph

s, r

252,

344

Des

mos

cole

cida

eD

esm

osco

lex la

evis

Kre

is, 1

938

[D. m

inut

us]

7, 7

81-

100

nam

imM

, bt,

eb, e

h, s,

phs

252,

344

, 347

Trico

ma

bace

scui

(Pal

adia

n &

And

riesc

u, 1

963)

[Des

mos

colex

, Qad

ricom

a]28

75-1

20●

pM

, bt,

shb,

phs

, r25

2, 3

44Ep

silo

nem

atid

aeBa

thye

psilo

nem

a pu

stula

tum

Ger

lach

, 195

2 [E

psilo

nem

a pu

stula

tum

pon

ticum

]7,

35,

51

0.2-

0.6

cm, ?

clm

M, b

t, l,

ls, g

w, r

252,

344

Lept

olai

mid

aeCa

mac

olai

mus

pon

tolit

tora

lis U

zuno

v, 19

7711

, 35

● p

M, b

t, ls

, gw

362

Mey

liida

eQ

uadr

icom

a eu

rycr

icus (

Filip

jev,

1922

) [D

esm

olor

enze

nia,

Des

mos

colex

]10

, 11,

25,

28

5-90

● p

M, b

t, eb

, sls

, phs

252,

344

, 347

Qua

drico

ma

loric

ata

Filip

jev,

1922

[Tric

oma]

10, 2

850

-100

● p

M, b

t, hb

, phs

, s25

2, 3

44Q

uadr

icom

a ste

iner

i Fili

pjev

, 192

2 [T

ricom

a eu

xini

ca]

7, 2

5-5

0●

pM

, bt,

mb,

ps-

pe25

2, 3

47M

onop

osth

iidae

Mon

opos

thia

costa

ta (B

astia

n, 1

865)

23, 2

4, 2

5am

iM

, bt,

ep, l

, sl,

ph25

2, 3

44, 3

47N

udor

a ste

iner

i (St

eine

r, 19

21)

13, 3

5cp

M, b

t, l,

gw, i

f, ps

252,

362

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 69

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Sela

chin

emat

idae

Choa

nola

imus

psa

mm

ophi

lus d

e M

an, 1

880

11, 3

5cl

mM

, bt,

l, gw

, if,

ps25

2, 3

62H

alich

oano

laim

us d

olich

urus

Ssa

wel

jev,

1912

[Hyp

oden

tola

imus

filic

auda

]7,

24

1-4,

140

clm

M, b

t, sl

c, p

h, p

hs, r

252,

344

Hal

ichoa

nola

imus

robu

stus (

Bast

ian,

186

5) [H

. cla

vica

uda]

7, 2

56-

10, 1

50ne

amin

zM

, bt,

sep,

sls,

ps25

2, 3

38, 3

44M

onhy

ster

ida

Axo

nola

imid

ae

Axo

nola

imus

pon

ticus

Fili

pjev

, 191

81-

22, *

68, 7

1, *

78,

*79,

84,

88,

93,

94

0-10

0cl

mM

, bt,

eh-1

-20‰

, sl,

eb, e

u, p

s, pe

, ph

121,

338

, 344

, 374

, 38

9A

xono

laim

us se

tosu

s Fili

pjev

, 191

87,

24,

25

-40

clm

M, b

t, m

b, p

s, pe

, slc

252,

344

Com

esom

atid

aeCo

mes

oma

steno

ceph

alum

Fili

pjev

, 191

83,

7, 1

0, 2

0, 2

7, 2

8●

pM

, bt,

ms,

phs,

sls,

eu25

2, 3

44Sa

batie

ria a

byss

alis

(Fili

pjev

, 191

8)

10, 2

7, 2

850

-100

mni

M, b

t, hb

, ms,

phs,

pe25

2, 3

38, 3

44Sa

batie

ria ce

ltica

Sou

ther

n, 1

914

[S. c

upid

a]7,

25,

26,

76

8am

nep,

? c

eM

, bt,

sls,

s, ps

, pe

252,

338

, 344

Saba

tieria

pul

chra

(Sch

neid

er, 1

906)

[S. v

ulga

ris]

24, 2

56-

10aa

mM

, bt,

ep, s

l, ps

, ph

252,

338

, 344

Linh

omoe

idae

Para

linho

moe

us fi

lifor

mis

(Fili

pjev

, 191

8) [L

inch

omoe

us]

25, 2

820

-100

cpM

, bt,

hb, s

ls, p

hs25

2, 3

47Pa

ralin

hom

oeus

tenu

icaud

atus

(Büt

schl

i, 18

74) [

P. o

strae

arum

]7,

25,

76

clm

M, b

t, sl

s, ps

, phs

, r25

2, 3

44Te

rsch

ellin

gia

long

icaud

ata

de M

an, 1

907

[T. a

nton

ovi]

7, 1

0, 2

5, 2

6aa

mni

M, b

t, hb

, pe,

ph,

ps

252,

338

, 344

Ters

chell

ingi

a po

ntica

Fili

pjev

, 191

87,

26,

27,

28

15-1

00●

pM

, bt,

eb, s

l, s,

pe25

2, 3

41, 3

44M

onhy

ster

idae

Mon

hyste

ra a

mpu

lloca

uda

Para

mon

ov, 1

926

51●

pM

, bt,

ps, l

s34

4M

onhy

stera

colla

ris F

ilipj

ev, 1

922

7, 2

6p

M, b

t, sl

, pe,

s, (s

ls),

r25

2, 3

44M

onhy

stera

filif

orm

is Ba

stia

n, 1

865

7, 7

6cl

m, ?

KM

, bt,

eh-0

-70‰

, eu

3, 1

21, 3

44, 3

89M

onhy

stera

par

va (B

astia

n, 1

865)

[M. a

ntar

ctica

, M. h

eter

opar

va, M

. kes

sinen

sis]

7am

niM

, bt

121,

389

Mon

hyste

ra ro

tund

icapi

tata

Fili

pjev

, 192

27,

24

-10

● p

M, b

t, ep

, sls

, slc

252,

342

, 344

Spha

erol

aim

idae

Spha

erol

aim

us m

acro

circu

lus F

ilipj

ev, 1

918

10, 2

5, 2

7, 2

859

clm

M, b

t, hb

, s, p

e, (p

s)25

2, 3

42, 3

44Sp

haer

olai

mus

ostr

eae F

ilipj

ev, 1

918

[S. m

aeot

icus]

7, 2

5, 2

759

em, ?

cm

M, b

t, m

b, p

s, pe

, r25

2, 3

41, 3

44Xy

alid

aeD

apto

nem

a ox

ycer

ca (d

e M

an, 1

888)

[Mon

hyste

ra, Th

erist

us]

7, 2

5ba

mM

, bt,

sep,

sls

121,

389

Para

mon

hyste

ra el

liptic

a Fi

lipje

v, 19

18 [P

. set

osa,

Lep

toga

strell

a]7,

25

lm, ?

clm

M, b

t, sl

, ps,

pe, p

h12

1, 3

89

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

70 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Ther

istus

litto

ralis

Fili

pjev

, 192

235

, 46

● p

M, b

t, l,

sp, g

w, if

252,

363

Ther

istus

long

icaud

atus

Fili

pjev

, 192

217

, 20,

25

ccp

M, b

t, sl

s, ps

525,

344

Mon

onch

ida

Mon

onch

idae

Mon

onch

us tr

unca

tus B

astia

n, 1

865

58, 5

9, 6

0(e

, ? k

)L,

0.5

-2‰

, bt

337

Sece

rnen

tea

Dip

loga

ster

ida

Dip

loga

stri

dae

Dip

loga

ster r

ival

is (L

eydi

ng, 1

854)

*68,

*69

, 93

(e)

L, 3

‰37

4, 3

75, 3

89Rh

abdi

tida

Rha

bditi

dae

Rhab

ditis

mar

ina

Bast

ian,

186

511

, 35

nam

nz, (

e)M

(L),

bt, l

, gw,

if25

2, 3

62Ty

lenc

hida

Cri

cone

mat

idae

Mes

ocric

onem

a xe

nopl

ax (R

aski

, 195

2)48

, 76

(ea,

? h

a)T

119

CEP

HA

LOR

Hy

NC

HA

Kin

orh

ynch

aCy

clor

hagi

daC

entr

oder

idae

Cent

rode

res s

pino

sus (

Rein

hard

, 188

1) [E

chin

oder

es]

1-22

-128

lmM

, bt,

shb,

phs

, pe

229,

249

Echi

node

rida

eEc

hino

dere

s agi

gens

Bac

escu

, 196

8 [E

. duj

ardi

nii]

1-22

, 24,

25,

35

1-8,

80

mM

, bt,

ep, g

w, if

, s, s

lr22

9, 2

49H

omal

orha

gida

Pycn

ophy

idae

Pycn

ophy

es k

ielen

sis Z

elin

ka, 1

928

25, 2

615

-cl

mM

, bt,

sl, p

s-pe

, s22

9, 2

49Py

cnop

hyes

pon

ticus

(Rei

nhar

d, 1

881)

[Ech

inod

eres

]1-

22, 2

6, 2

710

-40

mM

, bt,

mb,

s, p

e22

9, 2

49R

OTI

FER

A (R

OTA

TOR

IA)

Euro

tato

ria

Adi

neti

daA

dine

tidae

Adin

eta

barb

ata

Jans

on, 1

893

96(s

k)L,

l20

9, 3

74

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 71

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Adin

eta

vaga

(Dav

is, 1

873)

96(k

)L,

10‰

106,

209

, 389

Phil

odin

ida

Hab

rotr

ochi

dae

Hab

rotro

cha

angu

stico

llis (

Mur

ray,

1905

)96

(k)

L20

9, 3

73Ph

ilodi

nida

ePh

ilodi

na ci

trin

a Eh

renb

erg,

183

259

, 60,

*68

(k)

L, 2

.3‰

, l, p

h20

9, 2

80, 3

74, 3

89Ph

ilodi

na ro

seol

a Eh

renb

erg,

183

2 [P

h. ci

nnab

arin

a]33

, 60,

96

lmnz

, (k)

M-L

, l, p

, ph

106,

209

, 389

Rota

ria ci

trin

a (E

hren

berg

, 183

8)96

(sk)

L-B

, l20

9Ro

taria

rota

toria

(Pal

las,

1766

) [Ro

tifer

vul

gari

s]*6

8, *

79, *

86, 9

6(k

), ?

lmnz

L-B

, 10‰

, l, p

h20

9, 3

74, 3

89Ro

taria

tard

igra

da (E

hren

berg

, 183

2)49

? lm

, (k)

L-B

, 18‰

, p, l

, ph

146,

209

Ploi

ma

Asp

lanc

hnid

aeA

spla

nchn

a gi

rodi

de

Gue

rne,

1888

78(k

)L-

B, p

209,

293

Asp

lanc

hna

prio

dont

a G

osse

, 185

077

, 78,

79

? ac

e, (k

)L,

17.

3‰, p

, eu,

sw19

2, 1

93, 2

09, 2

93A

spla

nchn

a sie

bold

ii (L

eydi

g, 1

854)

59, 6

0(k

)L,

5‰

, p28

0Br

achi

onid

aeAn

urae

opsis

fiss

a G

osse

, 185

1 [A

. hyp

elasm

a]60

, *69

, 71

? lm

nz, (

k)L-

B, 5

‰, p

209,

280

, 374

, 389

Brac

hion

us a

ngul

aris

Gos

se, 1

851

58, 5

9, 6

0, *

68, *

69,

77, 7

8, 7

9, 8

0, 9

6ha

m, (

k)L-

B, 5

‰, p

, sw

193,

209

, 280

, 293

, 37

4, 3

89Br

achi

onus

ben

nini

Lei

sslin

g, 1

924

78(s

k)L,

p, s

w20

9, 2

93Br

achi

onus

bud

apes

tinen

sis D

aday

, 188

5 [B

. sim

ilis]

96(p

pta,

? k

)L,

sw20

9

Brac

hion

us ca

lycifl

orus

Pal

las,

1776

[B. a

mph

icero

s, B.

dor

cas,

B. p

ala]

58, 5

9, 6

0, *

68, *

69,

71, 7

7, 7

8, 7

9, 8

0, 9

6?

ham

, (k)

L, 5

‰, p

, sw

160,

190

, 193

, 209

, 27

8, 2

93. 3

74, 3

89Br

achi

onus

div

ersic

orni

s (D

aday

, 188

3)58

, 78

clm

, (sk

)L,

p, s

w20

9, 2

78, 2

93Br

achi

onus

falca

tus Z

acha

rias,

1898

59(?

sk)

L, p

, sw

280

Brac

hion

us fo

rficu

la W

ierz

eysk

i, 18

9160

(ppt

a)L,

p, s

w28

0Br

achi

onus

leyd

igii

Coh

n, 1

862

59, 6

0, 9

6(p

pta)

L, p

, sw

209,

280

Brac

hion

us p

licat

ilis M

ülle

r, 17

86 [B

. mül

leri]

29, 3

3, 4

9, 5

8, 6

2, 6

4,

*68,

*69

, 76,

77-

*79,

84

, *86

, 88

ham

, (k)

M-B

, 6-2

0‰, e

h, p

105,

106

, 190

, 207

, 37

4, 3

89

Brac

hion

us q

uadr

iden

tatu

s Her

man

n, 1

783

[B. b

aker

i]58

-60,

*68

, 77,

*86

, 92

, 96

ham

, (k)

L, 3

-16‰

, l, p

209,

278

, 280

, 374

, 38

9Br

achi

onus

rube

ns E

hren

berg

, 183

869

, 96

? kc

lm, (

sk)

L, p

160,

209

, 373

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

72 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Brac

hion

us u

rceo

lari

s Mül

ler,

1773

58, 6

0, *

68, 7

7-80

, 96

bam

, (k)

L, 4

.3-1

5‰, e

h, p

190,

209

, 293

, 374

, 38

9Ke

llico

ttia

long

ispin

a (K

ellic

ott,

1879

)60

ace

L, p

, sw

279,

280

Kera

tella

coch

leari

s (G

osse

, 185

1) [A

nura

ea]

7, 5

8, 5

9, 6

0, *

68,

*69,

77,

78,

79,

80

anam

np, (

sk)

L-B

, 10-

16‰

, eh,

p,

sw19

3, 2

09, 2

78, 2

80,

293,

317

, 319

, 389

Kera

tella

cruc

iform

is (Th

omps

on, 1

892)

29, 9

6cl

p, (h

)B

-M, p

209,

212

Kera

tella

hie

mal

is C

arlin

, 194

358

, 60,

96

(hna

t)L,

sw20

9, 2

80Ke

rate

lla ir

regu

lari

s (La

uter

born

, 189

8)60

, 96

(hna

t, ?

h)L,

sw20

9, 2

80

Kera

tella

qua

drat

a (M

ülle

r, 17

86) [

Anur

aea

acul

eata

]58

-60,

*68

, 71,

77,

78

-80,

92

ace,

(k)

L, 0

.5-6

‰, p

, sw

190,

252

, 278

, 280

, 37

4, 3

89Ke

rate

lla te

cta

(Gos

se, 1

851)

59, 7

8cp

wp,

(k)

L, p

, sw

209,

293

Kera

tella

testu

do (E

hren

berg

, 183

2)60

, 96

lm, (

hat)

L, p

, sw

209,

280

Kera

tella

trop

ica (A

pste

in, 1

907)

58, 5

9, 6

0lm

, (k)

, iL-

B, i

s, p,

sw20

9, 2

10, 2

80Ke

rate

lla v

alga

(Ehr

enbe

rg, 1

834)

58, 5

9, 7

7, 7

9, 8

0, 9

6lm

, (k)

L-B

, p, s

w19

3, 2

09, 2

78

Not

holca

acu

min

ata

(Ehr

enbe

rg, 1

832)

[N. b

ipal

ium

var

. acu

min

ata]

60, *

69, 7

7-*7

9, 8

5,

*86,

88

neam

j, (p

at)

L-B

, 0.1

-18‰

, p, s

w20

9, 2

58, 2

80, 3

74

Not

holca

labi

s Gos

se, 1

887

77ne

amj,

(dp)

L, 2

5-54

‰, p

, eh

258

Not

holca

squa

mul

a (M

ülle

r, 17

86) [

Brac

hion

us]

58, 6

0lm

nz, (

? k)

L-B

, 2‰

, p, s

w20

9, 2

52, 2

78, 2

80N

otho

lca st

riata

(Mül

ler,

1786

) [Br

achi

onus

]33

, *69

, *78

neam

wp,

(hna

)M

-B-L

, 10-

13‰

, p10

5, 1

06, 3

74, 3

89D

icra

noph

orid

aeD

icran

opho

rus b

ulga

ricus

Alth

aus,

1957

16, 3

5●

pM

, bt,

ps, g

w, if

2, 2

09, 2

49, 3

92D

icran

opho

rus f

orcip

atus

(Mül

ler,

1786

) [Ce

rcar

ia, N

otom

mat

a]60

, 96

bam

, (k)

L-B

, bt,

l, ph

209,

280

Dicr

anop

horu

s ros

tratu

s (D

ixon

-Nut

tall

& F

reem

an, 1

902)

[Dig

lena

coen

ura]

*69

bam

, (h)

L, 3

‰, l

374,

389

Ence

ntru

m a

rena

rium

Alth

aus,

1957

16, 3

5●

pM

, bt,

l, ps

, gw,

if2,

209

, 249

, 392

Ence

ntru

m m

arin

um (D

ujar

din,

184

1) [F

urcu

laria

]13

, 32,

33,

35

cacp

nz, (

h)M

-B-L

, 30‰

, l, s

p, if

106,

188

, 209

, 249

, 38

9, 3

92En

cent

rum

psa

mm

ophi

lum

Alth

aus,

1957

7, 3

5cl

pM

, bt,

l, ps

, gw,

if2,

209

, 249

, 392

Ence

ntru

m st

riatu

m A

lthau

s, 19

577,

34,

35

calp

M, b

t, l,

ps, g

w, if

2, 2

09, 2

49, 3

92En

cent

rum

val

kano

vi A

lthau

s, 19

577,

35

● p

M, b

t, l,

ps, g

w, if

2, 1

11, 2

09, 2

49, 3

92Eu

chla

nida

eEu

chla

nis d

ilata

ta E

hren

berg

, 183

259

, 60,

*68

, *79

nam

ep, (

k)L,

2.5

‰, p

, ph,

sw20

9, 3

74, 3

89Eu

chla

nis l

yra

Hud

son,

188

660

(? h

nata

)L,

0.8

‰, p

, sw

280

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 73

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Euch

lani

s oro

pha

Gos

se, 1

887

59(e

, ? k

)L,

0.8

‰, p

, sw

280

Euch

lani

s pyr

iform

is G

osse

, 185

177

(e, ?

sk)

L, p

, sw

258

Trip

leuch

lani

s plic

ata

(Lev

ande

r, 18

94)

59na

mne

p, (s

k)B

-L, 0

.8‰

, p, s

w28

0Le

cani

dae

Leca

ne a

lthau

si Ru

desc

u, 1

960

35(?

sk)

L-B

, l, p

s, gw

, if

209,

249

Leca

ne cl

oste

roce

rca

(Sch

mar

da, 1

859)

58, 5

9, 6

0cp

nz, (

sk)

L-B

, 0.8

-2‰

, p, s

w20

9, 2

80Le

cane

cope

is (H

arrin

g &

Mye

rs, 1

926)

[Mon

osty

la]

96(h

n)L,

p, s

w20

9, 3

72, 3

73Le

cane

corn

uta

(Mül

ler,

1786

) [M

onos

tyla

]*6

8, *

69(h

n)L,

3‰

, l, p

h, sw

249,

374

, 389

Leca

ne fu

rcat

a (M

urra

y, 19

13) [

Mon

osty

la]

58, 5

9, 6

0(s

k)L,

p, s

w20

9, 2

80Le

cane

lam

ellat

a (D

aday

, 189

3) [M

onos

tyla

]76

, *86

, 88

(h)

L-B

, 1-1

2‰, p

374,

389

Leca

ne lu

na (M

ülle

r, 17

76) [

Cath

ypna

]60

, *68

, *79

nam

nz, (

? k)

L-B

, 2‰

, p20

9, 2

80, 3

74, 3

89Le

cane

luna

ris (

Ehre

nber

g, 1

832)

59(k

)L-

B, 0

.5-2

‰, p

280

Lepa

delli

dae

Lepa

della

ova

lis (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

86)

33na

m, (

k)L-

B-M

, 12‰

, l10

6, 2

09, 3

89Le

pade

lla p

atell

a (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

73) [

Met

opid

ia o

blon

ga, S

quam

ella]

59, 6

0, *

68, 7

6, 9

6an

tam

p, ?

skL-

B, 2

‰, p

209,

280

, 374

, 389

Lepa

della

pon

tica

Alth

aus,

1957

7, 3

5●

pM

, bt,

ps, s

ls2,

249

Colu

rella

adr

iatic

a Eh

renb

erg,

183

1 [C

olur

us le

ptus

]13

, 33,

58,

59,

60,

*6

8, *

69, *

79, *

86,

88, 9

0, 9

3, 9

4

nam

swp,

? S

K,

(k)

M-B

-L, 1

5‰, p

, l10

6, 1

88, 2

09, 2

80,

374,

389

Colu

rella

colu

rus (

Ehre

nber

g, 1

831)

[Mon

ura

lonc

here

s, Co

luru

s]13

, 33,

35,

*69

, 76,

*8

6, 8

8, 9

6na

msw

p, ?

K,

SK, (

k)M

-B-L

, 5-1

5‰, b

t-p,

l, gw

, if

104,

106

, 188

, 209

, 37

4, 3

89Co

lure

lla m

arin

ovi A

lthau

s, 19

577,

16,

34

● p

M, b

t, 12

‰, l

, ps

2, 2

09, 2

49, 3

89? C

olur

ella

mon

odac

tilos

Alth

aus,

1957

[? u

ndet

erm

ined

cilia

te]

7, 2

5●

pM

, bt,

12‰

, l, p

s2,

249

, 392

Colu

rella

obt

usa

(Gos

se, 1

886)

96cl

mnz

, (k)

M-B

-L, p

, sw

209

Colu

rella

unc

inat

a (M

ülle

r, 17

73) [

Colu

rus b

icusp

idat

us, B

rach

ionu

s]na

mnz

, (k)

M-L

, 9‰

, p, l

, ph

209

Squa

tinell

a lo

ngisp

inat

a (T

atem

, 186

7) [S

teph

anop

s]96

(hoa

)L-

B, p

209,

373

Lind

iidae

Lind

ia te

cusa

Har

ring

& M

yers

, 192

2 [H

alod

igm

a, H

alol

indi

a]49

, *69

clp

M, 1

2-13

‰, b

t, l

111,

209

, 249

, 374

Mic

roco

dida

eM

icroc

odon

clav

us E

hren

berg

, 183

096

(h, ?

k)

L, p

, sw

209,

373

, 374

, 389

Myt

ilini

dae

Myt

ilina

ven

tralis

(Ehr

enbe

rg, 1

830)

[Sal

pina

]59

, 60,

96

(hno

)L-

B, p

, 0.8

‰, s

w, l

209,

280

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

74 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Not

omm

atid

aeM

onom

mat

a ae

qual

is (E

hren

berg

, 183

0) [N

otom

mat

a]*6

8, 9

6(h

noa)

L, 1

‰, p

, sw

209,

372

, 373

, 389

Ceph

alod

ella

auric

ulat

a (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

73) [

Dia

schi

za la

cinul

ata]

*68,

96

(hno

a)L-

B, b

t, l,

ph, s

w20

9, 2

49, 3

74Ce

phal

odell

a ca

telli

na (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

86)

33, 5

9, 6

0, *

69, 9

6K

, (k)

L-B

, 12‰

, eh,

bt,

l10

5, 1

07, 2

09, 2

49Ce

phal

odell

a gi

bba

(Ehr

enbe

rg, 1

830)

[Fur

cula

ria]

96lm

, (k)

L, p

209,

389

Ceph

alod

ella

hood

ii (G

osse

, 188

6) [D

iasc

hiza

]96

(ho)

L, p

, ph

209,

372

Ceph

alod

ella

reim

anni

Don

ner,

1950

79, 9

6(h

op)

L20

9, 3

73, 3

74Ce

phal

odell

a ve

ntrip

es (D

ixon

-Nut

tall,

190

1)59

, 60

(hna

)L,

p, s

w20

9, 2

80Pr

oalid

aePr

oales

com

mut

ata

Alth

aus,

1957

7, 3

5●

pM

, bt,

ps2,

209

, 249

Proa

les h

alop

hila

Rem

ane,

1929

[P. g

lobu

lifer

a ha

loph

ilus]

7, 3

5cl

pM

-B, b

t, l,

ps, g

w, if

104,

209

, 249

Proa

les re

inha

rdti

(Ehr

enbe

rg, 1

834)

[Fur

cula

ria]

13, 3

5cl

pM

, bt-p

, ps,

ph, g

w, if

188,

209

, 212

, 314

Proa

les si

mili

s de

Beau

cham

p, 1

907

32, 3

3p,

(hpt

a)M

-B, 1

0‰, b

t, l

106,

209

, 249

, 389

Sync

haet

idae

Sync

haet

a ba

ltica

Ehr

enbe

rg, 1

834

*69

nam

nzM

-B, 1

2‰, p

317,

389

Sync

haet

a ce

cilia

Rou

ssel

et, 1

902

59, 6

0, *

69ba

msw

pM

-B, 0

.5-1

2‰, p

105,

209

, 280

, 317

, 37

4, 3

89Sy

ncha

eta

gyrin

a H

ood,

188

733

clp

M-B

, 12‰

, p10

6, 3

89Sy

ncha

eta

neap

olita

na R

ouss

elet

, 190

229

clm

nzM

, p10

9, 1

94, 2

01, 2

09Sy

ncha

eta

oblo

nga

Ehre

nber

g, 1

831

77ba

m, (

k)L,

1.8

‰, p

258

Sync

haet

a pe

ctin

ata

Ehre

nber

g, 1

832

7, 5

9, 6

0, 7

6, 7

7, 8

0am

nz, (

sk)

M-B

-L, e

h, p

209,

280

, 319

Sync

haet

a po

ntica

Rod

ewal

d-Ru

desc

u, 1

960

?29

● p

M, 1

4‰, p

109,

111

, 201

, 209

Sync

haet

a sty

lata

Wie

rzej

ski,

1893

*68,

*69

nam

nz, (

k)B

-L, 1

0‰, p

, l10

5, 2

09, 3

74, 3

89Sy

ncha

eta

tavi

na H

ood,

189

333

clp,

(ha)

M-B

, 12‰

, p, l

106,

389

Sync

haet

a tre

mul

a (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

86)

*69

nam

nz, (

k)M

-B-L

, p, e

h, l

105,

209

, 389

Sync

haet

a vo

rax

Rous

sele

t, 19

027,

13,

29,

*69

, 76,

77,

78

, 80

clm

, (h)

M-B

, 12‰

, p10

5, 1

90, 1

91, 2

49,

289,

317

, 389

, 398

Poly

arth

ra d

olich

opte

ra Id

elso

n, 1

925

[P. p

laty

pter

a]59

, 60,

*68

, 71,

77,

*7

9, 7

8, 8

8, 9

6cl

m, (

k)L-

B, 0

.8‰

, p, β

209,

280

, 293

, 374

Poly

arth

ra lo

ngire

mis

Car

lin, 1

943

58, 6

0(s

k)L,

0.8

‰, p

209,

278

, 280

Poly

arth

ra m

ajor

Bur

ckha

rdt,

1900

78(s

k)L,

p20

9, 2

93Po

lyar

thra

rem

ata

Skor

ikov

, 189

659

, 78,

79,

80

clp,

(sk)

L-B

, 16.

8‰, p

, β19

2, 1

93, 2

52, 2

80

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 75

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Poly

arth

ra v

ulga

ris C

arlin

, 194

358

, 78,

79,

80

clm

, (k)

L-B

, 0.5

‰, p

, β19

2, 2

09, 2

78, 2

93Pl

oeso

ma

huds

oni (

Imho

f, 18

91)

77cl

m, (

e)B

-L, 2

4-58

‰, p

, eh

258

Tric

hoce

rcid

aeTr

ichoc

erca

agn

atha

Wul

fert

, 193

978

(pat

a)L,

p20

9, 2

93Tr

ichoc

erca

muc

osa

(Sto

kes,

1896

) [M

astig

ocer

ca]

78, 9

6(h

)L,

p20

9, 2

93Tr

ichoc

erca

mus

culu

s (H

auer

, 193

7) [D

iure

lla]

60(h

ata)

L, p

, sw

209,

280

Trich

ocer

ca p

orce

llus (

Gos

se, 1

851)

96

nam

nz, (

k)B

-L, p

209

Trich

ocer

ca p

usill

a (J

enni

ngs,

1903

) [Ra

ttulu

s]58

, 78

nam

nz, (

k)B

-L, 2

‰, p

209,

278

, 293

Trich

ocer

ca si

mili

s (W

ierz

ejsk

i, 18

93)

59ne

amnz

, (k)

L, 0

.5-0

.8‰

, p20

9, 2

80Tr

ichoc

erca

styl

ata

(Gos

se, 1

851)

[Mon

ocer

ca]

58K

, (k)

L, 2

‰, p

209

Trich

ocer

ca te

nuio

r (G

osse

, 188

6) [D

iure

lla]

*68

(k)

L, 1

‰, p

209,

374

, 389

Tric

hotr

iidae

Trich

otria

tetra

ctis

(Ehr

enbe

rg, 1

830)

[Din

ocha

ris]

96na

mnz

, (k)

M-B

-L, p

209

Mac

roch

aetu

s sub

quad

ratu

s (Pe

rty,

1850

) [D

inoc

hari

s, Po

lych

aetu

s]96

(k)

L-B

, p20

9, 3

73Fl

oscu

lari

ida

Con

ochi

lidae

Cono

chilu

s hip

pocr

epis

(Sch

rank

, 180

3) [L

inza

]96

(k)

L-B

, p20

9Tr

icho

spha

erid

aeFi

linia

long

iseta

(Ehr

enbe

rg, 1

834)

[Tria

rthr

a]58

, 59,

60,

77,

79,

80

clm

, (k)

L-B

, 0.8

-15‰

, p, s

w19

3, 2

52, 2

78, 2

80Fi

linia

term

inal

is (P

late

, 188

6) [T

riart

hra]

59, 6

0cl

m, (

k)L-

B, 0

.8‰

, p, s

w20

9, 2

80Fl

oscu

lari

idae

Beau

cham

pia

cruc

iger

a (D

utro

chet

, 181

2) [C

epha

losip

hon

cand

idus

, Rot

ifer]

79(e

, ? k

)L-

B, p

209,

373

Hex

arth

rida

eH

exar

thra

fenn

ica (L

evan

der,

1892

) [Pe

dalia

]33

, *69

, *74

, *78

, 88

amsw

p, (k

)M

-B, 5

-50‰

, p, e

h10

5, 1

06, 3

17, 3

89H

exar

thra

mira

(Hud

son,

184

1) [P

edal

ion]

59, 6

0, 7

7, 8

0, 9

6na

mnz

, (k)

M-B

-L, p

, eh

209,

280

Hex

arth

ra o

xyur

is (S

erno

v, 19

03) [

Peda

lia]

7, *

69(k

)L-

B, 1

0-15

‰, p

, eh

317,

319

, 38

9Te

stud

inel

lidae

Testu

dine

lla cl

ypea

ta (M

ülle

r, 17

86) [

Brac

hion

us, P

tero

dina

clip

eata

]29

, 32,

33,

*78

, *79

clm

, (h)

M-B

, 7-1

9.5‰

, bt,

p10

6, 2

01, 3

74, 3

89Te

studi

nella

obs

cura

Alth

aus,

1957

7, 3

5ca

lmM

, bt,

ps, g

w, if

2, 2

09, 2

49Te

studi

nella

pat

ina

(Her

man

n, 1

783)

59, 7

7am

nz, (

k)M

-L, 0

.8‰

, p-b

t, l,

s28

0Po

mph

olyx

com

plan

ata

Gos

se, 1

851

59, 6

0, 7

8(e

, ? k

)L,

0.5

-0.8

‰, p

280,

293

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

76 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

AN

NEL

IDA

Poly

chae

tapl

ankt

on la

rvae

Phyl

lodo

cida

Phyl

lodo

cida

ePh

yllo

doce

mac

ulat

a (L

inna

eus,

1767

)25

, 27,

28

0-10

0ab

ambp

M, b

t, eb

, pe,

ms,

phs

245,

249

Phyl

lodo

ce m

ucos

a Ö

rste

d, 1

843

3-8,

13,

25,

28,

69

15-1

00an

amne

pM

, bt,

eb, p

s-pe

, ms

219,

245

, 249

, 389

Gen

etyl

lis tu

berc

ulat

a (B

obre

tzky

, 186

8) [P

hyllo

doce

rubi

gino

sa]

2, 5

, 7, 1

1, 1

2, 1

3, 1

6,

24, 2

70-

70lm

, ? e

m, ?

pM

, bt,

eh, m

b, sl

c, m

s67

, 91,

84,

219

,389

Ner

eiph

ylla

rubi

gino

sa (S

aint

-Jos

eph,

188

8) [P

hyllo

doce

rubi

gino

sa]

692.

5-10

clm

M, b

t, ps

-pe

358

Eula

lia v

iridi

s (Jo

hnst

on, 1

829)

[Phy

llodo

ce]

11, 1

3, 2

40-

30an

amip

M, b

t, ep

, slc

, slr,

mc

91, 2

45, 2

49

Eum

ida

sang

uine

a (Ö

rste

d, 1

843)

[Eul

alia

]6,

7, 2

4, 2

5, 6

91-

25am

ipM

, bt,

eh, e

p, p

s-s-

ph84

, 219

, 245

, 249

, 35

8, 3

74Si

ge m

acro

cero

s (G

rube

, 186

0) [E

ulal

ia, P

tero

cirru

s]11

, 12,

24

0-23

nam

npM

, bt,

ep, p

h, sl

r, ps

91, 2

45, 2

49, 3

89

Mys

ta p

icta

(Qua

tref

ages

, 186

5) [E

teon

e arm

ata]

13, *

69, 2

51-

5, 2

5cl

mM

, bt,

sep,

ps-

pe-m

c84

, 91,

219

, 235

, 24

5, 2

49, 3

89Ps

eudo

mys

tides

lim

bata

(Sai

nt-J

osep

h, 1

888)

[Mys

tides

]6,

25

1an

clm

M, b

t, se

p, p

s, ph

, r21

9, 2

45, 2

49, 3

89H

esio

nura

coin

eaui

(Lau

bier

, 196

2) [E

teon

ides

, Mys

tides

]25

, 35

-15

nam

nep

M, b

t, se

p, p

s, gw

180,

226

, 245

, 249

Poly

noid

aeH

arm

otho

e ext

enua

ta (G

rube

, 184

0) [L

agisc

a]25

, 26

0-35

, 50

anam

nep

M, b

t, m

b, p

s-pe

, phc

245,

249

Har

mot

hoe i

mbr

icata

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

67)

24, 2

5, 6

9, 7

60-

25, 7

0an

amin

p, ?

KM

, bt,

mb,

slr,

ps, s

84, 1

80, 2

45, 3

58H

arm

otho

e im

par (

John

ston

, 183

9)7,

69

2.5-

18an

amM

, bt,

ep35

8H

arm

otho

e ret

icula

ta (C

lapa

rède

, 187

0)7,

12,

24,

25,

27

0-80

clm

M, b

t, m

b, p

h-pe

-ps

84, 9

1, 2

19, 2

45M

alm

gren

iella

lunu

lata

(Del

le C

hiaj

e, 18

30) [

Har

mot

hoe]

76am

nep

M, b

t, eh

, s11

9, 3

96Po

lyno

e sco

lope

ndrin

a Sa

vign

y, 18

2211

, 12,

13,

23,

24

0-10

clm

M, b

t, ep

, slr,

slz,

r91

, 245

Phol

oida

ePh

oloe

inor

nata

John

ston

, 183

9 [P

h. sy

noph

thal

mica

]7,

24,

25,

26

5-30

, 130

ace

M, b

t, eb

, slr,

sls,

s84

, 180

, 245

, 249

Siga

lioni

dae

Sthe

nela

is bo

a (J

ohns

ton,

183

3) [S

igal

ion]

13, 2

3, 2

4, 2

50-

3am

iwp

M, b

t, se

p, sl

s, sl

z24

5, 2

49Pi

sion

idae

Pisio

ne re

mot

a (S

outh

ern,

191

4) [P

raeg

eria

]7,

17,

19,

35,

51

0-0.

50na

mrs

nep

M, b

t, ls

, ps,

gw22

6, 2

45, 2

49H

esio

nida

e

Hes

ioni

des a

rena

ria F

riedr

ich,

193

77,

11,

25,

35,

51

0-10

amin

wp

M, b

t, se

p, sl

s, ps

, gw

, ■11

4, 2

19, 2

45, 2

49,

387,

389

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 77

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Micr

opht

halm

us fr

agili

s Bob

retz

ky, 1

870

7, 1

3, 2

5, 3

5, 5

10-

10vc

lmM

, bt,

sep,

ls, s

ls21

9, 2

45, 2

49, 3

89M

icrop

htha

lmus

scze

lkow

ii M

etsc

hnik

ow, 1

865

7, 2

5, 2

710

-30,

70

nam

npM

, bt,

ep, s

ls, m

s23

4, 2

45, 2

52M

icrop

htha

lmus

sim

ilis B

obre

tzky

, 187

013

, 25,

51

0-10

nam

M, b

t, se

p, l,

sls,

slr

219,

245

, 249

, 389

Sylli

dae

Hap

losy

llis s

pong

icola

(Gru

be, 1

855)

[Syl

lis]

17, 2

4, 5

0K

M, b

t, ep

, ph,

l, sl

, r22

1, 2

45, 2

49, 3

92Sy

llis g

racil

is G

rube

, 184

07,

24,

25,

50

1-17

KM

, bt,

sep,

ph,

lt, s

ls21

9, 2

45, 2

49, 3

89Sy

llis h

yalin

a G

rube

, 186

37,

24,

25

-30

KM

, bt,

ep, p

s, ph

, r23

4, 2

45, 2

49, 3

92Sy

llis p

rolif

era

Cro

hn, 1

852

7, 1

1, 1

3, 2

4, 2

50-

12K

M, b

t, ep

, slr,

mc,

sls

91, 2

19, 2

45, 2

49Am

blyo

sylli

s for

mos

a (C

lapa

rède

, 186

3) [P

tero

sylli

s]69

, 84

amin

wp,

? K

M, b

t10

2, 2

47, 2

49, 2

52St

rept

osyl

lis v

aria

ns W

ebst

er &

Ben

edic

t, 18

8711

, 25

5-10

bap

M, b

t, se

p, sl

s, ps

245,

249

, 392

Sylli

des l

ongo

cirra

tus (

Örs

ted,

184

5)7,

20,

49

0.5-

17na

mip

M, b

t, se

p, sl

r, r

221,

245

, 249

, 392

Nud

isylli

s pul

liger

a (K

rohn

, 185

2) [P

iono

sylli

s]11

, 24,

25,

26,

27

0-60

clm

M, b

t, m

b, p

h, p

s, s

221,

245

, 392

Neo

petit

ia a

mph

opht

halm

a (S

iew

ing,

195

6) [P

etiti

a]7,

16,

17,

35,

51

cst

M, b

t, 4-

7‰, l

s, gw

238,

245

, 249

, 252

Salv

ator

ia cl

avat

a (C

lapa

rède

, 186

3) [G

rube

a]2,

3, 5

, 7, 8

, 24,

69

0-17

amrs

, ? K

M, b

t, ep

, ph,

slr

84, 2

19, 2

45, 2

49Sa

lvat

oria

lim

bata

(Cla

parè

de, 1

868)

[Gru

bea]

7, 2

5, 6

8cl

m, ?

clm

rsM

, bt,

ps-p

e, p

h21

9, 2

45, 3

89Sa

lvat

oria

tenu

icirr

ata

(Cla

parè

de, 1

864)

[Gru

bea]

13, 2

41-

30kl

mM

, bt,

ep, s

lr-ph

91, 2

45, 3

89Sp

haer

osyl

lis b

ulbo

sa S

outh

ern,

191

41-

22, 2

5, 2

6, 2

7, 2

85-

105

nam

M, b

t, eb

, ps-

pe22

1, 2

45, 2

49, 3

92Sp

haer

osyl

lis h

ystr

ix C

lapa

rède

, 186

310

, 13,

17

17-4

7SK

M, b

t, eb

, ps,

pe, e

t35

6Ex

ogon

e nai

dina

Örs

ted,

184

5 [E

. gem

mife

ra, P

aedo

phyl

ax cl

avig

er]

12, 1

3, 2

5, 2

6, 2

70-

70, 2

13SK

M, b

t, eb

, ps-

s, sg

, ph

91, 2

21, 2

45, 3

89N

erei

dida

eN

erei

s pela

gica

Lin

naeu

s, 17

587,

24

aam

inp

M, b

t, eb

, slr,

ph

84, 2

45, 2

49, 3

89N

erei

s rav

a Eh

lers

, 186

47,

24

8lm

M, b

t, ep

, slr,

ph

84, 2

45, 2

49, 3

89N

erei

s zon

ata

Mal

mgr

en, 1

867

2, 7

, 24,

25,

26,

27,

69

0-60

anam

np, ?

KM

, bt,

mb,

mc-

ph-p

s84

, 245

, 249

, 358

Hed

iste d

iver

sicol

or (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

76) [

Ner

eis]

2, 3

, 5-7

, 10-

13, *

68,

*69,

*74

, 77,

*78

, *7

9, 8

4, *

86, 8

8, 9

2,

93, 9

4

0-90

anam

M, b

t, eh

-0.5

-36‰

, eb

, s, p

e-ps

, eu

67, 8

4, 9

1, 2

19, 2

45,

358,

374

, 389

Alitt

a su

ccin

ea (F

rey

& L

euck

art,

1847

) [N

eant

hes,

Ner

eis]

7, 1

3, 1

6, 2

4, 2

7, 6

8,

69, 7

70-

10, 3

0am

ipM

, bt,

eh, e

p, m

c-s-

ps84

, 219

, 245

, 374

Perin

erei

s cul

tifer

a (G

rube

, 184

0)7,

16,

23,

24,

25

0-30

amip

M, b

t, ep

, lt,

ps, s

lz84

, 91,

245

, 249

Plat

yner

eis d

umer

ili (A

udou

in &

Miln

e-Ed

war

ds, 1

834)

3, 7

, 13,

16,

24,

25,

27

, 69

0.5-

50am

ipM

, bt,

mb,

ph,

lt, s

67, 8

4, 9

1, 2

45, 3

58

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

78 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Nem

aner

eis p

ontic

a (B

orbr

etzk

y, 18

72) [

N. q

uadr

itice

ps, L

ycas

tops

is]46

, 51

0-0.

5, 9

0na

mM

, bt,

sps-

zc, s

-ps

234,

245

, 249

Nep

hthy

idae

Micr

onep

htys

stam

mer

i (Au

gene

r, 19

32)

1-22

, 25,

26

0-40

, 80

adp

M, b

t, m

b, p

s, ps

-pe

226,

245

, 249

, 392

Nep

htys

cirr

osa

(Ehl

ers,

1868

)7,

9, 2

5, 7

60-

28, 1

00cl

mM

, bt,

ep, s

ls, p

s84

, 245

, 249

, 358

Nep

htys

hom

berg

ii Sa

vign

y in

Lam

arck

, 181

82-

8, 1

3, 1

7, *

69, 7

60-

184

clm

M, b

t, eh

-6‰

, eb,

eu

67, 8

4, 9

1, 2

45, 3

58G

lyce

rida

eG

lyce

ra a

lba

(O. F

. Mül

ler,

1776

)2,

3, 5

, 7, 8

, 25,

26,

*69

0-40

nam

iwp

M, b

t, m

b, sl

s, ps

-pe

84, 2

45, 2

49, 3

89G

lyce

ra co

nvol

uta

Kefe

rste

in, 1

862

5-22

, 25,

26,

27,

69

0-40

eam

ipM

, bt,

mb,

sls,

ps-p

e22

1, 2

45, 2

49, 3

58G

lyce

ra g

igan

tea

Qua

tref

ages

, 186

6 [G

. dec

orat

a]7,

25,

*69

0-30

clm

iM

, bt,

ep, s

ls, p

s84

, 221

, 245

, 249

Gly

cera

tess

elata

Gru

be, 1

840

7, 1

1, 1

2, 1

3am

ipM

, bt

247,

252

, 255

, 288

Gly

cera

uni

corn

is Sa

vign

y in

Lam

arck

, 181

8 [G

. rou

xii]

7, 1

1, 1

2, 1

3ea

mip

M, b

t24

7, 2

49, 2

52, 2

88G

onia

dida

eG

onia

della

bob

rezk

ii (A

nnen

kova

, 192

9) [G

onia

da]

11, 2

58,

13-

26cl

mM

, bt,

ep, s

ls, p

s22

1, 2

45, 2

48, 3

92Eu

nici

daEu

nici

dae

Euni

ce v

ittat

a (D

elle

Chi

aje,

1828

)11

, 12,

13,

23,

24,

25

1-25

amip

M, b

t, ep

, ro,

ps,

zc, s

91, 2

45, 2

49, 3

89Ly

sidice

nin

etta

Aud

ouin

& M

ilne-

Edw

ards

, 183

36,

7, 1

1, 1

2, 1

3, 2

40-

30, 4

0am

ipM

, bt,

ep-m

b, sl

r84

, 91,

245

, 389

Dor

ville

idae

Prot

odor

ville

a ke

fers

tein

i (M

cInt

osh,

186

9) [S

taur

ocep

halu

s]7,

8, 1

3, 2

3, 2

4, 2

51.

5-20

anam

M, b

t, se

p, z

c, ro

, ps-

s21

9, 2

45, 2

49, 3

89D

orvi

llea

rubr

ovitt

ata

(Gru

be, 1

855)

[Sta

uroc

epha

lus]

11, 1

2, 1

3, 2

4, 2

50-

5, 4

0an

amrs

M, b

t, m

b, sl

s, ro

, r91

, 245

, 249

, 389

Schi

stom

erin

gos r

udol

phi (

Del

le C

hiaj

e, 18

28) [

Stau

roce

phal

us]

23, 2

4, 2

53-

25am

pM

, bt,

ep, s

ls, z

c, sg

234,

245

, 249

Orb

iniid

aO

rbin

iidae

Orb

inia

latre

illii

(Aud

ouin

& M

ilne-

Edw

ards

, 183

3) [A

ricia

]11

, 25

clm

M, b

t, ep

, sls

, r22

1, 2

45, 2

49, 3

92Pa

raon

idae

Arici

dea

claud

iae L

aubi

er, 1

967

[A. j

effre

ysii]

1-3,

5,7

, 13,

17,

25,

27

, 28,

69

5-92

, 200

klm

M, b

t, eb

, s, p

s-pe

, sg

178,

180

, 219

, 226

, 23

0, 2

45, 3

58, 3

89

Para

done

is ha

rpag

onea

(Sto

rch,

196

7) [C

irrop

horu

s, Pa

raon

is fu

lgen

s]11

, 25,

27

15-4

4ep

, ? lm

M, b

t, m

b, p

s, s

178,

180

, 221

, 230

, 24

5, 2

49, 3

92Sp

ioni

ida

Spio

nida

eSc

olele

pis c

iliat

a (K

efer

stei

n, 1

862)

7, 1

6, 1

7, 5

10.

5cl

mM

, bt,

sep,

ps,

sls,

r22

1,24

5, 3

92

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 79

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Scol

elepi

s squ

amat

a (M

ülle

r, 18

06) [

Ner

ine c

irrat

ulus

]7,

25,

51

0-20

amip

M, b

t, se

p, p

s, ls

, sls

319,

245

, 249

, 389

Pseu

dom

alac

ocer

os tr

iden

tata

(Sou

ther

n, 1

914)

[Ner

inid

es]

7, 2

53-

klm

M, b

t, se

p, p

s, sl

s84

, 219

, 245

, 389

Aoni

des p

aucib

ranc

hiat

a So

uthe

rn, 1

914

[A. o

rnat

us]

4, 7

-13,

25,

27,

28

5-12

5ha

mM

, bt,

eb, p

s, sg

, s18

0, 2

19, 2

45, 3

58Sp

io fi

licor

nis (

O. F

. Mül

ler,

1776

)7,

25,

26,

68,

69

0-30

abam

bpM

, bt,

ep, p

s-pe

84, 2

45, 3

58, 3

89Py

gosp

io el

egan

s Cla

parè

de, 1

863

7, 2

5, 2

6, 2

7, 6

90-

70an

amnp

M, b

t, eb

, ps-

pe21

9, 2

45, 3

58, 3

89Po

lydo

ra ci

liata

(Joh

nsto

n, 1

838)

7, 6

8, 6

9, 7

6, 8

427

aana

mip

M, b

t, ep

, ro,

mc

219,

245

, 249

, 389

Poly

dora

corn

uta

Bosc

, 180

27,

13,

68,

69

0.1-

32am

p, i

M, b

t, ep

, s, p

s, sg

, is

358

Dip

olyd

ora

quad

rilob

ata

(Jac

obi,

1883

)24

, 49

bapb

p, i

M, b

t, is

355

Prio

nosp

io ci

rrife

ra W

irén,

188

37,

9, 1

3, 2

5, 2

6, 2

7, 6

95-

84aa

mip

M, b

t, eb

, sg,

s21

9, 2

22, 2

26, 2

49Pr

iono

spio

mal

mgr

eni C

lapa

rède

, 186

86,

23,

25

4-20

aam

ipM

, bt,

eb, p

s, sg

, zc,

r18

0, 2

19, 2

26, 2

45St

rebl

ospi

o sh

rubs

olii

(Buc

hana

n, 1

890)

7, 6

8, 6

9, *

78, *

7912

clm

M-B

, bt,

eh, s

, ps-

pe21

9, 2

45, 3

58, 3

89M

agel

onid

aeM

agelo

na p

apill

icorn

is F.

Mül

ler,

1858

7, 1

1, 1

8, 2

5, 6

9-2

3am

ipM

, bt,

ep, p

s22

1, 2

26, 2

45, 2

49M

agelo

na ro

sea

Moo

re, 1

907

7, 1

1, 1

8, 2

54-

28na

mM

, bt,

ep, p

s, ps

-s21

9, 1

80, 2

45, 3

92C

irra

tulid

aeCi

rrifo

rmia

tent

acul

ata

(Mon

tagu

, 180

8) [A

udou

inia

]23

, 25

0-20

amis

wp

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

sg, z

c, r

245

Caul

lerie

lla b

iocu

lata

(Kef

erst

ein,

186

2) [C

irrat

ulus

viri

dis,

Het

eroc

irrus

]7,

13,

25

5-25

nam

pM

, bt,

ep, p

s-sg

91, 2

26, 2

45, 3

89O

phel

iida

Oph

eliid

aeO

pheli

a bi

corn

is Sa

vign

y, 19

182,

6, 7

, 19,

21,

25,

51

0.5-

1.5

bam

M, b

t, se

p, l-

sl, p

s, ■

236,

245

, 249

, 389

Oph

elia

limac

ina

(Rat

hke,

1843

)7,

11,

12,

25

10-3

7ab

apne

pM

, bt,

ep, s

l, ps

221,

236

, 245

, 249

Poly

opht

halm

us p

ictu

s (D

ujar

din,

183

9)13

, 24,

50

0-10

amip

M, b

t-p, s

ep, p

h-lt

91, 2

22, 2

45, 3

89C

apit

elli

daC

apite

llida

eN

otom

astu

s lat

erice

us M

. Sar

s, 18

51aa

nam

ipM

, bt,

eu24

5, 2

49N

otom

astu

s pro

fund

us (E

isig,

188

7)1-

8, 2

865

-cl

m, ?

clm

rsM

, bt,

shb,

phs

219,

245

, 249

, 389

Het

erom

astu

s filif

orm

is (C

lapa

rède

, 186

4)1-

8, 1

3, 1

7, 2

5, 2

7, 2

8,

59, 6

90-

16-2

00aa

mip

M, b

t, eb

, pe,

ms,

phs

84, 2

45, 2

49, 3

58

Capi

tella

capi

tata

(Fab

riciu

s, 17

80)

4-7,

25,

26,

*69

0-30

, 80

aam

ipM

, bt,

ep, p

s-pe

84, 2

45, 2

49, 3

58Ca

pite

lla m

inim

a La

nger

hans

, 188

0 [C

apito

mas

tus]

7, 1

3, 2

5, 2

6, 6

95-

110

aam

M, b

t, eb

, ps,

pe, s

g24

5 34

9, 3

58, 3

89Ca

pite

llide

s gia

rdi M

esni

l, 18

977,

25

bam

M, b

t, se

p, p

s17

7, 2

19, 2

45, 2

49

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

80 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Are

nico

lidae

Aren

icola

mar

ina

Lam

arck

, 180

17,

12,

25,

51,

84

bam

nep

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

ls21

9, 2

26, 2

45, 2

49Ar

enico

lides

bra

nchi

alis

(Aud

ouin

& M

ilne-

Edw

ards

, 183

3) [A

reni

cola

gru

bii]

251.

5-12

lmM

, bt,

sep,

sg24

5, 2

49M

alda

nida

eCl

ymen

e col

lari

s (C

lapa

rède

, 186

8) [P

raxy

lla]

13, 2

3, 2

52-

30lm

M, b

t, ep

, ps-

s, sg

, zc

91, 2

26, 2

45, 2

49

Leio

chon

e lei

opyg

os (G

rube

, 186

0) [C

lym

enur

a cly

peat

a]7,

25,

26,

69

0-35

clm

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

ps-p

e84

, 219

, 226

, 245

, 24

9, 3

58, 2

89C

teno

dril

ida

Cte

nodr

ilida

eZe

ppeli

na d

enta

ta M

ontic

elli,

189

7 [n

omen

dub

ium

?]13

lmM

, bt

252

Pare

rgod

rilid

aeSt

ygoc

apite

lla su

bter

rane

a K

nölln

er, 1

934

7, 3

5ba

msw

pM

, ls,

gw, r

221,

245

, 249

, 387

Tere

bell

ida

Sabe

llari

idae

Sabe

llaria

taur

ica (R

athk

e, 18

37) [

S. sp

inul

osa,

Cen

troco

rone

]7,

12,

13,

24

-30

lm, ?

clm

M, b

t, ep

, sl,

sg84

, 91,

219

, 222

, 24

5, 2

49, 3

89Pe

ctin

ariid

ae

Lagi

s kor

eni M

alm

gren

, 186

6 [P

ectin

aria

]7,

11,

13,

25,

26,

27,

69

0-30

, 50

clm

M, b

t, m

b, p

s-pe

, ms,

sg, s

84, 9

1, 2

19, 2

26,

245,

249

, 358

, 389

Am

phar

etid

ae

Meli

nna

palm

ata

Gru

be, 1

870

2-7,

13,

17,

26,

27,

28

, *69

15-2

00cl

mnw

iM

, bt,

eh, e

b, s,

ps-

pe,

sg67

, 84,

178

, 219

, 24

5, 2

49, 3

58

Hyp

ania

inva

lida

(Gru

be, 1

860)

59, 6

02-

5, 4

0cp

, ? p

c, R

cM

-B, b

t, 0.

5-0.

8‰,

s, sg

206,

245

, 249

, 252

, 32

0, 3

86Tr

icho

bran

chiid

ae

Tere

belli

des s

troem

ii Sa

rs, 1

835

2, 3

, 7, 1

0, 1

1, 1

3,

16, 1

736

-200

aana

mip

, ? K

M, b

t, eb

-hb,

s, p

hs67

, 84,

91,

178

, 245

Tere

belli

dae

Poly

cirru

s jub

atus

Bob

retz

ky, 1

869

7, 1

2, 1

6, 2

5, 5

10-

30●

pM

, bt,

ep, s

g, p

s-pe

91, 2

26, 2

45, 3

89Sa

bell

ida

Sabe

llida

eFa

brici

a sa

bella

(Ehr

enbe

rg, 1

836)

7, 2

5, 3

4, 6

912

aann

amM

, bt,

3-38

‰, e

p, p

s21

9, 2

45, 2

49, 3

89Fa

brici

a ste

llari

s (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

74)

[? F

. sab

ella]

7, 6

8, 6

9ba

mM

, bt,

ep35

8

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 81

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

? Man

ayun

kia

casp

ica A

nnen

kova

, 192

8pc

, cpc

, Rc

M-B

-L, b

t24

5, 2

49, 3

20O

riops

is ar

man

di (C

lapa

rède

, 186

4) [O

ridia

]1-

22, 2

7, 2

8-1

30, 2

00kc

lm, ?

clm

rsM

, bt,

hb, m

s, ph

s23

4, 2

45, 2

49, 3

58Se

rpul

idae

Hyd

roid

es n

orve

gicu

s Gun

neru

s, 17

687,

24

0-30

nam

iM

, bt,

ep, l

t, r

84, 2

45, 3

89

Fico

pom

atus

enig

mat

icus (

Fauv

el, 1

923)

[Mer

ciere

lla]

5, 7

, 68,

69,

77,

*79

, 84

, 87

0-15

amip

, iM

, bt,

0-55

‰, e

p, is

219,

245

, 249

, 389

Verm

iliop

sis in

fund

ibul

um (P

hilip

pi, 1

844)

3, 7

, 12,

13

10-1

5am

rsp

M, b

t, ep

, lt,

ro67

, 84,

91,

245

, 249

Spiro

bran

chus

triq

uete

r (Li

nnae

us, 1

758)

[Pom

atoc

eros

, P. t

rique

troid

es]

3, 7

, 24,

25,

27

0-70

clm

M, b

t, m

b, lt

, ms,

sg67

, 84,

219

, 226

, 24

5, 3

89D

itrup

a ar

ietin

a (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

76)

7, 2

6na

mip

M, b

t, ep

, pe

84, 2

45, 2

49, 3

89Pi

leola

ria m

ilita

ris C

lapa

rède

, 187

0 [S

piro

rbis]

240-

30ne

amin

zM

, bt,

ep-m

b, sl

c, p

hc23

0, 2

45, 2

49Sp

iror

bida

e

Spiro

rbis

pusil

la R

athk

e, 18

371-

22, 2

4, 5

00-

30, 7

5ne

amnp

M, b

t, m

b, lt

, ro,

ph,

ph

c, sl

c, sg

, zc

91, 2

30, 2

45, 2

49,

389

Arc

hian

neli

daPo

lygo

rdiid

aePo

lygo

rdiu

s lac

teus

Sch

neid

er, 1

868

[P. n

eapo

litan

us p

ontic

us, P

. pon

ticus

]25

0-25

clm

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

sg, s

ls18

0, 2

26, 2

45, 2

49Pr

otod

rilid

aePr

otod

rilus

flav

ocap

itatu

s (U

ljani

n, 1

877)

7, 2

5, 2

7, 3

5, 5

10-

80lm

, ? c

lmM

, bt,

eb, l

-sl,

ps, p

e22

0, 2

45, 2

49, 3

58Sa

ccoc

irri

dae

Sacc

ocirr

us p

apill

ocer

cus B

obre

tzky

, 187

27,

51

0.5-

0.7

lm, ?

clm

M, b

t, se

p, l-

sl, p

s22

0, 2

45, 2

49, 3

89N

erill

idae

Ner

illa

ante

nnat

a Sc

hmid

t, 18

487,

25,

34,

35,

51,

*69

80na

min

zM

, bt,

ep, l

-sl,

ps, g

w22

0, 2

39, 2

45, 3

86D

inop

hilid

aeD

inop

hilu

s gyr

ocili

atus

O. S

chm

idt,

1857

25, 3

4, 5

1na

min

zM

, bt,

sep,

l-sl

, ps

220,

245

, 249

, 389

Trilo

bodr

ilus h

eide

ri Re

man

e, 19

257,

35

0-1

clm

M, b

t, se

p, p

s, if,

r22

0, 2

45, 2

49, 3

89A

phan

oneu

raA

eolo

som

atid

aA

eolo

som

atid

aeAe

olos

oma

hem

prich

i Ehr

enbe

rg, 1

831

58, *

68(h

nata

, ? sk

)L,

bt,

cr, p

o, sw

88, 2

49, 3

65, 3

89O

ligo

chae

ta

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

82 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Opi

stop

hora

Cri

odri

lidae

Crio

drilu

s lac

uum

Hoff

mei

ster

, 184

571

, 72

(eca

, ? h

)L,

bt

365

Lum

bric

idae

Eise

niell

a te

traed

ra (S

avig

ny, 1

876)

71, 7

7(h

, ? k

)L-

TL, b

t, tx

365

Tubi

fici

daN

aidi

dae

Styl

aria

lacu

stris

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

67)

1-22

, 35,

58,

77,

84

nam

, (hn

o)M

, bt,

7‰, p

s, gw

42, 8

4, 8

8, 2

49, 3

65Sl

avin

a ap

pend

icula

ta (U

deke

m, 1

855)

58am

nz, (

k)M

, bt,

1-2‰

365

Der

o di

gita

ta (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

73)

78(k

)L,

bt

365

Der

o ob

tusa

Ude

kem

, 185

558

(k)

L, b

t, 1-

2‰, α

365

Nai

s bar

bata

O. F

. Mül

ler,

1773

58, 7

1, 7

7(h

oa)

L, b

t,36

5N

ais b

retsc

heri

Mic

hael

sen,

189

958

(hop

, ? h

no)

L, b

t, 1-

2‰, o

-β26

5N

ais c

omm

unis

Pigu

et, 1

906

88, 9

0ha

m, (

k)M

-L, b

t, eh

-16‰

, eu

88, 2

49, 3

65, 3

74

Nai

s elin

guis

O. F

. Mül

ler,

1774

54, 5

8, *

68, *

69, 7

1,

74, 7

7, *

78, 8

2, 8

4,

*86-

88, 9

0, 9

2am

inz,

(k)

M-B

-L, b

t, 18

‰, e

h,

eu, s

w-p

o84

, 87,

88,

249

, 365

, 37

4, 3

89

Nai

s par

dalis

Pig

uet,

1906

58, *

69, 8

4(h

no)

L, b

t, 10

‰, p

h, p

s-pe

88, 2

49, 3

65, 3

89N

ais v

aria

bilis

Pig

uet,

1906

58, 7

4, 7

9, 8

2am

inz,

(k)

M-B

, bt,

sw-p

o36

5O

phid

onai

s ser

pent

ina

O. F

. Mül

ler,

1774

58, 7

9, 8

4, 9

2ba

p, (h

no)

L, b

t, sw

-po

365

Hom

ocha

eta

naid

ina

Bret

sche

r, 18

96 [P

aran

ais]

7, 5

8(p

o)L-

M, b

t, 15

‰84

, 249

, 365

, 389

Para

nais

frici

Hra

be, 1

941

84am

ip, (

hno)

M-B

, bt,

po36

5Pa

rana

is lit

oral

is (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

80)

7, 5

8, 8

7, 8

8na

mp,

(hn)

M-B

, bt,

16‰

84, 8

8, 2

49,

365

Amph

ichae

ta le

ydig

i Tau

ber,

1879

58, 8

7(h

, ? h

no)

L, 2

‰, s

w36

5Ch

aeto

gaste

r cri

stalli

nus V

ejdo

vsky

, 188

3*6

8, 8

4(h

pt, ?

hpt

n)L-

M, b

t, 10

‰, s

w84

, 88,

365

, 374

Chae

toga

ster d

iaph

anus

(Gru

ithui

sen,

182

8)58

SK, (

sk)

M-L

, bt,

sw, p

o88

, 365

, 372

Tubi

ficid

aeTu

bife

x ne

rthu

s Mic

hael

sen,

190

884

, 96

clp,

? b

apM

-B, b

t, sw

107,

249

, 364

, 365

Tubi

fex

tubi

fex

(O. F

. Mül

ler,

1774

)58

, 71,

72,

74,

77,

78,

80

, 84,

87,

92

(k)

M-B

-L, b

t, eu

365

Bran

chiu

ra so

wer

byi B

edda

rd, 1

892

59(h

)L,

0.7

8‰, b

t, ro

365

Aulo

drilu

s plu

rise

ta (P

igue

t, 19

06)

58, 9

6(h

oa)

L, b

t, eu

365

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 83

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Lim

nodr

ilus c

lapa

rede

anus

Rat

zel,

1868

71, 8

0, 9

2(k

)L,

bt,

eu, s

w, p

o36

5Li

mno

drilu

s hoff

mei

steri

Cla

parè

de, 1

862

58, *

68, 7

1, 7

4, 8

7, 9

20.

5-12

0SK

, (k)

M-L

, bt,

sw, p

o, α

, s84

, 249

, 365

, 389

Lim

nodr

ilus p

rofu

ndico

la (V

erril

l, 18

71)

78na

m, (

ho)

L-B

, bt,

sw, p

o36

5

Lim

nodr

ilus u

deke

mia

nus C

lapa

rède

, 186

258

, 65,

*68

, 74,

79,

80

, 84,

87

SK, (

k)L-

B, 1

‰, b

t, eu

, α84

, 249

, 365

, 389

Psam

mor

yctid

es a

lbico

la (M

icha

else

n, 1

901)

[Psa

mm

oryc

tes,

Tubi

fex]

58, *

68cl

m, (

h)L-

B, 2

‰, b

t, pe

, α88

, 249

, 365

, 389

Psam

mor

yctid

es b

arba

tus (

Gru

be, 1

861)

58cl

m, (

h)M

-L, 2

‰, b

t, ps

, α-β

365

Psam

mor

yctid

es m

orav

icus (

Hra

be, 1

934)

58(w

pat)

L, 2

‰, b

t, po

, sw,

r36

5Po

tam

othr

ix b

avar

icus (

Oes

chm

ann,

191

3)58

clm

nz, (

hna)

M-L

, 2‰

, bt,

sw, r

365

Pota

mot

hrix

bed

oti (

Pigu

et, 1

913)

58(h

o)L,

2‰

, bt,

po, s

w36

5Po

tam

othr

ix h

amm

onie

nsis

(Mic

hael

sen,

190

1)58

, 78,

84,

88

clm

, (ho

)M

-L, b

t, sw

, po,

pe

205,

365

Pota

mot

hrix

vej

dovs

kyi (

Hra

bě, 1

941)

58pc

, (ei

t, ?

h)M

-B-L

, bt,

po, s

w36

5Cl

itelli

o ar

enar

ius (

Mül

ler,

1776

)84

, 96

bap

M, b

t, l-s

l, s,

ro, p

s24

9, 3

64, 3

65Ak

tedr

ilus m

onos

perm

athe

cus K

nölln

er, 1

935

1-22

, 35,

49

clm

, ? c

lmne

iM

, bt,

l-sl,

gw, p

s15

0, 2

44, 2

49, 3

65H

eter

ocha

eta

costa

ta C

lapa

rède

, 186

3 [T

ubife

x]11

, 58,

84,

88,

96

clp

M-B

, bt,

l, ps

, pe-

ps24

9, 3

64, 3

65Tu

bific

oide

s ben

edii

(Ude

kem

, 185

5) [P

elosc

olex

]1-

22, 3

5ba

pM

-B, b

t, l,

ps, g

w43

, 249

Tubi

ficoi

des e

uxin

icus (

Hra

bě, 1

966)

[Tub

ifex

euxi

nus ?

]1-

22, 3

5?

bap

M, b

t, l,

ps, g

w24

4, 2

49, 2

52Tu

bific

oide

s sw

irenc

owi J

aros

chen

ko, 1

948

[T. h

eter

ocha

etus

, Pri

stina

pap

illos

a]13

, 84

pc, c

pM

, bt,

15‰

, pe-

ps88

, 249

, 365

, 389

Mon

opyl

epho

rus r

ubro

nive

us L

evin

sen,

188

4 [R

hizo

drilu

s pon

ticus

, M. r

. pon

ticus

]1-

22, 3

5?

nam

npM

, bt,

l, pe

-ps,

gw, p

h43

, 249

, 252

Ench

ytra

eida

eEn

chyt

raeu

s alb

idus

Hen

le, 1

837

11, 3

5na

pnei

, (hn

a)M

-L-T

L, l,

ps,

gw84

, 88,

249

, 365

Mar

ioni

na a

chae

ta (H

agen

, 195

4)1-

22, 3

5cp

M, 1

5‰, l

, ps,

gw24

4, 2

49, 2

52M

ario

nina

elon

gata

Las

serr

e, 19

641-

22, 3

5?

nam

M, b

t, 15

‰, l

, ps,

gw24

4, 2

49, 2

52M

ario

nina

spicu

la (L

euck

art,

1847

)1-

22, 3

5ba

pM

, bt,

15‰

, l, p

s, gw

244,

249

, 252

Mar

ioni

na su

bter

rane

a (K

nölln

er, 1

935)

1-22

, 35,

54

bapb

p, (h

)M

-L, b

t, l,

ps, g

w, c

r24

4, 2

49, 2

52, 3

65Br

anch

iobd

elle

aBr

anch

iobd

elli

daBr

anch

iobd

ellid

aeBr

anch

iobd

ella

asta

ci O

dier

, 182

360

, ? 6

1(c

see,

? c

se)

L, e

pi, 0

.1-2

‰36

5, 3

89H

irud

inea

Rhyn

chob

dell

ida

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

84 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Glo

ssip

honi

idae

Glo

ssip

honi

a co

mpl

anat

a (L

inna

eus,

1758

)58

, *68

, 94

neam

j, (h

)L,

bt,

ph, 2

‰37

4, 3

89H

elobd

ella

stagn

alis

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

58, *

68(h

)L,

bt,

ph, 1

‰37

4, 3

89H

emicl

epsis

mar

gina

ta (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

74)

58, 5

9(p

o)L,

bt,

ph, 0

.3‰

374,

389

Plac

obde

lla co

stata

(Fr.

Mül

ler,

1846

)58

(wp)

L, b

t, ph

, 0.3

‰Th

erom

yzon

tess

ulat

um (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

74) [

Prot

oclep

sis]

*67

(? h

)L,

bt

372,

389

Pisc

icol

idae

Pisc

icola

geom

etra

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

*68

(hn,

? h

nat)

L-B

-M, b

t, 1‰

84, 3

89A

rhyn

chob

delli

daH

irud

inid

aeH

irudo

ver

bana

Car

ena,

182

0 [H

. med

icina

lis]

58, *

68, *

69, *

74(c

se)

L, b

t, ph

, 10‰

, ▲37

4, 3

89H

aem

opid

aeH

aem

opis

sang

uisu

ga (L

inna

eus,

1758

) [Au

lasto

ma

gulo

]58

, *68

, *74

(ena

)L,

bt,

ph, 1

0‰37

4, 3

89Er

pobd

ellid

aeEr

pobd

ella

ococ

ulat

a (L

inna

eus,

1758

)58

, 77

(po)

L, b

t, ph

, lt,

5-7‰

258

TAR

DIG

RA

DA

Het

erot

ardi

grad

aA

rthr

otar

digr

ada

Batil

liped

idae

Batil

lipes

miru

s Ric

hter

s, 19

0916

, 18,

25,

51

1-8

nam

i, ?

KM

, bt,

l-sl,

ps, g

w, if

249,

388

, 389

Hal

echi

nisc

idae

Hal

echi

nisc

us g

uite

li Ri

chte

rs, 1

908

16, 3

5, 5

1lm

, ? c

lmM

, bt,

l-sl,

ps, s

, gw

249,

388

, 389

Styg

arct

idae

Styg

arct

us b

rady

pus S

chul

z, 19

5135

cpne

i, ?

cgM

, bt,

l, ps

, gw

249,

392

Echi

nisc

oide

aEc

hini

scoi

dida

eEc

hini

scoi

des s

igism

undi

Pla

te, 1

889

3-22

, 50

anam

pM

, bt,

eh, e

u, l,

ph

84, 2

49, 3

82, 3

88Eu

tard

igra

daPa

rach

eta

Hyp

sibi

idae

Hal

obio

tus s

teno

stom

us (R

icht

ers,

1908

) [H

ypsib

ius]

24, 2

5, 4

9-2

5cl

mM

, bt,

sl, p

s, ph

249,

316

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 85

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

ART

HR

OPO

DA

Ara

chni

daA

cari

naH

ydro

zetid

aeH

ydro

zete

s lac

ustr

is (M

icha

el, 1

882)

70, *

86, 9

4(c

see,

? e

)L,

4‰

374,

389

Lim

noze

tidae

Lim

noze

tes r

ugos

us (S

elln

ick,

192

3)94

(e)

L, 6

‰37

4, 3

89H

alac

arid

aeRh

ombo

gnat

hus m

agni

rostr

is Tr

oues

sart

, 188

97,

11,

12,

13,

16,

24

clm

M-B

, bt,

slc

84, 8

9, 2

75, 3

89Rh

ombo

gnat

hus n

otop

s (G

osse

, 185

5)*6

9ab

apM

, bt,

12‰

, l-s

l24

9, 3

89, 4

02Rh

ombo

gnat

hide

s pas

cens

(Loh

man

n, 1

889)

[Rho

mbo

gnat

hus]

11, 1

2, 1

3, 1

6na

mM

-B, b

t, sl

89, 2

49, 3

89H

alac

arell

us ca

puzi

nus (

Lohm

ann,

189

3) [H

alac

arus

]35

bap

M-B

, bt,

l-sl,

ps, g

w24

9, 2

52, 3

07H

alac

arell

us p

hrea

ticus

Pet

rova

, 197

27,

16

hom

M-B

-L, b

t24

9, 2

52, 3

06

Hal

acar

ellus

pro

ceru

s (V

iets

, 192

7)35

bam

M-B

, bt,

15‰

, l-s

l, ps

, gw,

■11

4, 2

49, 2

52, 3

07

Hal

acar

ellus

subt

erra

neus

Sch

ulz,

1933

3, 5

, 84

abam

, ? a

nam

M-B

, eh,

bt,

l, gw

249,

252

, 306

Anom

aloh

alac

arus

mar

cand

rei M

onni

ot, 1

967

[Hal

acar

us, H

alac

arell

us]

8, 1

8cl

m, ?

clm

iM

, bt,

sl24

9, 2

52, 3

07Th

alas

sara

chna

affi

nis (

Trou

essa

rt, 1

896)

[Hal

acar

us b

aste

ri va

r. affi

nis]

11-1

3, 1

6, 2

4, 2

7, 2

8-1

50ho

mM

-B, b

t, l-s

l, pe

, slc

89, 2

49, 3

89? Th

alas

sara

chna

bas

teri

(Joh

nsto

n, 1

836)

? [H

alac

arell

us]

-46

abam

, ? a

nam

M-B

, eh,

bt,

l-sl

249

Thal

assa

rach

na h

exac

anth

a (V

iets

, 192

7) [H

alac

arus

, Hal

acar

ellus

]7

0.5-

28cp

M, b

t, l-s

l84

, 249

, 389

Copi

dogn

athu

s bra

chys

tom

us V

iets

, 194

0*6

9cl

mM

-B, b

t, l

249,

389

, 402

Copi

dogn

athu

s bre

viro

stris

Vie

ts, 1

927

7, 2

40-

10cl

mM

-B, b

t, l-s

l, ph

, lt

84, 2

49, 3

89Co

pido

gnat

hus e

xten

sus V

iets

, 194

07

12ho

mM

, bt,

l-sl

84, 2

49, 3

89Co

pido

gnat

hus f

abric

ii (L

ohm

ann,

188

9)11

, 12,

13,

16,

*79

clm

iM

-B, b

t, l-s

l89

, 249

, 374

, 389

Copi

dogn

athu

s mag

nipa

lpus

(Pol

ice,

1909

) [C.

m. p

ontic

us, C

. m. s

erra

tiset

a]*8

6lm

wi,

?RM

-B, b

t, 1-

20‰

, l24

9, 3

89, 4

01Co

pido

gnat

hus o

cula

tus (

Hod

ge, 1

863)

[Cop

idog

nath

opsis

, Hal

acar

us]

11, 1

2, 1

3, 1

6, *

69cl

mM

-B, b

t, 12

‰, s

l89

, 249

, 374

, 389

Copi

dogn

athu

s qua

drico

statu

s (Tr

oues

sart

, 189

4) [C

opid

ogna

thop

sis]

11, 1

2, 1

6cl

mM

, bt,

sl89

, 249

, 275

, 389

Copi

dogn

athu

s rho

dosti

gma

(Gos

se, 1

855)

11

, 12,

16,

24

clm

M-B

, bt,

l-sl,

ph, s

g89

, 249

, 275

, 389

Copi

dogn

athu

s tab

ellio

(Tro

uess

art,

1894

)11

, 12,

13,

16

9-28

lmM

-B, b

t, sl

89, 2

49, 2

75, 3

89Co

pido

gnat

hus t

ectip

orus

(Vie

ts, 1

935)

[Cop

idog

nath

opsis

]*6

7, *

69lm

, ?R

B-L

-(M

), bt

, eu

249,

389

, 400

, 402

Agau

e che

vreu

xi (T

roue

ssar

t, 18

89) [

Hal

acar

us]

11, 1

2, 1

3, 1

6, 2

4-2

0lm

, ? c

lmM

-B, b

t, l-s

l, sl

c, p

hc89

, 249

, 389

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

86 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Agau

opsis

bre

vipa

lpus

(Tro

uess

art,

1889

) [A

. pon

tica,

Aga

ue b

. var

. pon

ticus

]11

, 12,

13,

16,

25,

27

9-28

nam

nei

M-B

, bt,

sg, m

s, ph

c89

, 249

, 389

Agau

opsis

mar

inov

i Pet

rova

, 197

67

ham

M-B

, bt,

l24

9, 2

52, 3

08Ac

taca

rus p

ygm

aeus

Sch

ulz,

1937

25, 3

5-5

lmne

iM

-B, b

t, gw

-if, p

s, sl

229,

249

, 389

Arho

deop

orus

gra

cilip

es (T

roue

ssar

t, 18

89) [

Copi

dogn

atho

psis]

12, 1

6, 2

5, 2

8-1

50cl

mM

-B, b

t, eb

, sg,

phs

89, 2

49, 2

75, 3

89Ac

aroc

helo

podi

a de

lam

arei

Ang

elie

r, 19

547,

35

hom

M-B

, bt,

ps, g

w22

9, 2

49, 3

92Lo

hman

nella

falca

ta (H

odge

, 186

3)12

, 27,

28

45-1

00ba

mM

-B, b

t, eb

, ms,

phs

89, 2

49, 3

89Ca

spih

alac

arus

hyr

canu

s Vie

ts, 1

928

[C. h

. dan

ubia

lis]

*69

1-2

pc, c

lm, R

cB

-L, b

t, ep

, ro,

s25

2, 3

89, 4

02H

ydra

chni

dae

Hyd

rach

na cr

uent

a O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

7642

(h)

L, b

t, l

84, 3

89Ey

laid

aeEy

lais

infu

ndib

ulife

ra K

oeni

ke, 1

897

42(h

)L,

bt,

l84

, 389

Eyla

is rim

osa

Pier

sig, 1

899

42(h

)L,

bt,

l84

, 389

Hyd

ryph

antid

aeH

ydry

phan

tes c

rass

ipal

pis K

oeni

ke, 1

914

*68

(wes

a)L,

bt,

1‰, l

389,

400

Hyd

rodr

omid

aeH

ydro

drom

a de

spici

ens (

O. F

. Mül

ler,

1776

)88

(sk,

? k

)L,

bt,

1‰38

9, 4

02Po

ntar

achn

idae

Pont

arac

hna

valk

anov

i Pet

rova

, 197

811

, 12,

25,

35,

51,

92

● p

M, b

t, l-s

l, ps

, gw

249,

252

, 309

, 392

Lim

nesi

idae

Lim

nesia

koe

nike

i Pie

rsig

, 189

490

(h)

L, b

t38

9, 4

02Li

mne

sia u

ndul

ata

(O. F

. Mül

ler,

1776

)*6

8(h

)L,

bt,

l38

9, 4

00A

turi

dae

Brac

hypo

da v

ersic

olor

(O. F

. Mül

ler,

1776

)*6

7(?

tp)

L, b

t38

9, 4

00A

rren

urid

aeAr

renu

rus b

ruze

lii K

oeni

ke, 1

885

93(w

p, ?

tp)

L, b

t, 3‰

389,

402

Pycn

ogon

ida

Pant

opod

aA

mm

othe

idae

Tany

stylu

m co

niro

stre (

Doh

rn, 1

881)

7, 2

41-

2kc

lmM

, bt,

ep, s

l, ph

39, 2

49, 3

89C

allip

alle

nida

eCa

llipa

llene

pha

ntom

a (D

ohrn

, 188

1)1-

22, 2

835

-80

anam

M, b

t, sh

b, p

hs24

7, 2

49, 2

52

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 87

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Cru

stac

eaSa

rsos

trac

a: A

nost

raca

Art

emiid

aeAr

tem

ia p

arth

enog

enet

ica B

owen

& S

terli

ng, 1

978

76, 7

7(o

mca

a)B

, 20-

100-

340‰

, p11

9, 3

59Ar

tem

ia sa

lina

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

*64,

76,

77

(sp,

? sk

)B

, 20-

80-3

40‰

, p86

, 91,

100

, 372

, 389

Tham

noce

phal

idae

Bran

chin

ella

spin

osa

(H. M

ilne

Edw

ards

, 184

0)*6

4lm

, (at

m)

B-M

, 30‰

, p, ■

100,

114

, 389

Phyl

lopo

da: C

lado

cera

Sidi

dae

Peni

lia a

viro

stris

Dan

a, 1

849

[P. s

chm

acke

ri]7,

29,

*69

, 77

0-50

amiw

pM

-B-L

, p, e

h, e

pp19

8, 2

02, 3

19, 3

89D

iaph

anos

oma

brac

hyur

um (L

iévi

n, 1

848)

58, *

68, *

79, 8

0am

wp,

(hat

)M

-B-L

, p, e

h, 6

-8‰

97, 2

78, 3

74, 3

89D

iaph

anos

oma

lacu

stris

Korin

ek, 1

981

59, 6

0(p

at)

L, p

, 0.5

-0.8

‰27

9, 2

80M

acro

thri

cida

eM

acro

thrix

latic

orni

s (Ju

rine,

1820

)*6

8(s

k)L,

1‰

, p-b

t, s

97, 2

79, 3

89Ily

ocry

ptus

sord

idus

(Lié

vin,

184

8)*6

8am

wp,

(pat

)B

-L, 1

‰, p

279,

374

, 389

Bosm

inid

aeBo

smin

a co

rego

ni B

aird

, 185

759

, 60

apsw

p, (h

)M

-B-L

, 0.5

-0.8

‰, p

279,

280

Bosm

ina

long

irostr

is (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

76) [

B. l.

sim

ilis]

58, 5

9, 6

0, *

68, 7

7, 8

0an

am, (

k)M

-B-L

, 1-2

‰, p

, epp

278,

279

, 280

, 389

Chy

dorid

ae (E

uryc

erci

dae)

Acro

peru

s har

pae (

Baird

, 183

4)92

(hna

t)M

-B-L

, 0.5

‰, p

279,

374

, 389

Alon

a gu

ttata

Sar

s, 18

6278

(sk)

L, 0

-20‰

, p25

2, 2

78, 2

79Al

ona

quad

rang

ular

is (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

76)

58, *

68na

mp,

(sk)

M-B

-L, 0

.2-2

‰, p

278,

279

, 374

, 389

Alon

a re

ctan

gula

Sar

s, 18

6158

, 59,

60,

*68

, *69

, 76

, 77,

*79

, *86

, 88,

92

, 93

(sk)

B-L

, 0.5

-6‰

, p27

7, 2

79, 2

80, 3

74,

389

Alon

ella

exci

sa (F

ische

r, 18

54)

59, 6

0(k

)L,

0.5

-0.8

‰, p

279,

280

Alon

ella

exig

ua (L

illje

borg

, 185

3)42

(h)

L, p

252,

278

, 279

,Ch

ydor

us p

iger

Sar

s, 18

6260

(e)

L, p

, 0.5

-0.8

‰27

9, 2

80

Chyd

orus

spha

ericu

s (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

85)

58, 5

9, 6

0, *

68, *

69,

71, *

79, 8

0, 8

8, 9

2am

swp,

(k)

M-B

-L, 3

‰, p

, epp

278,

279

, 280

, 374

, 38

9D

ispar

alon

a ro

strat

a (K

och,

184

1) [P

hrix

ura,

Rhy

ncho

talo

na]

42, 8

6(h

, ? sk

)B

-L, p

252,

277

, 279

Gra

ptol

eber

is te

studi

naria

(Fisc

her,

1848

)60

(k)

M-B

-L, p

, 0.5

-0.8

‰27

9, 2

80

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

88 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Leyd

igia

aca

ntho

cerc

oide

s (Fi

sche

r, 18

54)

95(s

k)B

-L, p

, 0.5

‰27

9, 3

74, 3

89Le

ydig

ia le

ydig

i (Sc

hoed

ler,

1863

)*6

8(s

k)B

-L, p

, 1‰

97, 2

79, 3

89M

onos

pilu

s disp

ar S

ars,

1862

*69

(hat

a)B

-L, p

279,

374

, 389

Oxy

urell

a te

nuica

udis

(Sar

s, 18

62)

59, 6

0, *

69(h

ata)

L, p

, 0.5

-0.8

‰27

9, 2

89, 3

75, 3

89Pl

euro

xus t

rigon

ellus

(O. F

. Mül

ler,

1776

)59

, 60,

*68

, *86

, 88

(hat

)L,

p, 1

.5‰

279,

280

, 374

, 389

Pleu

roxu

s unc

inat

us B

aird

, 185

058

(hop

, ? h

)L,

p, 0

.5-2

‰25

2, 2

78, 2

79M

oini

dae

Moi

na h

artw

igi W

elte

r, 18

9881

(? a

tm)

L, p

, 1‰

, r27

9, 3

74, 3

89M

oina

mac

roco

pa (S

trau

s, 18

19)

58(h

, ? h

pt)

L, p

, 2‰

252,

278

, 279

Moi

na m

icrur

a Ku

rz, 1

874

[M. m

. dub

ia, M

. pro

pinq

ua]

58, 5

9, 6

0, 7

8, 7

9?

SK, (

sk)

B-L

, p, 0

.5-2

0‰19

0, 1

93, 2

52, 2

78,

280,

374

, 389

Moi

na re

ctiro

stris

(Ley

dig,

186

0)*6

9(h

pt)

B-L

, p, 4

‰37

4, 3

89D

aphn

iidae

Dap

hnia

cucu

llata

Sar

s, 18

62 [D

. c. a

pica

ta, D

. c. b

revi

ensis

]58

, 59,

60,

78,

80

(h)

M-B

-L, p

, 0.8

‰25

2, 2

77, 2

78, 2

80D

aphn

ia cu

rviro

stris

Eylm

ann,

188

7 [?

com

plex

]60

, 82,

88,

92

(hat

)L-

B, p

, 0.5

-15‰

252,

277

, 279

, 280

Dap

hnia

galea

ta S

ars,

1863

59, 6

0(h

)B

-L, p

, 0.8

‰27

9, 2

80D

aphn

ia h

yalin

a Le

ydig

, 186

068

, 79

(hes

)M

-B-L

, p, 1

-12‰

252,

277

, 278

, 279

Dap

hnia

long

ispin

a (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

76)

13, 7

1(h

nat)

B-L

, p27

9, 3

74, 3

89D

aphn

ia m

agna

Str

aus,

1820

58, 7

8, 7

9, 8

0(h

at,?

hpt

)B

-L, p

, 0.5

-2‰

192,

193

, 252

, 279

Dap

hnia

pul

ex (L

eydi

g, 1

860)

74, 7

7, 8

0(k

)B

-L, p

, 5-1

7‰25

8, 2

79, 3

74, 3

89Ce

rioda

phni

a affi

nis L

illje

borg

, 190

078

, 79,

80

(h)

L-B

, p19

0, 1

92, 1

93, 2

52,

Cerio

daph

nia

dubi

a Ri

char

d, 1

894

[Moi

na]

58, 7

9(s

k)L,

p, 0

.5-8

‰25

2, 2

78, 2

79, 3

74Ce

rioda

phni

a pu

lchell

a Sa

rs, 1

862

58(s

k)L,

p, 0

.5-8

‰25

2, 2

78, 2

79Ce

rioda

phni

a qu

adra

ngul

a (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

85)

58, 5

9, 6

0, 7

8(s

k)B

-L, p

, 0.5

-2‰

277,

278

, 279

, 280

Cerio

daph

nia

retic

ulat

a (J

urin

e, 18

20)

58, 8

4(s

k)M

-B-L

, p, 0

.5-2

‰25

2, 2

77, 2

78, 2

79Sc

apho

leber

is m

ucro

nata

(O. F

. Mül

ler,

1776

)58

, 59,

60,

80,

88

(sk)

B-L

, p, 0

.5-2

‰27

8, 2

80, 3

74, 3

89Si

moc

epha

lus v

etul

us (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

76)

58, 5

9, 6

0, *

68, 7

7, 8

0(s

k)B

-L, p

, 0.5

-2‰

97, 2

78, 2

79, 2

80Po

doni

dae

Evad

ne n

ordm

anni

Lov

én, 1

836

29, 6

90-

25na

mp

M, p

, eh,

epp

, et

201,

317

, 319

, 389

Evad

ne sp

inife

ra P

. E. M

ülle

r, 18

677,

11,

12,

29

amw

pM

, p, e

pp91

, 198

, 319

, 389

Pseu

deva

dne t

erge

stina

(Cla

us, 1

877)

[Eva

dne,

Pleo

pis]

7, 1

1, 1

2, 1

6, 2

90-

20am

ipM

, p91

, 198

, 319

, 389

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 89

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Podo

n in

term

ediu

s Lill

jebo

rg, 1

853

29ba

msw

pM

, p, e

pp20

1, 2

02Po

don

leuck

artii

G. O

. Sar

s, 18

627,

29,

*69

abap

bpM

, p, e

pp, 1

0‰20

1, 3

19, 3

74, 3

89Pl

eopi

s pol

ypha

emoi

des (

Leuc

art,

1859

) [Po

don]

7, 1

3, 2

9, 6

9, 7

2, 7

70-

50am

npM

-B, p

, eh

198,

201

, 304

, 317

Podo

neva

dne t

rigon

a (G

. O. S

ars,

1897

) [P.

t. o

vum

, Pod

on o

vum

]*6

9pc

, Rc

M-B

-L, p

, 5‰

317,

389

Cer

copa

gida

eCe

rcop

agis

peng

oi (O

stro

umov

, 189

1)*6

8, *

69pc

, Rc

M-B

-L, p

, 3‰

317,

385

, 389

Ost

raco

da: P

odoc

opid

aD

arw

inul

idae

Dar

win

ula

steve

nson

i (Br

ady

et R

ober

tson

, 187

0)93

(k)

L-B

, bt,

1‰18

5, 2

49, 3

89C

ando

nida

ePa

racy

pris

polit

a G

. O. S

ars,

1866

11, 2

5, 2

78,

100

clm

M, b

t, eb

, ps

233,

249

, 252

Cand

ona

negl

ecta

G. O

. Sar

s, 18

87*6

8(w

p)L-

B, b

t, 1-

5‰18

5, 2

49, 3

89Ca

ndon

opsis

kin

gslei

i (Br

ady

et R

ober

tson

, 187

0)93

(h)

L-B

, bt,

1‰18

5, 2

49, 3

89Fa

baef

orm

iscan

dona

leva

nder

i (H

irsch

man

n, 1

912)

[Can

dona

]*6

8(e

)L-

B, b

t, 1‰

185,

249

, 389

Phys

ocyp

ria k

raep

elini

G. W

. Mül

ler,

1903

[Phy

cocy

pria

klie

i]*6

8(k

)L,

bt,

1‰97

, 389

Cyp

ridi

dae

Cypr

inot

us sa

linus

(Bra

dy, 1

868)

[Het

eroc

ypri

s fre

tens

is]*6

8, *

69, *

74, 7

7,

*86,

88,

89,

90,

93,

94

(ean

)M

-B-L

, bt,

0-20

‰18

5, 2

49, 3

74, 3

89

Eucy

pris

infla

ta (G

. O. S

ars,

1903

)61

, 64,

76,

77,

*79

(mw

ca)

L-B

, bt,

eh-1

50‰

185,

249

, 389

Sars

cypr

idop

sis a

culea

ta (C

osta

, 184

7) [C

yprid

opsis

]96

(hna

t)L-

B, b

t18

5, 2

49, 3

89Cy

prid

opsis

vid

ua (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

76)

93(s

k)L-

B, b

t, 8‰

185,

249

, 389

Ples

iocy

prid

opsis

new

toni

(Bra

dy e

t Rob

erts

on, 1

870)

[Cyp

ridop

sis]

93, 9

5(w

p)L-

B, b

t, 8‰

185,

249

, 389

Pota

moc

ypri

s ste

ueri

Klie

, 193

594

(hom

)L-

B, b

t, 10

‰18

5, 2

49, 3

89H

eter

ocyp

ris m

aura

(Mas

i, 19

32)

*68

(pm

)L-

B, b

t, 1‰

185,

389

Het

eroc

ypri

s inc

ongr

uens

(Ram

dohr

, 180

8)42

(k)

L, b

t84

, 389

Traj

ancy

pris

serr

ata

G. W

. Mül

ler,

1900

[Euc

ypri

s]*6

8(e

ca)

L, b

t, 1‰

97, 3

89Il

yocy

prid

idae

Ilyoc

ypri

s bip

licat

a (K

och,

183

8)*6

8(h

)L,

bt,

1‰97

, 389

Cus

hman

idei

dae

Pont

ocyt

here

bac

esco

i (C

arai

on, 1

960)

[Cyt

erid

ea]

11, 1

2, 2

5, 7

10.

7-10

● p

M, b

t, ep

, ps

228,

249

, 392

Pont

ocyt

here

tche

rnija

wsk

ii D

ubow

sky,

1939

26, 2

710

-43

epM

, bt,

mb,

pe,

s-ps

249

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

90 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Cyt

heri

deid

ae

Cypr

idei

s tor

osa

(Jon

es, 1

850)

[C. l

ittor

alis]

*68,

*69

, 76,

77,

*78

, *7

9, 8

4, 9

3, 9

6cl

m, (

hat)

M-B

-L, b

t, ep

, 0-

30‰

, eh,

ps,

pe, p

h84

, 249

, 374

, 389

Cyth

erid

ea a

cum

inat

a (B

osqu

et, 1

952)

25, 2

6, 2

7, 2

820

-100

m, ?

em

M, b

t, eb

, pe,

s-ps

249

Lept

ocyt

herid

ae (C

ythe

ridae

)Am

nicy

ther

e qui

nque

tube

rcul

ata

(Sch

wey

er, 1

949)

[Lep

tocy

ther

e]3

pc, S

f, R

cB

-M, b

t23

7, 2

49, 2

52Am

nicy

ther

e str

iato

costa

ta (S

chw

eyer

, 194

9) [L

epto

cyth

ere]

3pc

, Sf,

Rc

B-M

, bt

237,

249

, 252

Euxi

nocy

ther

e lop

atici

(Sch

orni

kov,

1964

) [Le

ptoc

ythe

re]

3pc

, Sf,

Rc

B-M

, bt

237,

249

, 252

Lept

ocyt

here

dev

exa

Scho

rnik

ov, 1

966

3, 7

, 10,

25,

26,

27,

28

1-10

0ho

mM

, bt,

eb, p

e, sg

249,

327

, 252

Lept

ocyt

here

diff

usa

G. W

. Mül

ler,

1894

) [Ca

llisto

cyth

ere]

1-22

, 26,

27

13-7

0lm

M, b

t, eb

, pe

237,

249

, 252

Lept

ocyt

here

mac

alla

na (B

rady

et R

ober

tson

, 186

9)1-

22, 2

58-

12ce

M, b

t, ep

, pe,

ps,

sg23

7, 2

49, 2

52Le

ptoc

ythe

re m

edite

rran

ea (G

. W. M

ülle

r, 18

94) [

Calli

stocy

ther

e]1-

22, 2

4, 5

00-

10m

jM

, bt,

ep, p

e, p

s, ph

237,

249

, 252

Lept

ocyt

here

mul

tipun

ctat

a (S

egue

nza,

194

2)3,

7, 1

0, 2

5, 2

7, 2

8, 3

5-1

00m

jM

, bt,

hb, p

e, s-

ps, s

g23

7, 2

49, 2

52Le

ptoc

ythe

re n

itida

Sch

orni

kov,

1966

1-22

, 25,

26

8-15

● p

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

pe23

7, 2

49, 2

52Le

ptoc

ythe

re re

licta

Sch

orni

kov,

1964

3pc

, Sf,

Rc

M-B

, bt

237,

249

, 252

Trac

hyle

beri

dida

eCa

rinoc

ythe

reis

carin

ata

(Roe

mer

, 183

8) [C

. ant

iqua

ta, C

ythe

reis]

1-22

, 25,

26

20-8

0cl

mM

, bt,

eb-h

b, p

e, s-

ps22

5, 2

49, 3

92H

ilter

man

nicy

ther

e rub

ra (G

. W. M

ülle

r, 18

94) [

H. r

. pon

tica,

Car

inoc

ythe

reis]

1-22

, 25,

26,

27,

28

2-10

0m

, ? e

mM

, bt,

eb, p

e, s,

ps

225,

249

, 392

Hem

icyt

heri

dae

Auril

a du

bow

skyi

Sch

orni

kov,

1969

240.

4-10

● p

M, b

t, ep

, ph,

ro24

9H

emic

ythe

re si

cula

(Bra

dy, 1

902)

[Cyt

here

]*6

8, *

69pc

aM

-B, b

t, 1-

12‰

185,

249

, 374

, 389

Lim

nocy

ther

idae

Lim

nocy

ther

e ino

pina

ta (B

aird

, 184

3)*6

8(h

)B

-L, b

t, 1‰

185,

249

, 389

Cyt

hero

mat

idae

(Cyt

hero

mid

ae)

Cyth

erom

a ka

rada

gien

sis D

ubow

sky,

1939

7, 2

4, 2

5, 2

6, 2

75-

80m

M, b

t, eb

, ps,

ph, p

e22

5, 2

49, 3

92Cy

ther

oma

mar

inov

i Sch

orni

kov,

1969

24, 2

5, 2

615

-30

● p

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

ph, p

e24

9Cy

ther

oma

varia

bilis

G. W

. Mül

ler,

1894

26, 2

720

-80

adep

M, b

t, eb

, pe

249

Cyt

heri

dae

Pont

ocyt

hero

ma

aren

aria

Mar

inov

, 196

37,

11,

25

10-2

5●

pM

, bt,

ep, p

s22

7, 2

49, 3

92Pa

racy

ther

idea

pau

lii D

ubow

sky,

1939

8, 1

1, 1

2, 2

52-

20●

pM

, bt,

ep, p

s22

8, 2

49, 3

92Pa

rvoc

ythe

re h

artm

anni

Mar

inov

, 196

225

, 35

● p

M, b

t, ps

, gw

225,

249

, 392

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 91

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Loxo

conc

hida

eLo

xoco

ncha

aes

tuar

ii M

arin

ov, 1

963

86●

pM

-B, b

t, pe

, s-p

s22

8, 2

49, 3

92Lo

xoco

ncha

bul

garic

a C

arai

on, 1

961

16, 2

3, 2

6-5

● p

M, b

t, ep

, pe,

zc

80, 2

49, 3

92Lo

xoco

ncha

ellip

tica

Brad

y, 18

68 [L

. gau

thie

ri]*6

8, 8

4, *

86, 8

8cl

mM

-B, b

t, eh

185,

249

, 374

, 389

Loxo

conc

ha g

ranu

lata

G. O

. Sar

s, 18

661-

22, 2

6, 2

7, 2

820

-100

clm

M, b

t, eb

, pe

225,

249

, 392

Loxo

conc

ha im

pres

sa (B

aird

,7

bam

M, b

t, sl

225,

392

Loxo

conc

ha li

ttora

lis G

. W. M

ülle

r, 18

94 [L

. pen

natu

s, Sa

gmat

ocyt

here

]8,

25

m, ?

hom

M, b

t, ps

228,

249

, 392

Loxo

conc

ha n

ana

Mar

inov

, 196

2 [T

uber

olox

ocon

cha]

7, 2

5, 3

3●

pM

, bt,

ps, i

f22

5, 2

49, 3

92Lo

xoco

ncha

pon

tica

Klie

, 193

77,

16,

24,

77,

*86

0-5

clm

M, b

t, se

p, p

h84

, 185

, 249

, 389

Loxo

conc

ha rh

ombo

idea

(Fisc

her,

1855

)3,

7, 1

0, 1

7, 2

4, 2

6, 2

75-

50cl

m, ?

bam

M, b

t, m

b, e

h, s-

ph-r

o24

7, 2

49, 2

52M

icrol

oxoc

onch

a m

arin

ovi S

chor

niko

v, 19

697,

21,

22,

25

2-3

● p,

Ebg

M, b

t, se

p, p

s23

3, 2

49, 2

52C

ythe

ruri

dae

Eucy

ther

ura

bulg

arica

Klie

, 193

7 [H

emic

ythe

rura

]16

, 24,

89

0-15

● p

M, b

t, ep

, ph

185,

249

, 389

Pseu

docy

ther

ura

pont

ica D

ubow

sky,

1939

8, 1

1, 1

2, 2

55-

25●

pM

, bt,

ep, p

s22

8, 2

49, 3

92Se

mic

ythe

rura

cala

miti

ca S

chor

niko

v, 19

693,

7, 1

0, 2

5-2

5●

pM

, bt,

ep, p

s24

9, 2

52Se

mic

ythe

rura

euxi

nica

(Car

aion

, 196

7)3,

7, 1

0, 1

7, 2

5-2

0●

pM

, bt,

ep, p

s24

9, 2

52Se

mic

ythe

rura

pon

tica

(Mar

inov

, 196

2) [C

ythe

rura

, Lev

ocyt

heru

ra]

7, 1

1, 2

5-7

● p,

Ebg

M, b

t, ep

, ps

225,

249

, 252

Sem

icyt

heru

ra v

irgat

a Sc

horn

ikov

, 196

92,

3, 5

, 7, 1

0, 2

5-2

5●

pM

, bt,

ep, p

s24

9, 2

52Le

vocy

ther

ura

rem

anei

(Mar

inov

, 196

2) [C

ythe

rura

, Sem

icyt

heru

ra]

8, 1

1, 1

2, 2

55-

10●

pM

, bt,

ep, p

s22

8, 2

49, 3

92M

icroc

ythe

rura

fulv

oide

s Dub

owsk

y, 19

3911

, 25

● p

M, b

t, ep

, ps

225,

249

, 392

Micr

ocyt

heru

ra n

igre

scen

s G. W

. Mül

ler,

1894

3, 4

, 7, 2

51-

30m

, ? h

omM

, bt,

ep-m

e, p

s24

7, 2

49, 2

52X

esto

lebe

ridi

dae

Xesto

leber

is au

rant

ia (B

aird

, 183

8)24

*, 6

9-5

nam

niM

, bt,

ep, p

h18

5, 2

49, 3

89Xe

stoleb

eris

corn

elii C

arai

on, 1

963

24, 2

5, 2

71.

5-90

mM

, bt,

eb, p

h, p

e, p

s-s

249

Xesto

leber

is de

cipie

ns (G

. W. M

ülle

r, 18

94)

24, *

860-

25ho

mM

, bt,

eb, p

h18

5, 2

49, 3

89M

icro

cyth

erid

aeM

icroc

ythe

re lo

ngia

nten

nata

Mar

inov

, 196

27,

11-

22, 2

5, 5

1●

p, E

bgM

, bt,

eb, p

s22

5, 2

49, 3

92M

icroc

ythe

re v

arne

nsis

Mar

inov

, 196

225

, 35,

51

● p,

Ebg

M, b

t, eb

, l, p

s, gw

225,

249

, 389

Byth

ocyt

heri

dae

Byth

ocyt

here

turg

ida

G. O

. Sar

s, 18

663,

7, 1

0, 2

1, 2

2, 2

4, 2

8-7

0, 1

00ab

amM

, bt,

hb, p

h, p

hs24

7, 2

49, 2

52Sc

leroc

hilu

s gew

emue

lleri

Dub

owsk

y, 19

39 [S

. g. d

ubow

skyi

]7,

23,

24,

27,

28

3-10

0cl

mM

, bt,

eb, p

h-zc

-phs

225,

249

, 392

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

92 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Para

doxo

stom

atid

ae, C

ythe

rida

eCy

ther

ois c

arcin

itica

Mar

inov

, 196

424

, 25

10-2

0●

pM

, bt,

ep, p

s, ph

, ro

249

Cyth

eroi

s cep

a K

lie, 1

937

23, 2

4, *

79, *

86-2

● p

M, b

t, se

b, e

h, p

h18

5, 2

49, 3

89Cy

ther

ois m

essa

mbr

iens

is M

arin

ov, 1

964

[C. p

seud

ovitr

ea m

essa

mbr

iens

is]11

, 25

● p,

Ebg

M, b

t, ep

, ps

228,

249

, 392

Cyth

eroi

s pon

tica

Mar

inov

, 196

611

, 25

10-1

5●

p, E

bgM

, bt,

ep, p

s23

4, 2

49, 3

92Cy

ther

ois p

seud

ovitr

ea D

ubow

sky,

1939

[C. p

. pse

udov

itrea

]24

, 25

● p

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

ph24

9Cy

ther

ois v

alka

novi

Klie

, 193

723

, 24,

*69

-25

● p

M, b

t, ep

, ph,

zc

186,

249

, 389

Para

doxo

stom

a ab

brev

iata

G. O

. Sar

s, 18

667,

20

clm

M, b

t22

8, 3

92Pa

rado

xosto

ma

conv

exum

Sch

orni

kov,

1965

23, 2

4-4

● p

M, b

t, se

p, p

h, z

c24

9Pa

rado

xosto

ma

gutta

tum

Sch

orni

kov,

1965

24-3

0●

pM

, bt,

ep-m

b, p

h, ro

249

Para

doxo

stom

a in

term

ediu

m G

. W. M

ülle

r, 18

9423

, 24,

*69,

*86

-30

m, ?

hom

M, b

t, ep

, ph,

slc,

zc

185,

249

, 389

Para

doxo

stom

a po

nticu

m K

lie e

t Whi

ttake

r, 19

4224

, *86

-10

lmM

, bt,

ep, p

h, lt

185,

186

, 249

, 392

Para

doxo

stom

a sim

ile G

. W. M

ülle

r, 18

9420

, 24,

27,

28

15-8

3m

, hom

M, b

t, eb

, phc

-ms-

phs

228,

249

, 392

Cop

epod

a: C

alan

oida

Cal

anid

aeCa

lanu

s eux

inus

Hul

sem

ann,

199

1 [?

C. h

elgol

andi

cus]

7, 1

0-17

, 29

● p

M, p

160,

163

, 269

, 334

? Cal

anus

helg

olan

dicu

s (C

laus

, 186

3)3,

7, 1

0, 1

7, 2

90-

150

amp

M, p

, et

120,

198

, 319

, 389

Para

cala

nida

ePa

raca

lanu

s par

vus (

Cla

us, 1

863)

7, 1

0-17

, 29,

77

0-15

0K

M, p

, pp,

et

91, 2

01, 3

04, 3

89C

laus

ocal

anid

ae (P

seud

ocal

anid

ae)

Pseu

doca

lanu

s elo

ngat

us (B

oeck

, 186

5)7,

10-

17, 2

9, 6

90-

200

anam

npM

, p19

8, 3

17, 3

19, 3

89Te

mor

idae

Eury

tem

ora

affini

s (Po

ppe,

1880

)7,

29,

58,

80

anap

nep,

(h)

M-B

, p, e

pp, e

h11

0, 2

52, 2

78, 2

79Eu

ryte

mor

a la

custr

is (P

oppe

, 188

7)59

cpM

, p, e

h, 0

.5-0

.8‰

280

Eury

tem

ora

velo

x (L

illje

borg

, 185

3)59

, 60,

71,

77,

80,

88

, 93

cpc,

(tp)

M-B

, p, e

h, 0

-10‰

280,

294

, 374

, 389

Cen

trop

agid

ae? C

entro

page

s kro

yeri

Gie

sbre

cht,

1893

3, 7

, 10-

17, 7

6, 7

7am

ipM

, p91

, 304

, 319

, 374

Cent

ropa

ges p

ontic

us K

arav

aev,

1895

[C. k

roye

ri po

ntica

, ? C

. kro

yeri]

7, 1

1, 1

2, 2

9, *

69,

76, 7

7m

rsM

, p, ■

114,

198

Dia

ptom

idae

Arct

odia

ptom

us b

yzan

tius M

ann,

194

0 [A

. byz

antin

us]

42(s

eea)

L25

2, 2

77, 2

79

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 93

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Arct

odia

ptom

us sa

linus

(Dad

ay, 1

885)

[Dia

ptom

us]

(po)

L, p

, 10‰

91, 2

79, 3

89N

eolo

venu

la a

lluau

di (G

uern

e et

Ric

hard

, 189

0) [L

oven

ula,

Par

adia

ptom

us]

78(h

om)

L, p

192,

252

, 279

Pseu

dodi

apto

mid

ae

Cala

nipe

da a

quae

dulci

s Krit

chag

in, 1

873

7, 1

3, 2

9, 5

9, 6

0, *

68-

70, *

74, 7

6-80

, 83,

85,

88

, 90,

92-

95lm

, (ho

m)

B-L

, p, e

h, e

t19

8, 2

01, 2

79, 2

80,

317,

319

, 374

, 389

Pont

ellid

aeAn

omal

ocer

a pa

ters

oni T

empl

eton

, 183

77,

29

amip

M, p

, et,

■19

8, 2

01, 3

19, 3

89La

bido

cera

bru

nesc

ens (

Cze

rnia

vsky

, 186

8)7,

29

lmm

M, p

, eh,

th, ■

198,

201

, 319

, 389

Pont

ella

med

iterr

anea

(Cla

us, 1

863)

7, 1

2, 2

9, *

69lm

mM

, p, ■

91, 1

98, 3

19, 3

89A

cart

iidae

Acar

tia cl

ausi

Gie

sbre

cht,

1889

7, 1

0-17

, 29,

68,

69,

76

, 77,

80,

84

0-50

K, a

amip

M, p

, 10‰

, et

91, 1

98, 2

01, 3

04,

317,

319

, 374

, 389

Acar

tia to

nsa

Dan

a, 1

84

29an

tam

ip, K

, iM

, p, t

h16

0, 2

04, 3

55Pa

raca

rtia

latis

etos

a (K

ritch

agin

, 187

3) [A

cart

ia]

7, *

69, *

79, 8

4lm

mw

iM

, p, 1

0‰, t

h27

9, 3

17, 3

19, 3

74C

opep

oda:

Mon

stril

loid

aM

onst

rilli

dae

Mon

strill

a gr

andi

s Gie

sbre

cht,

1891

7, 1

1, 2

9am

rsp

M, p

91, 1

98, 3

19, 3

89C

opep

oda:

Cyc

lopo

ida

Oith

onid

aeO

ithon

a br

evico

rnis

Gie

sbre

cht,

1891

29am

ipM

-B-L

, p32

4O

ithon

a da

visa

e Fer

rari

F.D. &

Ors

i, 19

842-

17SK

, iM

-B-L

, p, e

h, is

269,

355

Oith

ona

min

uta

(Kric

hagi

n, 1

877;

Sco

tt, 1

894)

[? O

. nan

a, D

ioith

ona]

7, 1

1, 1

2, 2

9, *

68,

*79,

84,

*86

, 88

20am

ipM

-B-L

, p, e

h, ■

84, 1

14, 1

98, 2

01,

317,

319

, 374

, 389

Oith

ona

nana

Gie

sbre

cht,

1893

[? =

O. m

inut

a]10

-17,

29

KM

-B-L

, p, e

h16

0, 3

24O

ithon

a sim

ilis C

laus

, 186

67,

10-

17, 1

6, 2

920

-K

M-B

-L, p

, eh,

epp

198,

201

, 319

, 389

Cyc

lopi

dae

Hal

icyc

lops

rotu

ndip

es K

iefe

r, 19

35 [H

. r. r

otun

dipe

s]*6

9, 8

4, 8

8(n

em)

B, p

, 0-1

0‰27

9, 3

74, 3

89M

acro

cyclo

ps a

lbid

us (J

urin

e, 18

20)

59, 6

0(k

)L,

p, 0

.5-0

.8‰

279,

280

Mac

rocy

clops

fusc

us (J

urin

e, 18

20)

59, 6

0(h

n, ?

sk)

L, p

, 0.5

-0.8

‰27

9, 2

80Eu

cyclo

ps m

acru

roid

es (L

illje

borg

, 190

1) [E

. m. m

acru

roid

es]

85(p

at)

L, p

, 0-3

0‰25

2, 2

77

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

94 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Eucy

clops

serr

ulat

us (F

ische

r, 18

51) [

Cyclo

ps]

58-6

0, *

68, 7

6, 7

7,

*79,

80,

85,

*86

, 88,

92

, 93

(sk,

? k

)L,

p, 0

.5-8

‰25

2, 2

77, 2

78, 2

80,

374,

389

Eucy

clops

sper

atus

(Lill

jebo

rg, 1

901)

60(h

ptn,

? sk

)L,

p, 0

.5-0

.8‰

279,

280

Eury

te lo

ngica

uda

Phili

ppi,

1843

3na

m, ?

nam

nzM

, p, r

160,

355

Para

cyclo

ps a

ffini

s (G

. O. S

ars,

1863

)60

(hpt

)L,

p, 0

.5-0

.8‰

279,

280

Para

cyclo

ps fi

mbr

iatu

s (Fi

sche

r, 18

53)

90(s

k)L,

p, 0

-30

‰25

2, 2

77Ec

tocy

clops

pha

lerat

us (K

och,

183

8)60

(sk)

L, p

, 0.5

-0.8

‰27

9, 2

80

Cyclo

ps st

renu

us F

ische

r, 18

5158

, 60,

78,

79,

80,

84,

*8

6, 9

2(h

)L,

p, e

h19

2, 1

93, 2

52, 2

77,

278,

280

Cyclo

ps v

icinu

s Ulja

nin,

187

5 [C

. v. v

icinu

s]7,

13,

29,

58-

60, 7

8,

79, 8

4, 9

2(h

o)L,

p, e

h11

0, 1

92, 1

93, 1

98,

177,

201

, 278

, 280

Meg

acyc

lops

latip

es (L

ownd

es, 1

927)

[Aca

ntho

cyclo

ps]

92(h

)L,

p25

2, 2

77

Meg

acyc

lops

viri

dis (

Jurin

e, 18

20) [

M. v

. viri

dis,

Cyclo

ps]

58, 5

9, 6

0, *

68, *

69,

*86,

88

(hpt

n, ?

sk)

L, p

, 6‰

278,

280

, 374

, 389

Acan

thoc

yclo

ps ro

bustu

s (G

. O. S

ars,

1863

) [? A

. am

erica

nus]

58, 5

9, 6

0, 7

7, 8

0, *

86(h

na, ?

sk),

iL,

p, i

s25

2, 2

77, 2

78, 2

80Ac

anth

ocyc

lops

ver

nalis

(Fisc

her,

1853

)78

, 79,

85,

92

(sk,

? k

)L,

p, e

pp19

2, 1

93, 2

52, 2

77

Dia

cyclo

ps b

icusp

idat

us (C

laus

, 185

7)[D

. b. o

dess

anus

, Aca

ntho

cyclo

ps, C

yclo

ps]

59, 6

0, 7

9, 8

4, 8

5,

*86,

92

(h, ?

hn)

L, p

, 20‰

, eh

252,

277

, 280

, 374

Dia

cyclo

ps b

iseto

sus (

Rehb

erg,

188

0) [A

cant

hocy

clops

, Cyc

lops

]33

(ha)

L, p

, 10‰

252,

277

, 374

, 389

Met

acyc

lops

pla

nus (

Gur

ney,

1909

) [M

icroc

yclo

ps]

42(w

p)L,

p25

2, 2

78M

icroc

yclo

ps m

inut

us C

laus

, 186

3 [?

Met

acyc

lops

]69

(? p

at)

L, p

279,

334

Micr

ocyc

lops

var

icans

(G. O

. Sar

s, 18

63)

76(s

k, ?

k)

L, p

, eh

119,

259

Mes

ocyc

lops

leuc

kart

i (C

laus

, 185

7)59

, 60,

76,

92

(tp)

L, p

, 0.5

-0.8

‰25

2, 2

77, 2

79, 2

80Th

erm

ocyc

lops

cras

sus (

Fisc

her,

1853

) [M

esoc

yclo

ps]

79, 8

0(h

ptn,

? sk

)L,

p, 0

.5‰

193,

252

Ther

moc

yclo

ps d

ybow

skii

(Lan

dé, 1

890)

60(w

cp, ?

hop

)L,

p, 0

.5-0

.8‰

279,

280

Ther

moc

yclo

ps o

ithon

oide

s (G

. O. S

ars,

1863

)60

(hop

, ? h

)L,

p, 0

.5-0

.8‰

279,

280

Lern

aeid

aeLe

rnae

a cy

prin

acea

Lin

naeu

s, 17

5860

(h)

L, e

c38

9C

opep

oda:

Har

pact

icoi

daLo

ngip

ediid

aeLo

ngip

edia

min

or T

. Sco

tt et

A. S

cott,

189

3 [L

. pon

tica]

7, 1

0, 1

2, 2

4, 2

5, 2

710

-100

cpM

, bt-p

, eb,

ph-

sg-s

13, 1

7, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52C

anue

llida

e

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 95

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Canu

ella

perp

lexa

T. S

cott

et A

. Sco

tt, 1

893

7, 2

4, 2

5, 2

7, 6

1, 7

6,

78, 8

8-6

5na

mM

, bt-p

, mb,

eh,

12-

50‰

, ph-

ps-s

185,

249

, 252

, 304

, 38

9Ca

nuell

a fu

rcig

era

G. O

. Sar

s, 19

031-

22, 2

5, 2

6, 7

6, 9

6-5

0ab

amM

, bt,

mb,

ps,

ps-s

17, 1

8, 3

1, 4

3, 2

40Ca

nuell

a po

ntica

Apo

stol

ov, 1

971

25, 3

5, 5

1, 8

6, 8

7●

pM

, bt,

l, ps

, gw

16, 1

8, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52Su

nari

stes p

agur

i Hes

se, 1

867

cp, ?

am

ipM

, bt,

co, e

p17

, 31

Ectin

osom

atid

aeEc

tinos

oma

mela

nice

ps B

oeck

, 186

516

, 24-

27, *

69, 7

6, *

861-

100

amip

M, b

t-p, e

b, p

h, p

s, s

31, 8

4, 1

85, 2

49Ec

tinos

oma

norm

ani T

. Sco

tt et

A. S

cott,

189

424

, 25,

27

1-10

0cl

mM

, bt,

eb, p

h, p

s, s-

ps17

, 31,

249

Ectin

osom

a so

yeri

Apos

tolo

v, 19

7519

, 20,

35,

51

● p

M, b

t, l,

ps, g

w24

, 31,

249

, 252

Hal

ectin

osom

a ab

rau

(Krit

chag

in, 1

877)

[Ect

inos

oma]

35, 5

1ab

am, (

wcp

)M

-B, b

t, eh

, ps,

gw16

, 31,

249

, 252

Hal

ectin

osom

a br

eviro

stre (

G. O

. Sar

s, 19

04) [

Ectin

osom

a]7,

12,

23,

25,

27,

29

1.5-

50ba

pM

, bt-p

, mb,

zc,

ps,

s17

, 31,

249

, 252

Hal

ectin

osom

a cu

rtico

rne (

Boec

k, 1

872)

[Ect

inos

oma]

25, 3

5, 8

4, 9

60-

15ab

am, (

h)M

, bt,

ep, p

s, ps

-s, g

w31

, 249

, 252

, 263

Hal

ectin

osom

a elo

ngat

um (G

. O. S

ars,

1904

) [Ec

tinos

oma]

7, 2

4, 2

5, 2

6-3

0ba

pM

, bt,

ep, p

h, p

s, ps

-s17

, 31,

43,

249

, 252

Hal

ectin

osom

a he

rdm

ani (

T. S

cott

et A

. Sco

tt, 1

894)

[Ect

inos

oma]

1-22

, 24,

25,

26,

29

5-6,

30

cp, ?

clm

M, b

t-p, e

u, p

h, p

s, s

13, 1

7, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52Ps

eudo

brad

ya b

edui

na M

onar

d, 1

935

7, 1

7, 2

4, 2

52-

12cp

, ? c

lmM

, bt,

ep, p

s, ph

, ps-

s26

, 31,

249

, 252

Pseu

dobr

adya

min

or (T

. Sco

tt et

A. S

cott,

189

6)3,

7, 1

0, 1

3, 2

5, 2

65-

25ac

pM

, bt,

ep, p

s, ps

-s31

, 246

, 249

, 252

Gla

brot

elson

bod

ini A

post

olov

, 197

4 [H

astig

erell

a]2,

35,

51

● p

M, b

t, ls

, ps,

gw23

, 31,

249

, 252

Noo

dtie

lla w

ellsi

Apos

tolo

v, 19

742,

35

0.80

● p

M, b

t, ls

, ps,

gw23

, 31,

249

, 252

Dar

cyth

omps

oniid

aeLe

ptoc

aris

brev

icorn

is (v

an D

ouw

e, 19

05) [

Hor

siella

]25

, *78

, *79

nam

, (w

cp)

M, b

t, ep

, l, e

h, p

h, p

s31

, 249

, 386

, 389

Tach

idiid

aeM

icroa

rthr

idio

n lit

tora

le (P

oppe

, 188

1)7,

25

abap

, (h)

M-B

, bt,

l, ep

, ps,

if31

, 240

, 246

, 249

Har

pact

icid

aeH

arpa

cticu

s flex

us B

rady

et D

. Rob

erts

on, 1

873

1-22

, 24,

25

1-2

clm

, ? c

pM

, bt,

ep, p

h, p

s, s,

eu14

, 15,

31,

43,

182

Har

pact

icus g

racil

is C

laus

, 186

3 [H

. nica

eens

is va

r. po

ntica

]7,

24,

25,

29,

35

nam

niM

, bt,

ep, p

h, (p

, ps)

31, 2

49, 3

04, 3

19H

arpa

cticu

s litt

oral

is G

. O. S

ars,

1910

13, 1

6, 2

4, 2

5, 2

9, 7

6na

mni

M, e

p, p

h, (p

, ps)

, co

14, 1

5, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52H

arpa

cticu

s nica

eens

is C

laus

, 186

61-

5, 1

1, 1

2, 1

3, 2

4, 2

5na

m, ?

bap

M, b

t, ep

, ph,

(ps)

31, 9

1, 1

57, 2

49H

arpa

cticu

s obs

curu

s T. S

cott,

189

57,

24,

29

clp,

? c

lmM

, bt,

ep, p

h, (p

)31

, 84,

249

, 389

Har

pact

icus u

nire

mis

Krö

yer,

1842

20, 2

4, 3

5, 5

1an

ap, (

h)M

, bt,

eh, p

h, g

w, s,

r15

, 17,

31,

249

, 252

Tigr

iopu

s ful

vus (

Fisc

her,

1860

) [H

arpa

cticu

s]32

, 33

neam

npM

, 10-

60‰

, spr

57, 3

92Ti

sbid

ae

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

96 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Tisb

e dila

tata

Klie

, 194

920

, 21,

22,

24

2-25

cp,

M, b

t, ep

, sl,

ph-r

o31

, 84,

249

, 389

Tisb

e fur

cata

(Bai

rd, 1

837)

[Idy

a]7,

13,

24,

29,

76

anam

inp,

? K

M, b

t, p,

sl, p

h, e

u31

, 84,

249

, 304

Scut

ellid

ium

art

huri

Popp

e, 18

8424

abap

M, b

t, ep

, ph

17, 3

1, 2

49Sc

utell

idiu

m lo

ngica

uda

(Phi

lippi

, 184

0) [M

acha

iropu

s, Ps

amm

athe

]7,

11,

12,

24

amM

, bt,

ep, p

h31

, 91,

157

, 249

Porc

ellid

iidae

Porc

ellid

ium

viri

de (P

hilip

pi, 1

840)

7, 2

4cl

mw

iM

, bt,

ep, p

h17

, 31,

249

, 252

Pelti

diid

aeAl

teut

ha ty

pica

Cze

rnia

vski

, 186

81-

22, 2

4●

pM

, bt,

ep, p

h20

, 31,

243

, 249

Tega

stid

aeTe

gaste

s lon

gim

anus

(Cla

us, 1

863)

1-22

, 24,

35

clp,

? c

lmM

, bt,

ep, p

h, (g

w)

17, 2

5, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52Th

ales

trid

aeTh

ales

tris

long

iman

a C

laus

, 186

313

, 24,

25,

29

-35,

100

bam

, ? b

apM

, bt (

p), e

b, p

h, p

s, s

16, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52Th

ales

tris

rufo

viol

asce

ns C

laus

, 186

613

, 24,

25

-30

clm

M, b

t, ep

, ph,

ps-

sg, s

15, 1

6, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52Pa

rath

ales

tris

claus

i (N

orm

an, 1

868)

20, 2

4, 2

5, 2

6, 2

725

-50

clp

M, b

t, m

b, p

h, p

s-s,

et17

, 31,

249

, 252

Para

thal

estr

is do

vi M

arcu

s, 19

6613

, 24,

25

-12

lp, ?

clp

M, b

t, ep

, sl,

ph-lt

17, 3

1, 1

82, 2

49Pa

rath

ales

tris

harp

acto

ides

(Cla

us, 1

863)

7, 2

4, 2

5, 3

50-

50cp

, ? c

lmM

, mb,

ph,

ps,

s, co

31, 8

4, 2

49, 3

89Ph

yllo

thal

estr

is m

ysis

(Cla

us, 1

863)

[Phy

llopo

dops

illus

]11

, 12,

24,

25,

27

-90

clm

iM

, bt,

eb, p

s, ph

, s, e

t31

, 91,

249

, 389

Rhy

ncho

thal

estr

idae

Ambu

ngui

pes r

ufoc

inct

a (B

rady

, 188

0) [R

hync

hoth

ales

tris]

3, 2

4, 2

5na

mi,

? ba

mi

M, b

t, eb

, ph,

ps-

pe17

, 31,

249

, 252

Dac

tylo

pusi

idae

Dia

rthr

odes

ass

imili

s (G

. O. S

ars,

1906

)24

cpne

iM

, bt,

ep, s

l, ph

17, 3

1, 2

49D

iart

hrod

es m

inut

us (C

laus

, 186

3)24

, *69

bam

M, b

t, ep

, sl,

ph, e

h31

, 185

, 249

, 389

Dia

rthr

odes

nob

ilis (

Baird

, 184

5)7,

16,

20,

24,

29,

66

-25

amsw

pM

, bt (

p), e

p, sl

c, p

s-s

17, 2

0, 3

1, 2

43, 2

49D

iart

hrod

es p

ontic

us (K

ritch

agin

, 187

3) [D

. p. o

rient

alis]

7, 1

3, 1

6, 2

4, 2

5-2

5cl

mw

iM

, bt,

ep, p

h, p

s, sg

17, 2

4, 3

1, 1

82, 2

63D

iart

hrod

es p

ygm

aeus

(T. S

cott

et A

. Sco

tt, 1

895)

16, 2

4am

iM

, bt,

ep, p

h, r

17, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52D

acty

lopu

sia ti

sboi

des (

Cla

us, 1

863)

[Dac

tylo

podi

a]7,

11,

12,

24,

25,

35

-30,

50

amin

z, ?

SK

M, p

h, g

w, (s

g, s)

, co

31, 9

1, 1

85, 2

49D

acty

lopu

sia v

ulga

ris G

. O. S

ars,

1905

[Dac

tylo

podi

a]20

, 24,

25,

29,

35

-100

abam

M, b

t (p)

, ph,

gw

(ps)

13, 1

4, 1

7, 3

1, 2

49Pa

rada

ctyl

opod

ia b

revi

corn

is (C

laus

, 186

6) [D

acty

lopu

sia]

1, 1

1, 1

2, 2

4, 2

5, 3

5-4

0, 1

00na

min

z, ?

SK

M, b

t, ph

, ps,

ro, g

w31

, 91,

249

, 389

Para

dact

ylop

odia

latip

es (B

oeck

, 186

5)7,

20,

24,

25,

35

-20,

100

nam

niM

, bt,

ph, g

w, sg

, s, r

14, 1

5, 1

7, 2

0, 3

1,

182,

249

, 252

Pseu

dota

chid

iidae

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 97

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Dac

tylo

pode

lla fl

ava

(Cla

us, 1

866)

7, 2

4, 2

5, 2

6, 2

78-

110

acm

nzM

, bt,

eb, p

h, p

s, s

31, 2

43, 2

49, 2

52Pa

rast

enhe

liida

ePa

raste

nheli

a ho

rnell

i I. C

. Thom

pson

et A

. Sco

tt, 1

903

16, 2

0, 2

4an

pip

M, b

t, ep

, ph,

r20

, 31,

182

, 249

Para

stenh

elia

redu

cta

Apos

tolo

v, 19

7520

, 21,

25

5●

pM

, bt,

ep, p

s, r

24, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52Pa

raste

nheli

a sp

inos

a (F

ische

r, 18

60) [

P. s.

bul

garic

a, P.

forfi

cula

lito

ralis

]7,

16,

24

-25

nam

inz,

? S

KM

, bt,

ep, p

h, p

s31

, 84,

249

, 389

Mir

aciid

ae, D

iosa

ccid

aeSt

enhe

lia el

isabe

thae

Por

, 196

0 [D

elava

lia]

1-22

, 25,

26

cp, ?

clp

M, b

t, sl

, pe,

co

31, 2

40, 2

49, 2

52St

enhe

lia n

orm

ani (

T. S

cott,

190

5) [D

elava

lia]

7, 1

3, 2

4, 2

5, 2

7, 2

86-

100

clm

M, b

t, eb

, ps,

pe, p

h16

, 18,

31,

43,

249

Sten

helia

pal

ustr

is (B

rady

, 186

8) [D

elava

lia]

7, 2

5, 2

610

bam

, ? b

apM

, bt,

ep, e

h, p

s, pe

17, 3

1, 4

3, 2

49, 2

52St

enhe

lia p

roxi

ma

G. O

. Sar

s, 19

077,

25,

26,

27

10-3

0cp

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

pe, p

h17

, 31,

43,

249

Sten

helia

refle

xa B

rady

et D

. Rob

erts

on, 1

880

[Dela

valia

]10

, 25

-25

anam

M, b

t, sl

, ep,

ps

17, 3

1, 2

46, 2

49St

enhe

lia te

thys

ensis

Mon

ard,

192

8 [D

elava

lia]

7, 1

2, 2

5, 2

710

-100

m, ?

nm

M, b

t, eb

, pe,

ps-

s31

, 84,

91,

249

, 389

Dio

sacc

us te

nuico

rnis

(Cla

us, 1

863)

7, 1

7, 1

8, 2

4, 2

5, 3

515

-30

nam

M, b

t, ep

, ph,

ps,

gw20

, 31,

249

, 252

Dio

sacc

us v

arico

lor (

Farr

an, 1

913)

[D. v

. bia

rticu

latu

s]24

lm, ?

clm

M, b

t, ph

26, 3

1, 2

49Ro

bert

soni

a kn

oxi (

I. C

. Thom

pson

et A

. Sco

tt, 1

903)

7, 1

6, 2

0, 2

5, 2

7, 2

815

-100

nam

iM

, bt,

ps-s

, ms,

phs

10, 3

1, 2

48, 2

490

Robe

rtso

nia

mon

ardi

(Klie

, 193

7) [V

arna

ia]

24, 2

5, 6

90.

3-3

cpM

, bt,

sep,

ps-

s, ph

31, 1

85, 2

49, 3

89Sa

rsam

phia

scus

caud

aesp

inos

us (B

rian,

192

7) [A

mph

iasc

us]

24, 2

7, 2

8-1

50m

, ? n

mM

, bt,

hb, p

e, p

h31

, 42

Sars

amph

iasc

us g

racil

is La

ng, 1

936

[Am

phia

scus

]24

apM

, bt,

ph, l

t15

, 17,

31

Sars

amph

iasc

us p

ropi

nquu

s (G

. O. S

ars,

1906

) [Am

phia

scus

, A. a

ngus

tipes

]7,

18,

24,

25,

35

0-20

ami

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

ph, g

w31

, 242

, 249

Sars

amph

iasc

us si

nuat

us (G

. O. S

ars,

1906

) [Am

phia

scus

]16

, 24,

25,

27,

28,

29

30-1

50na

m, ?

bam

M, b

t (p)

, ph,

ps,

pe14

, 15,

31,

249

, 252

Amph

iasc

opsis

cinc

tus (

Cla

us, 1

866)

13, 2

46

amip

, ? S

KM

, bt,

sep,

ph,

lt17

, 26,

31,

249

, 252

Amph

iasc

opsis

min

utus

(Cla

us, 1

863)

[Am

phia

scus

]11

, 13,

20,

24,

25,

35

0-10

amne

p, S

KM

, bt,

ep, p

h, p

s, gw

14, 1

5, 3

1, 2

43, 2

49Am

phia

scop

sis th

ales

troid

es (G

. O. S

ars,

1911

) [Am

phia

scus

latil

obus

]7,

24,

25

clm

M, b

t, ps

, ph

31, 8

4, 2

49, 3

89Am

onar

dia

norm

ani (

Brad

y, 18

72)

13, 2

0, 2

4, 2

5, 2

7, 3

5-8

5ap

M, b

t, eb

, ph,

ps,

pe15

, 17,

31,

243

, 249

Amon

ardi

a sim

ilis (

Cla

us, 1

866)

24, 2

5, 2

6-3

0lm

M, b

t, ep

, ph,

ps,

s13

, 31,

249

Pseu

dam

phia

scop

sis a

ttenu

atus

(G. O

. Sar

s, 19

06)

13, 1

8, 2

5-2

0cl

m, ?

nam

M, b

t, ep

, ps

26, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52

Amph

iasc

us lo

ngiro

stris

(Cla

us, 1

863)

[Par

amph

iasc

opsis

]1-

22, 2

4, 2

5, 2

7, 2

85-

98ha

mM

, bt (

p), e

b, e

h, e

t, eu

, ph,

ps,

s14

, 15,

17,

31,

240

, 24

6, 2

49, 2

52

Bulb

amph

iasc

us im

us (B

rady

, 187

2)1-

22, 2

5-28

10-2

00na

min

zM

, bt,

eb, e

u, p

e, sg

, s,

ms,

phs,

ph17

, 31,

243

, 246

, 24

8, 2

49, 2

52

Robe

rtgu

rney

a ol

igoc

haet

a N

oodt

, 195

51-

22, 2

5, 3

50-

20lm

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

ps-s

, gw

17, 1

8, 2

7, 3

1, 2

40,

249,

252

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

98 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Robe

rtgu

rney

a ro

strat

a (G

urne

y, 19

27)

25na

mne

iM

, bt,

ps-p

e24

9Ro

bert

gurn

eya

simili

s (A

. Sco

tt, 1

896)

7, 2

4, 2

58-

40lm

M, b

t, m

b, p

s, sg

, ph

18, 3

1, 2

46, 2

49Ro

bert

gurn

eya

soye

ri Ap

osto

lov,

1974

20, 2

1, 2

2, 2

510

● p

M, b

t, ep

, ps

23, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52Ro

bert

gurn

eya

spin

ulos

a (G

. O. S

ars,

1911

)13

, 14,

25,

27

-40

cp, ?

clm

M, b

t, m

b, p

s, pe

27, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52Ty

phla

mph

iasc

us co

nfus

us (T

. Sco

tt, 1

902)

16, 2

5, 2

7-8

0cl

mM

, bt,

eb, p

s, pe

, rh

31, 2

46, 2

49, 2

52Ty

phla

mph

iasc

us ty

phlo

ps (G

. O. S

ars,

1906

)17

, 25,

26,

39

10-1

5ba

mM

, bt,

ep, p

s, ps

-s, s

17, 1

9, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52Am

phia

scoi

des b

revi

furc

a (C

zern

iavs

ky, 1

868)

[A. s

pecio

sus]

24, 2

5, 2

6, *

86lm

M, b

t, ep

, ph,

pe,

ps

17, 3

1, 1

85, 2

49Am

phia

scoi

des d

ebili

s (G

iesb

rech

t, 18

81) [

Amph

iasc

ella]

7, 2

4, 2

5, 2

6an

amM

, bt,

ph, p

s, s

31, 8

4, 2

49, 3

89Am

phia

scoi

des n

eglec

ta (N

orm

an e

t T. S

cott,

190

5) [A

mph

iasc

ella]

24, 2

5, 2

6cp

, ? c

lmM

, bt,

ps, p

s-s,

s24

9Am

phia

scoi

des s

ubde

bilis

(Will

ey, 1

935)

[Am

phia

scell

a]7,

24,

25,

26

8an

tam

iM

, bt,

ep, p

h, p

s, s

12, 1

7, 3

1, 2

43, 2

49M

esam

phia

scus

juno

di (M

onar

d, 1

935)

[Hal

osch

izop

era]

18, 2

5, 2

630

nam

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

pe19

, 31,

249

, 252

Hal

osch

izop

era

pont

arch

is Po

r, 19

591-

22,

27, 2

825

-200

adp

M, b

t, hb

, ms,

phs,

s31

, 240

, 249

,252

Schi

zope

ra b

rusin

ae P

etko

vski

, 195

47,

22,

25,

35,

51,

95

m, ?

nm

M, b

t, l-s

l, ps

, gw

22, 3

0, 3

1, 2

42, 2

49Sc

hizo

pera

chae

tosa

Pet

kovs

ki, 1

954

25, 7

1, 9

2m

, adp

M, b

t, ps

, if

15, 1

8, 3

0, 3

1, 2

49Sc

hizo

pera

clan

desti

na (K

lie, 1

924)

25, *

86, 8

8, 9

6ne

amnz

, (pa

)M

, bt,

3‰, p

s, eh

14, 3

1, 1

85, 2

49Sc

hizo

pera

com

pact

a D

e Li

nt, 1

922

7, 2

5, 6

9cl

m, (

cse)

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

eh15

, 22,

31,

249

, 252

Schi

zope

ra ju

gurt

ha (B

lanc

hard

et R

icha

rd, 1

891)

7, 2

5, 3

50-

5ho

m, (

atm

)M

, bt,

l-sl,

ep, p

s, if

16, 1

7, 2

2, 3

1, 2

49Sc

hizo

pera

kun

zi A

post

olov

, 196

77,

25,

35

● p

M, b

t, ps

, if

9, 1

3, 1

4, 3

1, 2

49Sc

hizo

pera

lang

i Pet

kovs

ki, 1

954

7, 2

5, 3

5m

, adp

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

gw, r

16, 2

2, 3

0, 3

1, 2

49Sc

hizo

pera

mer

idio

nalis

Pet

kovs

ki, 1

954

7, 1

3, 2

5, 3

5cm

, (e)

M, b

t, l,

ps, g

w22

, 30,

31,

240

, 249

Schi

zope

ra n

eglec

ta A

kato

va, 1

935

25, 9

4pc

, (?

wcp

)M

, bt,

eh, p

s12

, 18,

22,

31,

249

Schi

zope

ra p

etko

vski

i Apo

stol

ov, 1

971

25, 3

5, 5

1, 9

2●

pM

, bt,

l, ps

, gw,

r15

, 17,

31,

249

, 252

Schi

zope

ra p

ontic

a C

happ

uis e

t Ser

ban,

195

37,

25,

35

● p

M, b

t, l,

ps, g

w, if

17, 3

1, 2

43, 2

49Eo

schi

zope

ra gl

igici

(Pet

kovs

ki, 1

957)

7, 1

1, 2

6, 3

5, 8

4m

, adp

M, b

t, l,

ps, i

f, s,

r17

, 22,

31,

249

, 261

Schi

zope

rops

is ar

enico

la (C

happ

uis e

t Ser

ban,

195

3) [S

chiz

oper

a]7,

25,

35

● p

M, b

t, l,

ps, i

f17

, 22,

30,

31,

249

Schi

zope

rops

is va

rnen

sis (A

post

olov

, 196

7)

7, 1

1, 2

5, 3

5●

pM

, bt,

l, ps

, if

9, 1

3, 1

4, 1

7, 3

0, 3

1M

etid

aeM

etis

igne

a Ph

ilipp

i, 18

437,

16,

24,

25,

35

0-10

nam

wi,

(hat

)M

, bt,

ep, p

h, p

s, if,

s17

, 19,

31,

182

, 249

Am

eiri

dae

Amei

ra d

ivag

ans N

icho

lls, 1

939

[A. d

. pon

tica]

7, 2

4, 2

58

bap

M, b

t, ep

, ph,

ps,

r31

, 241

, 246

, 249

Amei

ra lo

ngip

es B

oeck

, 186

520

, 24,

25

5-72

amne

iM

, bt,

eb, p

h, p

s, et

15, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 99

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Amei

ra p

arvu

la (C

laus

, 186

6) [A

. p. t

enui

seta

, A. t

au]

7, 1

1-13

, 24,

25,

76,

*8

60-

12na

mi

M, b

t-p, s

ep, p

h, p

s, ps

-s, s

, co

26, 3

1, 8

4, 9

1, 1

85,

249,

389

Amei

ra sc

otti

G. O

. Sar

s, 19

11 [A

. s. b

revi

corn

is]7,

20,

24,

25,

27

0-70

ham

M, b

t, eb

, ph,

ps,

if, s

15, 3

1, 2

43, 2

49Fi

lexili

a at

tenu

ata

(Thom

pson

, 189

3) [A

mei

ra te

nella

]20

, 25,

35

cpM

, bt,

ph, p

s, s (

gw)

15, 1

7, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52Fi

lexili

a br

evip

es (K

unz,

1954

) [Am

eira

, A. b

. pon

tica]

1, 7

, 12,

13,

16,

25,

35

0-10

cpM

, bt,

ep, p

h, p

s, if,

r12

, 15,

17,

26,

31

Filex

ilia

pesta

e (Pe

tkov

ski,

1955

) [Am

eira

, A. b

revi

pes p

esta

e]1,

7, 1

2, 2

2, 2

4, 2

5, 2

710

-70

m, a

dpM

, bt,

eb, p

h, p

e, p

s19

, 31,

240

, 249

Nito

kra

affini

s Gur

ney,

1927

[N. a

. cal

iforn

ica]

7, 1

3, 2

5, 3

5, 9

50-

10am

ip, (

m)

L-eh

, bt,

ps, g

w-if

, ph

18, 2

8, 3

1, 2

44, 2

49N

itokr

a di

varic

ata

Cha

ppui

s, 19

2325

, 35,

79

adpc

, (cs

eea)

L-B

, bt,

gw, p

s-s,

co17

, 31,

249

, 250

Nito

kra

falla

ciosa

Klie

, 193

735

, *69

, 76

clm

, (w

p)L-

B, 6

0‰, b

t, pe

, gw

31, 8

6, 1

85, 3

89N

itokr

a fra

gilis

G. O

. Sar

s, 19

0524

, 69

amis

wp,

(ha)

B-L

, bt,

sep,

ph

17, 3

1, 2

49N

itokr

a hi

bern

ica (B

rady

, 188

0) [N

. h. b

ulga

rica,

N. h

. hia

lina,

N. i

nube

r]2,

24,

35,

41,

71,

92

clm

, (et

)B

-L, b

t, ph

, ps-

if, c

o25

, 31,

185

, 389

Nito

kra

lacu

stris

(Shm

anke

vich

, 187

5)16

, 18,

20,

24,

25,

35,

76

, 77,

95

SK, (

pat)

L-B

, eh-

0-60

‰, b

t, ps

, gw,

pe,

cr,

ph, e

t14

, 15,

21,

31,

243

, 24

9, 2

52, 2

63N

itokr

a m

edite

rran

ea B

rian,

192

8 [N

. m. p

ontic

a]25

, 95

10ep

L, e

h, b

t, ep

, ps

28, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52N

itokr

a po

ntica

Jaku

bisia

k, 1

938

[N. t

ypica

var

. pon

tica]

4, 2

5●

pL,

eh,

bt,

ep, p

s, r

31, 1

57, 2

49, 3

89N

itokr

a pu

silla

G. O

. Sar

s, 19

117,

20,

25,

35

cp, ?

nap

L, e

h, b

t, ps

, gw

31, 8

4, 2

49, 3

89

Nito

kra

spin

ipes

Boe

ck, 1

865

7, 2

0, 2

2, 2

4, 2

5, 3

5,

*69,

76

nam

i, ?

K, (

h)L,

eh,

bt (

p), p

h, p

s, if

31, 1

85, 2

49, 3

89

Nito

kra

stygi

a (A

post

olov

, 197

6)20

, 25

● p,

(Ebg

)L-

B, e

h, p

s, cr

25, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52N

itokr

a ty

pica

Boe

ck, 1

865

[N. t

. adr

iatic

a]7,

16,

20,

25,

35

0-35

anam

, (h)

L, e

h, b

t, m

b, p

s, gw

14, 1

5, 3

1, 8

4, 2

49Am

eiro

psis

redu

cta

Apos

tolo

v, 19

7311

, 17,

24,

25,

85

10●

pM

, bt,

ep, p

h, p

s20

, 31,

182

, 249

Sica

mei

ra in

term

edia

Mar

inov

, 197

310

, 17,

25

26●

pM

, bt,

ep, p

s31

, 241

, 249

, 252

Pseu

dolep

tom

esoc

hrell

a ha

loph

ila (N

oodt

, 195

2)16

, 17,

19,

22,

25,

35

0.8

cpM

, bt,

l, ps

, sg,

gw

-if12

, 14,

31,

249

, 263

Lept

omes

ochr

a af

rican

a Ku

nz, 1

951

[Par

alep

tom

esoc

hra]

7, 2

5, 3

50-

25am

inp

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

sg, i

f31

, 241

, 249

, 252

Pare

vans

ula

well

si (M

arin

ov, 1

973)

[Phi

lolep

tom

esoc

hra]

10, 1

1, 1

7, 2

5-2

0●

pM

, bt,

ep, p

s, ps

-s31

, 241

, 244

, 249

Para

mes

ochr

idae

Para

mes

ochr

a he

lgol

andi

ca K

unz,

1936

7, 1

1, 1

8, 2

510

-30

nam

nei

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

ps-s

18, 3

1, 2

40, 2

49Pa

ram

esoc

hra

simili

s Kun

z, 19

367,

11,

25,

35

cpM

, bt,

ep, l

-sl,

ps, g

w14

, 17,

31,

249

, 252

Klio

psyl

lus c

onstr

ictu

s (N

icho

lls, 1

935)

17, 2

0, 2

5, 3

5, 9

40-

10cc

lm, ?

bam

M, b

t, ep

, l-s

l, ps

, gw

14, 1

7, 3

1, 2

40, 2

49Kl

iops

yllu

s hol

satic

us (K

lie, 1

929)

25am

nei

M, b

t, ps

, r31

, 249

Scot

tops

yllu

s her

dman

i (I.

C. Th

omps

on e

t A. S

cott,

189

9) [P

aram

esoc

hra]

1-22

, 25,

35

0-20

bap

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

ps-s

, if

31, 2

40, 2

49, 2

52Sc

otto

psyl

lus i

nter

med

ius (

T. S

cott

et A

. Sco

tt, 1

895)

7, 2

5, 2

6, 3

5cp

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

pe, g

w19

, 31,

252

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

100 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Scot

tops

yllu

s min

or (T

. Sco

tt et

A. S

cott,

189

5)20

, 25,

35

bap

M, b

t, ep

, l-s

l, ps

, gw

12, 1

4, 1

7, 3

1, 2

49Sc

otto

psyl

lus r

ober

tsoni

(T. S

cott

et A

. Sco

tt, 1

895)

11, 2

20.

5-10

cpM

, bt,

ep, p

s18

, 31,

240

, 249

Tetr

agon

icip

itida

ePh

yllo

podo

psyl

lus b

riani

Pet

kovs

ki, 1

955

7, 2

2, 2

5, 3

5, 9

5ad

pM

, bt,

ep, l

-sl,

ps, g

w13

, 17,

31,

244

, 249

Phyl

lopo

dops

yllu

s pau

li C

risafi

, 196

0 [P

h. p

ontic

us]

7, 2

2, 2

5, 3

5, 9

58-

12ho

mM

, bt,

ep, l

-sl,

ps, g

w11

, 19,

31,

249

, 252

Phyl

lopo

dops

yllu

s thi

ebau

di P

etko

vski

, 195

57,

22,

25,

35,

95

lmw

pM

, bt,

ep, l

-sl,

ps, i

f17

, 18,

31,

249

, 252

Dia

goni

ceps

kun

zi M

arin

ov, 1

973

17, 1

8, 2

520

● p

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

r31

, 242

, 249

, 252

Can

thoc

ampt

idae

(Ort

hops

yllid

ae, C

ylin

drop

sylli

dae

part

)

Mes

ochr

a ae

stuar

ii G

urne

y, 19

21 [M

. apo

stolo

vi, M

. pon

tica]

25, *

68, *

69, *

74, 8

4,

88, 9

0, 9

4, 9

6ne

amj,

(tp)

M-B

-L, e

h, 1

-16‰

, bt

, ps,

ps-s

17, 3

1, 1

85, 2

49,

252,

389

Mes

ochr

a he

ldti

Mon

ard,

193

516

, 24,

25,

49,

76

lm, (

hom

)B

-M, b

t, l-s

l, ph

, ps,

s31

, 84,

249

, 389

Mes

ochr

a lil

ljebo

rgi B

oeck

, 186

424

, 25,

35,

*86

,ha

m, (

h)B

-M, b

t (p)

, ph,

ps-

s31

, 185

, 249

, 389

Mes

ochr

a pe

stai L

ang,

194

824

, 25

● p

B, b

t, ph

, ps

31, 2

49, 2

62, 2

76M

esoc

hra

pygm

aea

(Cla

us, 1

863)

12, 2

4, 2

5, 2

6, *

69, 7

68-

120

nam

ipB

, bt-p

, eu,

ph,

ps,

pe31

, 91,

185

, 249

Mes

ochr

a ra

pien

s (Sc

hmei

l, 18

94)

24, 2

5, *

69, 7

6cp

j, (h

)B

, bt,

ph, p

s-pe

31, 1

85, 2

49, 3

89M

esoc

hra

xeno

poda

Mon

ard,

193

57,

24,

26,

35,

*69

ham

, (at

m)

B, b

t, l-s

l, ph

, pe,

gw

31, 1

85, 2

49, 3

89O

rtho

psyl

lus l

inea

ris (

Cla

us, 1

866)

12, 2

5, 2

7, 2

835

-200

ami

L, b

t, eu

, ph,

ps,

s, et

26, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52Itu

nella

inte

rmed

ia A

post

olov

, 197

525

, 92

● p,

(Ebg

)B

-L, b

t, l,

ps, i

f24

, 31,

249

, 252

Itune

lla m

uelle

ri (G

ager

n, 1

923)

7, 2

5, 3

5cl

m, (

e)B

-L, l

, ps-

gw, i

f17

, 18,

31,

249

, 252

Nan

nom

esoc

hra

arup

inen

sis (B

rian,

192

5)13

, 24,

25,

28

-100

nam

pM

, bt,

eb, p

h, p

s, ph

s26

, 31,

249

, 252

Sten

ocar

is m

inor

(T. S

cott,

189

2)7,

11,

12,

25,

35,

92

0-20

clm

, ? b

apL-

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

gw14

, 17,

31,

249

, 252

Verm

icari

s pon

tica

(Cha

ppui

s et S

erba

n, 1

953)

[Ste

noca

ris]

1-22

, 25,

35

cpL-

M, l

, ps,

gw, i

f17

, 22,

31,

240

, 244

, 24

9, 2

52St

enoc

aris

valk

anov

i Mar

inov

, 197

4 [S

teno

caro

psis]

7, 1

8, 2

5, 3

50-

25●

pL-

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

(gw

)19

, 31,

242

, 249

Lept

asta

cida

e (C

ylin

drop

sylli

dae

part

)Le

ptas

tacu

s lat

icaud

atus

Nic

holls

, 193

5 [L

. l. i

nter

med

ius]

11, 2

510

cpM

, bt,

ep, p

s, r

18, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52Le

ptas

tacu

s mac

rony

x (T

. Sco

tt, 1

892)

10, 1

1, 2

1, 2

58-

50na

pM

, bt,

mb,

ps,

sg31

, 240

, 246

, 249

Lept

asta

cus t

auric

a M

arin

ov, 1

973

10, 2

1, 2

5-1

8cp

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

sg31

, 242

, 246

, 249

Para

lepta

stacu

s hol

satic

us K

unz,

1937

7, 2

0, 2

5, 3

5, 9

5ba

p, ?

nap

M, b

t, eh

, ps,

gw, i

f14

, 15,

17,

31,

249

Para

lepta

stacu

s spi

nica

udus

(T. S

cott

et A

. Sco

tt, 1

895)

7, 1

1, 2

5, 3

5cl

pM

, bt,

eh, p

s, gw

, if

13, 1

4, 1

7, 1

8, 3

1Ps

amm

asta

cus c

onflu

ens N

icho

lls, 1

935

18, 2

5, 3

5cp

, ? n

apM

, bt,

ph, p

s, gw

, r26

, 31,

249

, 252

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 101

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Lept

opon

tiida

e (A

reno

pont

iidae

)Le

ptop

ontia

curv

icaud

a T.

Sco

tt, 1

892

7, 1

1, 1

6, 2

5cp

M, b

t, ep

, ps

15, 1

9, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52Ar

enop

ontia

subt

erra

nea

Kunz

, 193

7 [A

. pon

tica]

1-33

, 35

clm

iM

, bt,

ep, p

s, if,

gw

13, 1

4, 3

1, 2

40, 2

49Ps

amm

olep

tasta

cus s

tygi

us (N

oodt

, 195

5) [A

reno

pont

ia]

17, 2

5, 3

5, 8

4na

p, ?

cal

pM

, bt,

ep, p

s, (g

w),

r31

, 240

, 249

, 252

Cle

todi

dae

Clet

odes

lim

nico

la B

rady

, 187

21-

22, 2

5, 2

820

-100

clm

, ? c

lmi

M, b

t, hb

, pe,

s-ps

, sg

31, 2

46, 2

49, 2

52Cl

etod

es lo

ngica

udat

us (B

oeck

, 187

2)1-

22, 2

5, 2

820

-100

bam

, ? n

amM

, bt,

hb, p

e, s-

ps, s

g31

, 246

, 249

, 252

Clet

odes

tenu

ipes

T. S

cott,

189

63,

10,

17,

25,

27,

28

20-2

50na

mM

, bt,

hb, s

-ps,

ms,

s31

, 246

, 249

, 252

Enhy

dros

oma

caen

i Rai

baut

, 196

57,

25,

26,

76

lmM

, bt,

pe, s

-ps,

(ps)

16, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52En

hydr

osom

a ga

riens

is G

urne

y, 19

30 [E

. gar

iene

]7,

25

cpM

, bt,

eh, p

s-s,

ps16

, 31,

249

, 252

Enhy

dros

oma

long

ifurc

atum

G. O

. Sar

s, 19

0925

, 26,

27,

76

-50

nam

M, b

t, m

b, p

e, p

s-s

31, 2

49

Enhy

dros

oma

prop

inqu

um (B

rady

et D

. Rob

erts

on, 1

880)

1-22

, 25,

27,

28

4-90

nam

M, b

t, eb

, pe,

s-ps

, ps,

et, e

u18

, 31,

43,

240

, 246

, 24

9, 2

52

Enhy

dros

oma

sord

idum

Mon

ard,

192

61-

22, 2

5, 2

7, 2

815

-150

ham

M, b

t, hb

, pe,

s-ps

, (ps

)16

, 19,

31,

43,

240

, 24

9, 2

52Cl

etoc

ampt

us co

nflue

ns (S

chm

eil,

1894

)25

-28,

35,

*66

, *69

SK, (

sk)

M-L

, 60‰

, ps,

s, gw

31, 1

85, 2

49, 3

89Cl

etoc

ampt

us re

trogr

essu

s Sch

man

kevi

tsch

, 187

525

, 26,

41,

*69

, 76,

77

nam

, (h)

M-B

, 60‰

, eu,

ps,

s31

, 185

, 249

, 389

Lim

nocle

tode

s beh

ning

i Bor

utsk

y, 19

2625

, 26,

35,

93

pca,

(po)

, Rc

M, b

t (p)

, eh,

ps-

s, gw

26, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52St

ylicl

etod

es lo

ngica

udat

us (B

rady

et D

. Rob

erts

on, 1

880)

1, 7

, 10,

26,

27,

28

12-1

00SK

, ant

amip

M, b

t, hb

, phs

, s-p

s, s

31, 2

40, 2

49, 2

52M

irosla

via

long

icaud

ata

Apos

tolo

v, 19

8025

, 26,

95

-24

● p

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

ps-s

29, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52R

hizo

thri

cida

eRh

izot

hrix

pub

esce

ns P

or, 1

959

1-22

, 25,

26

20-3

0●

pM

, bt,

ep-m

b, p

e, s-

ps31

, 240

, 249

, 252

Arg

estid

aeEu

rycle

tode

s lat

us (T

. Sco

tt, 1

892)

1-16

, 26,

27,

28

20-1

50cm

M, b

t, eb

, phs

, pe

31, 2

40, 2

46, 2

49Po

ntoc

letod

es p

ontic

us A

post

olov

, 198

025

, 95

24ad

pM

, bt,

ep, p

s29

, 31,

249

, 252

Laop

hont

idae

Laop

hont

e bor

ceai

Jaku

bisia

k, 1

938

4●

pM

, bt

31, 1

57, 3

89

Laop

hont

e elo

ngat

a Bo

eck,

187

3 [L

. e. t

riart

icula

ta]

7, 1

1, 1

6, 1

9, 2

4, 2

5,

273-

40, 8

2ne

amep

M, b

t, eb

, ph,

ps,

s17

, 31,

182

, 249

Laop

hont

e par

vula

G. O

. Sar

s, 19

08

7, 2

0, 2

5, 3

510

clm

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

ph, g

w14

, 15,

31,

249

, 252

Laop

hont

e set

osa

Boec

k, 1

865

[L. s

imili

s]7,

11,

16,

24,

*69

, 76,

*7

9, *

86, 9

6cl

m, ?

ce

M-B

, bt (

p), e

h, p

h,

et, c

o31

, 182

, 185

, 249

, 25

2, 3

89La

opho

nte t

hora

cica

Boec

k, 1

865

20, 2

4, 2

5, 2

8, 3

50-

100

clm

M, b

t, eb

, ph,

ps,

s, et

14, 1

5, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

102 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Het

erol

aoph

onte

curv

ata

(Dau

we,

1929

) [H

. c. m

icrar

thro

s]7,

16,

24

hom

M, b

t, ep

, ph,

slc

31, 8

4, 2

40, 2

49

Het

erol

aoph

onte

stro

emii

(Bai

rd, 1

834)

[H. s

. bre

vica

udat

a, H

. s. p

aram

inut

a]7,

10,

16,

20,

24,

27,

35

0-50

nam

, (h)

M, e

h, m

b, p

h, s-

ps,

if, g

w, e

u, e

t, co

14, 1

5, 1

6, 1

7, 3

1,

84, 1

82, 2

43,

249

Het

erol

aoph

onte

unc

inat

a (C

zern

iavs

ky, 1

868)

[Lao

phon

te]

12, 1

3, 2

4, 4

9, *

69lm

M, b

t, ep

, eh,

l, p

h31

, 91,

249

, 304

Para

laop

hont

e bre

viro

stris

(Cla

us, 1

863)

[Lao

phon

te]

5, 7

, 9, 2

4na

mne

i, ?

SKM

, bt,

ep, p

h31

, 157

, 282

, 249

Para

laop

hont

e con

gene

ra (G

. O. S

ars,

1908

) [P.

c. m

edite

rran

ea]

20, 2

4, 2

5-3

0cl

mi

M, b

t, ep

, ph,

slc,

s-ps

26, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52Pa

rala

opho

nte o

ctav

ia (M

onar

d, 1

935)

20, 2

1, 2

4, 3

5m

, ? h

omM

, bt,

ep, l

-sl,

ph, g

w17

, 31,

249

, 252

Ase

llops

is du

bosc

qui M

onar

d, 1

928

7, 2

5, 2

6, 7

60-

20m

, hom

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

s-ps

, s18

, 31,

240

, 252

Ony

choc

ampt

us m

oham

med

(Bla

ncha

rd e

t Ric

hard

, 189

1) [L

aoph

onte

]42

, *68

, *69

, *74

, *7

9, 8

2, 8

3, 8

4, *

86,

88, 9

0, 9

2, 9

4K

, (k)

M-B

-L, b

t, ep

, eh

31, 3

47, 3

89

Klie

onyc

hoca

mpt

us k

liei (

Mon

ard,

193

5) [K

. k. a

dria

ticus

, Ony

choc

ampt

us]

6, 7

, 10,

16,

25,

35

lmM

, bt,

ep, l

, ps,

gw, i

f14

, 19,

31,

244

, 349

Klie

onyc

hoca

mpt

us p

ontic

us (S

erba

n et

Ple

sa, 1

957)

[Ony

choc

ampt

us]

25, 3

5lm

nei

M, b

t, ep

, l, p

s, if

31, 1

7, 2

44, 2

49N

orm

anel

lidae

Nor

man

ella

min

uta

(Boe

ck, 1

872)

7, 2

410

, 100

ham

M, b

t, eb

, ph,

pe,

(ps)

12, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52N

orm

anell

a m

ucro

nata

G. O

. Sar

s, 19

096,

7, 1

7, 2

0, 2

5, 2

7, 2

810

-100

nam

M, b

t, eb

, ms,

phs,

ps12

, 31,

246

, 249

Nor

man

ella

serr

ata

Por,

1959

1-22

, 25,

27

40-7

0m

M, b

t, eb

, ms,

sg, s

-ps

31, 2

43, 2

46, 2

49La

tirem

idae

Dela

mar

ella

kara

man

i Pet

kovs

ki, 1

957

7, 2

4, 3

5ad

epM

, bt,

l, gw

, if,

ph, r

12, 1

4, 3

1, 2

49, 2

52C

opep

oda:

Poe

cilo

stom

atoi

daN

erei

colid

aeVe

ctor

iella

mar

inov

i Sto

ck, 1

968

10, 1

3●

pM

, ec

252,

336

Erga

silid

aeEr

gasil

us li

zae (

Kro

yer,

1863

) [E.

nan

us]

*68

nam

sp, (

ha)

M-B

, ec

389

Erga

silus

sieb

oldi

von

Nor

dman

n, 1

832

7na

m, (

h)B

-L, e

c38

9, 4

12O

ncae

idae

Trico

nia

min

uta

(Gie

sbre

cht,

1893

[189

2]) [

Onc

aea]

7K

, iM

, p, r

160,

355

Cop

epod

a: S

ipho

nost

omat

oida

Lern

aeop

odid

aeCl

avell

isa em

argi

nata

(Kro

yer,

1837

) [An

chor

ella]

3, 7

cp, ?

bap

, (h)

M-B

-L, e

c38

9, 4

12Br

anch

iura

: Arg

uloi

dea

Arg

ulid

ae

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 103

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Argu

lus f

olia

ceus

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

71, 8

9, 9

3(h

no)

B-L

, ec,

3‰

374,

389

Cirr

iped

ia: Th

orac

ica:

Ver

ruco

mor

pha

plan

kton

larv

aeVe

rruc

idae

Verr

uca

spen

gler

i Dar

win

, 185

4lm

M, b

t, r

249

Cirr

iped

ia: Th

orac

ica:

Bal

anom

orph

apl

ankt

on la

rvae

Cht

ham

alid

aeCh

tham

alus

stell

atus

(Pol

i, 17

95)

3, 7

, 16,

21,

22,

45,

50

amip

M, b

t, sp

r, lt,

epi

84, 2

49, 2

95, 3

89Eu

raph

ia d

epre

ssa

(Pol

i, 17

95) [

Chth

amal

us]

45, 5

0m

, em

M, b

t, sp

r, r

294

Che

loni

biid

aeCh

eloni

bia

testu

dina

ria (L

inna

eus,

1758

)17

amip

M, b

t, ep

i37

9, 3

89Ba

lani

dae

Amph

ibal

anus

ebur

neus

(Gou

ld, 1

841)

[Bal

anus

]49

, *68

, *69

, *78

, *7

9, 8

4, *

86, 8

8, 9

6am

ip, i

M-B

, bt-p

, 7‰

, is,

sl10

3, 1

29, 2

49, 3

74,

389

Amph

ibal

anus

impr

ovisu

s (D

arw

in, 1

854)

[Bal

anus

]1-

22, 4

9, 6

8, *

69,

*79,

96

0-27

amip

, ? K

, iM

, bt,

sl, e

u, is

, epi

84, 9

1, 1

03, 1

29,

249,

295

, 317

, 374

Cirr

iped

ia: R

hizo

ceph

ala:

Ken

trog

onid

apl

ankt

on la

rvae

Pelto

gast

rida

eSe

ptos

accu

s rod

rigue

zii (

Frai

sse,

1877

) [? P

eltog

aste

r dio

geni

]7,

25

lmM

, pa

71, 8

4, 3

89Sa

ccul

inid

aeSa

ccul

ina

carc

ini Th

omps

on, 1

836

[S. b

ened

eni]

1-22

, 23,

24,

50

clm

wi

M, p

a71

, 72,

389

Mal

acos

trac

a: M

ysid

a (M

ysid

acea

)M

ysid

aeSi

riella

jalte

nsis

Cze

rnia

vsky

, 186

8 [S

. cla

usi]

2, 3

, 5, 7

, 17,

20,

24

3, 0

-4ha

m, a

mw

iM

, bt,

ep, l

t, m

c, p

h35

, 36,

370

, 389

Gas

trosa

ccus

sanc

tus (

van

Bene

den,

186

1) [?

H. n

orm

ani]

6, 7

, 16,

20,

25,

51,

*6

90-

10am

iM

, bt,

ep, l

-sl,

ps35

, 36,

249

, 370

Lept

omys

is lin

gvur

a (G

. O. S

ars,

1866

) [L.

pon

tica,

L. s

ardi

ca]

3, 5

, 7, 1

6, 2

0, 2

4, 2

90-

50ac

eM

, bt-p

, me,

lt, s

lc, r

35, 3

6, 2

49, 3

89H

emim

ysis

anom

ala

G. O

. Sar

s, 19

077,

24

-20

pc, c

lm, (

h)B

-L, b

t, ep

, lt,

■36

, 114

, 249

, 389

Hem

imys

is la

mor

nae (

Cou

ch, 1

856)

[H. l

. pon

tica,

H. l

. red

ucta

]7,

16,

24

0.3-

100

clm

mM

, bt,

eb, s

lc, r

o33

, 36,

249

, 389

Dia

mys

is m

eczn

ikow

i (C

zern

iavs

ky, 1

882)

[D. b

ahire

nsis,

D. b

. mec

znik

owi]

7, 5

8, *

69, *

79, *

86,

88, 9

2, 9

5●

pM

-B, b

t, eh

, 0.6

‰35

, 36,

249

, 347

Lim

nom

ysis

bene

deni

Cze

rnia

vsky

, 188

2 [M

ysid

ella

bulg

arica

]58

, 59,

65,

*68

,-9

pc, (

e), R

cB

-L, b

t-p, 5

‰, e

p, p

h35

, 205

, 249

, 373

Hap

losty

lus n

orm

ani (

G. O

. Sar

s, 18

77) [

Gas

trosa

ccus

, ? G

. san

ctus

]5

clm

wi

M, b

t35

, 249

, 389

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

104 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Mes

opod

opsis

slab

beri

(van

Ben

eden

, 186

1)1-

7, 1

3, 2

4, 2

9, *

69,

76, *

78, *

791-

20, 5

0ea

mi,

(e)

M-B

, bt-p

, ep-

mb,

eh,

1-

40‰

, l-s

l35

, 36,

198

, 249

, 31

7, 3

19, 3

70, 3

74Pa

ram

ysis

agig

ensis

Bac

escu

, 194

03,

5, 7

, 25,

26,

58,

*69

0-4

epM

, bt,

ep, p

s, ph

, ps-

s35

, 36,

249

, 389

Para

mys

is kr

oyer

i (C

zern

iavs

ky, 1

882)

[Mes

omys

is]7,

26,

*68

, *69

1-22

● p

M-B

, bt-p

, ep,

eh,

pe

36, 9

7, 2

49, 3

70Pa

ram

ysis

pont

ica (B

aces

cu, 1

940)

7, 2

9-1

00●

pM

, p-b

t, eb

, pe,

ps

36, 1

98, 2

49, 3

19M

alac

ostr

aca:

Am

phip

oda

Am

pelis

cida

e

Ampe

lisca

dia

dem

a (A

. Cos

ta, 1

853)

2, 3

, 5, 7

, 10,

13,

17.

*6

91-

27, 1

20ea

mw

i, ?

SKM

, bt,

eb, p

s, sg

, pe

81, 8

4, 2

49, 3

70

Am

pith

oida

eAm

pith

oe ga

mm

aroi

des (

Bate

, 185

6) [P

leone

xes]

3, 2

4cl

mM

, bt,

ep, p

h, sl

c81

, 249

, 389

Ampi

thoe

hell

eri K

aram

an, 1

975

162

clm

nei

M, b

t, ep

370

Ampi

thoe

ram

ondi

Aud

ouin

, 182

8 [A

. rub

ricat

a, A

. vai

llant

i]1-

22, 2

41-

20am

ip, ?

SK

M, b

t, ep

, mc,

slc

81, 9

1, 3

68, 3

70Cy

mad

usa

cras

sicor

nis (

Cos

ta, 1

857)

[Gru

bia]

1-22

, 24

1-3

epM

, bt,

seb,

ph,

mc

91, 2

49, 3

70, 3

89A

orid

ae

Lept

oche

irus p

ilosu

s Zad

dach

, 184

413

, 25,

26,

*69

, *79

, 84

, *86

, 88

7cl

mM

, bt,

ep, p

s-pe

, r24

9, 3

70, 3

74. 3

89

Micr

odeu

topu

s ano

mal

us (R

athk

e, 18

43)

320

-na

mM

, bt,

hb, p

e81

, 249

, 389

Micr

odeu

topu

s dam

noni

ensis

(Bat

e, 18

56) [

nom

en n

udum

]3,

7, 1

2, 1

6, 2

0, 2

5,

27, 6

98-

95ba

mM

, bt,

eb, p

s-pe

, mc

168,

249

, 370

, 392

Micr

odeu

topu

s gry

llota

lpa

Cos

ta, 1

853

7, 1

3, 1

6, 2

4, 2

5, *

695-

20, 4

0na

mM

, bt-p

, mb,

mc,

ph,

ps

, sg,

s, l-

sl84

, 91,

249

, 368

, 37

0, 3

74, 3

89,

Micr

odeu

topu

s sta

tioni

s Del

la V

alle

, 189

37,

25

-20

lmM

, bt,

ep, p

s, sg

, r17

1, 2

49, 3

89M

icrod

euto

pus v

ersic

ulat

us (B

ate,

1856

) [Co

rem

apus

]3,

13,

25,

26,

27,

68

10-8

0cl

mM

, bt,

eb, p

s-s,

pe, s

g81

, 249

, 370

, 389

Aty

lidae

Not

otro

pis g

utta

tus (

A. C

osta

, 185

3) [A

tylu

s]7,

24,

25,

*69

,-5

, 100

clm

, ? e

amM

, bt (

p), e

b, p

h, p

s84

, 249

, 368

, 370

Behn

ingi

ellid

aeCa

rdio

philu

s bae

ri G

. O. S

ars,

1896

[C. m

arisn

igra

e]7,

9, 1

0, *

6910

-20,

30

pc, c

pc, R

cM

-B-L

, bt,

ep, c

o84

, 178

, 249

, 370

Bian

colin

idae

Bian

colin

a al

gico

la D

ella

Val

le, 1

893

[B. c

unicu

lus]

11, 1

2, 2

41-

3ep

M, b

t, se

p, p

h, sl

c91

, 249

, 370

, 389

Cor

ophi

idae

Mon

ocor

ophi

um a

cher

usicu

m (C

osta

, 185

7) [C

orop

hium

]7,

16,

25,

69

-10

amip

, ? S

KM

, bt,

ep, m

c, p

s36

7, 3

68, 3

70

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 105

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Mon

ocor

ophi

um in

sidio

sum

(Cra

wfo

rd, 1

937)

5, 1

6, 2

3, 2

41-

3am

p, ?

am

ipM

, bt,

ep, p

h, z

c37

0Cr

assic

orop

hium

bon

ellii

(Miln

e Ed

war

ds, 1

830)

[Cor

ophi

um]

3, 7

, 16,

24,

68,

*69

0-12

amp

M, b

t-p, s

ep, p

h, s

81, 8

4, 2

49, 3

74

Cras

sicor

ophi

um cr

assic

orne

(Bru

zeliu

s, 18

59) [

Coro

phiu

m]

*68,

*69

, *78

, *79

, 84

, *86

abap

bpM

, bt,

eh-1

‰, e

p24

9, 3

68, 3

74, 3

89

Cheli

coro

phiu

m cu

rvisp

inum

(G. O

. Sar

s, 18

95) [

Coro

phiu

m]

59, 6

0, *

68, *

69, 7

6pc

, (e)

, Rc

B-L

, eh,

bt,

ep82

, 84,

97,

249

, 375

Cheli

coro

phiu

m so

win

skyi

Mar

tyno

v, 19

24 [C

orop

hium

curv

ispin

um v

ar. v

illos

us]

58, 5

9, 6

0pc

, Rc

B-L

, 5-6

‰, p

s-pe

, ph

82. 8

3, 3

69

Coro

phiu

m v

olut

ator

(Pal

las,

1766

)7,

13,

26,

58,

*68

, 77,

*7

9, 8

47

nam

swp

M, b

t, 0.

5‰, e

p, p

e24

9, 3

70, 3

74, 3

89

Med

icoro

phiu

m ru

ncico

rne (

Del

la V

alle

, 189

3) [C

orop

hium

]3,

7, 2

6, 2

7, 2

818

-100

ep, ?

em

M, b

t, hb

, pe

81, 1

71, 2

49, 3

67Si

phon

oece

tes d

ellav

allei

Ste

bbin

g, 1

899

7, 2

5, 2

6, 2

7-5

0lm

saM

, bt,

mb,

ps,

pe17

1, 2

49, 3

92Ly

sian

assi

dae

Orc

hom

ene h

umili

s (C

osta

, 185

3)3,

28

80-9

0cl

mM

, bt,

shb,

phs

81, 2

49, 3

89C

helu

rida

eCh

elura

tere

bran

s Phi

lippi

, 183

97

amip

, ? S

KM

, bt,

ep25

2D

exam

inid

aeD

exam

ine s

pino

sa (M

onta

gu, 1

813)

11, 1

2, 1

3, 2

4, *

691-

25, 8

5cl

mm

M, b

t-p, e

b, m

c, p

h84

, 91,

249

, 370

Gam

mar

ellid

aeG

amm

arell

us a

ngul

osus

(Rat

hke,

1843

) [G

. car

inat

us]

1, 2

, 30-

40an

amM

, bt,

ep-m

b, l-

sl81

, 249

, 389

Eusi

rida

e

Aphe

rusa

bisp

inos

a (B

ate,

1857

)3,

11,

12,

24,

27,

28,

69

-100

anam

, ? a

bam

M, b

t, eb

, ph,

s81

, 91,

249

, 370

Gam

mar

idae

Gam

mar

us a

equi

caud

a (M

arty

nov,

1931

)3,

7, 2

5, 5

1, 6

9, 7

7,

80, 8

4lm

M, e

h, b

t, ep

, ps

102,

252

, 370

Gam

mar

us cr

inico

rnis

Stoc

k, 1

966

70.

5cl

mM

, bt,

ep, r

270

Gam

mar

us in

sens

ibili

s Sto

ck, 1

966

16, 2

3, 2

4, 7

60-

15, 3

0lm

M, b

t, ep

, ph,

ps-

s, ro

252,

346

, 370

Gam

mar

us su

btyp

icus S

tock

, 196

6 [G

. loc

usta

]1-

22, *

66, *

68, *

69,

*74,

76-

80, 8

2, 8

4,

*86,

88

0-20

m, e

p, ?

em

M, b

t, eh

-1-5

0‰, e

p,

mc,

ro, l

-sl

84, 8

6, 9

1, 2

49, 2

95,

370,

374

, 389

Echi

noga

mm

arus

foxi

(Sch

elle

nber

g, 1

928)

[Cha

etog

amm

arus

]16

, 23

2m

, ep,

? n

mM

, bt,

ep, z

c37

0Ec

hino

gam

mar

us m

arin

us (L

each

, 181

5) [G

amm

arus

]7,

11,

13,

16,

25

bam

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

ro91

, 249

, 259

, 389

Echi

noga

mm

arus

oliv

ii (M

ilne

Edw

ards

, 183

0) [C

haet

ogam

mar

us, G

amm

arus

]7,

10,

16,

68,

69,

76

0-10

lmM

, bt,

sep,

mc,

ro84

, 249

, 346

, 370

Echi

noga

mm

arus

trich

iatu

s (M

arty

nov,

1932

) [Ch

aeto

gam

mar

us]

58, 5

9, 6

0pc

, cpc

, Rc

B-L

, bt,

ph13

0

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

106 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Chae

toga

mm

arus

isch

nus (

Steb

bing

, 189

9) [C

h. i.

maj

or, C

h. te

nellu

s beh

ning

i]58

, 59,

60,

*69

pc, c

pc, R

cM

-B, e

h, 0

-12‰

, sep

, ro

, l-s

l, ■

82, 1

14, 2

49, 3

74,

389

Dik

erog

amm

arus

hae

mob

aphe

s (Ei

chw

ald,

184

1) [D

. h. fl

uvia

tilis]

58, 5

9, 6

0, *

69pc

, cpc

, Rc

B, b

t, ep

, ph,

ro82

, 249

, 375

, 389

Dik

erog

amm

arus

vill

osus

(Sow

insk

y, 18

94)

58-6

0, *

68, 7

1, 9

2, 9

5pc

, cpc

, Rc,

(e

an)

B-L

, bt,

0.1-

5‰, e

p,

sg, r

o, p

h, ■

82, 1

14, 2

49, 3

74,

389

Iphi

gene

lla a

ndru

ssow

i (G

. O. S

ars,

1896

) [G

amm

arus

, Lan

ceog

amm

arus

]59

, 60

pc, R

cB

-L, b

t, ep

, ps,

ps-s

, ■82

, 114

, 174

, 249

, 389

Shab

loga

mm

arus

shab

lensis

(Car

ausu

, 194

3) [G

amm

arus

, Iph

igen

ella]

59, 6

0pc

, Rc

B-L

, bt,

ep, p

s, ps

-s, ■

82, 1

14, 2

49, 3

89Po

ntog

amm

arid

aePo

ntog

amm

arus

bor

ceae

Car

ausu

, 193

4 [P

. abr

evia

tus b

orce

a]*6

3, 6

5pc

, Rc

B-L

, bt,

ep82

, 249

, 369

, 389

Pont

ogam

mar

us ro

busto

ides

(G. O

. Sar

s, 18

94)

58, 5

9, 6

0pc

, cpc

, Rc

B-L

, ep,

eu,

ph

82, 2

49, 3

69, 3

89Eu

xini

a m

aeot

icus (

Sow

insk

y, 18

94) [

Gam

mar

us, P

onto

gam

mar

us]

1-22

, 51,

58,

59,

60

0.1-

0.2

pc, R

cB

-L, e

h, l,

ps

91, 2

49, 3

69, 3

70St

enog

amm

arus

cara

usui

Der

zhav

in &

Pja

tako

va, 1

962

68pc

, Rc

B-L

, ep

358

Hya

lidae

Micr

opyt

hia

carin

ata

(Bat

e, 18

62) [

Hya

le]3,

7, 2

0ep

M, b

t17

8, 3

92H

yale

cras

sipes

(Hel

ler,

1866

)24

lmM

, bt,

ep-m

b, m

c37

0H

yale

perie

ri (L

ucas

, 184

9)1-

22, 2

4, 2

6-1

9kl

mM

, bt,

ep, m

c24

9, 3

68, 3

70H

yale

pont

ica R

athk

e, 18

373,

7, 2

40-

50cl

mM

, bt,

mb,

ph,

mc

84, 1

67, 3

68, 3

70Ap

ohya

le pr

evos

ti (H

. Miln

e Ed

war

ds, 1

830)

[Hya

le]7,

13,

16,

21,

22,

24

0-30

anam

M, b

t, ep

, ph,

lt84

, 91,

249

, 389

Talit

rida

eTa

litru

s sal

tato

r (M

onta

gu, 1

808)

1-22

, 49

clm

M, b

t, se

p, l-

sp17

1, 2

49, 3

92O

rche

stia

botta

e Miln

e Ed

war

ds, 1

840;

? O

. cav

iman

a H

elle

r, 18

657,

49,

52,

59

clm

, ep

M-B

-TL,

bt,

l-sp,

eh

84, 2

49, 3

89O

rche

stia

gam

mar

ellus

(Pal

las,

1766

)3,

7-1

6, 4

6, 4

9, 5

2ha

mM

-TL,

bt,

l-sp

81, 8

4, 9

1, 2

49, 3

89O

rche

stia

med

iterr

anea

(Pal

las,

1766

); C

osta

, 185

380

clm

M-T

L, b

t, l-s

p21

8O

rche

stia

mon

tagu

i Aud

ouin

, 182

67,

11,

12,

46,

51,

52

ep, ?

em

M-T

L, b

t, l-s

p84

, 91,

249

Pseu

dorc

hesto

idea

brit

o (S

tebb

ing,

189

1) [T

alor

ches

tia]

11, 2

1, 2

2cl

mM

-TL,

bt,

l-sp

84, 2

49, 3

89

Des

haye

sorc

hesti

a de

shay

esii

(Aud

ouin

, 182

6) [T

alor

ches

tia]

7, 1

1, 1

6, 4

6, 4

9, 5

2,

76cl

mM

-TL,

bt,

l-sp

84, 9

1, 2

49, 3

89

Isae

idae

Micr

opro

topu

s lon

gim

anus

Che

vreu

x, 1

887

2, 2

0, 2

1, 2

3, 2

4, 2

72-

85cl

pM

, bt,

eb, z

c, p

e, sg

, r17

8, 2

49, 3

70, 3

92Is

chyr

ocer

idae

Jass

a oc

ia (B

ate,

1862

)1-

22, 2

4, 2

70-

20cl

mM

, bt,

ep, p

h, m

c, m

s84

, 91,

367

, 368

Eric

thon

ius d

iffor

mis

H. M

ilne

Edw

ards

, 183

01-

22, 2

4an

amnp

M, b

t, se

p, m

c, p

h84

, 91,

368

, 370

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 107

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Meg

alur

opid

ae? M

egal

urop

us a

gilis

Hoe

ck, 1

889

7, 6

9ea

mi

M-B

, bt

370

Meg

alur

opus

mas

silie

nsis

Ledo

yer,

1976

[ ? M

. Agi

lis]

7, 2

55-

25m

, ade

pM

-B, b

t, ep

, ps,

r17

1, 2

49, 3

70, 3

92M

eliti

dae

Meli

ta p

alm

ata

(Mon

tagu

, 180

4)1-

22, 2

4, 2

7, *

690-

20aa

mM

, bt,

ep, m

c-s,

ph-r

o84

, 249

, 370

, 374

Chei

rocr

atus

sund

eval

li (R

athk

e, 18

43)

11, 1

6, 1

7, 2

0cl

mM

, bt

173

Oed

icer

otid

aePe

riocu

lode

s lon

gim

anus

(Bat

e et

Wes

twoo

d, 1

868)

1, 2

, 3, 7

, 13,

25,

69

2-20

, 100

aam

iM

, bt,

eb, p

s, sl

s81

, 249

, 367

, 370

Defl

exilo

des g

ibbo

sus (

Che

vreu

x, 1

888)

[Mon

ocul

odes

]13

, 16,

23,

25

16-1

00cl

mM

, bt,

hb, z

c, sg

171,

249

, 370

Sync

helid

ium

mac

ulat

um S

tebb

ing,

190

61,

2, 7

, 13,

16,

27,

28

10-1

05cl

mM

, bt,

eb, p

e, sg

81, 2

49, 3

89Ba

thyp

orei

idae

(Pon

topo

reiid

ae)

Bath

ypor

eia

guill

iam

soni

ana

(Bat

e, 18

57)

1-22

, 25

-6, 2

5cl

mM

, bt,

ep, p

s, sl

s84

, 249

, 367

, 370

Sten

otho

idae

Sten

otho

e mon

ocul

oide

s (M

onta

gu, 1

815)

24, *

690-

10cl

m, ?

bam

M, b

t, se

p, p

h, m

c, lt

249,

368

, 370

, 374

Phot

idae

Meg

amph

opus

corn

utus

Nor

man

, 186

93

10-5

0cl

mm

M, b

t, m

b, p

e, sg

81, 2

49, 3

89C

apre

llida

ePh

tisica

mar

ina

Slab

ber,

1769

[Ph.

aca

udat

a, P

roto

ped

ata]

2, 3

, 7, 1

6, 2

6, 2

7, 2

815

-100

amw

iM

, bt-p

, hb,

ph,

sg, p

e91

, 295

, 351

, 370

Pseu

dopr

otell

a ph

asm

a (M

onta

gu, 1

804)

3, 2

4, 2

7-9

8cl

m, ?

eam

M, b

t, eb

, ph,

pe

178,

249

, 389

Capr

ella

acan

thife

ra L

each

, 181

4 [C

. a. f

erox

]1,

2, 3

, 5, 7

, 11,

12,

16

, 24,

27,

28

0.2-

100

clm

M, b

t, eb

, ph,

slc,

pe,

ep

i, eu

41, 6

6, 8

1, 8

4, 8

7,

89, 2

49, 3

51, 3

70Ca

prell

a da

nilev

skii

Cze

rnia

vski

, 186

83,

16,

23,

24

0.5-

8ta

m, ?

cst

M, b

t, ep

, slc

, ph,

zc

81, 2

49, 3

51, 3

70Ca

prell

a m

itis M

ayer

, 189

07,

24

1-12

m, e

pM

, bt,

ep, s

lc, r

84, 2

49, 3

89M

alac

ostr

aca:

Cum

acea

Pseu

docu

mat

idae

(Pse

udoc

umid

ae)

Pseu

docu

ma

cilia

tum

G. O

. Sar

s, 18

795,

7, 2

50.

5-10

hom

M, b

t, ep

, ps

36, 2

49, 3

89Ps

eudo

cum

a lo

ngico

rne (

Bate

, 185

8) [P

. l. p

ontic

a]7,

21,

25,

69

1-7

clm

, ? e

amrs

M, b

t, ep

, ps

36, 1

69, 2

49, 3

70Ps

eudo

cum

a te

nuica

uda

G. O

. Sar

s, 18

94 [S

teno

cum

a]7

pc, R

cB

-L, b

t, ps

, ps-

pe, e

h35

8Bo

dotr

iidae

Bodo

tria

are

nosa

Goo

dsir,

184

3 [B

. a. m

edite

rran

ea]

7, 2

0, 2

2, 2

3, 2

5cl

mM

, bt-p

, ep,

ps,

zc36

, 249

, 389

? Bod

otria

scor

pioi

des (

Mon

tagu

, 180

4)3,

5cl

mw

iM

, bt-p

, ep,

ps

274,

389

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

108 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Iphi

noe e

lisae

Bac

escu

, 195

01-

22, 2

5, 2

7, 2

8, 6

99-

95, 1

25lm

M, b

t, eb

, ps,

pe, p

hs16

9, 2

49, 3

58, 3

70Ip

hino

e mae

otica

Sow

insk

yi, 1

893

[I. i

nerm

is]7,

25,

26,

69

6-25

epM

, bt,

ep, p

s-pe

, s, e

h36

, 356

, 370

, 274

Iphi

noe t

enell

a G

. O. S

ars,

1878

7, 1

0, 1

3, 2

5, 2

8, 6

97-

78cl

mM

, bt,

eb, p

s, ph

s36

, 249

, 358

, 370

Cum

opsis

good

sir (v

an B

ened

en, 1

861)

[C. l

ongi

pes]

7, 2

50-

16cl

mM

, bt,

ep, p

s36

, 249

, 370

, 389

Nan

nast

acid

aeN

anna

stacu

s eux

inicu

s Bac

escu

, 195

17,

21,

24,

25

mM

, bt,

ep, p

s, pe

-lt37

, 249

, 389

Cum

ella

limico

la G

. O. S

ars,

1879

5, 7

, 16,

20,

21,

23,

25

0.5-

1, 1

8lm

wiw

pM

, bt,

ep, p

s, zc

249,

274

, 370

, 389

Cum

ella

pygm

aea

G. O

. Sar

s, 18

65 [C

. p. e

uxin

ica]

1-22

, 27,

28,

69

20-,

50-

clm

M, b

t, hb

, pe,

phs

169,

249

, 358

, 392

Leuc

onid

aeEu

dore

lla tr

unca

tula

(Bat

e, 18

56)

1-22

, 27,

28

40-1

50an

amne

pM

, bt,

shb,

pe,

phs

169,

249

, 358

, 392

Mal

acos

trac

a: T

anai

dace

aA

pseu

dida

eAp

seud

opsis

acu

tifro

ns (S

ars,

1882

) [? A

pseu

des o

strou

mov

i]2,

3, 7

, 13,

16,

27,

28

2-12

0m

, hom

M, b

t, hb

, ms,

phs,

zc41

, 249

, 370

, 389

Apse

udop

sis o

strou

mov

i Bac

escu

& C

arau

su, 1

947

1327

, -10

0●

pM

, bt,

sg, m

s, ph

s, ■

114,

356

Tana

idae

Tana

is du

long

ii (A

udou

in, 1

826)

[T. c

avol

inii]

7, 1

4, 1

5, 2

3, 2

4, 6

91

amin

wp

M, b

t, ep

, mc,

zc,

slc

36, 2

49, 3

58, 3

70Pa

rata

naid

ae (L

epto

chel

iidae

)H

eter

otan

ais o

erste

dii (

Kro

yer,

1842

) [H

. gur

neyi

]16

, 23,

*79

, 84,

88

1-25

clm

M-B

, ep,

6‰

, zc

249,

370

, 374

, 389

Lept

oche

lia sa

vign

yi (K

roye

r, 18

42) [

L. d

ubia

]3,

11,

12,

23,

24,

25

1-2

amip

M, b

t, sl

c, z

c, m

c, p

s91

, 249

, 370

, 389

Mal

acos

trac

a: Is

opod

aA

selli

dae

Ase

llus a

quat

icus (

Linn

aeus

, 175

8)58

, 60,

*68

, *74

, 77,

80

, 89

(h)

L-B

, bt,

5‰37

4, 3

89

Jani

rida

eJa

era

hope

ana

Cos

ta, 1

853

[J. ch

arrie

ri]7

lmM

, bt,

co24

9, 3

76, 3

89Ja

era

nord

man

ni (R

athk

e, 18

37)

3, 7

, 11,

16

clm

M-B

-L, b

t, ep

91, 9

3, 2

49, 3

77

Jaer

a sa

rsi V

alka

nov,

1936

58, 6

0, *

68, *

69, 8

4,

95cp

, Rc

M-B

-L, e

h, b

t, ro

249,

374

, 375

, 377

Ligi

idae

Ligi

a ita

lica

Fabr

iciu

s, 17

98 [L

. bra

ndti]

45lm

m, (

hom

)M

-T, s

pr, l

t, ro

34, 8

4, 9

1, 2

49, 3

89Ty

lidae

Tylo

s pon

ticus

Gre

bnits

ky, 1

874

7, 4

6, 5

2, 6

9lm

, (ho

m)

M-T

, sps

249,

358

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 109

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Tylo

s lat

reill

ei A

udou

in, 1

826

7, 1

6, 4

6, 5

2kl

m, (

hn)

M-T

, sps

84, 3

89Id

otei

dae

Idot

ea b

alth

ica (P

alla

s, 17

72) [

I. b.

bas

teri,

I. tr

icusp

idat

a]1-

22, 2

4, 2

5, 3

6-40

, 49

, 58-

60, *

69, 7

6-*7

8, 8

4, 8

6, 8

80-

5, 3

0ha

m, ?

SK

M, b

t, ep

, ph,

l-sl

84, 9

1, 2

49, 3

70,

374,

389

Idot

ea o

strou

mov

i Sow

insk

y, 18

95 [I

. met

alica

, I. m

. elo

ngat

a]7,

10,

11,

29

100-

150

emM

, p-b

t, hb

, r36

, 84,

249

, 370

Sten

osom

a ca

pito

(Rat

hke,

1837

) [Id

otea

pon

tica,

Syn

isom

a]1-

5, 7

, 11,

12,

13,

16,

20

, 21,

23,

24,

25

1-3,

92

m, h

omM

, bt,

eb, m

c, z

c, sl

c,

ps, s

g, m

s, ph

s36

, 67,

84,

91,

93,

24

9, 3

70, 3

89Li

mno

riid

aeLi

mno

ria tu

berc

ulat

a So

win

sky,

1884

7am

ip, ?

SK

M, b

t, ep

249,

252

Spha

erom

atid

aeD

ynam

ene b

iden

tata

(Ada

ms,

1800

) [N

aesa

]1-

22, 2

4, 2

5, 4

9-3

clm

iM

, bt,

ep, m

c, sl

c, p

s36

, 289

, 370

, 389

Leka

nesp

haer

a ho

oker

i (Le

ach,

181

4) [S

phae

rom

a pu

lchell

um]

7, 1

6, 2

3, 2

4, *

690-

40cl

mM

, bt,

sp-s

l, ph

, ro,

s84

, 249

, 389

Spha

erom

a se

rrat

um (F

abric

ius,

1787

)1-

5, 7

, 12,

13,

15,

16,

24

, 25,

46,

49,

*69

, 77

, *78

, *86

0-10

amis

wp

M, b

t, ep

, l-s

l, ps

, slc

, m

c, ro

, ph

91, 9

3, 2

49, 3

70,

374,

389

Gna

thiid

aeG

nath

ia m

axill

aris

(Mon

tagu

, 180

4)5

ace

M, b

t-p, e

c34

, 389

Gna

thia

oxy

urae

a (L

illje

borg

, 185

5)7

ace

M, b

t-p, e

c16

7, 2

49, 3

89C

irol

anid

aeEu

rydi

ce d

ollfu

si M

onod

, 193

0 [E

. d. m

aris-

nigr

i]7,

10,

20,

22,

25,

51

0-3,

8m

, hom

M, b

t (p)

, sep

, ps

36, 2

49, 3

58, 3

70Eu

rydi

ce p

ontic

a (C

zern

iavs

ky, 1

868)

7, 5

1ep

M, b

t (p)

, sep

, l, p

s36

, 249

, 389

Eury

dice

raco

vitz

ai B

aces

cu, 1

949

24, 2

52-

5●

pM

, bt,

ep, s

lc, l

t24

9Eu

rydi

ce sp

inig

era

Han

sen,

189

07,

16,

20,

21,

22

-6, 3

0cl

mM

, bt-p

, ep,

pe

36, 8

4, 2

49, 3

70Eu

rydi

ce v

alka

novi

Bac

escu

, 194

97,

24,

25

2-14

● p

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

ph36

, 249

, 389

Cym

otho

idae

Livo

neca

sinu

ata

Kölb

el, 1

878

[? L

. med

iterr

anea

, Cym

otho

a ca

rrye

nsis]

7lm

M, b

t, ec

167,

389

Mot

hocy

a ta

urica

(Cze

rnia

vsky

, 186

8) [L

ivon

eca

pont

ica, L

. pun

ctat

a, C

ymot

hoa]

3, 7

● p

M, b

t, ec

249,

389

, 412

Bopy

rida

eAn

isart

hrus

pels

enee

ri G

iard

, 190

716

cp, ?

clp

M, b

t, pa

94, 2

49, 3

89Bo

pyri

ssa

diog

eni (

Popo

v, 19

27) [

Pseu

dion

e]7

cp, ?

clp

M, b

t, pa

71, 2

49, 3

89Bo

pyru

s squ

illar

um L

trei

lle, 1

802

7cl

mi

M, b

t, pa

91, 2

49, 3

89

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

110 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Mal

acos

trac

a: D

ecap

oda

plan

kton

larv

aePa

laem

onid

ae

Pala

emon

ads

pers

us R

athk

e, 18

37 [L

eand

er re

ctiro

stris]

7, 1

2, 1

3, 2

3, 2

4, *

69,

*78,

*79

, 84,

88

-35

eam

iM

, bt,

ep, z

c, p

h, s

72, 2

49, 3

58, 3

70,

374,

389

Pala

emon

eleg

ans R

athk

e, 18

37 [L

eand

er sq

uilla

var

. eleg

ans]

1-22

, 24,

*69

, 77,

96

0-30

eam

M-B

, bt,

eh, 4

-5‰

, ep

, ph,

mc,

eu

72, 2

49, 3

70, 3

71,

389

Pala

emon

mac

roda

ctyl

us R

athb

un, 1

902

69j,

SK, i

M, b

t, eh

, et

355

Pala

emon

serr

atus

(Pen

nant

, 177

7) [L

eand

er tr

ielli

anus

]3,

7, 1

3, 2

0, 7

77

eam

rsM

, bt,

ep, r

40, 9

1, 2

14, 2

49A

lphe

idae

Alph

eus d

entip

es G

uérin

-Mén

evill

e, 18

3216

10-1

7, 4

0lm

mg

M, b

t, m

b, lt

, r78

, 249

, 252

Atha

nas n

itesc

ens (

Leac

h,18

14)

5, 7

, 11,

12,

13,

16,

24

3-25

, 50

eam

M, b

t, m

b, p

h, m

c, ro

72, 2

49, 3

71, 3

89H

ippo

lytid

aeH

ippo

lyte

lept

ocer

us (H

elle

r, 18

63)

16, 2

43

eam

M, b

t, ep

, slc

370,

371

Hip

poly

te sa

pphi

ca D

’Ude

kem

d’A

coz,

1993

[H. g

racil

is, H

. lon

giro

stris,

Virb

ius]

7, 1

1, 1

3, 1

6, 2

0, 2

3, 2

42-

25, 4

8lm

, ? lm

mM

, bt,

mb,

ph,

lt, z

c36

, 72,

91,

249

, 371

Proc

essi

dae

Proc

essa

edul

is (R

isso,

181

6)5,

7, 1

6ea

mrs

M, b

t, r

36, 2

49, 3

89C

rang

onid

ae

Cran

gon

cran

gon

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58) [

C. m

acul

osus

, C. v

ulga

ris v

ar. m

acul

osus

]7,

11,

13,

25,

27,

28,

76

, 77

5-10

0ce

, ? n

amj

M, b

t (p)

, eh,

eb,

ps,

s36

, 72,

249

, 371

Philo

cher

as fa

scia

tus (

Riss

o, 1

816)

[Pon

toph

ilus]

13, 1

6, 2

4, 2

51-

2, 1

2cl

mm

, ? e

amM

, bt,

ep, p

s, ph

, r36

, 75,

249

, 389

Philo

cher

as tr

ispin

osus

(Hai

lston

e, 18

35) [

Pont

ophi

lus]

7, 1

6, 2

0, 2

2,-1

5cl

mm

, ? e

amM

, bt,

ep, r

36, 2

49, 3

89N

ephr

opid

ae (H

omar

idae

)

Hom

arus

gam

mar

us (L

inna

eus,

1758

) [H

. vul

gari

s]3,

7, 1

2, 1

6, 1

740

-45

clm

mM

, bt,

mb,

r72

, 84,

103

, 189

, 24

9, 2

96, 3

89, 4

10A

stac

idae

Asta

cus l

epto

dact

ylus

Esc

hsch

oltz

, 182

358

, 59,

60,

*67

, *68

, 71

, 79,

84,

92,

95

(e),

? R

cL-

B, b

t, ep

, 0-9

‰74

, 91,

206

, 249

, 28

6, 3

89C

allia

nass

idae

Pesta

rella

cand

ida

(Oliv

i, 17

92) [

Calli

anas

sa p

esta

e, C.

pon

tica,

C. t

yrrh

ena]

4, 7

, 11,

16,

20,

25,

26

0.5-

15lm

M, b

t, ep

, ps-

pe36

, 77,

84,

249

, 389

Nec

allia

nass

a tr

unca

ta (G

iard

et B

onni

er, 1

890)

[Cal

liana

ssa]

24, 2

5lm

M, b

t, r

214

Upo

gebi

idae

Upo

gebi

a pu

silla

(Pet

agna

, 179

2) [U

. litt

oral

is, G

ebia

]7,

25,

26,

69,

*79

, 84,

*8

6-2

2cl

mm

M, b

t, ep

(p),

ps-p

e, ■

72, 8

4, 9

1, 2

49, 3

70

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 111

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Porc

ella

nida

ePi

sidia

long

icorn

is (R

isso,

181

5) [P

orce

llani

des,

Porc

ellan

a lo

ngim

ana]

1-22

, 24,

50,

69

0-40

eam

M, b

t, m

b, p

h, m

c, ro

72, 7

3, 8

4, 2

49, 3

70D

ioge

nida

eD

ioge

nes p

ugila

tor (

Roux

,182

9) [D

. var

ians

]1-

22, 2

5, 3

6-40

, 69

0-15

, 40

eam

, ? e

ami

M, b

t, m

b, p

s, sg

, ■72

, 84,

91,

358

, 371

Clib

anar

ius e

ryth

ropu

s (La

trei

lle, 1

818)

[C. m

isant

hrop

us]

1-22

, 24,

25

lmm

g, ?

eam

iM

, bt,

ep, l

t, ro

72, 7

3, 8

4, 2

49, 3

89M

ajid

ae, I

nach

idae

Mac

ropo

dia

long

irostr

is (F

abric

ius,

1775

) [St

enor

hync

hus e

gypt

ius]

3, 5

, 7, 1

1, 1

2, 1

6, 2

1,

23, 2

40-

20cl

mm

M, b

t, ep

, ph,

zc,

slc

34, 7

2, 8

6, 2

49, 3

89

Port

unid

aeCa

lline

ctes

sapi

dus R

athb

un, 1

896

3, 5

, 7, 1

35-

22am

j, i

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

s, r

76, 1

03, 2

49, 3

71Po

rtum

nus l

atip

es (P

enna

nt, 1

777)

7, 1

6, 2

13

clm

M, b

t, ep

, ps

36, 7

2, 7

5, 2

49, 3

89Ca

rcin

us a

estu

arii

Nar

do, 1

847

[C. m

aena

s, C.

med

iterr

aneu

s]1-

22, 2

3, 2

4, 2

5, *

69,

0-70

lm, ?

am

pM

, bt,

ps, z

c, ro

, r, ■

72, 7

3, 8

4, 3

70, 3

71Li

ocar

cinus

dep

urat

or (L

inna

eus,

1758

) [M

acro

pipu

s, Po

rtun

us]

7ce

m, ?

eam

M, b

t, r

84, 2

49, 3

70, 3

71Li

ocar

cinus

nav

igat

or (H

erbs

t, 17

94) [

L. a

rcua

tus,

Mac

ropi

pus,

Port

unus

]7,

11,

16,

25,

*69

3-80

acem

M, b

t, eb

, ps,

sg, s

, ■72

, 73,

84,

249

, 389

Lioc

arcin

us v

erna

lis (R

isso,

182

7) [P

ortu

nus h

olsa

tus,

Mac

ropi

pus]

7, 1

1-13

, 16,

25,

36-

40, *

69, *

78, *

79, 8

4,

*86,

88

-80

clm

m, ?

eam

M, b

t, eb

, eh,

ps,

sg72

,73,

91,

249

, 370

, 37

1, 3

89

Xan

thid

ae (E

riphi

idae

, Pan

opei

dae,

Pilu

mni

dae)

Erip

hia

verr

ucos

a (F

orsk

ål, 1

775)

[E. s

pini

frons

]1-

22, 2

4, 4

5, 5

00-

30lm

m, ?

lmm

gM

, bt,

ep, s

p-l-s

l, lt,

ro

, ■, ▲

72,7

3, 9

1, 1

14, 2

49,

370,

371

, 389

Pilu

mnu

s hirt

ellus

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

61) [

P. h

. var

. vill

osus

, P. v

illos

us]

1-22

, 24,

*69

0-40

clm

mM

, bt,

mb,

ph,

mc,

lt,

ro, s

lc, ■

72, 7

3, 8

4, 9

1, 2

49,

358,

370

, 371

, 389

Xant

ho p

ores

sa (O

livi,

1792

) [X.

hyd

roph

ilus,

X. ri

vulo

sus]

1-22

, 24,

69

1-15

, 100

lmm

M, b

t, eb

, ro,

■72

, 84,

91,

249

, 371

Rhith

ropa

nope

us h

arri

sii (G

ould

, 184

1) [R

. h. t

riden

tatu

s]7,

*68

, *69

, 87,

96

-10

nam

, iM

-B, b

t, ps

, ps-

s95

, 164

, 371

, 386

Pota

mid

ae (P

otam

onid

ae)

Pota

mon

iber

icum

(Bie

bers

tein

, 180

8) [P

. fluv

iatil

e, P.

pot

amio

s, P.

taur

icum

]43

, 74,

87,

92,

94

(nm

wca

)L,

eu,

ro, p

h, ■

69, 1

14, 2

14G

raps

idae

(Var

unid

ae)

Brac

hyno

tus g

emm

ellar

i (Ri

zza,

183

9) [C

leisto

stom

a]7

15m

, hom

M, b

t, r

370,

371

Brac

hyno

tus s

exde

ntat

us (R

isso,

182

7) [H

eter

ogra

psus

(Bra

chyn

otus

) luc

asi]

7, 1

3, 2

5, 2

6, *

691,

9-4

0ho

m, l

m, c

lmM

, bt,

mb,

ps-

pe, s

, ph

72,7

3, 8

4, 2

49, 3

58,

370,

371

, 389

Pach

ygra

psus

mar

mor

atus

(Fab

riciu

s, 17

87)

1-22

, 24,

45,

50

0-7

clm

mM

, bt,

sep,

spr-s

lr, l,

lt,

ro, ■

72, 8

4, 9

1, 1

14, 2

49,

370,

371

, 389

Erio

chei

r sin

ensis

(H. M

ilne

Edw

ards

, 185

4)?

96(e

sea,

sk -

i)L-

B, e

u, is

214

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

112 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Hex

apod

a: E

ntog

nath

aC

olle

mbo

laN

eanu

rida

e? A

nurid

a m

ariti

ma

(Gué

rin-M

énev

ille,

1836

)45

, 46,

49,

52

nam

, (hn

at)

M-T

L, l,

sp47

, 84,

249

Frie

sea

acum

inat

a (D

enis,

192

5)1-

22, 5

9, 6

0lm

, (nm

)M

-TL,

l24

7, 2

49, 2

52O

nych

iuri

dae

Prot

apho

rura

fim

ata

(Gisi

n, 1

952)

[Ony

chiu

rus]

1-22

(e)

TL, s

p-l

247,

249

, 252

Isot

omid

aeAr

chiso

tom

a be

ssels

i (Pa

ckar

d, 1

877)

1-22

, 51,

52

ace,

(h)

M-T

L, sp

-l, p

s24

7, 2

49, 2

52En

tom

obry

idae

Seira

ferr

arii

Paro

na, 1

888

1-20

, 25,

51

(m, h

om)

M-T

L, l-

sl, p

s24

7, 2

49, 2

52H

exap

oda:

Inse

cta

Ephe

mer

opte

raSi

phlo

nuri

dae

Siph

lonu

rus l

acus

tris

(Eat

on, 1

870)

80(tp

)L-

TL21

8Ba

etid

aeCl

oeon

dip

teru

m (L

inna

eus,

1761

)58

, 77,

80

(h)

L-TL

, bt,

ph21

8, 2

58Ce

ntro

ptilu

m lu

teol

um (M

ülle

r, 17

76)

58(tp

, ? h

es)

L-TL

, bt,

ph21

8, 2

58C

aeni

dae

Caen

is ho

raria

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

58, 7

7, 8

0(tp

)L-

TL, b

t, ph

218,

258

Caen

is lu

ctuo

sa (B

urm

eist

er, 1

839)

58, 5

9, 7

7, 8

0(w

cp, ?

hoe

s)L-

TL, b

t, ph

218,

258

Caen

is ro

busta

Eat

on, 1

884

58(tp

)L-

TL, b

t, ph

218,

258

Odo

nata

Cal

opte

rygi

dae

Calo

pter

yx sp

lende

ns (H

arris

, 178

2)65

, 71,

73,

83,

84,

*8

6, 9

1, 9

2(w

cp)

L-TL

, ■, ♦

114,

216

, 217

Calo

pter

yx v

irgo

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

83, 9

1, 9

2, 9

4(tp

)L-

TL, ■

, ♦11

4, 2

16Eu

phae

idae

Epal

lage

fatim

e (C

harp

entie

r, 18

40)

92(o

m)

L-TL

, ■, ▲

, ♦11

4, 2

16, 2

17Le

stid

ae

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 113

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Leste

s bar

baru

s (Fa

bric

ius,

1798

)58

, 60,

61,

63,

70,

72,

74

, 76-

*78,

80-

82, 8

4-*8

6, 8

8, 9

2, 9

5(w

po)

L-TL

, 13‰

216,

217

, 218

, 258

Leste

s dry

as K

irby,

1890

58, 8

0, *

86, 8

8(h

)L-

TL21

5, 2

16, 2

17, 2

18Le

stes m

acro

stigm

a (E

vers

man

n, 1

836)

76, 8

0(m

wca

)L-

TL, 1

4‰, h

a59

, 119

, 216

, 217

Leste

s par

vide

ns (A

rtob

olev

ski,

1929

) [Ch

alco

leste

s]71

, 77,

78,

81,

83-

85,

91, 9

4(n

emit)

L-TL

216,

217

Leste

s spo

nsa

(Han

sem

ann,

182

3)58

, 63,

*78

(tp)

L-TL

59, 2

16, 2

17Le

stes v

irens

(Cha

rpen

tier,

1825

)77

, 78,

81

(wp)

L-TL

216,

217

, 258

Leste

s viri

dis (

Vand

er L

inde

n, 1

825)

[Cha

lcoles

tes]

77, 8

6, 8

8, 9

0, 9

1(h

om)

L-TL

, ▲, ♦

217,

258

Sym

pecm

a fu

sca

(Van

der L

inde

n, 1

820)

58, 6

0, *

61, 6

9, 7

1,

80, 8

4(o

mca

)L-

TL59

, 215

, 216

, 218

Plat

ycne

mid

idae

Plat

ycne

mis

penn

ipes

(Pal

las,

1771

)60

, 65,

68,

71-

76, 7

8,

84, *

86, 8

8, 9

0-92

, 94

, 95

(wce

s)L-

TL59

, 119

, 216

, 217

Coe

nagr

ioni

dae

Eryt

hrom

ma

virid

ulum

(Cha

rpen

tier,

1840

)58

, 60,

63,

71,

73,

*7

8, 8

0, 8

2, 8

3, 8

5,

*86,

88,

92

(mca

, ? w

p)L-

TL59

, 215

, 216

, 218

Pyrr

hoso

ma

nym

phul

a (S

ulze

r, 17

76)

83, 8

9, 9

2(w

p)L-

TL21

6Co

enag

rion

orna

tum

(Sel

ys, 1

850)

75, 7

6, 9

2, 9

5(n

m)

L-TL

59, 2

15, 2

16

Coen

agrio

n pu

ella

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

60, 6

3, 7

0, 7

1, *

78,

80, 8

2, 8

3, *

86, 8

8,

91, 9

2, 9

5(e

na)

L-TL

59, 2

16, 2

17

Coen

agrio

n pu

lchell

um (V

ande

r Lin

den,

182

0)60

, 63,

70,

71,

75,

77,

*7

8, 8

0, 8

2, 8

3, 9

0(w

es)

L-TL

59, 2

15, 2

16, 2

17,

218

Coen

agrio

n sc

itulu

m (R

ambu

r, 18

42)

71, 8

0, 8

8, 9

1(h

om)

L-TL

59, 2

15, 2

16, 2

18Ce

rcio

n lin

deni

i (Sé

lys,

1840

)74

, 78,

86,

92

(hom

)L-

TL21

6

Enal

lagm

a cy

athi

geru

m (C

harp

entie

r, 18

40)

60, 6

1, 6

9, 7

4, 7

7,

78, 8

0(h

)L-

TL21

6, 2

17, 2

18

Ischn

ura

elega

ns (V

ande

r Lin

den,

182

0)58

, 60,

61,

63,

65,

*6

8-86

, 88,

89,

92,

95

(po)

L-TL

119,

215

, 216

, 217

, 21

8, 2

58, 2

59

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

114 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Ischn

ura

pum

ilio

(Cha

rpen

tier,

1825

)58

, 60,

63,

69-

71, 7

7,

80, 9

2, 9

4(w

cp, w

cpo)

L-TL

215,

216

, 217

, 218

, 25

8A

eshn

idae

Anax

impe

rato

r Lea

ch, 1

815

58, 6

0, 6

1, 6

3, *

68,

*69,

71,

73,

75,

77,

80

, 83,

85,

86,

88,

92

, 95

(wpp

t)L-

TL, ■

, ♦11

4, 2

15, 2

16, 2

17,

218,

258

Anax

par

then

ope (

Sely

s, 18

39)

58, *

68, *

69, 7

3-80

, 82

-84,

86

(pts

p)L-

TL21

6, 2

17, 2

18, 2

58

Hem

iana

x ep

hipp

iger

(Bur

mei

ster

, 183

9)58

, 65,

77,

78,

80,

85

(ptm

)L-

TL59

, 216

, 218

, 258

Brac

hytro

n pr

aten

se (M

ülle

r, 17

64)

86(e

an)

L-TL

216

Aesh

na a

ffini

s Van

der L

inde

n, 1

820

69, 7

4, 7

8, 8

0, 8

1, 8

3,

84, 8

6, 8

8(w

cp)

L-TL

, 4‰

216,

217

, 218

Aesh

na is

ocele

s (M

ülle

r, 17

67) [

Anac

iaes

chna

isos

celes

]71

, 76-

78, 8

0, 8

3,

86, 8

9(h

om, ?

wp)

L-TL

119,

216

, 258

, 259

Aesh

na m

ixta

Lat

reill

e, 18

0572

, 77,

80

(tpo)

L-TL

215,

217

, 218

, 259

Cor

dulii

dae

Som

atoc

hlor

a m

erid

iona

lis N

ielse

n, 1

935

69, 8

8, 8

9, 9

1(n

m)

L-TL

59, 2

16Li

bellu

lidae

Libe

llula

dep

ress

a (L

inna

eus,

1758

)70

, 80,

83,

84,

86,

88,

89

, 91,

92,

94,

95

(esc

a)L-

TL21

6, 2

17

Libe

llula

fulv

a M

ülle

r, 17

6477

, 78,

80,

88,

89

(wes

a)L-

TL21

6, 2

17, 2

18, 2

58Li

bellu

la q

uadr

imac

ulat

a Li

nnae

us, 1

758

84, 8

8(h

)L-

TL21

6, 2

17

Ort

hetr

um a

lbist

ylum

(Sél

ys, 1

848)

60, 6

1, 6

8, 6

9, 7

2, 7

5,

77, 7

8, 8

0, 8

6(tp

)L-

TL21

5, 2

16, 2

17, 2

18

Ort

hetr

um b

runn

eum

(Fon

scol

ombe

, 183

7)63

, 64,

68-

72, 7

8, 7

9,

81, 8

3, 8

5, 8

8, 8

9,

91, 9

2(o

mca

)L-

TL21

6, 2

17

Ort

hetr

um ca

ncell

atum

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

58, 6

0, 6

1, 6

3, 7

3-78

, 80

, 83,

84,

86,

88,

92,

94

, 95

(wp)

L-TL

, 13‰

59, 2

15, 2

16, 2

17,

218

Ort

hetr

um co

erul

esce

ns (F

abric

ius,

1798

)60

, 61,

65,

68,

74,

76,

78

, 83

(e)

L-TL

119,

216

, 217

, 259

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 115

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Croc

othe

mis

eryt

hrae

a (B

rullé

, 183

2)58

, 60,

61,

63,

69,

71,

72

, 74,

76-

86, 8

8, 8

9,

92, 9

4, 9

5(p

tmca

)L-

TL11

9, 2

17, 2

18, 2

59

Sym

petr

um d

epre

ssiu

scul

um (S

élys

, 184

1)81

(tp)

L-TL

, ▲, ♦

216,

217

Sym

petr

um fo

nsco

lom

bii (

Sély

s, 18

40)

58, 6

0, 7

1, 7

7, 8

0, 8

3,

84, 8

6(p

tm, p

tsp)

L-TL

216,

217

, 218

Sym

petr

um m

erid

iona

le (S

élys

, 184

1)58

, 60,

61,

65,

68,

71,

72

, 74-

78, 8

0, 8

2, 8

3-86

, 88,

92

(mca

, om

ca)

L-TL

59, 1

19, 2

15, 2

16,

217,

218

, 259

Sym

petr

um p

edem

onta

num

(Alli

oni,

1766

)58

, 60,

77

(tp, ?

dp)

L-TL

216,

217

Sym

petr

um sa

ngui

neum

(Mül

ler,

1764

)60

, 63,

71,

77,

80-

86,

92, 9

5(w

p)L-

TL21

6, 2

17

Sym

petr

um st

riola

tum

(Cha

rpen

tier,

1840

)*6

8, *

69, 7

1, 7

4,

76-8

1, 8

3, 8

5, 8

6, 9

2,

93, 9

5(tp

)L-

TL, e

h11

9, 2

15, 2

16, 2

17,

218,

259

Sym

petr

um v

ulga

tum

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

60, 7

7, 8

0(e

wca

)L-

TL, ▲

, ♦21

6, 2

17, 2

18H

eter

opte

raC

orix

idae

Corix

a affi

nis L

each

, 181

733

, *69

(po)

L-TL

, sp,

ha

152,

252

Siga

ra la

tera

lis (L

each

, 181

7) [S

. hie

rogl

yphi

ca]

33, 4

1, 4

2, 5

9, 6

1(p

pt)

L-TL

, sp

ha-6

.8‰

85, 1

58, 2

52, 3

89Si

gara

may

ri (F

iebe

r, 18

60)

33(e

m)

L-TL

, sp,

ha-

34‰

158,

252

Siga

ra n

igro

linea

ta (F

iebe

r, 18

48)

33(h

op)

L-TL

, sp,

ha-

4.6‰

158,

252

Siga

ra st

riata

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

33(tp

, ? h

op)

L-TL

, sp,

hs-

3.4‰

158,

252

Not

onec

tidae

Not

onec

ta gl

auca

Lin

naeu

s, 17

5858

, 77

(hes

, ? h

op)

L-TL

, sp,

eu

206,

258

Not

onec

ta v

iridi

s Del

cour

t, 19

0933

, 44

(po)

L-TL

, sp,

ha-

4.5‰

158,

252

Plei

dae

Plea

min

utiss

ima

Leac

h, 1

817

80(w

cp)

L-TL

, sp,

eu

218

Nau

cori

dae

Ilyoc

oris

cimico

ides

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

80(tp

)L-

TL, s

p, e

u21

8N

epid

aeN

epa

ciner

ea L

inna

eus,

1758

59(h

op)

L-TL

, eu

206

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

116 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Rana

tra li

near

is (L

inna

eus,

1758

)71

(hop

)L-

TL, e

u37

4, 3

89Be

lost

omat

idae

Leth

ocer

us p

atru

elis (

Stål

, 185

4) [L

. cor

dofa

nus,

Belo

stom

a ni

lotic

um]

*78

(om

, ? o

sp)

L-TL

79, 3

89H

ebri

dae

Heb

rus p

usill

us (F

allé

n, 1

807)

80(w

p)T,

sp21

8M

irid

aeD

erae

ocor

is se

renu

s (D

ougl

as e

t Sco

tt, 1

868)

47, 7

6(h

om)

T, sp

, ha

158,

252

Tera

toco

ris a

nten

natu

s (Bo

hem

an, 1

852)

47(e

, ? h

op)

T, sp

, ha

158,

252

Phyt

ocor

is in

signi

s Reu

ter,

1876

77(e

)T,

sp, h

a15

8, 2

52Ly

gus i

talic

us W

agne

r, 19

50 [L

. mar

itim

us]

48, 7

7(a

tm)

T, sp

, ha

158,

252

Poly

mer

us co

gnat

us (F

iebe

r,185

8)48

(h)

T, sp

, ha

158,

252

Ort

hoty

lus j

osifo

vi W

agne

r, 19

5948

, *69

, 76

(Er)

T, sp

, ha

158,

252

Ort

hoty

lus p

arvu

lus R

eute

r, 18

7947

(nem

)T,

sp, h

a15

8, 2

52O

rtho

tylu

s rub

idus

Put

on, 1

874

47, 4

8, 7

6(a

m)

T, sp

, ha

158,

252

Ort

hoty

lus s

chob

eria

e Reu

ter,

1876

48, 7

6, *

78(n

m)

T, sp

, ha

158,

252

Euro

piell

a al

bipe

nnis

(Fal

lén,

182

9) [P

lagi

ogna

thus

lanu

gino

sus]

47(e

t, ?

mt)

T, sp

, ha

158,

252

Com

psid

olon

pum

ilum

(Jak

ovle

v, 18

76) [

C. a

tom

osum

, Psa

llus]

77(h

om)

T, sp

, ha

158,

252

Nab

idae

Nab

is sa

rept

anus

Doh

rn, 1

862

[Hal

onab

is]48

(om

ca, ?

osp

)T,

sp, h

a15

8, 2

52Ti

ngid

aeCa

topl

atus

cart

husia

nus (

Goe

ze, 1

778)

48(c

sena

)T,

sp, h

a15

8, 2

52Ag

ram

ma

atric

apill

um (S

pino

la, 1

837)

[Ser

enth

ia]

48(m

ca)

T, sp

, ha

158,

252

Agra

mm

a la

etum

(Fal

lén,

180

7) [A

. con

fusu

m, S

eren

thia

]48

(wce

s)T,

sp, h

a15

8, 2

52Sa

ldid

aeSa

lda

adria

tica

Hor

vath

, 188

7 [S

. litt

oral

is, S

. l. a

dria

tica]

47, 7

6(n

em)

T, sp

, ha

158,

252

Char

tosc

irta

long

icorn

is (J

akov

lev,

1882

) [Ch

. eleg

antu

la lo

ngico

rnis]

*69,

77

(pm

)T,

sp, h

a15

8, 2

52H

alos

alda

late

ralis

(Fal

lén,

180

7)47

(wp)

T, sp

, ha

158,

252

Sald

ula

aren

icola

(Sch

oltz

, 184

7)47

, 76

(hat

)T,

sp, h

a15

8, 2

52Sa

ldul

a op

acul

a (Z

ette

rste

dt, 1

838)

32, 3

3(h

o)T,

sp, h

a15

8, 2

52Sa

ldul

a pa

llipe

s (Fa

bric

ius,

1794

)47

(hno

)T,

sp, h

a15

8, 2

52Sa

ldul

a pi

lose

lla (Th

omso

n, 1

871)

47, 7

6(tp

)T,

sp, h

a15

8, 2

52

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 117

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Pies

mat

idae

Para

pies

ma

salso

lae (

Beck

er, 1

867)

[Pie

sma]

48(w

es)

T, sp

, ha

158,

252

Lyga

eida

eCy

mus

clav

iculu

s (Fa

llén,

180

7)48

(h)

T, sp

, ha

158,

252

Cym

us g

rand

icolo

r Hah

n, 1

832

48(tp

)T,

sp, h

a15

8, 2

52Cy

mus

mela

noce

phal

us F

iebe

r, 18

6148

(hom

)T,

sp, h

a15

8, 2

52H

enes

tari

s hal

ophi

lus (

Burm

eist

er, 1

835)

48(h

om)

T, sp

, ha

158,

252

Hen

esta

ris l

atice

ps (C

urtis

, 183

6)48

(atm

)T,

sp, h

a15

8, 2

52Pe

ritre

chus

mer

idio

nalis

Put

on, 1

877

[P. a

mbi

guus

]47

, *69

, 77

(hom

)T,

sp, h

a15

8Pe

ntat

omid

aeAn

them

inia

var

icorn

is (J

akov

lev,

1876

) [Co

doph

ila]

47(tp

)T,

sp, h

a15

8, 2

52Eu

ryde

ma

spec

tabi

lis H

orvá

th, 1

882

48(n

em)

T, sp

s, ha

158,

159

, 252

Cyd

nida

eSt

ibar

opus

hen

kei (

Jako

vlev

, 187

4)48

(em

ca)

T, sp

s47

, 57

Col

eopt

era

Dyt

isci

dae

Hyd

rogl

yphu

s gem

inus

(Fab

riciu

s, 17

92) [

Bide

ssus

, Gui

gnot

us p

usill

us]

42(p

o)L-

TL, s

p, e

u, sw

85, 3

89H

ygro

tus c

onflu

ens (

Fabr

iciu

s, 17

87) [

Coela

mbu

s]42

(wcp

)L-

TL, s

p, sw

, th

85, 1

43, 3

89H

ygro

tus l

erna

eus (

Scha

um, 1

857)

[Coe

lam

bus]

77(h

om)

L-TL

, ha,

sw14

3, 1

84, 3

89H

ygro

tus p

allid

ulus

(Aub

é, 18

50) [

Coela

mbu

s]48

(hom

)L-

TL, s

p, h

a14

3, 1

84, 3

89H

ygro

tus p

aral

lello

gram

mus

(Ahr

ens,

1812

) [Co

elam

bus]

48(w

cp)

L-TL

, sp,

ha

143,

184

, 389

Hyd

ropo

rus j

onicu

s L. M

iller

, 186

2*6

9(h

om)

L-TL

, sw

143,

184

, 389

Neb

riopo

rus c

eres

yi (A

ubé,

1836

) [D

eron

ecte

s, Po

tam

onec

tes]

76(m

ca)

L-TL

, 7‰

, ha,

sw85

, 86,

184

, 389

Lacc

ophi

lus m

inut

us (L

inna

eus,

1758

) [L.

obs

curu

s]42

(wpo

)L-

TL, s

p, sw

85, 1

84, 3

89Rh

antu

s sut

ural

is (M

acLe

ay, 1

825)

[R. p

ulve

rosu

s]42

(poa

, ? sk

, R)

L-TL

, sp,

eu,

sw85

, 184

, 389

Eret

es st

ictic

us (L

inna

eus,

1767

)42

(k)

L-TL

, sp,

sw85

, 184

, 389

Dyt

iscus

mar

gina

lis L

inna

eus,

1758

71, *

78(h

)L-

TL, s

w, e

u18

4, 3

74, 3

89Cy

biste

r lat

eral

imar

gina

lis (D

eGee

r, 17

74)

7, 5

9, 6

0(w

cp)

L-TL

, sw,

eu

184

Gyr

inid

aeG

yrin

us d

istin

ctus

Aub

é, 18

367

(hop

)L-

TL, e

u85

, 184

, 389

Gyr

inus

suffr

iani

Scr

iba,

185

57

(wp)

L-TL

, eu,

sw85

, 184

, 389

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

118 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Hyd

roph

ilida

eH

eloph

orus

aqu

aticu

s (Li

nnae

us, 1

758)

42(w

p)L-

TL, s

p, sw

85, 3

89H

eloph

orus

bre

vipa

lpis

Bede

l, 18

8142

(wcp

, ? h

)L-

TL, s

p, sw

85, 3

89Be

rosu

s bisp

ina

Reic

he e

t Sau

lcy,

1856

42(m

wca

)L-

TL, s

p, sw

, ha

85, 3

89Be

rosu

s spi

nosu

s (St

even

, 180

8)*6

9(tp

)L-

TL, s

w, e

u18

4, 3

89Ce

rcyo

n ar

enar

ius R

ey, 1

885

46(s

e)L-

TL, s

p14

4Pa

racy

mus

aen

eus (

Ger

mar

, 182

4)33

, 41,

*69

, 76

(tp)

L-TL

, sw,

ha

85, 8

6, 1

44, 1

84La

ccob

ius g

racil

is M

otsc

hulsk

y, 18

5542

(hom

)L-

TL, s

p, sw

85, 3

89La

ccob

ius s

cute

llari

s Mot

schu

lsky,

1855

42(e

m)

L-TL

, sp,

sw18

4, 3

89En

ochr

us b

icolo

r (Fa

bric

ius,

1792

) [Ph

ilydr

us]

*69,

76,

77,

*78

(hop

, ? h

)L-

TL, s

w, e

u85

, 184

Hyd

roph

ilus p

iceus

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

7, *

78(tp

o)L-

TL, s

w, e

u85

, 374

, 389

Hyd

raen

idae

Och

theb

ius m

arin

us (P

ayku

ll, 1

798)

33, 4

1, 4

2, 4

4, 7

6, 7

7,

*78

(h)

L-TL

, ha,

sw, e

u, sp

85, 1

44, 1

84, 3

89

Och

theb

ius n

anus

Ste

phen

s, 18

2941

(cse

na, h

om)

L-TL

, 23‰

, sp,

sw18

4, 3

89O

chth

ebiu

s pon

ticus

Ieni

stea

, 195

641

, 42,

43

(Er)

L-TL

, l, s

pV.

Gué

orgu

iev

Tric

hopt

era

Hyd

ropt

ilida

eSt

acto

bia

casp

ersi

Ulm

er, 1

950

42(e

m)

L-TL

, sp,

sw84

, 211

, 389

Dip

tera

Cer

atop

ogon

idae

Das

yhele

a ha

loph

ila K

ieffe

r, 19

1133

(se)

L-TL

, 7-1

0‰, s

w, h

a38

6C

hiro

nom

idae

Tany

pus p

unct

ipen

nis M

eige

n, 1

818

[Pelo

pia]

58, 5

9, 6

0, *

68, *

79(h

no)

L-TL

, 6‰

, sw

96, 2

49, 3

89An

atop

ynia

plu

mip

es (F

ries,

1823

)*6

9(w

ces,

? w

p)L-

TL, 1

‰, s

w96

, 389

Abla

besm

yia

mon

ilis (

Linn

aeus

, 175

8)58

(hno

a, ?

sk)

L-TL

, sw

96, 3

89Th

iene

man

nim

yia

lentig

inos

a (F

ries,

1823

) [Ab

labe

smyi

a]*6

8(w

p, ?

wcp

)L-

TL, 1

‰, s

w96

, 389

Thal

asso

myi

a fra

uenf

eldi S

chin

er, 1

856

2, 3

, 7, 1

3, 1

4, 1

7,

32, 3

3(a

se)

M-T

L, l-

sp, l

t85

, 249

, 380

, 389

Clun

io m

arin

us H

alid

ay, 1

855

7, 1

6(e

na)

M-T

L, sl

-l, p

h, lt

84, 3

80Cl

unio

pon

ticus

Mic

hailo

va, 1

980

5, 7

, 11,

16,

20

(Er)

M-T

L, sl

-l, lt

249,

252

, 267

Crico

topu

s alg

arum

(Kie

ffer,

1911

)32

, 33,

59,

60,

*68

(eca

, ? h

)L-

TL, 1

‰, s

w96

, 249

, 337

, 389

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 119

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

? Cric

otop

us in

ters

ectu

s (St

aege

r, 18

39) [

? Cr

ypto

chiro

nom

us co

njug

ens]

58, 5

9, 6

0, *

68(h

)L-

TL, 6

‰, s

w96

, 389

Crico

topu

s orn

atus

(Mei

gen,

181

8)32

, 33,

59,

60

(ho)

L-TL

, 0.8

‰, s

w24

9, 3

37

Crico

topu

s syl

vestr

is (F

abric

ius,

1794

)32

, 33,

58-

60, *

68,

*69,

80

(hno

)L-

TL, 8

‰, l

, sw

96, 2

49, 3

37, 3

89

Hal

ocla

dius

med

iterr

aneu

s Hir

veno

ja, 1

973

76(e

m)

M-T

L, sw

, ha

119,

398

Hal

ocla

dius

var

ians

(Sta

eger

, 183

9) [C

ricot

opus

]32

, 33

(ena

, ? w

p)M

-TL,

sp, h

a24

9, 2

52, 2

66? H

aloc

ladi

us v

itrip

enni

s (M

eige

n, 1

818)

[Cric

otop

us, T

richo

cladi

us],

sp. d

ubia

2, 7

, 32,

33

(e)

M-T

L, l-

sp, p

h, lt

57, 8

5, 2

49, 2

66? L

imno

phye

s min

imus

(Mei

gen,

181

8) [C

ampt

ocla

dius

exig

uus,

Tany

tars

us]

*68

(hpt

n, ?

sk)

L-TL

, 1.5

‰, s

w96

, 389

Lim

noph

yes p

enta

plas

tus (

Kie

ffer,

1921

) [L.

pro

long

atus

]*6

8(h

)L-

TL, 1

‰, s

w96

, 389

Ort

hocla

dius

fusc

iman

us (K

ieffe

r, 19

08) [

O. b

ipun

ctell

us]

16(e

na, ?

wp)

L-TL

, l-s

p25

2, 2

68O

rtho

cladi

us ru

bicu

ndus

(Mei

gen,

181

8) [O

. sax

icola

]58

, 59,

60

(h)

L-TL

, 1‰

, sw

96, 3

89Pr

opsil

ocer

us la

custr

is K

ieffe

r, 19

23*6

8(c

see)

L-TL

, 1‰

, sw

353,

389

Psec

trocla

dius

obv

ius (

Wal

ker,

1856

) [P.

dila

tatu

s]*6

8(h

)L-

TL, 1

‰, s

w96

, 389

Psec

trocla

dius

psil

opte

rus (

Kie

ffer,

1906

)58

, 59,

60,

*68

(h)

L-TL

, 1‰

, sw

96, 3

89Rh

eocr

icoto

pus a

trip

es (K

ieffe

r, 19

13) [

R. fo

veat

us]

7, 1

1, 1

6, 3

2, 3

3(w

cp)

L-TL

, sp

249

Smitt

ia d

uplic

ata

Stre

nzke

, 195

116

, 24

(Er)

M-T

L, sl

, ph

249

Baeo

tend

ipes

noc

tivag

us (K

ieffe

r, 19

11) [

Hal

iella

casp

ersi]

76(h

om)

M-T

L, 1

00‰

, sw

86, 1

19, 2

49, 3

89Ch

irono

mus

anc

hial

icus M

icha

ilova

, 197

476

(Ep)

M-T

L, 8

0‰, s

w11

9, 2

52, 2

59, 2

65Ch

irono

mus

apr

ilinu

s Mei

gen,

181

8 [C

h. h

alop

hilu

s]33

, 42,

*69

, 76,

80

(wcp

)M

-B-T

L, 1

2‰, l

-sp

84, 1

19, 2

49, 3

89

Chiro

nom

us p

lum

osus

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

16, 2

0, 3

3, 5

8, *

68, 7

6(h

no)

L-TL

, 0-9

‰, s

w, sp

84, 9

7, 1

19, 2

49,

353,

374

, 389

, 396

Chiro

nom

us ri

pariu

s Mei

gen,

180

4 [C

h. th

umm

i]42

, 58-

60, *

68, *

69,

*74,

76,

77,

80,

88

(hn)

L-TL

, 0-1

6‰, s

w, sp

85, 9

6, 3

37, 3

53,

374,

389

, 396

Chiro

nom

us sa

linar

ius K

ieffe

r, 19

1533

, 58-

60, *

69, *

66, 7

6,

77, *

78, *

79, 8

0, *

86(w

cp)

M-T

L, 1

5-60

‰, s

w,

sp84

, 96,

119

, 353

, 25

9, 2

64, 3

74, 3

96Ch

irono

mus

val

kano

vi M

icha

ilova

, 197

476

, 77

(Ep)

M-T

L, 6

0‰, s

w25

2, 2

64, 2

65, 3

98Cr

ypto

chiro

nom

us d

efec

tus (

Kie

ffer,

1913

)58

, 59,

60,

*68

, 76

(pa)

L-TL

, 2‰

, sw

96, 3

37, 3

89D

icrot

endi

pes n

ervo

sus (

Stae

ger,

1839

) [Li

mno

chiro

nom

us]

58, 5

9, 6

0, *

68, *

79(h

)L-

TL, 2

‰, s

w96

, 337

, 389

? End

ochi

rono

mus

sign

atico

rnis

Kie

ffer,

1913

, nom

. dub

ia58

, 60,

68

(e)

L-TL

, 2‰

, sw

96, 3

89En

doch

irono

mus

tend

ens (

Fabr

iciu

s, 17

75)

59, 6

0(tp

, ? h

op)

L-TL

, 0.8

‰, s

w33

7G

lypt

oten

dipe

s bar

bipe

s (St

aege

r, 18

39)

42, 4

6(h

o)L-

TL, s

w, sp

131,

252

Gly

ptot

endi

pes c

aulic

ola

(Kie

ffer,

1913

)59

, 60

(cse

)L-

TL, 0

.8‰

, sw

337

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

120 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Gly

ptot

endi

pes g

lauc

us (M

eige

n, 1

818)

59, 6

0(tp

)L-

TL, 0

.8‰

, sw

337

Gly

ptot

endi

pes c

aulig

inell

us (K

ieffe

r, 19

13) [

G. g

ripek

oven

i]58

-60,

*68

, 76,

*79

, 80

(po)

L-TL

, 2‰

, sw

96, 1

19, 3

37, 3

96

Gly

ptot

endi

pes p

allen

s (M

eige

n, 1

804)

[G. p

olyt

omus

]58

, 59,

60

(po)

L-TL

, 2‰

, sw

96? P

arac

hiro

nom

us p

arar

ostra

tus H

arni

sch,

192

3 [C

rypt

ochi

rono

mus

], sp

. dub

ia

58, 6

0L-

TL, 2

‰, s

w96

, 389

Poly

pedi

lum

nub

ecul

osum

(Mei

gen,

180

4)2,

7, 5

8, 5

9, 6

0, *

68(h

)L-

TL, 1

5‰, l

, sw

84, 9

6, 2

49, 3

37Po

lype

dilu

m n

ubife

r (Sk

use,

1889

) [P.

abe

rran

s, P.

pha

rao]

7, 2

4, 5

8-60

, *68

, 77

(poa

)L-

TL, 1

.5‰

, l, p

h97

, 249

, 389

Poly

pedi

lum

scal

aenu

m (S

chra

nk, 1

803)

[P. b

revi

ante

nnat

um]

58, 5

9, 6

0, *

68(h

o)L-

TL, 2

‰, s

w97

, 389

Clad

otan

ytar

sus m

ancu

s (W

alke

r, 18

56) [

Tany

tars

us]

*68

(h)

L-TL

, 1.5

‰, s

w97

, 389

Stem

pelli

na b

ause

i (K

ieffe

r, 19

11)

*68

(wce

s)L-

TL, 1

‰, s

w97

, 389

Tany

tars

us g

rega

rius K

ieffe

r, 19

09*6

9(h

)L-

TL, s

w84

, 389

Tany

tars

us m

enda

x K

ieffe

r, 19

25 [T

. hol

ochl

oris]

32(h

)L-

TL, s

p24

9C

haob

orid

aeCh

aobo

rus c

rysta

llinu

s (D

e G

eer,

1776

)59

, 60

(h)

L-TL

, 0.8

‰, p

s, s,

ro33

7St

ratio

myi

dae

Stra

tiom

ys lo

ngico

rnis

(Sco

poli,

176

3)59

(tp)

L-TL

, 0.7

8‰, s

w20

6H

ybot

idae

Cher

sodr

omia

colli

nian

a Fr

ey, 1

936

47(m

)T,

sps,

ha46

, 252

Cher

sodr

omia

curt

ipen

nis C

ollin

, 195

047

(pm

, Ep)

T, sp

s, ha

46, 2

52D

olic

hopo

dida

eAp

hros

ylus

fusc

ipen

nis S

trob

l, 19

0945

(se)

M-T

L, sl

-l-sp

, lt

50, 5

1, 2

49, 2

52Ap

hros

ylus

pisc

ator

Lic

htw

ardt

, 190

245

(Eb)

M-T

L, sl

-l-sp

, lt,

r50

, 249

, 252

Aphr

osyl

us v

enat

or L

oew,

185

745

, 46

(hom

)M

-TL,

sl-l-

sp, l

t46

, 47,

50,

249

, 252

Coe

lopi

dae

Mal

acom

yia

scio

myz

ina

(Hal

iday

, 183

3)46

(e)

T, sp

, ha

50, 5

4, 2

49, 2

52Co

elopa

frig

ida

(Fab

riciu

s, 18

05) [

C. ex

imia

, Fuc

omyi

a]46

, 47

(h)

T, sp

, ha

46, 5

0, 2

49, 2

52H

elco

myz

idae

Helc

omyz

a m

edite

rran

ea (L

oew,

185

4)46

(see

)T,

sp, h

a, p

s48

, 53,

249

Teth

inid

aeTe

thin

a al

bose

tulo

sa (S

trob

l, 19

00) [

T. g

rise

ola]

46, 4

7(w

pat)

T, l-

sp, h

a46

, 52,

62,

249

Teth

ina

czer

nyi (

Hen

del,

1934

)46

, 47

(mca

)T,

l-sp

, ha,

r58

, 60,

62

Teth

ina

flavi

geni

s (H

ende

l, 19

34)

47, 6

1, 6

2, 7

6(a

m)

T, l-

sp, h

a, r

46, 5

8, 6

2

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 121

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Teth

ina

grise

a (F

allé

n, 1

823)

[T. c

iner

ea]

46, 4

7(a

m)

T, l-

sps,

ha46

, 52,

62,

249

, 252

Teth

ina

palli

pes (

Loew

, 186

5)46

, 48,

59,

60,

73,

74

, 85

(hpt

a, ?

sk)

T, l-

sps,

ha, r

58, 6

2

Teth

ina

strob

liana

(Mer

cier

, 192

3)58

(wp)

T, l-

sp, h

a, r

58, 6

0, 6

2C

anac

idae

Cana

ce sa

loni

tana

Str

obl,

1900

45, 5

0(n

em)

M-T

L, p

h, l-

sp, l

t48

, 52,

62,

249

Spha

eroc

erid

aeTh

orac

ocha

eta

brac

hysto

ma

(Ste

nham

mar

, 185

5) [L

epto

cera

]46

, 47

(k)

T, l-

sp, h

a46

, 50,

51,

249

, 252

Ephy

drid

aeH

ecam

ede a

lbica

ns (M

eige

n, 1

830)

45, 4

6, 4

7(h

at)

T, l-

spr,

ha, l

t46

, 50,

51,

62,

249

Ephy

dra

attic

a Be

cker

, 189

641

, 44,

47,

76,

77

(dp,

? m

ca)

TL, 6

0‰, s

l-l-s

p46

, 62,

85,

249

, 283

Ephy

dra

bivi

ttata

Loe

w, 1

860

33, 4

1, 4

4, 5

9, 6

0, 6

4,

76, 7

7(h

om)

TL, l

-sp,

ha,

r49

, 62,

249

Ephy

dra

flavi

pes (

Mac

quar

t, 18

43)

33, 7

6, 7

7,(p

tm, ?

atm

)TL

, l-s

p, h

a62

Ephy

dra

mur

ina

Wirt

h, 1

975

[E. m

acell

aria

]32

, 47,

62,

64,

76,

77,

80

, 92

(cse

eit)

TL, 6

0‰, s

l-l-s

p62

, 85,

389

Ephy

dra

ripar

ia F

allé

n, 1

813

47, 5

8, 6

1, 7

7, 9

1(h

)TL

, 60-

80‰

, l46

, 62,

252

Sche

ma

acro

stica

le (B

ecke

r, 19

03)

47, 4

8, 6

1, 7

6, 7

7(w

p)TL

, ha

62Ch

loric

haet

a al

bipe

nnis

(Loe

w, 1

848)

47, 7

6, 9

1, 9

2, 9

5(p

ata)

TL, h

a62

, 63,

85

Glen

anth

e nig

ripes

Cze

rny,

1909

47, 4

8, 6

1, 7

6, 7

7(n

m)

TL, h

a, r

45, 5

0, 5

3, 5

4, 5

5,

56, 6

1, 6

2, 6

3

Poly

trich

opho

ra d

uplo

seto

sa (B

ecke

r, 18

96)

47, 4

8, 5

8-60

, 76,

91,

92

-95

(wpa

t)TL

, ha,

r62

, 63

Ant

hom

yiid

aeFu

celli

a m

ariti

ma

(Hal

iday

, 183

8)46

(ena

)T,

l-sp

, ha

46, 5

0, 5

1, 5

3,Fu

celli

a te

rgin

a (Z

ette

rste

dt, 1

845)

46(h

nata

, ? sk

)T,

l-sp

, ha

249

MO

LLU

SCA

plan

kton

larv

aePo

lypl

acop

hor

a (L

oric

ata)

Chi

toni

da (C

hito

nifo

rmes

)Le

pido

chito

nida

e (T

onic

ellid

ae, I

schn

ochi

toni

dae)

Lepi

doch

itona

capr

earu

m (S

cacc

hi, 1

836)

[L. c

orru

gata

, Chi

ton

poli,

Mid

dend

orffi

a]13

, 24

17ho

m, ?

lmM

, bt,

ep, l

t, r

91, 2

49, 3

89Le

pido

chito

na ci

nere

a (L

inna

eus,

1767

) [Ch

iton

mar

gina

tus,

Ch. v

arie

gatu

s]7,

12.

16,

21,

24

0-30

clm

M, b

t, ep

, lt,

ro84

, 91,

249

, 295

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

122 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Gas

trop

oda

Pate

lloga

stro

poda

(Arc

haeo

gast

ropo

da, D

ocog

loss

a)Pa

telli

dae

Pate

lla u

lyss

ipon

ensis

Gm

elin

, 179

1[P.

caer

ulea

pon

tica,

P. p

ontic

a, P.

tare

ntin

a]3,

11,

14,

16,

17,

50

0-10

clm

M, b

t, se

p, lt

-ro,

l-sl

, r,

■31

, 84,

91,

114

, 249

, 38

9Ve

tiga

stro

poda

(Arc

haeo

gast

ropo

da)

Phas

iane

llida

e (T

rico

liida

e)Tr

icolia

pul

lus (

Linn

aeus

, 175

8) [P

hasia

nella

pon

tica]

1-22

, 24

0-10

, 50

eam

M, b

t, ep

, ph

84, 9

1, 2

49, 3

89? T

ricol

ia te

nuis

(Mic

haud

, 182

9) [P

hasia

nella

]11

lmm

M, b

t, ep

, r91

, 389

Troc

hida

eG

ibbu

la a

dria

tica

(Phi

lippi

, 184

4) [G

. eux

inica

, G. d

ever

sa, T

roch

us]

4, 2

4-3

0, 5

0lm

M, b

t, ep

, ro,

mc,

ph

67, 3

89G

ibbu

la a

lbid

a (G

mel

in, 1

791)

[G. a

. var

. pon

tica,

? Tr

ochu

s fer

mon

ii]24

0-15

, 40

lmM

, bt,

ep, r

o, m

c, p

h24

9G

ibbu

la d

ivar

icata

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58) [

Troc

hus]

1-22

, 24

0-10

, 50

lmM

, bt,

sep,

ro, l

t, ph

84, 9

1, 2

49, 3

89C

yclo

nerit

imor

pha

(Arc

haeo

gast

ropo

da)

Ner

itida

eTh

eodo

xus d

anub

ialis

(C. P

feiff

er, 1

828)

[Ner

itina

]*6

9(s

eepc

)L,

bt,

12‰

, lt,

pe84

, 389

Theo

doxu

s eux

inus

(Cle

ssin

, 188

7) [N

eriti

na]

96-1

0Ep

, Rc,

Sf,

+M

-B, b

t, 5‰

,6,

126

Theo

doxu

s fluv

iatil

is (L

inna

eus,

1758

) [N

eriti

na]

58-6

0, *

68, *

69, 7

1,

*78,

*79

, 84,

*86

, 88,

92

, 94,

95,

96

(e)

L-B

, bt,

eh, 2

0‰, l

t84

, 305

, 374

, 389

Theo

doxu

s pal

lasi

Lind

chol

m, 1

924

[Ner

itina

]*6

94-

10pc

, Rc,

Sf,

+M

-B, e

h-14

‰, r

o,

EX, ▲

113,

164

Theo

doxu

s pili

dei (

Tour

noue

r, 18

79) [

Ner

itina

]28

65-

pc, R

c, S

f, +

M-B

, bt,

phs

249

Ecto

bran

chia

(Het

eros

trop

ha, M

esog

astr

opod

a)Va

lvat

idae

Valv

ata

crist

ata

O. F

. Mül

ler,

1774

*68,

*69

(wes

)L,

0.5

‰, b

t, ph

, s, r

, ♦11

8, 3

05, 3

74, 3

89

Valv

ata

pisc

inal

is (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

74) [

V. p

ulch

ella]

*68,

*69

3-10

, 80

(wcp

, i -

h)L,

0.4

‰, b

t, sw

, ph,

pe

, x, ♦

84, 1

18, 3

05, 3

89

Sorb

eoco

ncha

(Neo

taen

iogl

ossa

, Mes

ogas

trop

oda)

Cer

ithiid

aeBi

ttium

retic

ulat

um (d

a C

osta

, 177

8) [C

erith

iolu

m, C

erith

ium

exile

]7-

22, 2

6, 2

7, 2

8, 6

92-

14-1

11cl

mm

M, b

t, eb

, ps,

ps-s

, pe

66, 8

4, 2

49, 3

89Bi

ttium

subm

amill

atum

(de

Reyn

eval

et P

onzi

, 185

4) [C

erith

idiu

m, C

. pus

illum

]3,

26,

27,

28

20-1

40lm

M, b

t, eb

, ps-

s, pe

67, 3

89

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 123

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Cerit

hium

vul

gatu

m B

rugu

ière

, 179

2 [C

. v. p

ontic

um, C

. pon

ticum

]11

, 13,

16

-15,

25

lmM

, bt,

ep91

, 249

, 389

Hyp

soga

stro

poda

(Neo

taen

iogl

ossa

, Mes

o-, N

eoga

stro

poda

)C

aeci

dae

Caec

um a

rmor

icum

de

Folin

, 186

9 [C

. ten

ue, B

roch

ina]

715

-30

lmm

M, b

t, ep

166,

249

, 252

Caec

um tr

ache

a (M

onta

gu, 1

803)

[C. e

legan

s, C.

rugu

losu

m]

75-

15, 5

0lm

M, b

t, ep

166,

167

, 249

, 352

Cal

yptr

aeid

aeCa

lypt

raea

chin

ensis

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

7, 1

1, 1

3, 1

5, 1

640

, 70

eam

M, b

t, m

b84

, 91,

249

, 389

Cer

ithio

psid

aeCe

rithi

opsis

min

ima

(Bru

sina,

186

5)84

-30

lmm

M, b

t, ep

, zc

404,

405

Cerit

hiop

sis tu

berc

ular

is (M

onta

gu, 1

803)

6, 7

, 8, 2

6, 2

7, 2

814

-111

eam

swi

M, b

t, eb

, pe

67, 2

49, 3

89C

imid

ae (A

clid

idae

)G

raph

is al

bida

(Kan

mac

her,

1798

)84

0-50

clm

mM

, bt,

ep40

4Ep

itoni

idae

Epito

nium

turt

onis

(Tur

ton,

181

9) [S

cala

ria co

mm

unis,

S. t

enui

costa

ta]

713

-36,

60

clm

M, b

t, m

b84

, 249

, 389

? Epi

toni

um cl

athr

us (L

inna

eus,

1758

) [Sc

alar

ia co

mm

unis]

7cl

m, c

eM

, bt,

mb

84, 3

89Eu

limid

aeVi

treol

ina

incu

rva

(Buc

quoy

, Dau

tzen

berg

et D

ollfu

s, 18

83) [

Eulim

a]3,

26,

27,

28

15-1

00cl

mM

, bt,

eb, p

e67

, 249

, 389

Hyd

robi

idae

Hyd

robi

a ac

uta

(Dra

parn

aud,

180

5) [H

. ven

trosa

]7,

23,

24,

43,

*66

, *68

, *6

9, *

78, *

79, *

860-

22lm

, ? h

mB

-M, e

h-60

‰, b

t, ep

, sw

, ph,

ro, p

e, ♦

84, 1

18, 2

49, 3

05,

374,

389

? Hyd

robi

a ul

vae (

Penn

ant,

1777

)76

clm

mM

-B, b

t, eh

119,

396

Vent

rosia

ven

trosa

(Mon

tagu

, 180

3) [H

ydro

bia,

H. a

cuta

]13

, 26-

28, *

66, *

69,

76, 7

7-*7

9, *

86, 9

60-

111,

20

clm

B, b

t, eh

, mb,

ro, p

h,

zc, p

e16

6, 2

49, 3

74, 3

89

Hau

ffeni

a lu

cidul

a A

ngel

ov, 1

967

[Hor

atia

]53

(El)

L, 1

‰, b

t, cr

, ▲, ♦

6, 1

18Li

thog

lyph

us n

atico

ides

(C. P

feiff

er, 1

828)

*69

12(s

eep,

Rc)

L, 3

‰, b

t, lt,

po,

♦84

, 118

, 249

, 389

Lith

ogly

phus

fusc

us (C

. Pfe

iffer

, 182

8) [?

L. p

yram

idat

us v.

Mol

lend

orf,

1873

]*6

9(E

b)L,

bt,

lt, rh

, r84

, 389

Pota

mop

yrgu

s ant

ipod

arum

(J. E

. Gra

y, 18

43) [

P. je

nkin

si]?

96(n

z, sk

, i)

B-L

, 17‰

, po-

sw,

eu, i

s11

8, 2

04

Bith

yniid

ae? B

ithyn

ia le

achi

i (Sh

eppa

rd, 1

823)

[? B

. tra

nssil

vani

ca (B

ielz

, 185

3)]

*68

3(w

p, ?

e, w

es)

L, b

t, 0.

5‰, p

h37

4, 3

89Bi

thyn

ia te

ntac

ulat

a (L

inna

eus,

1758

)60

, *68

, *69

5(w

p, ?

h -

i)L,

bt,

ph, r

o, s,

ps,

♦84

, 118

, 305

, 389

Pyrg

ulid

ae (M

icro

mel

aniid

ae)

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

124 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Turr

icasp

ia li

ncta

(Mila

sche

witc

h, 1

908)

[Micr

omela

nia,

Pyr

gula

]26

, 28,

*68

, *79

24-1

48pc

, Rc,

Sf,

+M

-B, 8

‰, b

t, s,

sw, ♦

113,

166

, 249

Litto

rini

dae

Mela

rhap

he n

erito

ides

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58) [

Litto

rina]

2-22

, 45

clm

mM

, bt,

lr-sp

r, lt

34, 8

4, 2

49, 3

89R

isso

idae

Alva

nia

lact

ea (M

icha

ud, 1

832)

[Mas

sotia

, Riss

oa]

3, 7

, 24

clm

M, b

t, ep

, ph

84, 2

82, 3

89Ri

ssoa

mem

bran

acea

(J. A

dam

s,180

0) [R

. obl

onga

, R. p

ontic

a, R

. ven

usta

]1-

13, 2

3, 2

4-1

0cl

mM

, bt,

ep, p

h, z

c84

, 91,

249

, 282

Riss

oa p

arva

(da

Cos

ta, 1

778)

[R. e

uxin

ica]

3, 1

3, 2

4-2

0, 8

0cl

mM

, bt,

ep-m

b, p

h24

9, 2

82, 3

89Ri

ssoa

splen

dida

Eic

hwal

d, 1

830

7-22

, 23,

24

-12

m, h

omM

, bt,

sep,

zc,

ph,

ro84

, 91,

249

, 389

Pusil

lina

lineo

lata

(Mic

haud

, 183

2) [R

issoa

, ? R

. mem

bran

acea

]7,

16,

17,

24,

*69

-47

lmM

, bt,

mb,

ph,

pe

374,

389

Setia

pul

cher

rima

(Jeff

reys

, 184

8) [S

. tur

ricul

ata]

17, 1

9, 2

4, 4

5lm

M, b

t, se

p, lr

404,

405

Pont

iturb

oella

rufo

strig

ata

(Hes

se, 1

916)

[Ass

imin

ea, P

alud

inell

a]*6

9●

p, E

rM

, bt

148

Torn

idae

Torn

us su

bcar

inat

us (M

onta

gu, 1

803)

[Ade

orbi

s]14

clm

M, b

t, ep

166,

249

, 392

Trip

hori

dae

Mar

shal

lora

adv

ersa

(Mon

tagu

, 180

3) [T

rifor

a ob

esul

a, T

. per

vers

a va

r. pa

rva]

16, 1

7, 1

9-1

5, 8

0cl

m, ?

eam

M, b

t, m

b, p

hc40

5M

uric

idae

Rapa

na v

enos

a (V

alen

cien

nes,

1846

) [R.

bez

oar,

R. th

omas

iana

]1-

22, 2

4, 2

5, 6

9, 7

6-7

0j,

amin

p, i

M, b

t, m

b-eb

, eu,

is16

5, 2

49, 3

92Tr

opho

nops

is m

urica

tus (

Mon

tagu

, 180

3) [T

. bre

viat

us, T

roph

on]

3, 2

1, 2

2, 2

7, 2

836

-138

clm

M, b

t, sh

b, p

hs67

, 249

, 389

, 410

Bucc

inid

aeN

eptu

nea

arth

ritica

(Val

enci

enne

s, 18

58)

25, 2

6, 4

9j,

pnep

, iM

, bt ,

r35

5N

assa

riid

aeCy

clope

ner

itea

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58) [

Cyclo

nass

a ka

misc

hien

sis, N

assa

bru

sinai

]1-

22, *

69-5

4lm

M, b

t, m

b, p

s-pe

67, 8

4, 9

1, 2

49, 3

89

Nas

sariu

s ret

icula

tus (

Linn

aeus

, 175

8) [N

. niti

dus,

Nas

sa]

1-22

, 25,

36-

40, *

69,

76-6

0cl

mm

M, b

t, m

b, p

s, ps

-pe

84, 9

1, 2

49, 3

74

Con

idae

Bela

neb

ula

(Mon

tagu

, 180

3) [C

ytha

ra fu

scat

a, M

ange

lia, R

aphi

tona

]7,

*69

-20

clm

M, b

t, ep

91, 2

49, 3

89M

ange

lia co

stata

(Pen

nant

, 177

7) [M

. pon

tica,

M. t

aeni

ata,

Cyt

hara

]7,

*69

-50

clm

M, b

t, m

b84

, 249

, 389

Het

eros

trop

haO

mal

ogyr

idae

Om

alog

yra

atom

us (P

hilip

pi, 1

841)

[Hom

alog

yra,

Tru

ncat

ella]

17, 8

4aa

mM

, bt,

ep40

5Am

mon

icera

fisc

heria

na (M

onte

rosa

to, 1

869)

[Hom

alog

yra]

17, 8

4lm

, ? lm

mM

, bt,

mb

405

Pyra

mid

ellid

ae (E

balid

ae, T

urbo

nilli

dae,

Mur

chiso

nelli

dae)

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 125

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Chry

salli

da em

acia

ta (B

rusin

a, 1

866)

[Par

then

ina,

Tur

boni

lla]

17, 1

9, 8

4lm

M, b

t, ep

405

Chry

salli

da in

cert

a (M

ilasc

hew

itsh,

191

6) [C

h. b

rusin

ai, O

dosto

mia

, Par

then

ia]

17, 1

9, 6

9, 8

4-1

8m

, ? lm

mg

M, b

t, ep

405

Chry

salli

da in

ters

tinct

a (J.

Ada

ms,

1797

) [Ch

. obt

usa,

Par

then

ina

tenu

istria

ta]

12, 1

7, 1

9, 6

9, 8

46-

80cl

mm

M, b

t, m

b16

4, 4

05Ch

rysa

llida

tere

bellu

m (P

hilip

pi, 1

844)

[Par

then

ina

costu

lata

, Odo

stom

ia]

7, 6

9-1

0, 4

2lm

M, b

t, ep

, pe

166,

167

, 249

, 392

Eulim

ella

acicu

la (P

hilip

pi, 1

836)

[E. l

aevi

s, Be

loni

dium

, Odo

stom

ia]

17, 8

4-1

8, -

47cl

mM

, bt,

ep, r

405

Ebal

a po

inte

li (d

e Fo

lin, 1

868)

[Ani

socy

cla, E

ulim

ella,

Tur

boni

lla]

7, 6

9-2

0lm

, ? lm

mM

, bt,

ep, p

s, s

166,

167

Odo

stom

ia er

jave

ciana

Bru

sina,

186

9 [O

. nite

ns]

11, 1

7, 1

9, 8

4lm

M, b

t, ep

405

Odo

stom

ia eu

limoi

des H

anle

y, 18

44 [O

. nov

egra

dens

is, O

. pal

lida]

7, 1

6, 1

7, 1

9, 8

4-7

0cl

mM

, bt,

mb

405

Odo

stom

ia p

licat

a (M

onta

gu, 1

803)

16, 1

7, 1

9, 8

4-2

0cl

mM

, bt,

ep40

5O

dosto

mia

scal

aris

Mac

Gill

ivra

y, 18

43 [O

. alb

ella,

O. r

issoi

form

is]1-

22-1

5, 5

0cl

mM

, bt,

mb

166,

178

, 249

Noe

mia

mea

dol

iolif

orm

is (J

effre

ys, 1

848)

[Odo

stom

ia]

17, 8

4lm

M, b

t, ep

, r40

5Tu

rbon

illa

delic

ata

Mon

tero

sato

, 187

4 [O

dosto

mia

]7

-35

clm

M, b

t, ep

-mb

166,

249

, 392

Turb

onill

a pu

silla

(Phi

lippi

, 184

4) [T

. eleg

antis

sima,

T. p

upae

form

is]16

, 17,

84

kclm

M, b

t, ep

, r40

5C

epha

lasp

idea

Ret

usid

aeCy

lichn

ina

umbi

licat

a (M

onta

gu, 1

803)

[C. s

trig

ella,

C. v

aria

bilis

, Ret

usa]

7, 1

1, 1

3, 1

6, 6

9-5

0cl

mM

, bt,

mb,

s, sg

91, 2

49, 3

89? C

ylich

nina

roba

glia

na (F

ische

r, 18

69) [

C. o

void

es, B

ulla

, Ret

usa]

7-4

0lm

M, b

t, m

b84

, 249

, 389

Retu

sa tr

unca

tula

(Bru

guiè

re, 1

792)

[R. t

. opi

ma,

Bul

la, C

ylich

na]

7, 1

3, 1

7, 2

4, 2

6, 2

7,

28, *

690-

140

eam

M, b

t, eb

, pe,

ph,

mc

84, 2

49, 3

89

Saco

glos

saSt

ilige

rida

e (H

erm

aeid

ae)

Calli

opae

a be

llula

(Orb

igny

, 183

7) [S

tilig

er]

7, 2

4, 3

4, *

69cl

mM

, bt,

ep, s

lc24

9, 3

74, 3

89, 3

92Li

map

ontii

dae

(Stil

iger

idae

)Li

map

ontia

capi

tata

(O. F

. Mül

ler,

1774

)7,

24

clm

, ce

M, b

t, ep

, slc

249,

392

Aco

chli

diid

aM

icro

hedy

lidae

(Par

hedy

lidae

)Pa

rahe

dyle

tyrt

owii

(Kow

alew

sky,

1901

) [M

icroh

edyl

e, H

edyl

e]7,

11,

16,

25

mM

, bt,

ep, p

s24

9, 3

92N

udib

ranc

hia

Pseu

dove

rmid

aePs

eudo

verm

is pa

rado

xus P

erej

asla

wtz

eva,

189

07,

11,

25

lmM

, bt,

ep, p

s24

9, 3

92Te

rgip

edid

ae

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

126 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Embl

eton

ia p

ulch

ra (A

lder

et H

anco

ck, 1

844)

[Aeo

lis, E

olis,

Pte

roch

ilus]

23, 2

4, *

69, *

79-4

0cl

mM

, bt,

mb,

slc,

zc

249,

374

, 386

, 389

Cor

ambi

dae

Cora

mbe

obs

cura

(Ver

rill,

1870

) [D

orid

ella]

7, 1

3-5

vck,

iM

, bt,

ep32

8D

orid

idae

Dor

is oc

ellig

era

(Ber

gh, 1

881)

7lm

M, b

t35

8Eu

pulm

onat

aEl

lobi

idae

Myo

sote

lla m

yoso

tis (D

rapa

rnau

d, 1

801)

[Alex

ia, A

uricu

la, O

vtell

a]4,

45

amp

M-T

L, sp

r, r

166,

249

Baso

mm

atop

hora

Acr

olox

idae

Acro

loxu

s lac

ustr

is (L

inna

eus,

1758

)58

, 59,

60,

80

(wes

, ? h

oes)

L, b

t, ph

, sw,

♦20

6, 2

18, 2

59Ly

mna

eida

eLy

mna

ea st

agna

lis (L

inna

eus,

1758

)*6

80-

4(h

)L,

7‰

, bt,

ph, p

e, ♦

118,

305

, 389

Stag

nico

la co

rvus

(Gm

elin

, 179

1) [S

. pal

ustr

is va

r. co

rvus

, Lym

naea

, Gal

ba]

58, *

68, *

690-

50(h

op, ?

e)

L, b

t, sw

, ph,

♦11

8, 2

06, 3

05, 3

89Ra

dix

auric

ular

ia (L

inna

eus,

1758

) [Ly

mna

ea]

58, *

68, *

69, 7

10.

2-25

(h, ?

hop

)L,

6‰

, bt,

ph, r

h, s,

♦84

, 118

, 374

, 389

Radi

x ba

lthica

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58) [

R. o

vata

, Lym

naea

]59

, 60,

80,

96

(hop

)L,

3-1

0‰, b

t, ph

, eu,

♦20

6, 2

18G

alba

trun

catu

la (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

74) [

Lym

naea

]*6

8, *

69-6

(h)

L, b

t, eu

, pe,

ph,

ar

305,

389

Plan

orbi

dae

Ferr

issia

frag

ilis (

Tryo

n, 1

862)

[F. w

autie

ri, F

. cles

sinia

na]

68, 8

30-

8(h

, sk,

i)L,

bt,

eu, t

h, p

h, r,

is, ♦

6, 1

18Pl

anor

bis c

arin

atus

O. F

. Mül

ler,

1774

77-1

0, -1

8(w

es, ?

h)

L, b

t, sw

, ph,

pe,

r, ♦

257,

258

Plan

orbi

s pla

norb

is (L

inna

eus,

1758

) [Tr

opid

iscus

um

bilic

atus

]7,

58,

59,

*68

, *69

, 70

, 71,

77

(h)

L, b

t, 2‰

, sw,

ph,

pe

, ♦6,

84,

258

, 389

Anisu

s sep

tem

gyra

tus (

Ross

mae

ssle

r, 18

35) [

Para

spira

]*6

8, *

69, 7

1(w

es, ?

e)

L, 8

‰, s

w, p

h, α

-β, r

, ♦6,

305

, 389

Anisu

s vor

tex

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

[Pla

norb

is, S

pira

lina]

*68

(wce

s)L,

bt,

8‰, p

h, α

-β, r

, ♦6,

374

, 389

Anisu

s vor

ticul

us (T

rosc

hel,

1834

)60

, 83

(wce

s, ?

wes

)L,

bt,

pe, p

h, rh

, sw,

r,

♦, H

D6,

118

Gyr

aulu

s cri

sta (L

inna

eus,

1758

) [Ar

mig

er, P

lano

rbis]

*68

(h)

L, 1

.5‰

, eu,

ph,

α-β

, ♦6,

118

, 374

, 389

Hip

peut

is co

mpl

anat

us (L

inna

eus,

1758

) [Se

gmen

tina]

59, 6

0(w

ces,

? w

cp)

L, b

t, ph

, s-a

r, sw

, α,

r, ♦

6, 1

18

Segm

entin

a ni

tida

(O. F

. Mül

ler,

1774

)*6

8, *

69, 8

3(w

cp)

L, b

t, sw

, ph,

α-β

, ♦

6, 1

18, 3

05, 3

89Pl

anor

bariu

s cor

neus

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58) [

Core

tus c

orne

us v

ar. a

mm

onoc

eras

]*6

8, *

69, 7

1, 7

7-9

(wce

s)L,

5‰

, sw,

po,

α-β

, ♦6,

305

, 389

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 127

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Phys

idae

Phys

ella

acut

a (D

rapa

rnau

d, 1

805)

58, 7

5, 7

6, 7

7, 8

7, 9

0(n

a, sk

, i)

L, b

t, eu

, pe,

ph,

po,

sw

, tx,

α-β

, is,

♦6,

118

, 257

, 259

Phys

a fo

ntin

alis

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

*68,

*69

(tp, ?

h)

L, b

t, sw

, po,

cr,

ph,

ps-p

e, β

, r, ♦

6, 8

4, 3

89

Biva

lvia

Arc

oida

Noe

tiida

eSt

riarc

a la

ctea

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58) [

Arca

, Arc

opsis

, Gal

acte

lla]

7, 1

6, 2

4-2

0ea

mi,

+M

, bt,

ep, l

t, r

84, 3

89A

rcid

ae

Anad

ara

kago

shim

ensis

(Tok

unag

a, 1

906)

[A. i

naeq

uiva

lvis,

Cun

earc

a, S

caph

arca

]3,

6, 7

, 12,

13,

25,

26

, 69

-25,

-40

miw

p, i

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

s, sg

, is

183,

249

, 255

, 288

Myt

iloi

daM

ytili

dae

Myt

ilaste

r lin

eatu

s (G

mel

in, 1

791)

[M. l

. pon

tica,

M. m

inim

us, M

. mon

tero

sato

i]1-

22, 2

4, 6

8, 6

90-

30, 5

0lm

M, b

t, 5‰

, sep

, lt-s

lc61

, 84,

91,

249

, 295

Myt

ilus g

allo

prov

incia

lis L

amar

ck, 1

819

[M. e

dulis

var

. gal

lopr

ovin

cialis

]1-

22, 2

4, 2

7, 6

8, 6

9, 7

60-

80ea

mp

M, b

t, eb

, lt,

s, s-

ps84

, 91,

389

Gib

bom

odio

la a

dria

tica

(Lam

arck

, 181

9) [M

odio

la, M

odio

lus]

7, 1

1, 1

3, 1

6, 2

5, 2

620

-36,

75

lm, ?

clm

M, b

t, m

b, p

e, s-

ps91

, 249

, 389

Mod

iolu

la p

hase

olin

a (P

hilip

pi, 1

844)

[Mod

iola

, Mod

iolu

s]1-

22, 2

830

-140

clm

mM

, bt,

shb,

pe,

phs

249,

389

, 410

Ost

reoi

daPe

ctin

idae

Flex

opec

ten

glab

er (L

inna

eus,

1758

) [Ch

lam

ys, P

ecte

n gl

aber

var

. pon

tica]

1-22

, 25

3-40

, 70

lmM

, bt,

sep,

ps,

ps-s

84, 9

1, 2

49, 3

89? P

ecte

n ja

coba

eus (

Linn

aeus

, 175

8)?

7lm

mg

M, b

t84

, 389

? Pec

ten

max

imus

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

? 11

eam

, ? c

lmM

, bt

84, 3

89A

nom

iidae

Anom

ia ep

hipp

ium

Lin

naeu

s, 17

587

-30

ami

M, b

t, ep

, ro

84, 3

89O

stre

idae

Ostr

ea ed

ulis

Linn

aeus

, 175

8 [O

. lam

ellos

a, O

. sub

lam

ellos

a, O

. tau

rica

]3,

5, 7

, 12,

16,

17,

24

7-23

, 65

anam

nep,

iM

, bt,

sep,

ro, ■

67, 8

4, 9

1, 1

14, 2

49U

nion

oida

Uni

onid

aeU

nio

pict

orum

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58) [

U. p

. gau

dion

i, U.

gem

tilis]

*68,

*69

, 92

-11

(e, ?

ena

)L,

bt,

2‰, p

e-ar

-ps,

β6,

84,

305

, 374

, 389

Uni

o tu

mid

us R

etzi

us, 1

788

*69

-9(e

, ? w

es)

L, b

t, pe

-ar,

β6,

84,

389

Anod

onta

cygn

ea (L

inna

eus,

1758

) [A

. c. p

iscin

alis,

A. p

iscin

alis]

*68,

92

-17

(e)

L, b

t, 2‰

, pe-

ps, β

6, 8

4, 3

74, 3

89

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

128 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Pseu

dano

dont

a co

mpl

anat

a (R

ossm

aess

ler,

1835

) [An

odon

ta]

92-9

(e)

L, b

t, ps

-pe,

β6

Vene

roid

aLu

cini

dae

Lucin

ella

diva

ricat

a (L

inna

eus,

1758

) [D

ivar

icella

, Luc

ina

com

mut

ata,

Tell

ina]

1-22

, 25,

26,

69

-30

clm

, ? lm

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

ps-s

84, 2

49, 3

89Lo

ripes

lact

eus (

Linn

aeus

, 175

8; P

oli,

1791

) [L.

lucin

alis,

Luc

ina

leuco

ma,

Tell

ina]

3, 7

, 11,

16,

17,

20,

25

-25

lmm

, ? c

lmm

M, b

t, se

p, p

s, zc

67, 8

4, 2

49, 3

89Le

pton

idae

Hem

ilept

on n

itidu

m (T

urto

n, 1

822)

[Kell

ia co

mpr

essa

, Ery

cina,

Lep

ton]

25, *

69, 8

40-

25, 3

4cl

mM

, bt,

ps, e

p-m

b16

4, 4

03? K

ellia

subo

rbicu

lari

s (M

onta

gu, 1

803)

[? H

emile

pton

niti

dum

]69

2na

mne

pM

, bt,

eb, p

s35

6M

onta

cutid

aeKu

rtie

lla b

iden

tata

(Mon

tagu

, 180

3) [M

ysell

a]16

, 17

-50

eam

M, b

t, sg

, ro

403

Car

diid

ae

Acan

thoc

ardi

a pa

ucico

stata

(G. B

. Sow

erby

, 183

4) [C

ardi

um p

. var

. im

pedi

ta]

3, 7

, 13,

16,

17,

25-

27,

6915

-100

lmM

, bt,

mb-

eb, p

e, sg

67, 8

4, 9

1, 2

49, 3

89

Cera

stode

rma

glau

cum

(Poi

ret,

1789

) [Ca

rdiu

m ed

ule,

C. cl

odie

nse,

C. la

mar

cki]

1-22

, 25,

26,

27,

68,

*6

9, 7

6, 7

7, *

78-8

0cl

mM

, bt,

eh-3

.9‰

, eb,

ps

, ps-

s, pe

84, 9

1,24

9, 2

95, 3

74,

389

Parv

icard

ium

exig

uum

(Gm

elin

, 179

1) [C

ardi

um]

3, 7

, 13,

16,

25,

27,

69

10-1

20cl

mM

, bt,

eb, p

s, ps

-s, p

e67

, 84,

91,

249

, 389

Papi

llica

rdiu

m p

apill

osum

(Pol

i, 17

91) [

Card

ium

fasc

iatu

m, C

. sim

ile]

3, 7

, 17,

25,

27,

28

-30,

100

lmM

, bt,

eb, p

e, p

e-ps

67, 8

4, 2

49, 3

89M

onod

acna

colo

rata

(Eic

hwal

d, 1

829)

[Did

acna

, Hyp

anis]

3, 7

, 25,

26,

27,

28

13, -

148

pc, R

c, S

f, +

M-B

, bt,

ps-p

e, s,

ep

66, 6

8, 2

49, 3

89H

ypan

is pl

icatu

m (E

ichw

ald,

182

9) [A

dacn

a re

licta

, H. p

. reli

cta]

3, 2

7, 2

835

-90

pc, R

c, S

f, +

M-B

, bt,

pe, a

r, s-

ps68

, 172

, 249

, 389

Mac

trid

aeSp

isula

subt

runc

ata

(da

Cos

ta, 1

778)

[Mac

tra s.

tria

ngul

a, M

. tria

ngul

a]1-

22,

25-2

8, 6

95-

140

clm

mM

, bt,

eb, p

e, p

s-s,

sg67

, 84,

249

, 389

Mes

odes

mat

idae

Don

acill

a co

rnea

(Pol

i, 17

95) [

Mes

odes

ma]

1-22

, 51

0.2,

-2lm

M, b

t, se

p, p

s, ■

114,

166

, 249

, 389

Sole

nida

eSo

len m

argi

natu

s Pul

tene

y, 17

99 [S

. vag

ina]

1-22

, 25

0-10

clm

mM

, bt,

sep,

ps,

■84

, 91,

114

, 249

Telli

nida

eG

astra

na fr

agili

s (Li

nnae

us, 1

758)

[Psa

mm

obia

, Tell

ina]

1-22

, 25

-36

clm

M, b

t, ep

, ar,

ar-p

s, sg

84, 2

49, 3

89Te

llina

don

acin

a Li

nnae

us, 1

758

[Ang

ulus

, Moe

rella

]1-

22, 2

5, 2

6-2

0, 3

0cl

mm

M, b

t, se

p, p

s-pe

84, 9

1, 2

49, 3

89Te

llina

fabu

la G

mel

in, 1

791

[Ang

ulus

, Fab

ulin

a, M

oere

lla]

7, 2

5-1

0, 4

0cl

mM

, bt,

ep, p

s, ps

-s84

, 249

, 389

Telli

na te

nuis

da C

osta

, 177

8 [T

. exi

gua,

Ang

ulus

exig

uus,

Moe

rella

]1-

22, 2

5, 2

6, 7

7, *

790.

2-24

clm

M, b

t, se

p, p

s, ps

-s84

, 91,

249

, 389

Don

acid

aeD

onax

trun

culu

s Lin

naeu

s, 17

58 [D

. t. j

ulia

nae,

D. j

ulia

nae]

1-22

, 25

2-15

clm

M, b

t, se

p, p

s84

, 91,

249

, 295

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 129

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Don

ax se

mist

riatu

s Pol

i, 17

95 [D

. fab

agell

a, D

. ven

ustu

s]16

, 25

10-1

5, 2

0lm

M, b

t, ep

, ps

84, 2

49, 3

89Se

mel

idae

Abra

alb

a (W

. Woo

d, 1

802)

[A. a

. pon

tica,

Syn

desm

ya]

1-22

, 26,

27,

28,

69

-135

, 170

clm

mM

, bt,

eb, p

e, p

hs84

, 249

, 389

Abra

pri

smat

ica (M

onta

gu, 1

808)

[A. f

ragi

lis, A

. mila

sche

vich

i, A

. niti

da]

1-22

, 26,

27,

69

5-90

clm

, ? c

lmm

M, b

t, eb

, pe,

s-ps

67, 8

4, 2

49, 3

89

Abra

segm

entu

m (R

éclu

z, 18

43) [

A. o

vata

, Syn

desm

ya]

7, 1

3, 2

3, 2

6, *

66, 6

8,

*69,

76,

77,

*79

, 85,

*8

6-1

5, 4

0m

lM

, bt,

eh-6

-60‰

, ep,

et

, pe,

ps-

s84

, 91,

249

, 374

, 389

Dre

isse

nida

e

Dre

issen

a po

lym

orph

a (P

alla

s, 17

71) [

D. (

Dre

issen

a) p

olym

orph

a po

lym

orph

a]58

, 59,

60,

*68

, *69

, 71

, 76,

92,

96

-20

(h -

i), R

cB

-L, b

t, eh

, is

84, 9

1, 1

52, 2

49,

305,

374

, 375

, 389

Dre

issen

a ro

strifo

rmis

(Des

haye

s, 18

38) [

D. (

Pont

odre

issen

a) r.

dist

inct

a]1-

22, 2

7, 2

850

-200

pc, R

c, S

f, +

B, b

t, m

b-eb

166,

172

, 178

, 249

Pisi

diid

aeSp

haer

ium

corn

eum

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

*67

(h)

L, b

t, 5‰

, sw,

ph,

s6,

305

, 389

Mus

culiu

m la

custr

e (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

74)

42, 4

3, *

67, 9

2(tp

)L,

bt,

3‰, s

w, p

h, s

4, 6

, 305

, 389

Vene

rida

eG

ould

ia m

inim

a (M

onta

gu, 1

803)

[Circ

e, Ve

nus]

5, 1

6, 2

5, 2

6, 2

7-2

5, 7

0cl

mM

, bt,

eb, p

s-pe

, mc

67, 9

1, 2

49, 3

89

Pita

r rud

is (P

oli,

1795

) [M

eret

rix r.

var

. och

ropi

cta,

Cyt

here

a, V

enus

och

ropi

cta]

3, 7

, 13,

16,

17,

25,

26

, 27

-40,

200

lmm

gM

, bt,

mb,

ps-

pe, s

g67

, 84,

91,

249

, 389

Irus

irus

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58) [

Vene

rupi

s]3,

7, 2

40-

10ea

mis

wp

M, b

t, se

p, lt

, slr

67, 8

4, 2

49, 3

89Ch

amele

a ga

llina

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58) [

Chio

ne ga

llina

corr

ugat

a, V

enus

]1-

22, 2

5, 6

9-3

0, 9

0cl

m, c

eM

, bt,

mb,

ps,

s-ps

, sg

84, 9

1, 2

49, 3

89Po

litita

pes a

ureu

s (G

mel

in, 1

791)

[P. p

etal

ina,

T. r

ugat

a, T

. disc

repa

ns, T

. lin

eatu

s]1-

22, 2

5, 2

6, 2

72-

65cl

mM

, bt,

mb,

ps-

pe, s

67, 8

4, 9

1, 2

49, 3

89Pe

tric

olid

aePe

trico

la li

thop

haga

(Phi

lipps

on, 1

788)

7, 1

1, 1

2, 1

3, 2

4-1

0, 2

6lm

iM

, bt,

sep,

lt84

, 91,

249

, 389

Myo

ida

Myi

dae

Mya

are

naria

Lin

naeu

s, 17

58 [M

. tru

ncat

a]1-

22, 2

5, 2

6, 6

8, 6

90.

30-1

2cb

m, i

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

ps-s

, is

175,

249

, 252

, 253

Cor

bulid

aeLe

ntid

ium

med

iterr

aneu

m (O

. G. C

osta

, 182

9) [C

orbu

lom

ya m

aeot

ica, C

orbu

la]

7, 2

5, 6

92-

20m

, ? lm

M, b

t, se

p, p

s, ps

-s84

, 249

, 389

Phol

adid

aePh

olas

dac

tylu

s Lin

naeu

s, 17

585,

7, 1

0, 1

1, 1

2, 1

3, 2

4-1

5ea

mrs

, am

rsM

, bt,

sep,

lt, B

A, B

C84

, 91,

249

, 389

Barn

ea ca

ndid

a (L

inna

eus,

1758

) [Ph

olas

]7,

24

-15

nam

nei,

ami

M, b

t, ep

, lt,

eh84

, 249

, 389

Tere

dini

dae

130 Zdravko Hubenov

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Tere

do n

aval

is Li

nnae

us, 1

758

1-22

, 69

-70

amip

, K, i

M, b

t, ep

-me,

c, i

s84

, 91,

249

, 374

,N

otot

ered

o no

rvag

ica (S

peng

ler,

1792

) [Te

redo

utr

iculu

s]10

, 17

-70

bam

M, b

t, ep

-me

75, 2

52A

nom

alod

esm

ata

(Pho

lado

myo

ida) Th

raci

idae

Thra

cia p

apyr

acea

(Pol

i, 17

91)

7, 2

50.

2-22

clm

, ? n

amM

, bt,

ep, p

s, ps

-pe

84, 2

49, 3

89BR

yOZO

Apl

ankt

on la

rvae

Gym

nola

emat

aC

heil

osto

mat

ida

Mem

bran

ipor

idae

Mem

bran

ipor

a te

nuis

Des

or, 1

848

7, *

69na

pM

, bt

84, 2

49, 3

89Co

nope

um re

ticul

um (L

inna

eus,

1767

) [M

embr

anip

ora

dent

icula

ta]

3-4

0ha

mM

, bt,

eh, m

b67

, 249

, 389

Cono

peum

seur

ati (

Can

u, 1

928)

84ne

amsw

pM

-B, b

t, eh

, 8-1

0‰14

1, 2

49, 2

52El

ectr

idae

(Mem

bran

ipor

idae

)Ei

nhor

nia

crus

tulen

ta (P

alla

s, 17

66) [

Elec

tra, M

embr

anip

ora]

*69,

96

abap

bpM

-B, b

t, eh

, 3‰

84, 2

49, 3

89El

ectra

mon

osta

chys

(Bus

k, 1

854)

130-

60ha

mM

, bt,

ro, s

g25

2, 3

30El

ectra

pilo

sa (L

inna

eus,

1767

) [M

embr

anip

ora]

710

-50

nam

swp

M, b

t, m

b84

, 249

, 389

Elec

tra p

ontic

a G

runc

haro

va, 1

980

2, 8

40.

2-0.

7●

p, E

rM

, bt,

ep14

2, 2

52Te

ndrid

ae (M

embr

anip

orid

ae)

Tend

ra zo

steric

ola

Nor

dman

n, 1

839

[Elec

tra, M

embr

anip

ora]

7, 1

1, 1

2, 1

3ad

pM

, bt

67, 9

1, 2

49, 3

89C

rypt

osul

idae

(Sm

ittin

idae

)Cr

ypto

sula

pal

lasia

na (M

oll,

1803

) [Le

pral

ia]

3, 7

, 11,

16,

*69

amp

M, b

t, ep

66, 6

7, 9

1, 2

49, 3

89Bi

tect

ipor

idae

(Sch

izop

orel

lidae

)Sc

hizo

mav

ella

linea

ris (

Has

sall,

184

1) [S

chiz

opor

ella]

710

-cl

m, b

amne

pM

, bt,

mb-

hb84

, 249

, 389

Cte

nost

omat

ida

Vesi

cula

riid

ae? B

ower

bank

ia ca

udat

a (H

inck

s, 18

77)

*69,

*79

, 84,

*86

aam

ipM

, bt,

ep, 6

‰14

1, 2

49, 3

74, 3

84Bo

wer

bank

ia g

racil

is Le

idy,

1855

[? B

. cau

data

]*6

9, *

79, 8

4, *

86-1

0am

pM

, bt,

ep, 6

‰14

1, 2

49, 3

74, 3

84Bo

wer

bank

ia im

brica

ta (A

dam

s, 17

98)

84am

pM

, bt,

eh, 1

0‰14

1, 2

49, 2

52V

icto

relli

dae

Vict

orell

a pa

vida

Sav

ille

Kent

, 187

0*6

8, 7

1, *

78, *

79, 8

4,

*86,

88,

90,

93,

94

5pc

, am

p, R

cM

, bt,

ep, e

h, 0

.4-

20‰

141,

249

, 374

, 389

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 131

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Phyl

acto

laem

ata

Plum

atel

lida

Fred

eric

ellid

aeFr

eder

icella

sulta

na (B

lum

enba

ch, 1

779)

84, 9

6(k

)L,

bt,

0-10

‰14

1, 2

49, 2

52Pl

umat

ellid

aePl

umat

ella

casm

iana

Oka

, 190

784

, 96

(hpt

n, ?

sk)

L, b

t, 3-

6‰14

1, 2

49, 2

52Pl

umat

ella

emar

gina

ta A

llman

, 184

484

, 96

(k)

L, b

t, 3-

6‰14

1, 2

49, 2

52Pl

umat

ella

fung

osa

(Pal

las,

1768

)60

, *68

, *79

, 84,

*86

, 88

(h)

L, b

t, 1‰

141,

249

, 374

, 389

Plum

atell

a re

pens

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

60, *

68, 8

4, 9

2, 9

6(k

)L,

bt,

3-6‰

141,

249

, 374

, 389

PHO

RON

IDA

Phor

onid

aePh

oron

is ps

amm

ophi

la C

ori,

1889

[Ph.

euxi

nico

la]

1-22

, 25-

28, 3

5, 5

1, 6

90-

100

amip

, ? K

M-B

, bt,

eb, p

s-pe

, s24

7, 2

49, 2

52EN

TOPR

OC

TA (C

AM

PTO

ZOA

)C

olon

iale

s (U

rnat

elli

da)

Bare

ntsi

idae

Bare

ntsia

ben

eden

i (Fo

ettin

ger,

1886

) [Ar

thro

podo

ria k

owal

ewsk

ii]*6

9, *

79, 8

4, *

86, 8

8ba

ppM

-B, b

t, 8-

16‰

249,

374

, 389

CH

AET

OG

NAT

HA

Sagi

ttoi

dea

Aph

ragm

opho

raSa

gitt

idae

Para

sagi

tta se

tosa

(Mül

ler,

1847

) [? S

agitt

a eu

xini

ca]

7, 1

1, 1

2, 1

7, 2

9, *

69ba

mM

, p, 1

2‰91

, 198

, 319

, 374

ECH

INO

DER

MAT

AH

olot

hur

oide

aD

endr

ochi

roti

daC

ucum

ariid

aeSt

ereo

derm

a ki

rchs

berg

ii (H

elle

r, 18

68) [

Cucu

mar

ia, ?

C. o

rient

alis

– n.

nud

um]

30-7

0m

, hom

, ? lm

M, b

t, hb

, pe

198,

249

Apo

dida

Syna

ptid

aeLe

ptos

ynap

ta in

haer

ens (

O. F

. Mül

ler,

1776

) [? S

ynap

ta h

ispid

a –

n. n

udum

]1-

22, 2

7, 2

860

-100

anam

npM

, bt,

hb, p

e22

3, 2

49, 3

92La

bido

plax

dig

itata

(Mon

tagu

, 181

5) [O

sterg

reni

a ad

ratic

a]-7

0ne

amal

M, b

t, eb

, ps,

pe19

8, 2

49? L

abid

opla

x th

omps

oni (

Her

apat

h, 1

865)

[Oste

rgre

nia]

-70

lmM

, bt,

eb, p

s19

8, 2

49

132 Zdravko Hubenov

Taxa

Dis

trib

utio

nEc

olog

ical

dat

aR

efer

ence

sH

oriz

onta

lD

epth

(m

)Zo

ogeo

-gr

aphi

cal

Oph

iuro

idea

Oph

iuri

daA

mph

iuri

dae

? Am

phip

holis

squa

mat

a (D

elle

Chi

aje,

1828

) [Am

phiu

ra]

11, 1

3, 2

1, 2

2K

M, b

t, eb

91, 3

89, 4

10Am

phiu

ra st

epan

ovi D

jako

nov,

1954

1-22

, 27,

28

20-1

75●

pM

, bt,

eb-h

b, p

hs19

8, 2

49C

HO

RD

ATA

Asc

idia

cea

Stol

idob

ranc

hia

Mol

gulid

aeEu

gyra

adr

iatic

a D

rasc

he,1

884

26, 2

7, 2

825

-100

m, h

omM

, bt,

hb, p

e19

8, 2

49M

olgu

la a

ppen

dicu

lata

Hel

ler,

1877

[Cte

nice

lla]

7, 2

5, 2

6, 2

7, 2

820

-120

lmM

, bt,

hb, p

e19

8, 2

49, 3

58M

olgu

la eu

proc

ta D

rasc

he, 1

884

[M. i

mpu

ra, M

. om

pura

?]5,

7, 6

9, *

79lm

M, b

t, eh

67, 8

4, 2

49, 3

74St

yelid

ae (B

otry

llida

e)

Botr

yllu

s sch

loss

eri (

Palla

s, 17

66)

1-22

, 24

0-60

nam

p, ?

SK

M, b

t, ep

-mb,

slc,

eu

84, 9

1, 2

49, 2

95,

298,

374

Ente

rogo

naA

scid

iidae

Asc

idie

lla a

sper

sa (O

. F. M

ülle

r, 17

76)

3, 7

20-5

0am

isw

pM

, bt,

mb,

sg, p

hc67

, 249

, 295

, 298

Cio

nida

eCi

ona

inte

stina

lis (L

inna

eus,

1758

)2,

315

-100

anta

mp

M, b

t, m

b-eb

, phc

67, 2

49, 3

89La

rvac

ea (A

ppen

dicu

lari

a)C

opel

ata

Oik

ople

urid

aeO

ikop

leura

dio

ica F

ol, 1

872

[O. c

opho

cerc

a]7,

11,

13,

29,

69

amip

, ? S

KM

, p, e

t, eh

91, 1

98, 3

19, 3

89Le

ptoc

ardi

iA

mph

ioxi

form

esBr

anch

iost

omid

aeBr

anch

iosto

ma

lanc

eola

tum

(Pal

las,

1774

) [Am

phio

xus]

6-8,

11,

13,

16-

21, 2

517

, 21

amip

M, b

t, ep

, ps,

■84

, 91,

249

, 389

Tabl

e 2.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 133

Species, which are distributed either in the northern or in the southern part of the coast (with 1 to 3 lo-calities), number 20-25%. Most of them are benthic forms that belong to poorly explored or rare taxa. A part of recently reported Black Sea endemics could be added to this group as well. In most cases, the spe-cies distribution is related to the level of study of the corresponding coastal region. It can be seen under juxtaposition of the found species in localities (Table 1). Three areas of good research are outlined (over 200 species established). Firstly are the vicinities of Varna (601 species) where the investigations of the Black Sea began a centure ago. The popular resort centers – Nesebar, Pomorie, Burgas and Sozopol (220 to 274 species) form an area of good research. Owing to Bulgarian and Romanian specialists, the region of Kaliakra Cape (230 species) is also well studied. Of coastal basins, the most studied (about 100 species recorded) are the lakes Durankulak, Ezerets-Shabla, Beloslav, Varna, Pomorie, Atanasovsko, Burgas, Mandra and the firth of Ropotamo River. The rich species composition of the lakes Varna and Beloslav is changed after the connection with sea (1909 and 1923) and their transformation into ports (after 1976). Fauna of the lakes Burgas (anthropogenic im-pact after 1960) and Mandra (dam since 1963) be-came considerably poor.

The Black Sea below the depths of 180-200 m is enriched with released H2S, which makes the real deep-sea life impossible. The groups of steno- (epi- and hypo-), meso-, and eurybathic species are pre-sented. The vertical distribution is analyzed for 800 species (75.9%) – marine and marine-brackish forms, according to available data (Table 4). Most species are found from 0 to 25 m on sand (396 species) and rocky (257 species) bottom.

The most numerous are the stenoepibathic species (465 species – 58.1%). The inhabitants of the supralittoral zone, shallow coastal zone (to 5-10 m), as well as species, which reach the depth of 15-30 m and approach to mesobathic forms, belong to this group. An intermediate niche, closer to meso-bathic forms, is occupied by some representatives of the group, which reach higher depths. They are presented in 16 types, of which the most numerous are the representatives of Arthropoda, Annelida and Mollusca.

The group of Eurybathic (168 species – 21.0%) species includes Black Sea species, which are found in both little and great depths. Most eurybathic forms reach the depth of 130-150 m. They are presented in 12 types, of which the representatives of Arthropoda, Nematoda, Annelida and Mollusca predominate.

Table 3. Taxonomic diversity of the invertebrate animals from the Bulgarian Black Sea

Types Classes Orders Families Species

Porifera 2 6 13 23Cnidaria 3 10 25 38Ctenophora 2 3 3 4Plathelminthes 1 5 16 29Nemertini 2 3 9 26Gastrotricha 1 2 6 13Nematoda 2 8 34 112Cephalorhyncha 1 2 3 4Rotifera 1 4 22 121Annelida 5 16 49 173Tardigrada 2 3 5 5Arthropoda 4 28 199 802Mollusca 3 20 65 152Bryozoa 2 3 9 19Phoronida 1 1 1 1Entoprocta 1 1 1 1Chaetognatha 1 1 1 1Echinodermata 2 3 3 6Chordata 3 4 6 8Total 39 123 470 1537

Table 4. Distribution of the invertebrate animals by categories according to depth (Note. Only marine and brackish species,

for which data are available, are included.)

Types Epi-bathic

Hypo-bathic

Meso-bathic

Eury-bathic

Porifera 2 4 9Cnidaria 7 1 2 10Ctenophora 1 1Plathelminthes 13Nemertini 5 4 6 5Gastrotricha 4Nematoda 21 14 11 29Cephalorhyncha 1 1 1Rotifera 12Annelida 79 3 16 19Tardigrada 5Arthropoda 239 21 36 74Mollusca 69 2 33 15Bryozoa 5 1 3Phoronida 1Entoprocta 1Chaetognatha 1Echinodermata 3 3Chordata 1 2 3 1Total 465 52 115 168

134 Zdravko Hubenov

The Mesobathic (115 species – 14.4%) species reach the depth over 40 m in the Black Sea. Some species could be considered stenomesobathic forms. They are presented in 10 types, of which the repre-sentatives of Arthropoda and Mollusca prevail.

The Stenohypobathic species are the smallest group (52 species – 6.5%). They rarely could be found at smaller depth up to 25 m and usually reach high-est density below 60-120 m. They are presented in 10 types, of which the representatives of Arthropoda and Nematoda predominate. Recently some species of Nematoda, Polychaeta and Harpacticoida have been estsblished in hypoxic habitats at depth below 200-250 m (Sergeeva & Zaika, 2013).

Formation of the Black Sea fauna is connected with the origin of the Black Sea basin it-self. The Upper Miocene Sarmatian Sea (18-30‰, a descendant of Tethys) gave rise to the Pontian Sea-Lake, from which two separate basins were formed later, the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Initially, the Black Sea basin had been inhabited by fauna similar to the Caspian one [Chaudian Sea (12-14‰) and Paleoeuxinian Sea (6-8‰)]. Then, it had been connected with the Mediterranean Sea and became saline, so the Mediterranean fauna penetrated into it, whereas the Caspian fauna retreated to the brack-ish coastal parts [time of Uzunlar Sea (16‰) and Karangat Sea (22-30‰)]. Later, the connection with the Mediterranean Sea had been severed, and the brackish basin [the New Euxinian Sea (7‰)] origi-nated, where the Mediterranean fauna disappeared. Recently, 7000-8000 years ago, this basin had been again connected with the Mediterranean Sea and its level increased. The marine fauna invaded it and the current Black Sea had been formed (Mischev & Popov, 1978; Shopov, 1993; Dimitrov et al., 1998; Evlogiev, 2009; Studencka & Jasionowski, 2011).

Then, before the last glaciation, a connection with the Caspian basin arose (via Manych chan-nel), and Caspian interglacial immigrants invaded the Black Sea (Mordukhay-Boltovskoy, 1960; Nevesskaya, 1965; Starobogatov, 1970; Shopov, 1996). Most authors accept these species as Caspian relicts (known also as Sarmatian, Pontian, Pontian-Caspian, or autochthonous faunal elements). They are concentrated mainly in the coastal lakes-firths and the mouths of the Black Sea rivers and inhabit the freshwater and brackish basins. Part of them is subfossils for the sea itself. The Caspian relicts usual-ly have Pontian or Pontian-Caspian ranges. Some of them have entered the river systems of Central and Western Europe (spread to other continents) where

they are considered invasive species. According to Mordukhay-Boltovskoy (1960) the evolution of the Caspian fauna gave rise to the origin of eurybi-ontic oligohaline and freshwater forms, which began to acquire new habitats with their pervasion in Black Sea. The “relicts” Dreissena polymorpha Pallas and D. bugensis – one of the most invasive recent mollusk, are a typical example. Recent data for the distribution of many relict taxa (mainly in the latest electronic editions) contradict their relict nature. It has been es-tablished that these taxa are widespread outside the Pontian-Caspian region. These may be invasive relict forms (a small number of species) or species with uncleared distribution, accepted as relicts. The main portion of the Caspian relicts (41 species, or 3.9%) is benthic brackish forms (38 species, or 92.7%).

The marine and marine-brackish forms are divided into 162 zoogeographical (areographical) categories, combined into 4 main groups and 16 sub-groups (Table 5).

The main portion of the Black Sea fauna (740 species, or 70.2 %) has an Atlantic–Mediterranean origin and represents the impoverished Atlantic-Mediterranean fauna. As this fauna was becom-ing impoverished, the stenobiotic Lusitanian-Mediterranean species were eliminated, so this category is defined by the eurybiontic forms, often distributed along the European coast up to Scotland, North Sea and Scandinavia. Thus an impression is created of the atlantization of this fauna, manifested differently in the various taxonomic groups, benthic and planktonic forms. The atlantization is poorly presented in the planktonic forms (50 species, or 42.4%) and most presented in the benthic forms (712 species, or 72.8%). There is no a considerable difference (in percentages) in the atlantization of the marine (716 species, or 69.9%) and the brackish (101 species, or 65.6%) species.

A portion of the Arctic- and Antarctic-Atlantic (high-latitude boreal and antiboreal) species (43 species, or 4.1%) is not presented in the Mediterranean Sea. Its percentage varies slightly as their number is insignificant in the brackish and planktonic forms. The Arctic-North-Atlantic-, Arctic-Boreal-Atlantic-Mediterranean and circumeuropean species pre-dominate (total of 26 species, or 2.5%). Not all of the Holatlantic and North Atlantic species (99 species, or 9.4%) are presented in Mediterranean Sea. The marine and benthic forms prevail, of which the North-Atlantic-, Boreal-Atlantic- and Holatlantic-Mediterranean and Boreal Atlantic-Pontian species (total of 76 species, or 7.2%) predominate. Between the tropical- and subtropical Atlantic species (109

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 135

species, or 10.3%), the Lusitanian-Mediterranean forms (79 species, or 7.5%) predominate. The East and Northeast Atlantic species are most numerous (251 species, or 23.8%). The main portion of them is the Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean (148 species, or 14.1%) and Celtic-Pontian (44 species, or 4.2%) forms. The Mediterranean species (90 species, or 8.5%) are poorly presented in the planktonic and brackish communities. Almost all Pontian-Caspian species (28 species, or 2.7%) are benthos and brack-ish (27 species, or 17.5%) forms.

The Pontian species (Black Sea endemics) are 118 (11.2%). The benthic (115 species, or 97.5%) and marine (114 species, or 96.6%) forms predominate. The brackish species (11 species, or 9.3%) most of-ten are Caspian relicts. Some of the Pontian species is likely to be found in other seas under better research. This refers mainly to the groups of Nematoda, Ostracoda and Copepoda which are well-studied in the Black Sea. The most Black Sea endemic spe-cies are concentrated in several groups – Porifera, Nemertini, Nematoda, Rotifera, Ostracoda and Copepoda. Many endemic forms, known from pre-vious data, are brought to synonyms or downgraded to subspecies today. Thus there are no data on the Black Sea endemic species in the recent malacologi-cal literature, of which there were more in the old literature [Kaneva-Abadjieva (1960a) recorded 24 species endemic mollusks from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast]. Many species have changed after their penetration into the Black Sea; they are described as new taxa. An interesting example is the hermit-crab Clibanarius erythropus. Because of the lack of large mollusks in the Black Sea, it was forced to use the shells of snails of the genus Gibbula and greatly re-duces its size (became known as C. misanthropus). With the appearance of Rapana venossa in Black Sea, the crab begins to use large shells and again reaches the normal size for crabs in Mediterranean Sea.

The number of forms with Cosmopolitan (121 species – 11.5%), Atlantic-Pacific (120 species – 11.4%) and Atlantic-Indian (72 species – 6.8%) type of distribution is considerably smaller than the forms of Atlantic type. They predominate as species com-position in the marine and benthic species but their percentage is highest in the plankton forms (from 8.5 to 28.0%). The differences in the percentages are not big for the benthic, marine and brackish forms (from 5 to 11%) with the exception of the brackish Atlantic-Pacific species (18.2%). Most Cosmopolitan forms (2/3) have Atlantic-Indian-Pacific distribution. The Holatlantic- and East Atlantic-Indian-Pacific species (58 species, or 5.5%) predominate, of which the

Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indo-Pacific forms are the most numerous (37 species). The number of North Atlantic-Indian-Pacific (15 species) and the tropical and subtropical Atlantic-Indian-Pacific (6 species) species is smaller. About 1/3 of the Cosmopolitan forms have Arctic-Antarctic-Atlantic-Indian-Pacific distribution as the typical Cosmopolitans and Subcosmopolitans (a total of 25 species, or 2.4%) predominate. About 1/4 of the species with Atlantic-Pacific type of distribution belong to Arctic-Antarctic-Atlantic-Pacific forms (23 species – 2.2%). The Atlantic-Pacific species (97 species, or 9.2%) predominate, the main parts of which are with North and South Atlantic-, Hol- and North Atlantic- and North Atlantic-Pacific distribution (a total of 73 species, or 6.9%). The Atlantic-Mediterranean-Pacific species (14 species) are the most numerous. A small number of Hol- and South Atlantic-, East and West Atlantic- and Tropical and Subtropical Atlantic-Pacific species (a total of 24 species, or 2.3%) occur as well. Most forms with Atlantic-Indian type of distribution include Hol- and North Atlantic-Indian and East and Northeast Atlantic-Indian species (a total of 61 species, or 5.8%). The North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian and Celtic-Lusitanian-Mediterranean-Indian species (7 species each) are the most numerous. Seven tropical and subtropical Atlantic-Indian and 4 Arctic-Antarctic-Atlantic-Indian forms occur as well.

The freshwater-brackish, freshwater and terrestrial forms, connected with water, recorded from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, are di-vided into 80 zoogeographical categories, combined into 2 main groups and 5 subgroups (Table 6).

Species distributed in Palaearctic and beyond it. This group (296 species, or 58.3%) includes 36 zoogeographical categories, of which 29 combine species of Northern type (widely distributed in Holarctic or Palaearctic) and 7 – species of Southern type (distributed only in southern Palaearctic. This group is important for the zoogeography of the coastal fauna because of its great species diversity. It is connected with the typical for the sea coasts natu-ral habitats, optimum for the development of its rep-resentatives and is poorly presented in the interior. The difference among the brackish, freshwater and terrestrial forms is from 8.7% to 37.0% (from 74 to 271 species). The species of northern type have vast areas and ecological flexibility. The Cosmopolitan, Subcosmopolitan and Holarctic species (a total of 184 species, or 36.2%) are the most numerous. These species, except the Holarctic forms, are almost not presented in the terrestrial forms. In the brackish

136 Zdravko Hubenov

Tabl

e 5.

Zoo

geog

raph

ical

char

acte

ristic

of t

he m

arin

e an

d br

acki

sh In

vert

ebra

te fa

una

from

the

Bulg

aria

n Bl

ack

Sea

coas

t

Zoog

eogr

aphi

cal s

chem

e of

the

used

cat

egor

ies a

nd m

ain

taxa

Tota

lBe

ntho

sPl

ankt

onM

arin

eBr

akis

hnu

mbe

r%

num

ber

%nu

mbe

r%

num

ber

%nu

mbe

r%

CO

SMO

POLI

TAN

Ty

PE12

111

.48

105

10.7

425

21.1

911

911

.63

1811

.69

Arc

tic-A

ntar

ctic

-Atla

ntic

-Ind

ian-

Paci

fic42

3.98

363.

687

5.93

424.

107

4.54

Cos

mop

olita

n (K

)15

1.42

101.

025

4.24

151.

475

3.25

Subc

osm

opol

itan

(SK

)10

0.95

101.

021

0.85

100.

982

1.30

Arc

tic-A

ntar

ctic

-Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-In

do-P

acifi

c (aa

nam

ip)

40.

384

0.41

40.

39A

rctic

-Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-In

do-P

acifi

c (aa

mip

)6

0.57

60.

616

0.59

Arc

tic-A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Indo

-Nor

th P

acifi

c (aa

min

p)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Arc

tic-N

orth

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-In

do-P

acifi

c (an

amip

)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Arc

tic-N

orth

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-In

do-N

orth

Pac

ific (

anam

inp)

20.

192

0.20

20.

19A

ntar

ctic

-Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-In

do-P

acifi

c (an

tam

ip)

20.

191

0.10

10.

852

0.19

Ant

arct

ic-P

ontia

n-In

do-P

acifi

c (an

pip)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09A

tlant

ic-I

ndia

n-Pa

cific

797.

4969

7.05

1815

.25

777.

5311

7.14

Hol

- and

Eas

t A

tlan

tic-

Indi

an-P

acif

ic58

5.50

495.

0115

12.7

157

5.58

106.

49At

lant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Indo

-Pac

ific (

amip

)37

3.51

313.

1712

10.1

736

3.52

74.

54At

lant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Indo

-Wes

t Pac

ific (

amiw

p)4

0.38

20.

202

1.69

40.

391

0.65

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-In

do-S

outh

wes

t Pac

ific (

amisw

p)3

0.28

30.

313

0.29

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-In

do-N

ew Z

eala

nd (a

min

z)4

0.38

40.

414

0.39

21.

30At

lant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Indo

-Nor

th P

acifi

c (am

inp)

20.

192

0.20

20.

19At

lant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Indo

-Nor

thw

est P

acifi

c (am

inw

p)3

0.28

30.

313

0.29

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-Re

d Se

a-Pa

cific

(am

rsp)

20.

191

0.10

10.

852

0.19

East

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-In

do-P

acifi

c (ea

mip

)2

0.19

20.

202

0.19

East

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-In

do-S

outh

wes

t Pac

ific (

eam

iswp)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09Tr

opic

al a

nd S

ubtr

opic

al A

tlan

tic-

Indi

an-P

acif

ic6

0.57

50.

512

1.69

60.

59C

ircum

[sub

]tro

pica

l (cs

t)3

0.28

20.

201

0.85

30.

29Lu

sitan

ian-

Med

iterr

anea

n-W

est I

ndo-

Wes

t Pac

ific (

lmw

iwp)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09M

edite

rran

ean-

Indo

-Wes

t Pac

ific (

miw

p)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Pont

ian-

Indo

-New

Zea

land

(pin

z)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Nor

th A

tlan

tic-

Indi

an-P

acif

ic15

1.42

151.

531

0.85

141.

371

0.65

Nor

th A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Indo

-Pac

ific (

nam

ip)

30.

283

0.31

10.

852

0.19

10.

65N

orth

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-In

do-W

est P

acifi

c (na

miw

p)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Nor

th A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Indo

-Mal

ayan

(nam

im)

20.

192

0.20

20.

19N

orth

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-In

do-N

ew Z

eala

nd (n

amin

z)5

0.47

50.

515

0.49

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 137

Zoog

eogr

aphi

cal s

chem

e of

the

used

cat

egor

ies a

nd m

ain

taxa

Tota

lBe

ntho

sPl

ankt

onM

arin

eBr

akis

hnu

mbe

r%

num

ber

%nu

mbe

r%

num

ber

%nu

mbe

r%

Nor

th A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Red

Sea-

Nor

thea

st P

acifi

c (na

mrs

nep)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09N

orth

east

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-In

do-N

ew Z

eala

nd (n

eam

inz)

30.

283

0.31

30.

29AT

LAN

TIC

-IN

DIA

N T

yPE

726.

8367

6.85

108.

4770

6.84

74.

54A

rctic

-Ant

arct

ic-A

tlant

ic-I

ndia

n4

0.38

40.

414

0.39

Arc

tic-A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Indi

an (a

ami)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09A

rctic

-Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-N

orth

Indi

an (a

amni

)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Arc

tic-N

orth

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-Re

d Se

a (a

nam

rs)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09A

ntar

ctic

-Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-In

dian

(ant

ami)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09A

tlant

ic-I

ndia

n68

6.45

636.

4410

8.47

666.

457

4.54

Trop

ical

and

Sub

trop

ical

Atl

anti

c-In

dian

70.

665

0.51

21.

697

0.68

21.

30Lu

sitan

ian-

Med

iterr

anea

n-In

dian

(lm

i)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Lusit

ania

n-M

edite

rran

ean-

Mau

ritan

ian-

Wes

t Ind

ian

(lmm

wi)

10.

091

0.85

10.

09Lu

sitan

ian-

Med

iterr

anea

n-W

est I

ndia

n (lm

wi)

10.

091

0.10

10.

091

0.65

Lusit

ania

n-M

edite

rran

ean-

Nor

thea

st In

dian

(lm

nei)

20.

192

0.20

20.

191

0.65

Med

iterr

anea

n-N

orth

Indi

an (m

ni)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09M

edite

rran

ean-

Red

Sea

(mrs

)1

0.09

10.

851

0.09

Hol

- and

Nor

th A

tlan

tic-

Indi

an36

4.42

333.

375

4.24

343.

323

1.95

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-In

dian

(am

i)6

0.57

60.

615

0.49

10.

65At

lant

ic-P

ontia

n-In

dian

(api

)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-N

orth

Indi

an (a

mni

)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-N

orth

east

Indi

an (a

mne

i)2

0.19

20.

202

0.19

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-W

est I

ndia

n (a

mw

i)2

0.19

20.

201

0.85

20.

19At

lant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Red

Sea

(am

rs)

20.

192

0.20

20.

19N

orth

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-In

dian

(nam

i)7

0.66

70.

723

2.54

60.

59N

orth

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-N

orth

Indi

an (n

amni

)6

0.57

50.

511

0.85

60.

59N

orth

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-N

orth

east

Indi

an (n

amne

i)5

0.47

50.

515

0.49

10.

65N

orth

Atla

ntic

-Pon

tian-

Nor

thea

st In

dian

(nap

nei)

10.

091

0.10

10.

091

0.65

Nor

th A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Wes

t Ind

ian

(nam

wi)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09N

orth

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-Re

d Se

a (n

amrs

)2

0.19

21.

692

0.19

East

and

Nor

thea

st A

tlan

tic-

Indi

an25

2.37

252.

563

2.54

252.

442

1.30

East

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-In

dian

(eam

i)4

0.38

40.

411

0.85

40.

391

0.65

East

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-W

est I

ndia

n (e

amw

i)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Tabl

e 5.

Con

tinue

d

138 Zdravko Hubenov

Zoog

eogr

aphi

cal s

chem

e of

the

used

cat

egor

ies a

nd m

ain

taxa

Tota

lBe

ntho

sPl

ankt

onM

arin

eBr

akis

hnu

mbe

r%

num

ber

%nu

mbe

r%

num

ber

%nu

mbe

r%

East

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-So

uthw

est I

ndia

n (e

amsw

i)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

East

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-Re

d Se

a (e

amrs

)2

0.19

20.

202

0.19

Cel

tic-L

usita

nian

-Med

iterr

anea

n-In

dian

(clm

i)7

0.66

70.

727

0.68

10.

65C

eltic

-Lus

itani

an-M

edite

rran

ean-

Wes

t Ind

ian

(clm

wi)

50.

475

0.51

21.

695

0.49

Cel

tic-L

usita

nian

-Med

iterr

anea

n-N

orth

wes

t Ind

ian

(clm

nwi)

20.

192

0.20

20.

19C

eltic

-Lus

itani

an-M

edite

rran

ean-

Nor

thea

st In

dian

(clm

nei)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09C

eltic

-Pon

tian-

Nor

thea

st In

dian

(cpn

ei)

20.

192

0.20

20.

19AT

LAN

TIC

-PA

CIF

IC T

yPE

120

11.3

894

9.61

3327

.97

118

11.5

328

18.1

8A

rctic

-Ant

arct

ic-A

tlant

ic-P

acifi

c23

2.18

202.

044

3.39

232.

253

1.95

Arc

tic-A

ntar

ctic

-Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-Bo

real

Pac

ific (

aana

mbp

)1

0.09

10.

101

0.85

10.

09A

rctic

-Nor

th A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Paci

fic (a

nam

p)2

0.19

20.

202

0.19

Arc

tic-N

orth

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-N

orth

Pac

ific (

anam

np)

50.

474

0.41

10.

855

0.49

Arc

tic-N

orth

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-N

orth

east

Pac

ific (

anam

nep)

40.

384

0.41

40.

39A

rctic

-Nor

th A

tlant

ic-P

ontia

n-N

orth

east

Pac

ific (

anap

nep)

10.

091

0.85

10.

091

0.65

Arc

tic-B

orea

l Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-Bo

real

Pac

ific (

abam

bp)

30.

283

0.31

30.

29A

rctic

-Bor

eal A

tlant

ic-P

ontia

n-Bo

real

Pac

ific (

abap

bp)

30.

282

0.20

10.

853

0.29

21.

30A

rctic

-Bor

eal A

tlant

ic-P

ontia

n-N

orth

east

Pac

ific (

abap

nep)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09A

rctic

-Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-So

uthw

est P

acifi

c (aa

msw

p)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Arc

tic-C

eltic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-N

ew Z

eala

nd (a

cmnz

)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Ant

arct

ic-A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Paci

fic (a

ntam

p)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Atla

ntic

-Pac

ific

979.

2074

7.57

2924

.58

959.

2725

16.2

3H

ol- a

nd N

orth

Atl

anti

c-Pa

cifi

c26

2.47

222,

256

5.08

262.

543

1.95

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-Pa

cific

(am

p)14

1.33

131.

333

2.54

141.

37At

lant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Nor

th P

acifi

c (am

np)

10.

091

0.85

10.

09N

orth

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-Pa

cific

(nam

p)6

0.57

40.

412

1.69

60.

592

1.30

Bore

al A

tlant

ic-P

ontia

n-Pa

cific

(bap

p)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

10.

65At

lant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Japo

nic (

amj)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09At

lant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Nor

thea

st P

acifi

c (am

nep)

30.

283

0.31

30.

29Tr

opic

al a

nd S

ubtr

opic

al A

tlan

tic-

Paci

fic

70.

666

0.61

10.

857

0.68

Lusit

ania

n-M

edite

rran

ean-

Wes

t Pac

ific (

lmw

p)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Med

iterr

anea

n-Ja

poni

c (m

j)2

0.19

20.

202

0.19

Med

iterr

anea

n-M

aurit

ania

n-G

uine

an-T

asm

ania

n (m

mgt

)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Tabl

e 5.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 139

Zoog

eogr

aphi

cal s

chem

e of

the

used

cat

egor

ies a

nd m

ain

taxa

Tota

lBe

ntho

sPl

ankt

onM

arin

eBr

akis

hnu

mbe

r%

num

ber

%nu

mbe

r%

num

ber

%nu

mbe

r%

Lusit

ania

n-M

edite

rran

ean-

New

Zea

land

(lm

nz)

20.

191

0.10

10.

852

0.19

Med

iterr

anea

n-N

ew Z

eala

nd (m

nz)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09N

orth

Atl

anti

c-Pa

cifi

c19

1.80

191.

9418

1.76

10.

65N

orth

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-N

orth

Pac

ific (

nam

np)

30.

283

0.31

30.

29Bo

real

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-Bo

real

Pac

ific (

bam

bp)

20.

192

0.20

20.

19Bo

real

Atla

ntic

-Pon

tian-

Bore

al P

acifi

c (ba

pbp)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09C

ircum

bore

al-M

edite

rran

ean

(cbm

)2

0.19

20.

202

0.19

Nor

th A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Nor

thea

st P

acifi

c (na

mne

p)2

0.19

20.

202

0.19

Bore

al A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Nor

thea

st P

acifi

c (ba

mne

p)2

0.19

20.

202

0.19

Nor

thea

st A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Nor

th P

acifi

c (ne

amnp

)2

0.19

20.

202

0.19

Nor

thea

st A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Ale

utia

n (n

eam

al)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09N

orth

east

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-Ja

poni

c (ne

amj)

20.

192

0.20

20.

19C

eltic

-Pon

tian-

Japo

nic (

cpj)

10.

091

0.10

10.

65Po

ntia

n-N

orth

east

Pac

ific (

pnep

)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Nor

th a

nd S

outh

Atl

anti

c-Pa

cifi

c28

2.66

171.

7412

10.1

727

2.64

159.

74C

ircum

bore

al-M

edite

rran

ean-

Aust

ralia

n (c

bma)

10.

091

0.10

10.

851

0.09

10.

65N

orth

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-So

uth

Paci

fic (n

amsp

)2

0.19

10.

102

0.19

10.

65N

orth

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-So

uthe

ast P

acifi

c (na

mse

p)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Nor

th A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Sout

hwes

t Pac

ific (

nam

swp)

30.

282

0.20

21.

693

0.29

21.

30Bo

real

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-So

uthw

est P

acifi

c (ba

msw

p)4

0.38

20.

202

1.69

40.

391

0.65

Nor

th A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

New

Zea

land

(nam

nz)

90.

854

0.41

54.

248

0.78

6C

arol

inia

n-C

eltic

-Pon

tian-

New

Zea

land

(cac

pnz)

10.

091

0.10

10.

091

0.65

Nor

thea

st A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Sout

hwes

t Pac

ific (

neam

swp)

20.

192

0.20

20.

191

0.65

Nor

thea

st A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

New

Zea

land

(nea

mnz

)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Cel

tic-L

usita

nian

-Med

iterr

anea

n-N

ew Z

eala

nd (c

lmnz

)3

0.28

10.

102

1.69

30.

292

1.30

Cel

tic-L

usita

nian

-Pon

tian-

New

Zea

land

(clp

nz)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09H

ol- a

nd S

outh

Atl

anti

c-Pa

cifi

c9

0.85

40.

416

5.08

90.

885

3.25

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-So

uthw

est P

acifi

c (am

swp)

40.

382

0.20

32.

544

0.39

21.

30At

lant

ic-P

ontia

n-So

uthw

est P

acifi

c (ap

swp)

10.

091

0.85

10.

091

0.65

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n-N

ew Z

eala

nd (a

mnz

)4

0.38

20.

202

1.69

40.

392

1.30

East

and

Wes

t A

tlan

tic-

Paci

fic

80.

766

0.61

43.

398

0.78

10.

65Ea

st A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Paci

fic (e

amp)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09

Tabl

e 5.

Con

tinue

d

140 Zdravko Hubenov

Zoog

eogr

aphi

cal s

chem

e of

the

used

cat

egor

ies a

nd m

ain

taxa

Tota

lBe

ntho

sPl

ankt

onM

arin

eBr

akis

hnu

mbe

r%

num

ber

%nu

mbe

r%

num

ber

%nu

mbe

r%

Nor

thea

st A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

East

Pac

ific (

neam

ep)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09At

lant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Wes

t Pac

ific (

amw

p)4

0.38

20.

203

2.54

40.

391

0.65

Nor

th A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean-

Wes

t Pac

ific (

nam

wp)

20.

192

0.20

10.

852

0.19

ATLA

NTI

C T

yPE

740

70.2

071

272

.80

5042

.37

716

69.9

910

165

.58

Arc

tic-A

ntar

ctic

-Atla

ntic

434.

0841

4.19

75.

9342

4.11

53.

25A

rctic

-Ant

arct

ic-N

orth

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n (a

anna

m)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09A

rctic

-Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n (a

am)

40.

384

0.41

44.

11A

rctic

-Nor

th A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean

(ana

m)

121.

1411

1.12

21.

6911

1.07

10.

65A

rctic

-Nor

th A

tlant

ic-P

ontia

n (a

nap)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09A

rctic

-Bor

eal A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean

(aba

m)

70.

667

0.72

10.

857

0.68

31.

95A

rctic

-Bor

eal A

tlant

ic-P

ontia

n (a

bap)

30.

283

0.31

30.

291

0.65

Arc

tic-C

ircum

euro

pean

-Mau

ritan

ian

(ace

m)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09A

rctic

-Circ

umeu

rope

an (a

ce)

40.

383

0.31

21.

694

0.39

Arc

tic-C

eltic

-Pon

tian

(acp

)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Circ

umeu

rope

an-M

aurit

ania

n (c

em)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09C

ircum

euro

pean

(ce)

70.

667

0.72

21.

697

0.68

Ant

arct

ic-C

eltic

-Lus

itani

an-M

edite

rran

ean

(anc

lm)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09A

tlant

ic69

766

.13

671

68.6

143

36.4

467

465

.88

9662

.34

Hol

- and

Nor

th A

tlan

tic

999.

3995

9.71

86.

7898

9.58

13

8.44

Hol

atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n (h

am)

131.

2312

1.23

21.

6912

1.17

53.

25At

lant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean

(am

)5

0.47

50.

515

0.49

Atla

ntic

-Pon

tian

(ap)

20.

192

0.20

20.

19N

orth

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n (n

am)

272.

5625

2.56

32.

5427

2.64

31.

95N

orth

Atla

ntic

-Pon

tian

(nap

)5

0.47

50.

515

0.49

10.

65Bo

real

-Ant

ibor

eal A

tlant

ic-P

ontia

n (b

aap)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09Bo

real

Atla

ntic

-Med

iterr

anea

n (b

am)

232.

1822

2.25

21.

6923

2.25

31.

95Bo

real

Atla

ntic

-Pon

tian

(bap

)13

1.23

131.

331

0.85

131.

271

0.65

Virg

inia

n-C

eltic

-Lus

itani

an-M

edite

rran

ean

(vcl

m)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09C

arol

inia

n-C

eltic

-Lus

itani

an-M

edite

rran

ean

(ccl

m)

40.

384

0.41

40.

39C

arol

inia

n-C

eltic

-Pon

tian

(ccp

)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Car

ibbe

an-C

eltic

-Lus

itani

an-M

edite

rran

ean

(kcl

m)

40.

384

0.41

40.

39

Tabl

e 5.

Con

tinue

d

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 141

Zoog

eogr

aphi

cal s

chem

e of

the

used

cat

egor

ies a

nd m

ain

taxa

Tota

lBe

ntho

sPl

ankt

onM

arin

eBr

akis

hnu

mbe

r%

num

ber

%nu

mbe

r%

num

ber

%nu

mbe

r%

Trop

ical

and

Sub

trop

ical

Atl

anti

c10

910

.34

9910

.12

86.

7810

810

.56

95.

84Tr

opic

al A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean

(tam

)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

Virg

inia

n-C

arol

inia

n-C

arib

bean

(vck

)2

0.19

10.

101

0.85

20.

19C

arol

inia

n-Lu

sitan

ian-

Med

iterr

anea

n (c

alm

)2

0.19

20.

202

0.19

Car

olin

ian-

Lusit

ania

n-Po

ntia

n (c

alp)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09C

arib

bean

-Lus

itani

an-M

edite

rran

ean

(klm

)5

0.47

40.

415

0.49

Car

ibbe

an-M

edite

rran

ean-

Mau

ritan

ian

(km

m)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09Lu

sitan

ian-

Med

iterr

anea

n-M

aurit

ania

n-G

uine

an (l

mm

g)5

0.47

50.

515

0.49

Lusit

ania

n-M

edite

rran

ean-

Mau

ritan

ian

(lmm

)11

1.04

80.

822

1.69

111.

07Lu

sitan

ian-

Med

iterr

anea

n-So

uth

Afr

ican

(lm

sa)

10.

091

0.10

10.

09Lu

sitan

ian-

Med

iterr

anea

n (lm

)79

7.49

747.

575

4.24

787.

629

5.84

Lusit

ania

n-Po

ntia

n (lp

)1

0.09

10.

101

0.09

East

and

Nor

thea

st A

tlan

tic

251

23.8

124

424

.94

1613

.56

247

24.1

432

20.7

8Ea

st A

tlant

ic-M

edite

rran

ean

(eam

)10

0.95

101.

0210

0.98

Cel

tic-L

usita

nian

-Med

iterr

anea

n-M

aurit

ania

n (c

lmm

)26

2.47

262.

661

0.85

262.

541

0.65

Cel

tic-L

usita

nian

-Med

iterr

anea

n (c

lm)

148

14.0

414

715

.03

75.

9314

714

.37

2113

.64

Cel

tic-L

usita

nian

-Pon

tian

(clp

)15

1.42

121.

234

4.24

131.

275

3.25

Cel

tic-M

edite

rran

ean

(cm

)6

0.57

60.

616

0.59

Cel

tic-P

ontia

n-C

aspi

an (c

pc)

20.

191

0.10

10.

852

0.19

21.

30C

eltic

-Pon

tian

(cp)

444.

1742

4.29

32.

5443

4.20

31.

95M

edit

erra

nean

-Pon

tian

-Cas

pian

238

22.5

823

323

.82

119.

3222

121

.60

4227

.27

Hol

omed

iterr

anea

n (h

om)

232.

1822

2.25

10.

8523

2.25

31.

95M

edite

rran

ean

(m)

282.

6628

2.86

282.

74Ea

st M

edite

rran

ean

(em

)9

0.85

90.

921

0.85

90.

88N

orth

Med

iterr

anea

n (n

m)

30.

283

0.31

30.

29A

dria

tic-A

egea

n-Po

ntia

n (a

dep)

30.

283

0.31

30.

29A

dria

tic-P

ontia

n (a

dp)

100.

9510

1.02

100.

98A

egea

n-Po

ntia

n (e

p)14

1.33

141.

431

0.85

131.

27Po

ntia

n-C

aspi

an-A

ral (

pca)

20.

192

0.20

10.

852

0.19

10.

65Po

ntia

n-C

aspi

an (p

c)28

2.66

272.

762

1.69

161.

5627

17.5

3Po

ntia

n (p

)11

811

.19

115

11.7

65

4.24

114

11.1

411

7.14

Cas

pian

rel

ict

413.

8939

3.99

43.

3921

2.05

3824

.67

Tota

l10

5497

892

.88

118

11.2

110

2397

.15

154

14.6

2

Tabl

e 5.

Con

tinue

d

142 Zdravko Hubenov

communities, the Holarctic species are poorly repre-sented (17 species). The species of southern type are best represented in the terrestrial forms (11 species, or 5.5%). The presence of this group in different taxa depends on whether they include highly mobile and widely distributed forms or combine less mobile and more closely connected with certain conditions species. In the latter case, more important are the spe-cific natural habitats to which species are adapted.

Species distributed only in Palaearctic but in more than one subregion (Palaearctic type). A total of 79 species (15.5%) that belong to this group, com-bined into 11 zoogeographical categories, has been established along the coast. The group includes from 8.1% to 25.9% (from 14 to 65 species) of the brackish, freshwater and terrestrial forms. Its character is de-termined by Transpalaearctic, West Palaearctic, West and Central Palaearctic and Holopalaearctic species (a total of 63 species, or 12.4%) that are the most nu-merous. This correlation remains almost the same and varies from 1.9% to 8.5% (from 4 to 18 species) in the freshwater and terrestrial forms. In brackish forms the group is poorly presented – from 0.6% to 2.3% (from 1 to 4 species). The number of the European-North African species (from 3 to 5 species in the group) varies insignificantly. Two species have a longitudinal disjunction of their areas that includes parts of Siberia and Central Asia (Table 2).

Species distributed within one subregion of Palaearctic. This group (126 species, or 24.8%) in-cludes species with Eurosiberian and Mediterranean type of distribution. The Mediterranean-Central Asian species are also included here according to many authors who combine Mediterranean and Central Asian subregions. The species with Mediterranean type of distribution are accepted in a general way and include elements (Submediterranean, Subiranian, and Pontian), that could be consid-ered separately as well (Gruev & Kusmanov, 1994, 1999; Gruev 1995, 2000). The Eurosiberian spe-cies are 55 (10.8%), of which the European species (31 species, or 6.1%) are the most numerous. They are combined into 9 zoogeographical categories and include from 6.9% to 11.5% (from 12 to 48 species) of the brackish, freshwater and terrestrial forms. The Eurosiberian species are best represented in freshwa-ter forms and poorly represented in brackish forms. Thirty-six species have European distribution only, of which 31 are wide-spread in Europe and 5 – in its separate regions (Central and South Europe). The Mediterranean species are 71 (13.9%), of which the Holomediterranean species (19 species – 3.7%) are most numerous. This group combines 24 zooge-

ographical categories with different origin, distri-bution and ecological peculiarities. It includes from 7.7% to 28.4% (19-57 species) of the brackish, fresh-water and terrestrial forms. The group is best repre-sented in terrestrial forms and poorly represented in freshwater forms. The endemics (11 species – 2.2%) are poorly represented – their number varies from 4 to 7 species. More are the regional endemics that have been found in the terrestrial forms. The specific conditions along the coast do not favor the formation of endemic taxa, which mostly are newly described forms or rare species with unclear distribution. The only local endemic (Hauffenia lucidula) is a creno-biontic species of the family Hydrobiidae – 95.5% of the species of this group are freshwater endemic forms.

Zooplankton. It includes representatives of Protozoa, Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Rotifera, Annelida (larvae), Arthropoda, Mollusca (larvae) and Chordata (Valkanov, Dimov & Naidenov, 1978; Konsulov, 1991, 1998; Konsulov & Konsulova, 1993, 1998). In regard to species diversity, the Black Sea zooplankton is characterized as poor (in comparison with the Mediterranean Sea). According to thermal conditions in the water mass the zoo-plankton is divided to thermophilic, eurythermic and cryophilic. The thermophilic representatives are found mainly in surface water layers to 25 m. The cryophilic and eurythermic forms dominate below the zone of thermowedge. The vertical distribution depends on the oxygen penetrating in the depth (100-175 m). The zooplankters have a specific distribution according to seasons and depth, which is determined by their temperature and trophic requirements. The eurythermic forms occur throughout the year as they are not influenced by temperature. The cryophilic forms occur in all depths in winter and fall below 50-60 m in summer. The thermophilic forms are found mainly in summer and disappear in winter. The bot-tom larvaton (meroplankton) is of great importance for species diversity of the benthic fauna. It is repre-sented by Mollusca – veliger, Cyripedia – nauplius and cypris, Polychaeta – larvae, Pisces ova and lar-vae. The average annual biomass of the zooplankton in front of the Bulgarian coast is 74.25 mg/m3 and varies by seasons: in winter – 27 mg/m3, in spring – 77 mg/m3, in summer – 135 mg/m3 and in autumn – 48 mg/m3 (Valkanov, Dimov & Naidenov, 1978). After 10 years, these values are lower. The average annual spring biomass of zooplankton in the coastal zone is highest in front of Cape Galata (72.58 mg/m3), lower in front of Cape Kaliakra (58.79 mg/m3) and the lowest in front of Cape Emine (35.39 mg/

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 143

Tabl

e 6.

Zoo

geog

raph

ical

char

acte

ristic

of t

he b

rack

ish, f

resh

wat

er a

nd te

rres

tria

l Inv

erte

brat

e fa

una

from

the

Bulg

aria

n Bl

ack

Sea

coas

t

Zoog

eogr

aphi

cal s

chem

e of t

he u

sed

cate

gori

es an

d m

ain

taxa

Tota

lBr

akish

(rar

e mar

ine)

Fres

hwat

erTe

rres

tria

lnu

mbe

r%

num

ber

%nu

mbe

r%

num

ber

%Sp

ecie

s dist

ribut

ed in

Pal

aear

ctic

and

out o

f it

296

58.2

712

773

.84

271

65.1

474

36.8

1No

rthe

rn t

ype

282

55.5

112

673

.25

262

62.9

863

31.3

4Co

smop

olita

n (k

)75

14.7

654

31.4

074

17.7

92

0.99

Subc

osm

opol

itan

(sk)

418.

0722

12.7

939

9.37

Hol

arct

ic-P

aleo

trop

ical

-Neo

trop

ical

(hpt

n)5

0.98

21.

164

0.96

10.

50H

olar

ctic

-Pal

eotr

opic

al-A

ustr

alia

n (h

pta)

20.

391

0.24

10.

50H

olar

ctic

-Pal

eotr

opic

al (h

pt)

30.

592

1.16

30.

72H

olar

ctic

-Neo

trop

ical

-Ori

enta

l-Aus

tral

ian

(hno

a)3

0.59

10.

583

0.72

10.

50H

olar

ctic

-Neo

trop

ical

-Ori

enta

l (hn

o)8

1.57

42.

327

1.68

41.

99H

olar

ctic

-Neo

trop

ical

-Afr

otro

pica

l-Aus

tral

ian

(hna

ta)

30.

592

0.48

10.

50H

olar

ctic

-Neo

trop

ical

-Afr

otro

pica

l (hn

at)

61.

183

1.74

51.

201

0.50

Hol

arct

ic-N

eotr

opic

al-A

ustr

alia

n (h

na)

50.

982

1.16

40.

961

0.50

Hol

arct

ic-A

frot

ropi

cal-A

ustr

alia

n (h

ata)

30.

591

0.58

30.

72H

olar

ctic

-Ori

enta

l-Aus

tral

ian

(hoa

)3

0.59

10.

583

0.72

Hol

arct

ic-N

eotr

opic

al (h

n)5

0.98

31.

745

1.20

10.

50H

olar

ctic

-Afr

otro

pica

l (ha

t)7

1.38

31.

745

1.20

20.

99H

olar

ctic

-Ori

enta

l (ho

)8

1.57

21.

167

1.68

41.

99H

olar

ctic

-Aus

tral

ian

(ha)

20.

391

0.58

20.

48Pa

lear

ctic

-Pal

eotr

opic

al-A

ustr

alia

n (p

pta)

30.

593

0.72

Pale

arct

ic-A

frot

ropi

cal-A

ustr

alia

n (p

ata)

20.

391

0.24

10.

50Pa

lear

ctic

-Ori

enta

l-Aus

tral

ian

(poa

)2

0.39

20.

482

0.99

Pale

arct

ic-P

aleo

trop

ical

(ppt

)1

0.20

10.

581

0.24

10.

50Pa

lear

ctic

-Afr

otro

pica

l (pa

t)8

1.57

21.

168

1.92

10.

50Pa

lear

ctic

-Ori

enta

l (po

)9

1.77

31.

749

2.16

62.

98W

est P

alea

rctic

-Pal

eotr

opic

al (w

ppt)

10.

201

0.24

10.

50Tr

ansp

alae

arct

ic-O

rien

tal (

tpo)

20.

392

0.48

20.

99W

est a

nd C

entr

al P

alae

arct

ic-O

rien

tal (

wcpo

)1

0.20

10.

241

0.50

Wes

t Pal

earc

tic-A

frot

ropi

cal (

wpat

)3

0.59

10.

242

0.99

Wes

t Pal

earc

tic-O

rien

tal (

wpo)

20.

391

0.58

20.

482

0.99

Hol

arct

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144 Zdravko Hubenov

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Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 145

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Tabl

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Con

tinue

d

146 Zdravko Hubenov

m3). In the autumn zooplankton, almost all summer zooplankters are established but with lower average value of the biomass (36.13 mg/m3) in comparison with the summer value (102.10 mg/m3). The high-est average value of the autumn biomass (78.17 mg/m3) is recorded in coastal waters east of Cape Galata and the lowest one (16.76 mg/m3) – east of Cape Maslen Nos (Konsulov & Konsulova, 1993, 1998). The layer, richest in plankton, is at a depth to 23 m (31.1% of the total biomass). The layer up to 50 m depth contains plankton equivalent to 51.8% of the total biomass. The increase of biomass at a depth of 100-125 m is due to the accumulation of cryophilic plankters. With highest amounts in the period 1970-1988 are the species Oithona minuta (to 2813 ind/m3), Acartia clausi (to 2388 ind/m3), Penilia aviros-tris (2044 ind/m3) and Pleopis polyphaemoides (to 767 ind/m3) in summer and Paracalanus parvus (364 ind/m3) in autumn (Konsulov & Konsulova, 1993, 1998). Significant impact on the planktonic cenoses in the 80s and 90s has Mnemiopsis leidyi, with maxi-mum numbers of 450 ind/m3 recorded (Konsulov, 1989, 1990; Konsulov & Konsulova, 1993, 1998; Kamburska, 2004). Maximum values of 12 kg/m3 are established in the shelf water areas in April of 1990 (Bogdanova & Konsulov, 1993). As a determining factor for zooplankton development, the species has become an indicator of the pelagic ecosystem and threat to the species diversity of planktonic cenoses. After 2000 the number of M. leidyi decreased as a result of the predatory pressure of Beroe оvata and the structure of the dominant groups began to recover. Most appreciable are changes in the coastal zone. The Crustacea (predominantly Copepoda and Cladocera) usually comprise 70-80% of the zoo-plankton biomass. Of these crustaceans, about 11280 ind/m3 were established in the summer of 2005 in front of Cape Galata (Shigalova et al., 2008).

Zoobenthos. The number of zoobenthos spe-cies is about 1000 (1370 species with Protozoa and parasitic forms), belonging to 19 types. It is studied better in Bulgaria than in other Black Sea countries. Arthropoda, Annelida, Mollusca and Nematoda have the greatest species diversity. Since some taxo-nomic groups have not yet been sufficiently investi-gated, it could be accepted that the species compo-sition is higher. Three main zones are established – supralittoral, mediolittoral (littoral, pseudolittoral) and sublittoral (infralittoral, circalittoral). In these zones 12 biocenoses and a great number of series are differentiated, which are characterized by definite species composition (Kaneva-Abadjieva, 1960, 1962; Valkanov & Marinov, 1978; Marinov, 1990;

Konsulov & Konsulova, 1993, 1998; Revkov et al., 2008).

Rocky supralittoral. A characteristic species are Chthamalus stellatus, Melarhaphe neritoides and Ligia italica, found up to 2-3 m above the water on the rocks. The highest settled specimens of Ch. stel-latus and M. neritoides are active only during rough sea. The density of Ch. stellatus reaches thousands ind/m2. Myosotella myosotis is found sometimes un-der the stones in that biocenosis and Pachygrapsus marmoratus temporarily goes out (Valkanov & Marinov, 1978; Marinov, 1990).

Sandy supralittoral and washed out algae. The species of family Talitridae are typical forms, of which Orchestia bottae (to 3500 ind/m2 and 90 g/m2) is a typical mass species (Stoykov, 1975). Many in-sects, inhabiting the coast, of the orders Collembola, Heteroptera, Coleoptera and Diptera are presented. A part of their larvae grow up in washed out algae. Marine forms as Orchestia gammarellus (to 2831.7 mg/100 g algae), connected with algae and sea grass and other washed ashore species, are presented. The highest biomass (8661.6 mg/m2) is established in au-tumn (Beschovski, 1964a, 1975a, 1978; Marinov, 1990).

Rocky mediolittoral (Enteromorpha zone). The most abundant species are Spirorbis pussilla, Chthamalus stellatus, Balanus improvisus, Idotea balthica, Mytilus galloprovincialis and the larvae forms of Thalassomyia frauenfeldi. The species Patella ulys-siponensis is a typical inhabitant which is rare now but formerly it occurred in great quantity along the southern coastal zone, according to older literature (Kaneva-Abadjieva, 1960a). Eriphia verrucosa and Pachygrapsus marmoratus are observed during the warm months (Marinov, 1990; Konsulov, 1998).

Sandy mediolittoral. A very typical and abun-dant species is Donacilla cornea, the maximum den-sity of which reaches 9800 ind/m2 at Alepu. A com-paratively high density is established at Stomoplo (6000 ind/m2) and Ahtopol (2000 ind/m2). Ophelia bicornis is also a mass species with density of 2000 ind/m2; it is found on the beach at Lozenetz Village. The Caspian relict Euxinia maeoticus occurs rarely. Over 60 species have been found in the subterranean beach waters, of which Harpacticoida (29 species), Polychaeta (10 species), Turbellaria and Halacaridae (7 species each) are best represented. The average density of the meiobenthos varies from 14552 to 74000 ind/m2, as Oligochaeta and Harpacticoida predominate. The maximum density of Oligochaeta reaches 76760 ind/m2 (Marinov, 1990; Konsulov & Konsulova, 1993, 1998).

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 147

Cystoseira overgrowths. An exceptionally rich biocenosis, connected to the algae Cystoseira barbata and C. crinita that develop on the rocky bottom from 0.5 to 20 m of depth. Over 130 spe-cies have been established, of which Crustacea (68 species) and Polychaeta (31 species) are best repre-sented. Characteristic species are Caprella acanthif-era, Palaemon adspersus, Clibanarius erythropus, Macropodia longirostris, Pilumnus hirtellus, Nereis zonata, Spirorbis pussila, etc.. Eight mollusk species develop on the thallus of the algae, the majority of which are Tricolia pullus, Bittium reticulatum, Rissoa splendida and Mytilaster lineatus (which densely overgrows the base of the thallus). Some Cnidaria (Sarsia tubulosa, Aglaophenia pluma, Lucernariopsis campanulata, etc.) and Bryozoa (Electra pilosa) are attached to the algae. The average density of the macro- and meiobenthos is 709424 ind/m2, the aver-age biomass – 20.9 g/kg algae. The maximum density reaches 1040000 ind/m2, and the biomass – 400 g/m2. Harpacticoida has a high density (113396 екз./kg algae). The density and biomass are highest in spring and summer (212668 ind/m2 and 58.5 g/kg algae). The biomass is formed mainly from the mollusks (Kaneva-Abadjieva & Marinov, 1977; Marinov, 1990).

Rocky sublittoral. This biocenosis spreads in depth from 0.5 to 30 m and comprises over 130 species with average density of 105105 ind/m2. Representatives of Crustacea (40 species), Mollusca (36 species) and Polychaeta (31 species) predomi-nate. Many Porifera (Petrosia ficiformis, Dysidea fra-gilis, genus Haliclona, etc..), cnidarians (Aglaophenia pluma, Orthopyxis integra, Actinia aquina, etc..), sed-entary Polychaeta (Sabellaria taurica, Spirobranchus triqueter, Vermiliopsis infundibulum and Spirorbis pu-silla), Bryozoa (Membranipora and Cryptosula) and Ascidiacea (Botryllus schlosseri) are presented. The decapods (Palaemon adspersus, Palaemon elegans, Hippolyte sapphica, Clibanarius erythropus, Eriphia verrucosa, Pachygrapsus marmoratus) are most repre-sented. However, the mass species Carcinus aestuarii has declined sharply in numbers lately. The species Lepidochitona cinerea and Rapana venosa are per-manent inhabitants of the rocky bottom. The most abundant snails are Tricolia pullus, Gibbula divari-cata and Rissoa splendida. The mussels Mytilus gal-loprovincialis and Mytilaster lineatus occur in large quantities. The karst and mergel rocks are pierced by the holes of Petricola lithophaga, Pholas dactylus and Barnea candida (Marinov, 1990). Great aggre-gations of Ostrea edulis occurred in the past around Cape Maslen Nos – reef, made of oysters, but now

living forms there are not established (Todorova et al., 2008a).

Sandy sublittoral. Extends from 0 to 17-20 m depth and is the richest in terms of species bioceno-sis. Above 300 species have been established, some of which penetrated from neighboring biocenoses. Polychaeta (above 60 species), crustaceans (about 50 species), mollusks (above 30 species) dominate as well as great number of other groups, in which psammophilous and psammobiontic species are presented. The zoocenosis has been divided into 5 subcenoses according to the qualitative composition and ground characteristics (Marinov, 1990). Some Polychaeta (Scolelepis squamata, Glycera convoluta and Prionospio cirrifera), crustaceans (Bathyporeia guilliamsoniana, Ampelisca diadema, Diogenes pu-gilator) and common mollusks (Chamelea gallina, Lucinella divaricata and Bittium reticulatum) are dominated forms. Characteristic psammophilous Polychaeta are Arenicola marina, Pisione remota, Prionospio malmgreni and Polygordius lacteus, some Cumacea from crustaceans (Pseudocuma, Bodotria, Cumopsis and Cumella) and many mollusks (Loripes lacteus, Solen marginatus, Tellina donacina, T. tenuis, T. fabula, Donax trunculus and Gouldia minima). Actinothoe clavata and Branchiostoma lanceolatum (related to a certain structure of the sand) are typi-cal representatives. The density and biomass are determined by psammobiontic forms and as ex-ception by some eurybionts (Balanus improvisus and Ampelisca diadema). The highest is the density of Polychaeta; Mollusca have the highest biomass. The average density varies from 1484 ind/m2 to 2576 ind/m2; as Polychaeta comprise 55%, followed by crustaceans – 16%, mollusks – 27% and other groups – about 1.5-2%. The average biomass is 136.4 g/m2 as the mollusks comprise 92.8% (126.5 g/m2) of it (Valkanov et al., 1978; Marinov, 1990). The average density of mollusks is 398 ind/m2; it is the highest for Lentidium mediterraneum (168 ind/m2) which can reaches a maximum density up to 21000 ind/m2. For Polychaeta, Spio filicornis reaches a maximum density of 8320 ind/m2 (Valkanov et al., 1978; Marinov, 1990). The maximum biomass for mollusks, from 1542 to 1787 g/m2 (density about 2700 ind/m2), is established for Ch. gallina (Kaneva-Abadjieva & Marinov, 1966; Marinov, 1990). The invasive immigrants Rapana venosa (biomass up to 400 g/m2), Anadara kagoshimensis (biomass up to 4282 g/m2) and Mya arenaria (biomass up to 4596 g/m2) are also represented here.

Coastal silt. This zone begins from where the sandy bottom ends. It extends from 15-20 to 30-40 m

148 Zdravko Hubenov

depth and is better developed in the northern coastal zone. Relatively poor biocenosis, in which about 50 species have been established. It can be divided into 2 subcenoses depending on the abundance of Melinna palmata (Polychaeta) – high occurrence of M. pal-mata and low occurrence of M. palmata. The former comprises 2/3 of the entire cenosis, has a richer spe-cies diversity, density and biomass. The maximum density of M. palmata reaches to 2010 ind/m2 and the biomass – to 44.9 g/m2 (Nguen Suan Li, 1984; Marinov, 1990). The average density of the bioceno-sis is 564 ind/m2 and the maximum one – 2543 ind/m2. The average biomass is 76.3 g/m2 and the maxi-mum one – 280.7 g/m2. Polychaeta comprises 82.4% of the density and Mollusca forms about 77.9% of the biomass of this zoocenosis. Spisula subtruncata and Chamelea gallina have the highest density. Polititapes aureus and Ch. gallina have the highest biomass, to 84.7 g/m2 and 56.1 g/m2 respectively. In some places the biomass is determined by the presence of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Of Crustacea, Ampelisca diadema and Upogebia pusilla have the highest density as the latter forms the biomass as well. Characteristic species of the sandy-oozy ground are Actinothoe cla-vata, Lagis koreni, U. pusilla and many mollusks of the orders Caecum, Calyptraea, Cyclope, Nassarius, Lucinella, Spisula, Abra and Gouldia (Valkanov & Marinov, 1978; Nguen Suan Li, 1984; Marinov, 1990).

Mytilus silt. This zone begins to the north of Cape Kaliakra from the depth of 45 m and reaches the depth of about 70 m; at the Cape Emine – 80 m. The width of this zone varies from 2-3 miles to 10-15 miles. Ahead of Burgas Bay the zone is the widest and begins from the depth of 13-20 m. In the southern part of the Bulgarian coast (from Sozopol to Rezovo) this biocenosis begins very close to the shore. Typical for the Black Sea is a zone at a depth of 40 to 140 m, com-posed of Mytilus galloprovincialis (to about 70 m) and Modiolula phaseolina (from 70 to 140 m). Nowhere M. galloprovincialis reaches such quantity as in the Black Sea. In the southern half of the Bulgarian shelf the higher biomass is concentrated to 50 m isobath, while the northern half of it reaches 80 m isobath. Whenever the biomass is over 500 g/m2 it is caused by Mytilus galloprovincialis which is the main domi-nant. In front of Pomorie a biomass to 2694 g/m2 is established, in front of Tsarevo – 3354 g/m2, in front of Burgas – 4865 g/m2 and in front of Krapets – 5900 g/m2 (Kaneva-Abadjieva, 1962; Marinov, 1990; Marinov & Stoykov, 1995; Stoykov & Uzunova, 1999). The biomass of M. galloprovincialis shows 3 maximums, of which the maximum at 45 m depth is

the biggest. The species composition (over 100 spe-cies) is represented by eurybathic as well as typical for this depth species. This biocenosis is considered one of the richest in species and also ranks highest in biomass. Polychaeta is best presented, followed by Crustacea and Mollusca. Aglaophenia pluma, Sertularella polyzonias, Cerebratulus ventrosulcatus, Aricidea claudiae, Ciona intestinalis and Ascidiella aspersa are characteristic inhabitants of this bioceno-sis. Of mollusks, Spisula subtruncata, Abra alba and Polititapes aureus have a very high density. Biomass of the zoocenosis is formed mainly by the mollusks (94.3%). M. galloprovincialis alone gives 63.6% from the biomass. However, as a result of its patchy dis-tribution, the coefficient of permanency of this spe-cies is only 25.6%, followed by S. subtruncata with the coefficient of permanency 79.2% but with a twice less biomass. The average density is 666 ind/m2; the maximum one – 4185 ind/m2. The average biomass is 134.4 g/m2; the maximum one – 3817 g/m2. About 57.2% of the density is formed by Polychaeta as A. claudiae predominates (Valkanov & Marinov, 1978; Marinov, 1990; Konsulov & Konsulova, 1993, 1998; Konsulov, 1998).

Phaseolina silt. This zone extends from 60-65 m to 184 m of depth. In the southern region, due to the larger slope of the bottom, the zone is narrower. Modiolula phaseolina is a dominant species, with the coefficient of permanency from 22.2% (south of Kamchiya River) to 96.5% (in the north). The higher biomass (200-900 g/m2) below 60 m isobath is due to this species. In the south M. phaseolina is poorly represented, therefore the average biomass is often below 50 g/m2. Its density and biomass show many peaks, of which the density maximum (4963 ind/m2) is at 110-120 m of depth and the biomass maxi-mum (389 g/m2) – at 65 m (Kaneva-Abadjieva & Marinov, 1960b). Recently, this species was record-ed at the depth of 55 m in front of Cape Kaliakra, with a density up to 13040 ind/m2 and biomass up to 995.6 g/m2 (Marinov & Stoykov, 1995). The greater species diversity of this biocenosis (over 60 species) is up to 100 m depth. Below 150 m of depth occur only Sycon ciliatum, Actinothoe clava-ta, Pachycerianthus solitarius, Nephtys hobergii and Leptosynapta inchaerens (Marinov, 1990). The av-erage density is 853 ind/m2 and the maximum one is 5125 ind/m2. Mollusks comprise 81.7% of the density, and M. phaseolina alone, forms 79.9% of the total density. The average biomass is 44 g/m2 and the maximum one is 394 g/m2. The mollusks account for 86.5% of the whole biomass, and M. phaseolina alone, for 79.2% (Marinov, 1990). Of Gastropoda,

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 149

Trophon muricatus is the only representative. This conspicuous predator feeds on the mussels with thin-ner shells, such as M. phaseolina, Parvicardium exig-uum, Papillicardium papillosum, Spisula subtruncata, Abra alba and A. Prismatica. Characteristic of this biocenosis are Suberites carnosus, P. solitarius, L. in-chaerens, Amphiura stepanovi, etc. The mass species Terebellides stroemii and A. stepanovi are widely dis-tributed. (Valkanov & Marinov, 1978; Marinov, 1990; Konsulov, 1998).

Meiobenthos in the sublittoral zone. Nematoda, Polychaeta and Harpacticoida dominate on sand and silt bottoms from 5 to 150 m of depth. Cephalorhyncha, Chalacaridae, Cyclopoida are of-ten found; Oligochaeta and Ostracoda are rarely found. Over 100 species have been established as the most representatives have a low frequency of occur-rence. The total number is 164152 ind/m2 and the maximum number reaches up to 1181000 ind/m2. The density is formed mainly by Nematoda (77.5%); its maximum number reaches up to 1034000 ind/m2. The maximum number of Oligochaeta and Harpacticoida is 65000 and 102000 ind/m2 respec-tively. Ostracoda is rarely found; its number amounts to 1000-2000 ind/m2. Due to the spotty distribution of meiobenthos depth is not always determinative for the number that decreases below 35 m (Marinov, 1990; Konsulov, 1998).

Coastal basins. There are about 40 lakes, marshes and areas, flooded by rivers along the Bulgarian coast (Varbanov, 2002; Hristova, 2012; Table 1). Most common are firth lakes (blocked estuaries) and lagoon lakes (areas separated from the open sea). The presence of brackish elements is a special feature of their fauna. A “saline wedge” is formed at the lower parts of the rivers, which is situated below the fresh waters. In this “wedge” the bottom inhabitants are marine or brackish, whereas those in upper water layers are freshwater species. A specific fauna inhabits the lakes, firths and marshes along the coast. The marine brackish species en-dure water down to 1 ‰ salinity and the freshwater forms withstand water salinization from 1.5 ‰ to 8 ‰. Many euryhaline sea species also take part in the formation of the coastal basins’s fauna, which could vary from marine to freshwater, depending on the water salinity. Nineteen rivers enter the Bulgarian Black Sea (12 rivers enter the Black Sea and 8 rivers discharge into the coastal lakes). Their mouth areas have firth nature where oligo- or euryhaline forms are presented. It is therefore difficult the fauna of these rivers to be scrutinized separately from the coastal stagnant basins (Valkanov, 1935, 1936; Drensky,

1947; Petrbok, 1947; Kaneva-Abadjieva, 1957, 1976; Zaschev & Angelov, 1959; Mihailova-Neikova, 1961; Kaneva-Abadjieva & Marinov, 1967; Stoykov, 1979; Marinov, 1990; Trayanova, 2003, 2008).

The mass development of the mussel Dreissena polymorpha that reaches to 3-4 m depth and forms a ring around the shore is characteristic for the lakes Durankulak, Ezerets and Shabla. The Caspian rel-ict Hypania invalida has a high density (thousands ind/m2) and in the zone of D. polymorpha Ostracoda reaches 8595 ind/m2 (Cvetkov, 1958; Kaneva-Abadjieva & Marinov, 1967; Valkanov et al., 1978; Kovachev & Uzunov, 1981; Marinov, 1990; Naidenov, 1998; Stoichev, 1998; Kovachev et al., 1999, 2002; Petrova & Stoykov, 2002). Cordylophora caspia, many species of the families Corophiidae and Gammaridae, Astacus leptodactylus and Theodoxus fluviatilis are common species. In Shabla Lake the average biomass is about 19.4 g/m2 and the maxi-mum biomass reaches 842 g/m2. In Durankulak Lake the maximum biomass is 60 g/m2 (Valkanov et al., 1978). The lakes have been investigated recently as protected areas and have a rich fauna (from 101 to 137 species).

Fauna of the Beloslav Lake, before its transforming into port, was formed mainly by fresh-water Crustacea and Chironomidae larvae (Val-kanov, 1935, 1936, 1937; Cvetkov, 1955a, 1955b, 1957). In the Chironomidae complex haloxenes are presented but there is a lack of typical halophils and halobionts. The freshwater species are best represented in most crustaceans as there are brack-ish and marine forms. Ostracoda comprises a signif-icant percentage (15 species, or 35.7%). Copepoda includes more haloxenes and halobionts. All Am-phypoda, Mysida, Iera sarsi and Rhitropanopeus har-rissi are brackish forms. Cordilophora caspia, Leander adspersus, Astacus leptodactylus, Potamon ibericum, Theodoxus fluviatilis, Unio pictorum and Dreissena polymorpha occur. In quantitative terms Oligochaeta, Ostracoda and Chironomidae predominate (Cvetk-ov, 1957). After 1964-1966 the state of the lake got worse and it became to a chironomid type. Typical are periodic extinctions due to oxygen deficiency. In 1990-1991 the species composition is poor, there are lack of mollusks, dead zones and single species com-munities. After 2000 the species diversity increases, 5 mollusk species appear and there are no permanent dead zones (Trayanova, 2003, 2008).

After the connection of Varna Lake with the sea, the freshwater species disappeared there and the fauna was formed by euryhaline marine and brack-

150 Zdravko Hubenov

ish forms (Kaneva-Abadjieva, 1957). The following species dominate: Hydrobia ventrosa (up to 24520 ind/m2), Mytilaster lineatus (up to 37400 ind/m2 and 620 g/m2), Mytilus galloprovincialis (to 1837 ind/m2 and 6023 g/m2), Cerastoderma glaucum (to 968 ind/m2) and Abra segmentum (to 1177 ind/m2). The re-serves of M. galloprovincialis were estimated as ca. 5000 t and were of great economical importance. Mass overgrowths, causing problems of TPP Varna in the 70s, are Ficopomaticus enigmaticus, Amphibalanus improvisus and M. galloprovincialis. The maximum overgrowth reaches 39260 g/m2 for 3 months (Dimov et al., 1970). In the last decades, the lake underwent profound transformations and its fauna changed (Marinov, 1990; Konsulov & Konsulova, 1993, 1998). In the 50s crustaceans and mollusks prevail. In the 90s the number of mollusks decreased, where-as Polychaeta increased and dominated in numbers (70.6%). In recent years, the number of species is increased (especially in crustaceans). An increase in numbers (from 5787 ind/m2 to 18841 ind/m2) and a shift of Polychaeta (38%) by Crustacea (50.9%) was established. The biomass is formed mainly by mol-lusks (58.7%) and crustaceans (39.0%) (Trayanova, 2003, 2008; Tododrova et al, 2008b).

The halobionts Artemia parthenogenetica and A. salina are typical for the hyper-saline lagoon lakes Pomorie and Atanasovsko [salinity from 30-60‰ to 100-250‰ (Ivanov et al., 1964)]. Of marine forms, H. ventrosa, Nassarius reticulatus, C. glaucum and A. segmentum are presented. The density and bio-mass of Cyprideis torosa reach 312532 ind/m2 and 37.1 g/m2; of C. glaucum – 3234 ind/m2 (maximum to 134376 ind/m2) and 338.7 g/m2 (Cvetkov, 1958). The number of Acartia clausi in the Pomorie Lake reaches 130000 ind/m3 (Vassilev, 1994). The lakes are protected areas, recently explored in connection with the plans of their management (Michev, 1997, 2003; Georgiev & Nikolov, 2010; Pechlivanov, 2010; Varadinova et al., 2010). In these lakes specific rich fauna is stored (106-113 species).

In Burgas Lake, A. segmentum in 1954 reached average density 5544 ind/m2 and biomass 790 g/m2; its total biomass was estimated as 16957 t (Zaschev & Angelov, 1959). The average density of H. vent-rosa during the same period was 3256 ind/m2, bio-mass – 10.4 g/m2 and the total biomass – 216 t. For C. glaucum these data are, respectively: 1840 ind/m2, 201.8 g/m2 and 3081 t. Later, because the salin-ity decreased from 11‰ to 0.7-1.9‰ these mol-lusks completely disappeared and currently no living specimens have been found (Pandourski, 2001). The density of the following crustaceans was high:

Crassicorophium crassicorne (10806 ind/m2 – 31.1 g/m2) and Gamarus subtypicus (748 ind/m2 – 3.7 g/m2), with total biomass 549 t and 41.1 t respectively (Kaneva-Abadjieva & Marinov, 1967; Kaneva-Abadjieva, 1976; Stoykov, 1979). Nowadays 93% of the total biomass of the zoobenthos (16.6 g/m2) is formed by Chironomidae larvae (Valkanov et al., 1978).

In Mandra Lake, before the dam construction, many marine forms (Hediste diversicolor, Corophium volutator, Palaemon adspersus, Upogebia pusilla, Liocarcinus vernalis, H. ventrosa, C. glaucum and A. segmentum) have been recorded, which can be found now in the lakes Uzungeren and Poda, remaining outside of the dam (Valkanov, 1936; Mihailova-Neikova, 1961; Kaneva-Abadjieva & Marinov, 1967; Kaneva-Abadjieva, 1976). Over 100 species benthos forms have been found, which average bi-omass is 14 g/m2 (57.5% Chironomidae). After the dam construction, the zoobenthos (11.8 g/m2) is formed mainly by Oligochaeta and Chironomidae (60%). Changes in biomass (2.4-4.2 g/m2 to 10.7-15.7 g/m2) and a dominance of Chironomidae larvae are observed (Kaneva-Abadjieva, 1976; Stoykov, 1979).

The firth of Ropotamo River is well-stud-ied and over 100 species have been established there (Valkanov, 1934, 1935, 1936; Cvetkov & Gruncharova, 1976, 1979; Gruncharova, 1977). It is abundant in the invasive forms Ficopomaticus enigmaticus (up to 18400 ind/dm2 – 360 g/dm2), Amphibalanus eburneus and Rhithropanopeus harrisii. The following species are often found: Blackfordia virginica, Cordylophora caspia, some Chironomidae larvae, Palaemon adspersus, Hydrobia acuta, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Mytilaster lineatus, Cerastoderma glaucum, Abra segmentum, Barentsia benedeni (to 8000 zooids/dm2) and many Bryozoa.

In the firth of Veleka River, Dreissena poly-morpha covers the shells of Anodonta cygnaea, Pseudanodonta complanata and Unio pictorum. A significant number have the populations of Astacus leptodactilus, Potamon ibercum and T. fluviatilis (of-ten and P. planorbis); of the marine forms H. vent-rosa, C. glaucum and A. segmentum are presented.

Some coastal basins were explored compara-tively long ago and the investigations do not reflect the recent condition of their fauna (Shabla Tuzla, Nanevska Tuzla, Balchishka Tuzla, Batovsko Swamp, Nesebarsko Swamp, the swamps Alepu, Arkutino, Stomoplo and Dyavolsko, the firths of the rivers Batova, Kamchiya, Dvoynitsa, Dyavolska, Karaagach, Veleka, Silistar and Rezovska). Furthermore, the

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 151

coast is exposed to strong anthropogenic presence and changes that reqiure a continuous update of the information.

Alien immigrants. The penetration of alien species through ballast waters and/or as fouling or-ganisms on ship hulls is one of the greatest threats for the world’s oceans. The assessment whether a certain species is invasive and harmful to the Black Sea ecosystem is complex. During a certain point of time the species may be harmful and subsequently to get a positive effect – food base for other species, an

element for increasing the diversity or resource. Lists of species, introduced in the Black Sea, have been published by several authors (Cvetkov & Marinov, 1986; Gomoiu & Scolka, 1996; Konsulov, 1998; Shadrin, 2000; Zaitsev & Öztürk, 2001; Gomoiu et al., 2002; Moncheva & Kamburska, 2002; Kamburska & Moncheva, 2003; Zaitsev et al., 2004; Konsulova & Stefanova, 2007). Thirty-one invertebrate species are known from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, occurring at different times (Table 7). The most significant changes in the Black Sea

Table 7. Alien invertebrate animals, recorded from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast (Note. The years in brackets show finding of the species in Bulgaria, * – invasive species)

Taxa year of introduction or finding Donor region

CoelenterataBlackfordia virginica Mayer, 1910 1925 (1935) North Atlantic and North AmericaGarveia franciscana (Torrey, 1902) 1933 (1933) North Atlantic and North AmericaRathkea octopunctata (Sars, 1835) (1957) Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean SeaDiadumene lineata (Verrill, 1869) (1960) Northwest Pacific Ocean

Ctenophora*Mnemiopsis leidyi Agassiz, 1865 1982 (1986) Western Atlantic Ocean*Beroe ovata Bruguière, 1789 1997 (1997) North Atlantic OceanBolinopsis vitrea (L. Agassiz, 1860) 2010 (2010) Tropical and Subtropical

Annelida: Polychaeta*Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923) 1929 (1935) Indian OceanHesionides arenaria Friedrich, 1937 1950-те (1954) Pacific Ocean or Atlantic OceanStreblospio shrubsolii (Buchanan, 1890) 1957 (1957) North Atlantic OceanStreptosyllis varians Webster & Benedict, 1887 1966 (1966) North Atlantic or Pacific Ocean*Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 2005 (2008) North and West Atlantic Ocean*Dipolydora quadrilobata (Jacobi, 1883) (1990) Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean

Arthropoda: CrustaceaAcartia tonsa Dana, 1849 1976 (2000) Indian Ocean and Pacific OceanOithona davisae Ferrari F. D. & Orsi, 1984 2001 (2009) Northwest Pacific OceanTriconia minuta (Giesbrecht, 1893 [1892]) (2000) Indian Ocean and Pacific OceanAmphibalanus eburneus Gould, 1841 1892 (1933) North America* Amphibalanus improvisus Darwin, 1854 1844 (1912) North AmericaPalaemon macrodactylus Rathbun, 1902 (2009) Pacific Ocean and Souteast AsiaRhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841) 1937 (1934, 1953) North AmericaCallinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 1967 (1968) North Atlantic OceanEriocheir sinensis (H. Milne Edwards, 1854) 2006 (2005) East and Southeast Asia

MolluscaPotamopyrgus antipodarium (J. E. Gray, 1843) 1952 (2008) coast of New Zeland*Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) 1946 (1956) Sea of JapanNeptunea arthritica (Valenciennes, 1858) (2000) Indian Ocean and Pacific OceanCorambe obscura (Verrill, 1870) 1980 (1986) North Atlantic OceanFerrissia fragilis (Tryon, 1862 (1983) North AmericaPhysella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) (1927) North America*Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906) 1982 (1984) Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean*Mya arenaria Linnaeus, 1758 1966 (1973) CircumborealTeredo navalis Linnaeus, 1758 750-500 B.C. Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean

152 Zdravko Hubenov

communities are caused by 5 species, introduced in the last 60 years – Mnemiopsis leidyi, Beroe ovata, Rapana venosa, Anadara kagoshimensis and Mya arenaria (Cvetkov & Marinov, 1986; Marinov, 1990; Konsulova & Stefanova, 2007; Todorova & Moncheva, 2013).

The introduction of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Black and Azov Seas in the 1980s caused the decline of anchovies’ and sprat’ stocks, estimated at 200 millions USD per year (Zaitzev & Mamaev, 1997). This species becomes a determinative factor for the development of zooplankton and indicator of the pelagic community. M. leidyi is a self-fertile hermaphrodite with broad food spectrum (from mi-crozooplankton to crustaceans, eggs and fish larvae) and a high tolerance to temperature and salinity. It is reproductively mature 12 days after hatching and produces over 2000-3000 eggs. In the 80s M. leidyi caused a drop in pelagic fish reserves, by competing for the same food resources. A maximum number of M. leidyi (450 ind/m3) was recorded in Varna Lake in 1986 (Konsulov, 1986; Konsulov & Konsulova, 1993, 1998; Kamburska, 2004). After 2000 the number of M. leidyi decreases, affected by the preda-tory pressure from B. ovata.

Beroe ovata is known to feed on planktivorous ctenophores and, in particular, on M. leidyi. There is a trophic type predator-prey relationship between B. ovata and M. leidyi. The development of B. ovata depends on the seasons; the species occurs mostly in summer and autumn. Its reproductive potential is closed to the potential of M. leidyi. The dynamics of B. ovata, its seasonal and annual variations, develop-ment and survival depend on M. leidyi (Konsulov & Kamburska, 1998). Like M. leidyi, this species was transported in ships ballast waters from the Northwest Atlantic. The arrival of B. ovata appears to have stabilized the Black Sea ecosystem, leading to a reduction in M. leidyi populations and subsequent recovery of plankton and fish populations.

The first specimen of Rapana venosa in the Bulgarian aquatory was found in 1956 in Varna Bay, near Cape Galata (Kaneva-Abadjieva, 1958). Development of this snail in the rocky sublittoral has a substantial impact on Mytilus and Ostrea, and in the sand sublittoral – on Chamelea gallina. The great eurybiontness, high fecundity and lack of com-petitors allowed this predator to reach mass devel-opment in the Black Sea and aroused discussion for eventual measures for a struggle with it. In a single trawling, up to 1500 specimens have been caught, and in some regions between Balchik and Kavarna the entire bottom was covered with Rapa whelks.

Very high numbers was observed in Byala, in the re-gion of Cape Cherni Nos (Klissurov, 2008). During the last 20 years, the snail was gathering for food with all possible means. After conquest of the Black Sea the species penetrated the Aegean, Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas, Atlantic coast of France, North Sea, East coast of USA, the mouth of the Rio de la Plata River between Uruguay and Argentina and around New Zealand. The way how the species was transported in the Black Sea is unclear. R. venosa is an eurythermal and euryhaline species that develops in the coastal zone on solid substrate and sandy and silty bottom at a depth to 30-40 m. The snail with-stands temperature changes (from 0 to 30оС), water pollution and reduced oxygen content. There is a huge fertility (a snail delayed approximately 220000 eggs) which compensates its exploitation by man. It lives about 10 years. There are no precise data on the population of Rapa on the Bulgarian coast (Konsulov & Konsulova, 1993, 1998; Konsulov, 1998).

Mya arenaria has been first reported for the Bulgarian coast in the Bay of Burgas in 1973 (Kaneva-Abadjieva, 1974). The mussel inhabits the sandy sublittoral and reaches the wash zone. It has a high ecological plasticity and easy endures variations of the salinity and temperature, and oxygen deficiency. It reaches a high density (over 300-400 to 4862 spec-imens/m2) in the bays in front of the river mouths. M. arenaria is found along the beaches all over the Bulgarian coast but the greatest number of it occurs in front of Durankulak and Albena, in the Varna Bay, Varna Lake, at the influx of the Kamchiya River and Burgas Bay (Stoykov, 1983; Cvetkov & Marinov, 1986; Marinov, 1990). Spawning by eggs thrown straight into the water during the summer months (rarely re-spawning in autumn). From fertilized eggs planktonic larvae develop which 5-6 days after egg hatching convert to mussels. In the 1970s, this mussel is a dominant species in the Romanian coastal zone as 4-5 years after its appearance reaches biomass 16 kg/m2 and numbers more than 8000 ind/m2 (Gomoiu & Porumb, 1969). In many areas of the Black Sea shelf M. arenaria is a dominant species in new zoocenosis, called her name.

The first specimens of Anadara kagoshimensis for the Bulgarian coast were found in 1982 in Varna Bay (Marinov et al., 1983; Kaneva-Abadjieva & Marinov, 1984). Much later, a high density of the species has been found in Burgas Bay (up to 400 specimens/m2 and biomass 4280 g/m2). This mussel is a eurythermal and euryhaline species that endures very low oxygen concentrations in the water due to

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 153

Table 8. Conservation status of invertebrare animals of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast

TaxaBlack Sea Red Data

Book

Ecological data,Bulgarian Red Data Book, IUCN and

European category

Distribution (area and depth)

Halichondria panicea (Pallas, 1766) VU M, bt, eb, lt K, 2-65Odessia maeotica (Ostroumoff, 1896) VU M-B, 25‰, bt-p lm, ? RcHesionides arenaria Friedrich, 1937 EN, VU M, bt, sep, sls, ps, gw aminwp, 0-10Ophelia bicornis Savigny, 1918 EN M, bt, sep, l-sl, ps bam, 0.5-1.5Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820 L, bt, ph, 10‰, ▲-VU (cse)Halacarellus procerus (Viets, 1927) EN M-B, bt, l-sl, ps, gw bamBranchinella spinosa (H. Milne Edwards, 1840) EN B-M, 30‰, p lm, (atm)Centropages ponticus Karavaev, 1895 EN M, p mrsAnomalocera patersoni Templeton, 1837 EN M, p, et amipLabidocera brunescens (Czerniavsky, 1868) EN M, p, eh, th lmmPontella mediterranea (Claus, 1863) EN M, p lmmOithona minuta (Krichagin, 1877; Scott, 1894) EN M-B-L, p, eh amip, 20Hemimysis anomala G. O. Sars, 1907 EN B-L, bt, ep, lt pc, clm, (h), -20Chaetogammarus ischnus (Stebbing, 1899) VU M-B, eh, sep, ro, l-sl pc, cpc, RcDikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) VU B-L, bt, ep, ro, ph pc, cpc, Rc, (ean)Iphigenella andrussowi (G. O. Sars, 1896) LR B-L, bt, ep, ps, ps-s pc, RcShablogammarus shablensis (Carausu, 1943) VU B-L, bt, ep, ps, ps-s pc, RcApseudopsis ostroumovi Bacescu & Carausu, 1947 LR M, bt, sg, ms, phs p, 27, -100 Upogebia pusilla (Petagna, 1792) EN M, bt, ep (p), ps-pe clmm, -22Diogenes pugilator (Roux,1829) EN M, bt, mb, ps, sg eam, ? eami, 0-40Carcinus aestuarii Nardo, 1847 VU M, bt, ps, zc, ro, r lm, ? amp, 0-70Liocarcinus navigator (Herbst, 1794) VU M, bt, eb, ps, sg, s acem, 3-80Eriphia verrucosa (Forskål, 1775) EN M, bt, ep, sp-l-sl, lt, ▲-VU lmm, ?lmmg, 0-30Pilumnus hirtellus (Linnaeus, 1761) VU M, bt, mb, ph, mc, lt clmm, 0-40Xantho poressa (Olivi, 1792) VU M, bt, eb, ro lmm, 1-15, 100Potamon ibericum (Bieberstein, 1808) DD, EN L, eu (nmwca)Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787) VU M, bt, sep, spr-slr, lt cmm, 0-7Calopteryx splendens (Harris, 1782) LR, VU L-TL, ♦-LC (wcp)Calopteryx virgo (Linnaeus, 1758) VU L-TL, ♦-LC (tp)

Epallage fatime (Charpentier, 1840) NE, DD, VU L-TL, ▲-VU, ♦-NT (om)

Lestes viridis (Vander Linden, 1825) L-TL, ▲-VU, ♦-LC (wp)

Anax imperator Leach, 1815 NE, DD, VU L-TL, ♦-LC (wppt)

Sympetrum depressiusculum (Sélys, 1841) L-TL, ▲-VU, ♦-VU (tp)Sympetrum vulgatum (Linnaeus, 1758) L-TL, ▲-VU, ♦-LC (ewca)Patella ulyssiponensis Gmelin, 1791 EN M, bt, sep, lt-ro, l-sl, r clm, 0-10Theodoxus pallasi Lindcholm, 1924 M-B, eh-14‰, ro, ▲-EX pc, Rc, Sf, +, 4-10Hauffenia lucidula Angelov, 1967 L, bt, cr, 1‰, ▲-CR, ♦-CR (El)Valvata cristata O. F. Müller, 1774 L, 0.5‰, bt, ph, s, r, ♦-LC (wes)Valvata piscinalis (O. F. Müller, 1774) L, 0.4‰, bt, sw, ph, pe, x, ♦-LC (wcp, i - h), 3, 80Hydrobia acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) B-M, 60‰, bt, ep, sw, ph, ro, s, ♦-LC lm, ? hm, 0-22Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758) L, bt, ph, ro, s, ps, ♦-LC (wp, ? h - i), 5Turricaspia lincta (Milaschewitch, 1908) M-B, 8‰, bt, s, sw, ♦-LC pc, Rc, Sf, +, -148Acroloxus lacustris (Linnaeus, 1758) L, bt, ph, sw, ♦-LC (wes, ? hoes)Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) L, 7‰, bt, ph, pe, ♦-LC (h), 0-4Stagnicola corvus (Gmelin, 1791) L, bt, sw, ph, ♦-LC (hop, ? e), 0-50Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758) L, 6‰, bt, ph, rh, s, ♦-LC (h, ? hop), 0.2-25

154 Zdravko Hubenov

the presence of hemoglobin in the haemolimph. It has a long life cycle and low coefficient of mortality. In a short time, A. kagoshimensis became a significant element of psammo- and pelophilous zoocenoses, and started to displace some local species. Thus the „Chamelea gallina” group in front of Balchik, Varna and Burgas transforms into „A. kagoshimensis” group. The distribution of this species in the Bulgarian part of the Black Sea is restricted from Balchik to the south part of Burgas Bay (Cvetkov & Marinov, 1986; Marinov, 1990; Konsulov, 1998).

Resource species and overgrowers. In 1978 a decline in the population of Mytilus gallo-provincialis was found although the harvesting was gradually halted. The main reasons for mass mor-talities appear to have been the eutrophication and destruction of natural mussel fields by trawling and predatory pressure from Rapana venosa. A decrease in predatory pressure in deeper waters and stopping of trawling has resulted in a progressive restora-tion of mussel resources. In 1990s, the commercial farming of M. galloprovincialis on artificial substra-ta was mostly near the town of Sozopol, where the harvest had reached 150 tons per year (Konsulov & Konsulova, 1993, 1998; Konsulov, 1998). In 2009, the harvest reached 812 t. Today the number of mussel farms is 17; the farm near Kavarna alone has the capacity of 2000 t per year. Industrial catch

of Rapana venosa in Bulgaria began in 1991 when to 500 t of meat were exported. In the following years the catch increased and during 1992-1994 period was about 27000 t (weight with shells). The maximum was reached in 2004 (1195 t meat of Rapa), then a decrement of catches was observed (Konsulova & Stefanova, 2007). According to Ministry of Agriculture and Food, in 2012 the harvest reached 3100 t, and the export of Rapa meat is 1000-1500 t. There is an interest in the populations of Mya are-naria and Chamelea gallina but it is not clear how much their exploitation is realized. The foreign in-terest in these mussels is great.

Essential roles as overgrowers along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast have Ficopomaticus enig-maticus, Amphibalanus improvisus and Mytilus gal-loprovincialis (Marinov, 1990). These species cause problems to port facilities, craft and TPP Varna (Dimov et al., 1970). Surveys conducted in the old channel connecting Varna Lake with the sea show that for six months A. eburneus and M. galoprovincia-lis give 8205 g/m2 (Kaneva-Abadjieva & Marinov, 1965, 1977). In spring the biomass reaches 3357.5 g/m2 and is composed mostly by A. improvisus and M. galoprovincialis. In summer the total biomass reaches 17504 g/m2 and is composed mainly by F. enigmaticus and A. improvisus. For a year, the total overgrowth (and other overgrowers as well) can reach 84 kg/m2

TaxaBlack Sea Red Data

Book

Ecological data,Bulgarian Red Data Book, IUCN and

European category

Distribution (area and depth)

Radix balthica (Linnaeus, 1758) L, 3-10‰, bt, ph, eu, ♦-LC (hop)Ferrissia fragilis (Tryon, 1862 L, bt, eu, th, ph, r, is, ♦-DD (h, sk - i), 0-8Planorbis carinatus O. F. Müller, 1774 L, bt, sw, ph, pe, r, ♦-LC (wes, ? h), -10, -18Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758) L, bt, 2‰, sw, ph, pe, ♦-LC (h)Anisus septemgyratus (Rossmaessler, 1835) L, 8‰, sw, ph, α-β, r, ♦-LC (wes, ? e)Anisus vortex (Linnaeus, 1758) L, bt, 8‰, ph, α-β, r, ♦-LC (wces)Anisus vorticulus (Troschel, 1834) L, bt, pe, ph, rh, sw, r, ♦-NT, HD (wces, ? wes)Gyraulus crista (Linnaeus, 1758) L, 1.5‰, eu, ph, α-β, ♦-LC (h)Hippeutis complanatus (Linnaeus, 1758) L, bt, ph, s-ar, sw, α, r, ♦-LC (wces, ? wcp)Segmentina nitida (O. F. Müller, 1774 L, bt, sw, ph, α-β, ♦-LC (wcp)Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus, 1758) L, 5‰, sw, po, α-β, ♦-LC (wces), -9Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) L, bt, pe, tx, α-β, is, ♦-LC (na, sk - i)Physa fontinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) L, bt, sw, po, ph, β, r, ♦-LC (tp, ? h)Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758 EN, VU M, bt, sep, ro anamnep, i, 7-65Donacilla cornea (Poli, 1795) EN M, bt, sep, ps lm, 0.2, -2Solen marginatus Pulteney, 1799 EN M, bt, sep, ps clmm, 0-10Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758 M, bt, sep, lt, BA, BC eamrs, amrs, -15Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Pallas, 1774) VU M, bt, ep, ps amip, 17, 21

Table 8. Continued

Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian... 155

(Marinov, 1990). The total biomass of the overgrow-ers in the region of TPP Varna in June reaches 6480 g/m2; in August the overgrowth is mainly of F. enig-maticus. The number of attached specimens of this species reaches 3000000 ind/m2 for 15 days (Dimov et al., 1970). In 2 months the overgrowth by F. enig-maticus exceeds a thickness of 15 cm. In the 90s, the species mass developed in the Varna Bay.

The first reported problems with Dreissena polymorpha in the country is related to the glass factory, located by the canal between Beloslavsko Lake and Varna Lake (Russev, 1965). Since 90 years the mussel invades freshwater basins inside the country and now is presented almost in all river systems (Trichkova et al., 2009). There are prob-lems in TPP Maritsa Iztok 2 where losses of several million leva are registered. Temperature conditions in Ovcharitsa dam created by this plant are opti-mum for the mussel development which reaches from 300000 to 500000 ind/m2.

Conservation significanse of the fauna. A total of 35 species from the Bulgarian Black Sea invertebrates are included in the Black Sea Red Data Book (1 of Porifera, 1 of Cnidaria, 2 of Annelida, 26 of Arthropoda, 4 of Mollusca and 1 of Chordata); of which 7 are included in the European Red List as well (Table 8). Pholas dactylus is included in the interna-tional conventions for European and Mediterranean fauna. There are differences in the levels of threat of the species in the separate Black Sea countries (Dumont et al. 1999). Most species (34 species) belong to the categories endangered (EN) and vul-nerable (VU). Five species have a Pontian-Caspian distribution, the Caspian relicts also are 5 species and Apseudopsis ostroumovi is a Black Sea (Pontian) endemic. Most often the species are widely distrib-uted as Halichondria panicea is a Cosmopolitan spe-

cies. Some taxa, included in the Black Sea Red Data Book, have stable populations along the Bulgarian coast and are not threatened at this stage. Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria includes 8 species invertebrate animals from the Bulgarian Black Sea (Hirudo verbana, Eriphia verrucosa, Epallage fatime, Lestes viridis, Sympetrum depressiusculum, S. vul-gatum, Theodoxus pallasi and Hauffenia lucidula). The species T. pallasi – Pontian-Caspian brackish relict species, is accepted as extincted. The species Carcinus aestuarii and Pholas dactylus which are ex-ceptionally rare recently are not included. Twenty species of freshwater Gastropoda with Eurosiberian, Palaearctic or Holarctic distribution, included in the European Red List and IUCN Red List are known from the coastal brackish basins (Table 8). These in-clude the North American invasive species Physella acuta and Ferrissia fragilis, which until recently were considered European forms. The snail Turricaspia lincta, a Caspian subfossil relict, established only by shells, has a Pontian-Caspian area. A total of 118 Black Sea endemic forms have been found along the Bulgarian coast, of which 12 species are accepted as regional endemics (Table 2). The local endemics are an exception in the marine forms and usually are newly described taxa with unclear distribution. A to-tal of 98 rare species and 41 Caspian relict forms have been established. The number of rare species depends on the level of study of the respective groups. Some relitcts are eurybiontic invasive forms with second-ary anthropogenic areas.

In Bulgaria the Kaliakra Reserve and protected area Sand Bank Koketrays are marine protected ar-eas. These include 0.2% of the territorial waters of Bulgaria, 0.1% of the shelf zone to 100 m depth and 0.2% of the protected areas of the country (Todorova et al., 2008a).

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Received: 19.03.2014

Author’s address:Zdravko Hubenov, National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tsar Osvoboditel 1, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria, e-mail: zhubenov@nmnhs.com

168 Zdravko Hubenov

Видов състав на свободно живеещите многоклетъчни безгръбначни животни (Metazoa: Invertebrata)

от българския сектор на Черно море и крайбрежните бракични водоеми

Здравко ХубЕноВ

(Резюме)

От българското Черноморие са известни 19 типа, 39 класа, 123 разреда, 470 семейства и 1537 вида. Те включват 1054 вида (68.6%) морски и морско-бракични форми и 508 вида (33.0%) слад-ководно-бракични, сладководни и сухоземни форми, свързани с водата. Високо видово богатство (над 100 вида) имат 5 типа (Nematoda, Rotifera, Annelida, Arthropoda и Mollusca). Най-много видове включват Arthropoda (802 вида – 52.2%), Annelida (173 вида – 11.2%) и Mollusca (152 вида – 9.9%). Останалите 14 типа съдържат от 1 до 38 вида. Има няколко добре проучени райони (известни над 200 вида). На първо място са околностите на Варна (601 вида), където изследванията продължават над 100 години. Акваторията на градовете Несебър, Поморие, Бургас и Созопол (от 220 до 274 вида) и районът на нос Калиакра (230 вида) са добре проучени. От крайморските водоеми най-изследвани (известни към 100 вида) са езерата Дуранкулашко, Езерецко-Шабленско, Белославско, Варненско, Поморийско, Атанасовско, Бургаско, Мандренско и лиманът на р. Ропотамо. Вертикалното разпрос-транение е анализирано при 800 вида (75.9%) – морски и морско-бракични форми. Най-много видо-ве са намерени от 0 до 25 m на пясъчно (396 вида) и скално (257 вида) дъно. Представени са групите на стенохипо- (52 вида – 6.5%), стеноепи- (465 вида – 58.1%), мезо- (115 вида – 14.4%) и еврибатите (168 вида – 21.0%). Морските и морско-бракичните форми са разпределени в 162 зоогеографски ка-тегории, обединени в 4 основни групи и 16 подгрупи. Основната част от черноморската фауна има атланто-медитерански произход и представлява обеднена атланто-медитеранска фауна (740 вида – 70.2%). Представени са космополитни, атлантоиндийски, атлантопацифични, ендемични и каспий-ски реликтни форми. От черноморските ендемити (118 вида – 11.2%) преобладават бентосни (115 вида – 97.5%) и морски (114 вида – 96.6%) форми. Бракичните ендемити (11 вида – 9.3%) най-често са каспийски реликти. Основната част от каспийските реликти (41 вида – 3.9%) са бентосни бракични форми (38 вида – 92.7%). Сладководно-бракичните, сладководните и сухоземните форми, свързани с водата, са разпределени в 80 зоогеографски категории, обединени в 3 групи и 5 подгрупи. Типично за крайбрежието е преобладаването на видове, разпространени в Палеарктика и извън нея (296 вида – 58.3%). Представени са видове, разпространени само в Палеарктика, но в повече от една подобласт (79 вида – 15.5%) и видове, разпространени в една палеарктична подобласт (126 вида – 24.8%) – ев-росибирски (55 вида – 10.8%) и медитерански (71 вида – 13.9%). Направена е кратка характеристика на планктонните и бентосните ценози и са разгледани някои крайморски водоеми. Отделено е вни-мание на инвазивните имигранти, които са променили черноморските съобщества през последните 60 години. Разгледани са видовете с икономическо и консервационно значение.