specialized vocational training centres project (skills'10)

Skills’10 Project Specialized Vocational Training Centers

Project (UMEM Beceri’10)

Prof. Dr. Serdar Sayan TOBB University of Economics and Technology

Director, Center for Social Policy Research

TOBB, Ankara

11 January 2012

Framework

• Skills development for economic development

• Unskilled workforce as a major problem in Turkey

• Important role for the private sector

• UMEM Skills’10 Project

• Relevance to Other Countries

• Conclusions

Serdar SAYAN

Skills Development






• Conclusions

Serdar SAYAN

Skills Development

• Improvement of the vocational education system:

– improves human capital and productivity

– reduces skills mismatches in the labor market

– increases competitiveness of the economy

– reduces unemployment and poverty

– promotes economic growth

Serdar SAYAN

Unskilled Workforce in Turkey






• Conclusions

Serdar SAYAN

Unskilled Workforce in Turkey

• 3.4 million unemployed people in December 2008 (14% of the workforce) – As of September 2011, 2.4 million people are unemployed (8.8%

of the workforce)

• Skills mismatch due to low-skilled work force – One of the main reasons behind unemployment

– Firms have difficulties in hiring qualified staff

• The global financial crisis exacerbated the situation – Mostly unskilled people lost their jobs

Serdar SAYAN

Role of the Private Sector






• Conclusions

Serdar SAYAN

Role of the Private Sector

• Two sides of the unemployment problem

– Unemployed people do not satisfy the requirements of firms, due to their low skills.

– Although there are vacancies, firms can not find qualified candidates in the labor market.

• The private sector organizations can contribute to reduce these mismatches

– Taking an active role in the vocational training system

– Serving as a mediator between firms and job seekers

Serdar SAYAN

UMEM Skills’10






• Conclusions

Serdar SAYAN

UMEM Skills’10

• A unique example of Public-Private-University Partnership

• Local Labor Market Analyses are being conducted for the first time in Turkey

• In the new design, private sector is located at the center of the Vocational Training system through the Chambers of Industry and Commerce

• Courses for the unemployed are designed according to the requirements of the private sector, to increase their employment opportunities.

Why Skills’10 is Different?

Serdar SAYAN

• Firms get involved in the creation of the course curriculum

• Firms can choose the trainees they want to employ

• Firms’ own foremen can act as trainers in the courses

• Firms can observe trainees during the whole process

• Firms can provide in-house trainings

Serdar SAYAN

UMEM Skills’10 Flexible Project

UMEM Skills’10

• Strengthening the Infrastructure – Renewal of the equipment, Revision of the curricula, Training of

the trainers

• Labor Market Needs Analysis – 19 cities selected as pilot, Capacity building for the remaining

cities

• Matching the trainees with the firms – Selection of the trainees, Matching the trainees with the firms

• Implementation of the courses – Internships provided for successful trainees, Job placement for

successful interns

UMEM Skills’10 Activities

Serdar SAYAN

UMEM Skills’10 Process

Needs Analysis

Matching trainees and firms

Theoretical and Practical Training

Job Placement

Infrastructure

Supply of skilled labor (applicants for

training courses)

Demand for skilled labor

Serdar SAYAN

Course identification according to the demands and curriculum revision

Course announcements and application collection

Determination of the trainees according to the interviews

Initialization of the courses – max. 3 months and Evaluation of the courses

Initialization of the internships – max. 3 months (in the factories – full time)

Evaluation of the internships (will be evaluated by the employer)

Employment of the Successful Trainees

Serdar SAYAN

UMEM Skills’10 Process in Detail

UMEM Skills’10 Incentives to Promote the Project • Theoretical and practical training period

‒ Daily 15 TL, monthly 360 TL allowance ‒ Public health insurance

• When successful trainees are employed ‒ employer’s insurance contribution is paid by government for up to 4.5

years

Female /30 yr old or younger Male

Employee 30+ Male Employee

Has vocational competence certificate 4,5 years 3,5 years

Does not have vocational competence certificate 3,5 years 2,5 years

Serdar SAYAN

UMEM Skills’10

• In all 81 cities, 100 million TL (app. 57 million USD*) is invested on the infrastructure of 140 vocational high schools.

• Local Course Administration councils were established • The instructors of these schools have been trained to train

the unemployed. • In 19 provinces that constitute 80% of the work force,

Labor Market Needs Analyses are performed. • 5,000 firms are surveyed, their requirements concerning

their employees and vacant positions are detected.

Achievements-1

Serdar SAYAN

*Expenditure is converted into dollars using the average annual exchange rate for 2011 which is published by CBRT

UMEM Skills’10

• In 5,000 firms, the demand for intern positions are also identified. • Analysis results were shared with public by meetings in 19

provinces. Problems of labor market were discussed with industrial employers of 19 provinces.

• Central Information System studies have been completed. The labor demands are collected through this system. (www.beceri.org.tr)

• Advertisement activities (posters, brochures, TV programmes, etc.) • A 7/24 call center was established in order to respond to

informational inquiries. Result: Successful trainees are getting their certificates.

Achievements-2

Serdar SAYAN

UMEM Skills’10

“Course management” structure:

– Empowering local stakeholders

• Retrieving the labor market information

• Deciding the courses to be opened

• Modifying curricula according to local needs

• Selecting suitable candidates for the courses

• Quality assurance for the courses

• Matching local unemployed with local firms

– Forcing them to work together

• Local MoNE representative

• Local İŞKUR representative

• Local Chamber representative

New Governance Mechanism

Serdar SAYAN

UMEM Skills’10

As of 10.01.2012;

• 1,987 courses have been opened for 29,247 trainees. – At the moment 5,531 people are being trained.

– 1,434 courses have been completed, 17,842 people graduated.

– The successful people are being employed.

• 4,740 firms have demanded 50,608 interns so far.

• 35,001 unemployed people applied to these courses.

Current Situation

Source: Skills’10 Administration System Serdar SAYAN

Aged 16-24 49%

Aged 25-34 39%

35-44 11%

45+ 1%

Female 19%

Male 81%

Primary Education

47% Secondary Education

41%

Higher Education

12%

Profile of the Course Participants

UMEM Skills’10

Serdar SAYAN Source: Skills’10 Administration System

Occupation Demand for Interns (persons)

Sewing Machine Operator 764 Gas Metal Arc Welder 376 Sewing Machine Operator (fabric) 337

Weaving Machine Operator 314

Confection Worker 303 CNC Operator 278 Thread Maker (Ring/Vater/Vargel) 276 Quality Controller (Textile) 273 Welder (Oxygen and Electricity) 233 Presser 231

Plastics Injection and Molding Machine Operator 219

Other Sewer and Embroiderer 212 Mechanical Maintenance-Repairer 201 Lathe Operator 201 Overlock Machine Operator 197 Pirn Folding/Bending Machine Operator 192

Most Demanded Occupations by Firms

UMEM Skills’10


Most Demanded Occupations in Provinces

UMEM Skills’10


Relevance to Others






• Conclusions

Serdar SAYAN

Relevance to Others

• How do countries perform in terms of labor market efficiency?

• What is the demographic structure?

• What does this tell about the need for labor market transformations?

Serdar SAYAN

Relevance to Others TURKEY

- Labor market efficiency is a constraint, - Young population’s share shrinks but number increases.

26 26 25 25 25 24 23 22 21

55 58 61 63 64 63 63 62 60

18 22 25 28 31 34 36 37 37

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Po

pu

lati

on

by

Age

Gro

up

s (m

illio

ns)

50-64

25-49

15-24

18% 17% 16% 15% 14% 14% 13% 12% 12%

38% 38% 38% 38% 37% 36% 35% 34% 33%

12% 14% 15% 17% 18% 19% 20% 20% 20%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Shar

e o

f A

ge G

rou

ps

in T

ota

l (%

) 50-64

25-49

15-24

Sources: WEF GCR 2010-11, UN Population Division Serdar SAYAN

Relevance to Others

Sources: WEF GCR 2010-11, UN Population Division

CAMEROON - Labor is as efficient as the average but, - Young population’s share and number increases.

8 9 9 11 12 12 13 13 14

11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

3 3

4 4

5 6

7 8

9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Po

pu

lati

on

by

Age

Gro

up

(m

illio

ns)

50-64

25-49

15-24

21% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 19% 18% 18%

28% 29% 31% 32% 32% 33% 34% 34% 35%

7% 7% 7% 8% 8% 9% 10% 11% 12%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Shar

e o

f A

ge G

rou

ps

in T

ota

l

50-64

25-49

15-24

Serdar SAYAN

Relevance to Others


EGYPT - Labor market efficiency is a constraint, - Share of young people remains fixed but number increases 60% in the next 40 years.

32 32 33 35 36 36 35 34 34

53 61 67 72 77 79 81 84 85

18 20

23 25

29 34 40 43 44

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Po

pu

lati

on

by

Age

Gro

up

(m

illio

ns)

50-64

25-49

15-24

20% 18% 17% 17% 17% 16% 15% 14% 14%

33% 34% 35% 36% 36% 36% 35% 35% 34%

11% 12% 12% 13% 14% 15% 17% 18% 18%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Shar

e o

f A

ge G

rou

ps

in T

ota

l

50-64

25-49

15-24

Serdar SAYAN

Relevance to Others


INDONESIA - Labor is as efficient as the average but, - Share of young people decreases but number increases.

86 85 85 86 83 79 76 73 70

184 194 201 203 205 204 202 199 195

53 66 79 91 100 108 112 114 113

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Po

pu

lati

on

by

Age

Gro

up

(m

illio

ns)

50-64

25-49

15-24

18% 17% 16% 16% 15% 14% 13% 12% 12%

38% 39% 38% 37% 37% 36% 35% 34% 33%

11% 13% 15% 17% 18% 19% 19% 19% 19%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Shar

e o

f A

ge G

rou

ps

in T

ota

l

50-64

25-49

15-24

Serdar SAYAN

Relevance to Others


KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - Labor is as efficient as the average but, - Share of young people remains fixed but number increases.

2.4 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3

3.6 3.9 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.2

1.0 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.3 2.6 2.7

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Po

pu

lati

on

by

Age

Gro

up

(m

illio

ns)

50-64

25-49

15-24

23% 19% 16% 16% 18% 17% 16% 15% 15%

33% 35% 36% 36% 35% 35% 34% 33% 33%

9% 12% 13% 13% 12% 13% 16% 18% 17%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Shar

e o

f A

ge G

rou

ps

in T

ota

l

50-64

25-49

15-24

Serdar SAYAN

Relevance to Others


MOROCCO - Labor market efficiency is a constraint, - Share of young people remains fixed but number increases slightly.

13 12 12 11 12 11 11 10 9

22 24 26 27 28 28 27 27 26

7 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 16

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Po

pu

lati

on

by

Age

Gro

up

s (m

illio

ns)

50-64

25-49

15-24

20% 18% 16% 16% 15% 15% 14% 13% 12%

35% 36% 37% 37% 37% 36% 35% 34% 34%

12% 13% 14% 15% 16% 18% 19% 20% 20%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Shar

e o

f A

ge G

rou

ps

in T

ota

l

50-64

25-49

15-24

Serdar SAYAN

Relevance to Others

Sources: Sayre and Daoud

PALESTINE

Unemployment Rate for Men Unemployment Rate for Women

Serdar SAYAN

Relevance to Others


SENEGAL

5 6 7 7 8 9 9 10 10 7 8 10

11 13

14 16 18 20

1 2

2 3

3 4

5 6

7

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Po

pu

lati

on

by

Age

Gro

up

s (m

illio

ns)

50-64

25-49

15-24

21% 20% 20% 21% 21% 20% 19% 19% 18%

27% 29% 30% 31% 32% 33% 33% 34% 35%

6% 6% 7% 7% 8% 9% 10% 11% 11%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Shar

e o

f A

ge G

rou

ps

in T

ota

l

50-64

25-49

15-24

- Labor is as efficient as the average but, - Young population’s share and number increases.

Serdar SAYAN

Relevance to Others


TUNISIA

4.0 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.7

8.0 8.8 9.2 9.2 8.9 8.6 8.3 8.1 8.0

2.6 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.5 5.0 5.5 5.6 5.2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Po

pu

lati

on

by

Age

Gro

up

s (m

illio

ns)

50-64

25-49

15-24

19% 16% 14% 14% 14% 14% 13% 12% 11%

38% 40% 40% 39% 37% 35% 33% 32% 32%

13% 14% 15% 17% 18% 20% 22% 22% 21%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Shar

e o

f A

ge G

rou

ps

in T

ota

l

50-64

25-49

15-24

- Labor is as efficient as the average but, - Share of young people decreases as number increases and then decreases.

Serdar SAYAN

Conclusions






• Conclusions

Serdar SAYAN

Conclusions

• Skills development is essential for economic development • Skills development can be seen as a next step for

Millennium Development Goals ‒ Improving human capital beyond primary education ‒ Creating equal opportunity for men and women

• Private sector should have a key role in the skills development process

• Skills’10 Project seems as a successful start for Public-Private Sector Partnership (PPP) in vocational education and training

• Empowering local stakeholders, while forcing them to work together is a key success factor

Serdar SAYAN

specialized vocational training centres project (skills'10)

Documents