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ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY —^— «\4 Special Operations Command and Control Element (SOCCE) Preliminary Analysis of Equipment and Personnel Requirements for the Digitized Battlefield Frank J. Malkin Stephen Graybill ARL-TN-136 APRIL 1999 DTic QUALITY munxnm 1 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

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Page 1: Special Operations Command and Control Element (SOCCE ...Research Laboratory (ARL) to assist in identifying the equipment and personnel requirements ... for a SOCCE employed on the

ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY —^—

«\4 Special Operations Command and Control Element (SOCCE) Preliminary Analysis of

Equipment and Personnel Requirements for the Digitized Battlefield

Frank J. Malkin Stephen Graybill

ARL-TN-136 APRIL 1999

DTic QUALITY munxnm 1

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

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The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents.

Citation of manufacturer's or trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use thereof.

Destroy this report when it is no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator.

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Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5425

ARL-TN-136 April 1999

Special Operations Command and Control Element (SOCCE) Preliminary Analysis of Equipment and Personnel Requirements for the Digitized Battlefield

Frank J. Malkin Human Research & Engineering Directorate, ARL

Stephen Graybill Deputy Chief of Staff Requirements Integration U.S. Army Special Operations Command

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

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Abstract

When Army special operations forces (SOF) operate in conjunction with or close to conventional Army forces, a special operations command and control element (SOCCE) is established to synchronize operations and harmonize actions between the SOF and conventional force elements. A SOCCE is usually co-located with an Army corps tactical operations center (TOC). On the emerging digitized battlefield, the corps TOC will be equipped with the Army Tactical Command and Control System (ATCCS) to provide a seamless flow of tactical information to commanders, corps, and below. A SOCCE will also require an ATCCS capability in order to exchange information with the conventional force and successfully perform its mission. A preliminary mission and task analysis was conducted to assist in identifying initial equipment and personnel requirements for a digitized SOCCE employing ATCCS. The outcome of the analysis indicates that if assumptions regarding SOF message format compatibility with ATCCS software are met, the SOCCE will be able to operate with two maneuver control systems (MCS), which is the integration component of ATCCS. The analysis also indicates that, in addition to the existing operations center, the SOCCE will require a signal center to link the operations center with other headquarters within the electronic battlefield command and control architecture. Personnel augmentation will be necessary to fully staff the SOCCE operations center S2 (intelligence) and S3 (operations) functions for 24-hour operations. Recommendations are that the equipment and personnel requirements identified by this analysis be verified during field training exercises and by simulation and modeling, a van or vehicular mounted shelter configuration be considered to house a SOCCE, and documentation be initiated to establish requirements for a system acquisition program.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

CPT John Downey and SFC Donny Lynch, U.S. Army Special Operations Command (USASOC), spent numerous laborious hours with the authors conducting the task analysis

leading to the findings of this report. Dave Durbin and Kate Dettmann, U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), George Person and James Reale, USASOC, provided insightful reviews of the report. Nancy Nicholas (ARL) technically edited and enhanced the quality of the manuscript to

meet publication standards.

HI

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CONTENTS

BACKGROUND 3

PURPOSE 3

SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND AND CONTROL ELEMENT (SOCCE) 3

ARMY TACTICAL COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEM (ATCCS) 5

ANALYSIS 6

Assumptions 7 Operations Center Analysis 8 Signal Center Analysis 12

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 14

RECOMMENDATIONS 14

REFERENCES 17

APPENDICES

A. SOCCE Operations Center Tasks, Equipment, and Personnel 19 B. SOCCE Signal Center Tasks and Personnel 35 C. Acronym List 41

DISTRIBUTION LIST 45

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 51

FIGURE

1. Analytical Process 6

TABLES

1. Operational Detachment B (ODB) 4 2. SOCCE Daily Recurring MCS/P Tasks 10 3. Mission-Dependent Non-Recurring MCS/P Tasks 10

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SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND AND CONTROL ELEMENT (SOCCE) PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF EQUIPMENT AND PERSONNEL

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DIGITIZED BATTLEFIELD

BACKGROUND

When Army special operations forces (SOF) operate in conjunction with or close to

conventional Army forces, a special operations command and control element (SOCCE) is

established to synchronize operations and harmonize actions between the SOF and conventional

force elements. Most commonly, a SOCCE is established to support an Army corps and is co-

located with the corps tactical operations center (TOC). On the emerging digitized battlefield,

Corps TOCs will be equipped with the Army Tactical Command and Control System (ATCCS)

to electronically provide a seamless flow of battlefield information to tactical commanders, corps,

and below. To provide timely and effective coordination of operations between SOF and

conventional forces, a SOCCE requires command, control, and communications systems and

digital message formats that are compatible with ATCCS. This is currently not the case. In

response to this need, the U.S. Army Special Operations Command (USASOC) has initiated a

cooperative effort with the Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) and acquisition

program managers to work toward SOF compatibility with ATCCS. In conjunction with this

effort, USASOC requested the Human Research and Engineering Directorate of the U.S. Army

Research Laboratory (ARL) to assist in identifying the equipment and personnel requirements

for a SOCCE employed on the digitized battlefield.

PURPOSE

This report describes a preliminary mission and task analysis conducted to assist in

identifying equipment and personnel requirements for a SOCCE using ATCCS on the digitized

battlefield. The outcome of the analysis is discussed and recommendations are provided. The

outcome of the analysis will provide initial data to support the development of concept of

operations and operational requirements document (ORD) for a digitized SOCCE.

SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND AND CONTROL ELEMENT (SOCCE)

A SOCCE is a command and control element that operates in a manner similar to a TOC

(U.S. Army JFK Special Warfare Center and School, 1994). A SOCCE does not perform mission

planning for SOF operational elements, nor does it launch or recover operational elements. These

are functions performed by either a forward operational base (FOB) or a special forces operational

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base (SFOB), depending on the tactical situation. A SOCCE does, however, coordinate these

special forces operational base activities as part of its mission to synchronize and harmonize

operations between SOF and conventional forces. SOCCE functions include

1. Keeping higher SOF commander and conventional force commander informed of each

other's current and future operations, intelligence data, fire support coordination measures, unit

locations, communications procedures, and situation status;

2. Planning and coordinating linkup between SOF and the conventional force;

3. Exercising operational control or tactical control of deployed SOF, when tasked by

higher headquarters; and

4. Advising the conventional force commander and staff of the mission capabilities,

limitations, and employment of SOF.

When a decision is made to establish a SOCCE, a special forces Operational Detachment B

(ODB) is tasked to organize and operate the SOCCE. The ODB consists of the personnel shown

in Table 1.

Table 1

Operational Detachment B (ODB)

Grade MOSa

Commander 04 Executive officer 03 Warrant officer W4 Detachment NCOb E9 Operations NCO E8 Communications NCO E7 Assistant operations NCO E6 Medical NCO E6 Communications NCO E6 Supply sergeant E6

18A00 18A00 180AO 18Z50 18Z50 18E40 18B30 18D3D 18E30 92Y3S

aMOS = military occupational specialty ^NCO = noncommissioned officer

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When tasked to operate a SOCCE, the ODB may be augmented with an enhanced

communications capability.

ARMY TACTICAL COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEM (ATCCS)

As mentioned previously, ATCCS will provide a seamless flow of information to Army

tactical commanders on the digitized battlefield (U.S. Army TRADOC Program Integration

Office, Army Battle Command System, 1 July 1996). Common hardware is used to share data

pertaining to plans, troop movements, re-supply points, and other battlefield information.

ATCCS is comprised of six battlefield automated system products:

1. All-Source Analysis System (ASAS) - The intelligence and electronic warfare (IEW)

component used to plan and analyze intelligence operations and to process intelligence messages

and reports.

2. Forward Area Air Defense Command, Control Communications, and Intelligence

(FAADC3I) - Integrates air defense, fire units, sensors, and C2 centers to defeat low altitude air

threats.

3. Combat Service Support Control System (CSSCS) - The logistics component.

4. Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System (AFATDS) - The fire support

component, which coordinates fire support and processes call for fire messages.

5. Maneuver Control System (MCS) - The integration component of ATCCS, which

provides a mapping capability and the common battlefield picture depicting friendly and threat

locations and situational awareness to commanders. Provides a message-handling capability as

well as commercial office tools software.

6. Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below (FBCB2) - Distributes information

from above Corps level down to the platform and provides feedback up the chain of command.

An issue for SOF is that in the current stage of development, message formats for one

ATCCS product may not be compatible with another. Among the messages that deployed SOF

commonly sends are intelligence spot reports, calls for fire, and situation reports. The result is

that a SOCCE could conceivably need an ASAS, AFATDS, and MCS to receive and pass SOF

messages to the Corps. The typical SOCCE has neither the physical space nor personnel to

support all three systems.

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USASOC intends to develop software that will allow deployed SOF to send digital messages in a format that is compatible with MCS. Also, the Army is initiating efforts toward compatibility of message formats among all ATCCS products. This will permit a SOCCE to receive and forward digitized messages with only one type system, the MCS.

ANALYSIS

In order to identify the equipment and personnel needed to operate a SOCCE on the digitized battlefield, a mission and task analysis was conducted using the process represented in

Figure 1 and described in the following paragraphs.

Figure 1. Analytical process.

Specifically, the analysis addressed the following issues for a digitized SOCCE:

1. How many MCS are required?

2. Is ASAS required for intelligence tasks?

3. What type of command, control, communications, and computers are required?

4. What ancillary equipment is required?

5. What is the MOS and quantity of personnel required?

To answer these questions, the SOCCE was divided into two sections: An operations center staffed by the ODB, which is responsible for performing the SOCCE mission, and a signal center responsible for providing the communications link for SOCCE. A list of tasks performed

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within each of the sections was developed for the analysis. Three special forces subject matter

experts (SMEs) (one captain, 18AOO; one CW4,180AO; and one sergeant first class, 18E)

participated in the analysis. The analysis was accomplished by answering the following questions

for each task:

1. What is the purpose of the task?

2. How is the task accomplished (process, equipment)?

3. If information is passed, to whom and how is it passed?

4. How often is the task performed?

5. How much time is required to perform the task?

6. Who accomplishes the task?

7. Is the MOS appropriate?

8. Is the number of assigned personnel adequate?

Assumptions

The following assumptions were made in order to conduct the analysis:

1. The SOCCE is co-located with an Army corps TOC equipped with ATCCS.

2. SOCCE operates 24 hours per day and employs two 12-hour shifts.

3. All messages arriving at a SOCCE from deployed SOF can be reviewed and then, if

required, can be passed to the corps via the MCS.

4. The deployed SOF supported by the SOCCE consists of six special forces

Operational Detachments A (ODA).

5. The FOB or SFOB launches the six ODAs. The ODAs conduct a special reconnaissance

mission and are re-tasked to conduct an ensuing direct action mission. SOCCE coordinates ODA

linkups with conventional forces and at the completion of the mission, coordinates ODA

exfiltration.

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Operations Center Analysis

Operations Center Tasks

The list of tasks for the operations center was derived from the draft SOCCE

handbook and a set of SOCCE critical tasks provided by the JFK Special Warfare Center and School. The list includes tasks performed during mission planning before deployment, during deployment, and during operation of the SOCCE. The analysis encompassed the complete list of tasks. The focus and emphasis of the analysis and this report, however, are the tasks performed

by the SOCCE once it is established and operating with the corps TOC.

The matrix in Appendix A was developed to assist in the process of assigning

equipment and staff positions to each task. Blocks with an "X" indicate the corresponding

equipment or staff position assigned each task. Some tasks are performed using multiple items of

equipment or by multiple staff positions. Certain tasks do not require the use of any equipment and are performed by thought processes, face-to-face conversations, or other means.

Operations Center Equipment

The SOCCE equipment requirements were identified by addressing the questions in the analytical process described earlier. The outcome of the analysis indicates that the SOCCE operations center will require the following types of equipment to perform its mission on the digitized battlefield:

1. Office automation hardware and software, for example, a laptop computer with

standard commercial software.

2. Mission planning hardware and software.

3. MCS—message handling, tactical situation awareness map with threat and

friendly force information, Microsoft (MS) Office® software.

4. E-mail capability

5. Secure wide area network (WAN)—wire link between SOCCE and other elements on the digitized battlefield.

6. Secure local area network (LAN)—wire link inside SOCCE.

7. SOCCE communications—radio links.

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8. Projection TV

9. Copy machine

10. Facsimile machine

11. Printer

12. Telephones—including secure line capability.

As mentioned earlier, one of the issues addressed by the analysis is whether

ASAS is required to accomplish intelligence tasks. The analysis indicates that an ASAS is not

required in the SOCCE operations center. ASAS is used to conduct intelligence analysis and

planning at the FOB or SFOB or supported conventional force intelligence assets. A SOCCE

does not plan operations to the extent that would justify a need for ASAS. The level of

intelligence information needed at a SOCCE is primarily battlefield situational awareness,

including the status and location of friendly and enemy forces. This information can be obtained

using MCS. Again, the mission of a SOCCE is only to provide command and control to

deployed elements and to synchronize and coordinate SOF operations.

An MCS capability is required for a SOCCE to synchronize and coordinate SOF

and conventional force operations on the digitized battlefield. The analysis identified 32 tasks

requiring the use of MCS, once a SOCCE is established and operating with the corps TOC (see

Appendix A, page 29, Operate SOCCE). In order to determine the number of MCS required, the

frequency of tasks and the time to perform MCS tasks were assessed. Of the 32 tasks, 27 are

recurring and are performed on a daily basis. The five remaining tasks are non-recurring and are

accomplished only during particular phases of the mission. The five non-recurring tasks are (a)

coordinate exfiltration operations, (b) issue fragmentary orders, (c) plan and coordinate link

operations, (d) prepare a synchronization matrix, and (e) coordinate maps.

The three special forces SMEs categorized tasks by staff position and then

estimated the time required to perform each MCS task. The time each staff position performs

daily, recurring MCS tasks during a 12-hour shift, is shown in Table 2. For example, during a

typical 12-hour shift, the S2 spends 8.5 hours on tasks using MCS.

The estimated time to complete each non-recurring task is shown in Table 3. For

example, the time to perform the task of planning and coordinating one linkup operation is 6

hours. With six ODAs deployed, it is conceivable that over the course of the SOCCE mission,

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six separate linkup operations could be coordinated. It is important to note, though, that non-

recurring tasks are not normally accomplished within the confines of one 12-hour shift. As

shown in Table 3, the S3 is the primary staff element responsible for performing the non-

recurring tasks.

Table 2

SOCCE Daily Recurring MCS Tasks

Position Hours per 12-hour shift

Commander XO/shift leader SI S2 S3 S4

Total

1 1.5 2.5 8.5 3.5 0.1 17.1

Table 3

Mission-Dependent Non-Recurring MCS Tasks

Position and task Hours per one event

S3: S3 and CMDR: S3: S3: S2andS3:

Coordinate exfiltration Issue fragmentary orders Plan and coordinate linkup Prepare synchronization matrix Coordinate maps, charts, imagery

Total

3 2 6 1 02

12.2

As indicated in Tables 2 and 3, the time spent by the S2 and S3 in performing

MCS tasks justifies each having an MCS. Other staff positions occasionally use MCS. These

positions could share the S2 and S3 systems when needed while relying primarily on laptop

computers to conduct most of their tasks.

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Operations Center Personnel

As mentioned earlier, a SOCCE is staffed by the ODB. In order to identify who

performs each task, it was useful to categorize staff positions by function as well as MOS. Tasks

were assigned to the following staff positions or functions, as appropriate:

Command Group—Commander and Executive Officer

Shift Leaders—Executive Officer and Warrant officer

Sergeant Major—Detachment NCO

SI— Medical NCO

S2—Operations NCO

S3—Operations NCO and Assistant Operations NCO

S4—Supply Sergeant

Communications—Senior Communications NCO and Junior Communications NCO.

The analysis indicates that the ODB does not have sufficient personnel with the

necessary qualifications to staff the S2 and S3 functions for 24-hour SOCCE operations. The S3

function can be performed by either the Operations NCO or the assistant Operations NCO. The

S2 function requires someone who has completed operations and intelligence training that is

currently obtained by attending the Advanced Noncommissioned Officers' Course. Referring to

Table 1, only the detachment NCO and the Operations NCO are qualified to perform S2 functions.

The detachment NCO normally is not available to perform dedicated S2 or S3 functions because of

other responsibilities. The Operations NCO is qualified to perform both S3 an S2 functions.

However, in view of the workload associated with these staff positions as indicated in Tables 2

and 3, time may not always permit the Operations NCO to perform both functions. Therefore,

additional personnel qualified to perform either the S2 or S3 functions are required in order to

provide adequate staffing for 24-hour operations. For example, if we assume that the Operations

NCO and the assistant Operations NCO split the S3 responsibility for each 12-hour shift, then the

ODB will require augmentation of two additional personnel to fulfill the S2 responsibility for each

shift. Personnel augmentation is not a new issue resulting from digitizing the SOCCE. Currently,

when non-digitized SOCCEs are established, the ODB is usually assigned personnel on a

temporary basis to assist in operating a SOCCE. Some units augment the ODB with personnel

from the Military Intelligence Detachment to fulfill the S2 function.

ODB appears to have sufficient personnel to fill the other SOCCE staff positions

for 24-hour operations.

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Signal Center Analysis

Signal Center Tasks

The tasks performed in the signal center were developed by analyzing the mission command, control, and communications requirements. This analysis began with defining the type of information flowing in and out of a SOCCE and identifying the communication nets needed to

provide this information flow on the digitized battlefield.

It was determined that the communication nets and peripheral equipment needed

for a SOCCE are similar to those in the joint base station (JBS) recently developed for SOF. JBS

is a communications shelter designed to serve as a signal center for FOBs and SFOBs (Malkin,

Allender, Kelley, O'Brien, & Graybill, 1997). The list of tasks used in the development of JBS

was adapted and tailored for use in the SOCCE analysis. SOCCE signal center tasks and the

MOSs of the personnel identified to perform those tasks are listed in Appendix B.

Signal Center Equipment

When an ODB is tasked to establish a SOCCE, it is supported with communications systems and personnel to operate the systems. A SOCCE normally shares information and maintains communications links with deployed SOF, FOBs, or SFOBs, the joint task force, and conventional forces. To link with these headquarters on the digitized battlefield, the following communications and computer nets are needed.

1. To net with deployed operational elements, the SOCCE will need the following

communications systems.

a. Two high frequency (HF) nets (secure voice, data, International Morse Code)

b. Two ultra high frequency (UHF) nets (one voice, one data)

c. One very high frequency-frequency modulated (VHF-FM) net (single

channel ground and airborne radio system [SINCGARS])

d. Lightweight video reconnaissance system (LVRS) base station (could be

located either in the signal center or the operations center)

e. One HF low probability of interception/low probability of detection (LPI/LPD) net

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2. The special operations communications assemblage (SOCA) is currently

provided to a SOCCE for communications with the FOB or SFOB. The improved SOCA will be

fielded soon and consists of (a) one HF radio net, and (b) one UHF radio net.

3. The following connectivity is required for a SOCCE to digitally link with the

Army corps TOC and other headquarters within the seamless electronic command and control

architecture:

a. Automation system - joint base station type capability (communication

gateway system [CGS] 100, automated message system [AMS], matrix switch)

b. LAN

c. WAN (access provided by corps TOC)

d. Router—route messages by IP address.

e. Four wires—secure telephone, multiple subscriber equipment (MSE)

Signal Center Personnel

Operators, identified by MOS, were assigned to perform each of the signal center

tasks as shown in Appendix B. SOF has previously identified three radio operator-maintainer 3 lCs

to operate the SOCA kit on a 24-hour basis. In addition to the 31Cs who operate the SOCA kit,

one 31C and one 18E per 12-hour shift will be needed to operate the other SOCCE communications

systems. One information system operator-analyst, 74B, per 12-hour shift will be needed to

perform the automation and network management tasks. Therefore, two 18Es, two 31Cs, and two

74Bs are needed for 24-hour operations employing two 12-hour shifts, not including the SOCA kit

operators. This number of personnel will require supervision. One solution would be for the ODB

communication NCOs to provide staff supervision for the signal center

A SOCCE signal center of the size and with the equipment proposed in this

analysis does not currently exist. Except for the three 31Cs for the SOCA, there is no

organization in place to provide the personnel needed to operate this proposed signal center.

18E, 31C, and 74B personnel are assigned to special forces group headquarters signal

detachments. These personnel are identified to operate the JBS. However, as a result of funding

shortages, the JBS will not be fielded at the group headquarters level. If a decision is made to

develop and field a digitized SOCCE system, group headquarters personnel may be available to

staff the SOCCE signal center.

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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Army corps TOCs soon will be equipped with ATCCS. SOCCEs that coordinate battlefield information with Army corps require ATCCS-compatible hardware and software. A

preliminary analysis was conducted to identify initial equipment and personnel requirements for

a future SOCCE using ATCCS on the digitized battlefield.

The outcome of the analysis indicates that if assumptions regarding SOF message format compatibility with ATCCS software are met, the SOCCE can operate with two MCS systems

and an ASAS will not be needed. The MCS systems will be used primarily to support S2 and S3

coordination functions. Using MCS to perform these functions will provide timely and effective

synchronization of SOF and conventional force operations with the goal of harmonizing actions

and avoiding fratricide. ASAS is not needed because a SOCCE does not normally conduct a level

of tactical mission planning and intelligence analysis that requires a capability beyond that

provided by the MCS.

As with current, non-digitized SOCCEs, the ODB will have to be augmented with additional personnel when tasked to operate the digitized SOCCE to staff both the S2 and S3

functions for 24-hour operations.

In order for a SOCCE to link with other headquarters in the command and control architecture of the electronic battlefield, a signal center similar to that of JBS will be required. Staffing for the signal center needs to be resolved. It is suggested that individuals with the appropriate MOS, who are currently assigned to SF group headquarters, be employed to operate

the signal center.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Recommend that the preliminary requirements for equipment and personnel identified in this analysis be validated during SOCCE field training exercises using MCS and through simulation

and modeling. During training exercises, data should be collected about how frequently tasks are performed, the time to perform tasks, the quantity and MOSs of personnel who perform the tasks, and the workload associated with each task. These data could then be placed in a model such as the improved performance research integration tool (IMPRINT) designed to assess levels of soldier and system performance. The model can assist in verifying the appropriateness of assigned personnel and predicting workload associated with operating or maintaining SOCCE equipment.

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An analysis of how the equipment should be packaged must be completed. The Army is developing a command and control vehicle for use by the corps TOC. As a result, the corps will be highly mobile. The SOCCE will need to be equally mobile. Recommend that vehicular options such

as vans or vehicular mounted shelters be investigated for effective packaging and configuration of the

SOCCE operations and signal centers.

An ORD for a digitized SOCCE system needs to be developed as soon as practical. If SOF and conventional forces are to support each other on the future electronic battlefield, then SOCCE technology must keep pace and be compatible with that of the conventional Army corps TOC.

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REFERENCES

Malkin, F.J., Allender, L.E., Kelley, T.D., O'Brien, P., & Graybill, S.(1997). Joint base station variant 1 MOS-workload-skill requirements analysis (ARL-TR-1441). Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: U.S. Army Research Laboratory.

U.S. Army JFK Special Warfare Center and School (1 February 1994). Draft special operations command and control element f SOCCER handbook. Fort Bragg, NC: Author.

U.S. Army TRADOC Program Integration Office, Army Battle Command System (1 July 1996). Draft Armv tactical command and control system staff users guide. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Author.

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APPENDIX A

SOCCE OPERATIONS CENTER TASKS, EQUIPMENT, AND PERSONNEL

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Page 29: Special Operations Command and Control Element (SOCCE ...Research Laboratory (ARL) to assist in identifying the equipment and personnel requirements ... for a SOCCE employed on the

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Page 30: Special Operations Command and Control Element (SOCCE ...Research Laboratory (ARL) to assist in identifying the equipment and personnel requirements ... for a SOCCE employed on the

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Page 31: Special Operations Command and Control Element (SOCCE ...Research Laboratory (ARL) to assist in identifying the equipment and personnel requirements ... for a SOCCE employed on the

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Page 32: Special Operations Command and Control Element (SOCCE ...Research Laboratory (ARL) to assist in identifying the equipment and personnel requirements ... for a SOCCE employed on the

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Page 33: Special Operations Command and Control Element (SOCCE ...Research Laboratory (ARL) to assist in identifying the equipment and personnel requirements ... for a SOCCE employed on the

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Page 34: Special Operations Command and Control Element (SOCCE ...Research Laboratory (ARL) to assist in identifying the equipment and personnel requirements ... for a SOCCE employed on the

** Acronym List

BN

CCIR

CMDR

COIN

COMMSTAT

CP

CS

CSS

Exfil

FRAGO

GP

GPF

HQ

IAW

ICW

Infil

Intel

IPB

IR

JSOA

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LNO

LOGSTAT

OPLAN

OPSEC

PERSTAT

PIR

POV

SITREP

SOC

SOCOORD

TASOSC

WAN

battalion

commander's critical intelligence requirements

commander

counter insurgency

communications status

command post

combat support

combat service support

exfiltration

fragmentary order

group

general purpose force

headquarters

in accordance with

in coordination with

infiltration

Intelligence

intelligence preparation of the battlefield

intelligence requirements

Joint Special Operations Area

local area network

liaison officer

logistics status

operation order

operations security

personnel status

priority intelligence requirements

privately owned vehicle

situation report

Special Operations Command

Special Operations Coordination Element

Theater Army Special Operations support Command

wide area network

Page 35: Special Operations Command and Control Element (SOCCE ...Research Laboratory (ARL) to assist in identifying the equipment and personnel requirements ... for a SOCCE employed on the

APPENDIX B

SOCCE SIGNAL CENTER TASKS AND PERSONNEL

35

Page 36: Special Operations Command and Control Element (SOCCE ...Research Laboratory (ARL) to assist in identifying the equipment and personnel requirements ... for a SOCCE employed on the

SOCCE SIGNAL CENTER TASKS AND PERSONNEL

Function Task MOS(s) Setup Tasks Shelter Setup Position shelter on site 18E

Set up/install ISOCA radios ISOCA Tm Ground system 18E Connect power cables 31C Set up tent extension 18E,31C,&74B Set up camouflage nets 18E,74C,&74B Run pre-op checks on ECU and generator 31C Power up generator 31C Power up ECU 31C Remote terminal equipment into tent 74B Perform shelter power-up procedures 31C

General System Setup Remote & power up RCCs 74B Erect HF antenna #1 (ISOCA) ISOCA Tm Erect HF antenna #2 18E&31C Erect HF antenna #3 18E&31C Erect HF LPI/D antenna 18E&31C Erect UHF TACSAT antenna #1 (ISOCA) ISOCA Tm Erect UHF TACSAT antenna #2 18E&31C Erect UHF TACSAT antenna #3 18E&31C Erect VHF/FM antenna 18E&31C Install SOCCE LAN 74B Set up/install MCS workstations 74B Perform built-in tests 18E,31C&74B Perform op checks 18E,31C&74B Setup/install LAN & wire interfaces with supported unit 74B&31C

37

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Function Task MOS(s) Programming Tasks

Configure CGS 100 Perform station setup 74B Create a configuration set 74B Select routing methods & devices 74B Create RI routing tables 74B Create PLA/RI database 74B Setup networking 74B Create user accounts 74B

Configure Matrix Switch Select input/output connections 74B

Program COMSEC Equipment

Load keying material 18E

Select mode of operation 18E

Configure Audio Monitoring System

Select audio or data mode of operation 18E

Program RCCs 18E Enable/disable RCC functions 18E Configure RCC data port 18E

Program Radio Parameters

Program HF radios 31C

Program UHF TACSAT radios 31C Program VHF/FM radio 31C Program HF LPI/D radio 31C

Program Data Controllers

Configure input/output ports 74B

Set configuration parameters 74B

Program Ethernet router Configure input/output ports 74B Program TCP/IP protocols 74B

Program MCS workstations

Tasks TBD 74B

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Function Task MOS(s) Operations

Checks & Services Perform PMCS shelter 18E Perform PMCS ECU and generator 31C Perform PMCS on communications equipment 18E&31C Perform PMCS on automation equipment 74B

Radio Communications Monitor power 31C Listen for incoming voice 31C Respond to incoming voice 31C Route incoming voice traffic 31C Initiate voice call 31C Listen for incoming IMC traffic 31C Recognize incoming IMC traffic 31C Copy incoming IMC traffic 18E Respond to incoming IMC traffic 18E Troubleshoot radio communications 18E

Digital Message Processing

Monitor incoming message traffic 74B

Respond to incoming message errors 74B Print incoming message traffic 74B Deliver incoming message traffic 18E Archive incoming message traffic 74B Log outgoing messages 74B Prepare/load outgoing messages 18E&74B Troubleshoot digital message processing 74B

Automation & Network Management

Back up system logs and files 74B

Add new hosts/addresses 74B Establish user privileges 74B Change user privileges 74B Troubleshoot automation & networking 74B

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Function Task MOS(s) Tear Down

General System Tear- down

Zeroize COMSEC equipment 18E

Print logs and archive files, as required 74B Power down subsystems 18E,31C,&74B Power down ECU & generator 31C Disconnect antenna & power cables 18E Remove ISOCA radios ISOCA Tm Disassemble antennas & stow 18E&31C Disconnect & package RCCs 74B

Shelter System Teardown Disconnect & stow terminal and MCS equipment 74B Dismantle & stow camouflage nets 18E&31C Dismantle & stow tent extension 18E,31C&74B Disconnect & stow power cables 31C Remove & stow grounding equipment 18E

CGS COMSEC ECU HF

IMC ISOCA LAN

LPI/D MCS PLA/RI PMCS

RCC TACSAT

TCP/IP UHF VHF/FM

communications gateway system communications security environmental control unit high frequency international morse code improved special operations communications assemblage

local area network low probability of interception/deception

maneuver control system plain language address/routing indicators preventive maintenance checks and services

remote control console tactical satellite transport control protocol/internet protocol

ultra high frequency very high frequency/frequency modulation

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APPENDIX C

ACRONYM LIST

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ACRONYM LIST

AFATDS

AMS

ASAS

ATCCS

CGS

CSSCS

FAADC3I

FBCB2

FOB

IEW

IMC

IMPRINT

JBS

LAN

LPI/LPD

LVRS

MCS

MOS

MSE

NCO

ODA

ODB

ORD

SFOB

SINCGARS

SME

SOCA

SOCCE

SOF

TOC

TRADOC

USASOC

WAN

advanced field artillery tactical data system

automated message system

all-source analysis system

Army Tactical Command and Control System

communications gateway system

combat service support control system

forward area air defense command, control communications, and intelligence

Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below

forward operational base

intelligence and electronic warfare

International Morse Code

improved performance research integration tool

joint base station

local area network

low probability of interception/low probability of detection

lightweight video reconnaissance system

maneuver control system

military occupational specialty

multiple subscriber equipment

noncommissioned officer

Operational Detachment A

Operational Detachment B

operational requirements document

special forces operational base

single channel ground and airborne radio system

subject matter expert

special operations communications assemblage

special operations command and control element

special operations forces

tactical operations center

Training and Doctrine Command

U.S. Army Special Operations Command

wide area network

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NO. OF COPIES ORGANIZATION

NO. OF COPIES ORGANIZATION

ADMINISTRATOR DEFENSE TECHNICAL INFO CENTER ATTN DTIC OCP 8725 JOHN J KINGMAN RD STE 0944 FTBELVOIR VA 22060-6218

DIRECTOR US ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY ATTN AMSRLCSALTA REC MGMT 2800 POWDER MILL RD ADELPHIMD 20783-1197

DIRECTOR US ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY ATTN AMSRLCILL TECH LIB 2800 POWDER MILL RD ADELPHIMD 207830-1197

DIR FOR PERSONNEL TECHNOLOGIES DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF PERSONNEL 300 ARMY PENTAGON 2C733 WASHINGTON DC 20310-0300

OUSD(A)/DDDR&E(R&A)/E&LS PENTAGON ROOM3D129 WASHINGTON DC 20301-3080

CODE 1142PS OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH 800 N QUINCY STREET ARLINGTON VA 22217-5000

COMMANDER US ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE ATTN PERIZT(DR E M JOHNSON) 5001 EISENHOWER AVENUE ALEXANDRIA VA 22333-5600

1 DIRECTOR TDAD DCST ATTN ATTG C BLDG 161 FORT MONROE VA 23651-5000

1 COMMANDER USA OPERATIONAL TEST & EVAL AGENCY ATTN CSTE TSM 4501 FORD AVE ALEXANDRIA VA 22302-1458

1 US ARMY SAFETY CENTER ATTN CSSC SE FORTRUCKER AL 36362

1 US ARMY NATICK RD&E CENTER ATTN STRNC YBA NATICK MA 01760-5020

1 US ARMY TROOP SUPPORT CMD NATICK RD&E CENTER ATTN BEHAVIORAL SCI DIV SSD NATICK MA 01760-5020

1 US ARMY TROOP SUPPORT CMD NATICK RD&E CENTER ATTN TECH LIBRARY (STRNC MIL) NATICK MA 01760-5040

1 LOCKHEED SANDERS INC BOXMER24 1583 NASHUA NH 03061-0868

1 COMMANDER USAMC LOGISTICS SUPPORT ACTIVITY ATTN AMXLSAE REDSTONE ARSENAL AL 35898-7466

DEFENSE LOGISTICS STUDIES INFORMATION EXCHANGE

ATTN DIRECTOR DLSIE ATSZ DL BLDG 12500 2401 QUARTERS ROAD FORT LEE VA 23801-1705

DEPUTY COMMANDING GENERAL ATTN EXS(Q) MARINE CORPS RD&A COMMAND QUANTICO VA 22134

HEADQUARTERS USATRADOC ATTN ATCD SP FORT MONROE VA 23651

ARI FIELD UNIT FORT KNOX BUILDING 2423 PERI IK FORT KNOX KY 40121-5620

COMMANDANT USA ARTILLERY & MISSILE SCHOOL ATTN USAAMS TECH LIBRARY FORT SILL OK 73503

COMMANDER WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE ATTN STEWS TE RE WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM

88002

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1 COMMANDER WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE ATTN TECHNICAL LIBRARY WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM

88002

1 USA TRADOC ANALYSIS COMMAND ATTN ATRC WSR (D ANGUIANO) WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM

88002-5502

1 STRICOM 12350 RESEARCH PARKWAY ORLANDO FL 32826-3276

1 COMMANDER USA COLD REGIONS TEST CENTER ATTN STECR TS A APO AP 96508-7850

1 PURDUE UNIVERSITY SERIALS UNIT CDM KARDEX 1535 STEWART CENTER WEST LAFAYETTE IN 47907-1535

1 GENERAL DYNAMICS LAND SYSTEMS DIV LIBRARY PO BOX 1901 WARREN MI 48090

1 DRMMAYOUB DIRECTOR INST FOR ERGONOMICS RESEARCH TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY LUBBOCK TX 79409

1 MR KENNETH C CROMBIE TECHNICAL LIBRARIAN El04 DELCO SYSTEMS OPERATIONS 6767 HOLLISTER AVENUE GOLETA CA 93117

1 DR NORMAN BADLER DEPT OF COMPUTER & INFORMATION

SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PHILADELPHIA PA 19104-6389

1 HQDA(DAPEZXO) ATTN DRFISCHL WASHINGTON DC 20310-0300

GOVT PUBLICATIONS LIBRARY 409 WILSON M UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455

DR RICHARD PEW BBN SYSTEMS AND TECH CORP 10 MOULTON STREET CAMBRIDGE MA 02138

DR ROBERT C SUGARMAN 132 SEABROOK DRIVE BUFFALO NY 14221

DR ANTHONY DEBONS IDIS UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH PITTSBURGH PA 15260

DR ROBERT KENNEDY ESSEX CORPORATION SUITE 227 1040 WOODCOCK ROAD ORLANDO FL 32803

DR ARTHUR S KAMLET BELL LABORATORIES 6200 EAST BROAD STREET COLUMBUS OH 43213

PEO STANDARD ARMY MGMT INFORMATION SYSTEM

ATTN AS PES STOP C-3 FTBELVOIR VA 22060-5456

PEO ARMORED SYS MODERNIZATION US ARMY TANK-AUTOMOTIVE CMD ATTN SFAE ASM S WARREN MI 48397-5000

PEO COMBAT SUPPORT ATTN AMCPEOCS US ARMY TANK AUTOMOTIVE CMD WARREN MI 48397-5000

PEO INTELLIGENCE & ELECTRONIC WARFARE

ATTN AMCPEOIEW VINT HILL FARMS STATION BLDG 197 WARRENTON VA 22186-5115

PEO COMMUNICATIONS ATTN SFAE CM RE FTMONMOUTH NJ 07703-5000

PEO AIR DEFENSE ATTN SFAE ADS US ARMY MISSILE COMMAND REDSTONE ARSENAL AL 35898-5750

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1 PEO STRATEGIC DEFENSE PO BOX 15280 ATTN DASD ZA US ARMY STRATEGIC DEFENSE CMD ARLINGTON VA 22215-0280

1 JOHN B SHAFER 250 MAIN STREET OWEGO NY 13827

OASD (FM&P) WASHINGTON DC 20301-4000

COMMANDANT US ARMY ARMOR SCHOOL ATTN ATSB CDS (MR LIPSCOMB) FTKNOX KY 40121-5215

COMMANDER US ARMY AVIATION CENTER ATTN ATZQ CDM S (MR MCCRACKEN) FTRUCKERAL 36362-5163

1 HQ III CORPS & FORT HOOD OFFICE OF THE SCIENCE ADVISER ATTN AFZF CS SA FORT HOOD TX 76544-5056

1 COMMANDER HQ XVIII ABN CORPS & FORT BRAGG OFFICE OF THE SCI ADV BLDG 1-1621 ATTN AFZA GD FAST FORT BRAGG NC 28307-5000

1 SOUTHCOM WASHINGTON FIELD OFC 1919 SOUTH EADS ST SUITE L09 AMC FAST SCIENCE ADVISER ARLINGTON VA 22202

1 HQ US SPECIAL OPERATIONS CMD AMC FAST SCIENCE ADVISER ATTN SOSD MACDILL AIR FORCE BASE TAMPA FL 33608-0442

COMMANDER US ARMY SIGNAL CTR & FT GORDON ATTN ATZHCDM FT GORDON GA 30905-5090

PROJECT MANAGER SIGNALS WARFARE ATTN SFAE IEW SG (ALAN LINDLEY) BLDG P-181 VINT HILL FARMS STATION WARRENTON VA 22186-5116

HQ US ARMY EUROPE AND 7TH ARMY ATTN AEAGXSA OFFICE OF THE SCIENCE ADVISER APOAE 09014

COMMANDER HQ 21ST THEATER ARMY AREA CMD AMC FAST SCIENCE ADVISER ATTN AERSA APOAE 09263

COMMANDER MARINE CORPS SYSTEMS COMMAND ATTN CBGT QUANTICO VA 22134-5080

DIRECTOR AMC-FIELD ASSIST IN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

ATTN AMC-FAST (RICHARD FRANSEEN) FTBELVOIR VA 22060-5606

COMMANDER US ARMY FORCES COMMAND ATTN FCDJSA BLDG 600 AMC FAST SCIENCE ADVISER FTMCPHERSON GA 30330-6000

COMMANDER I CORPS AND FORT LEWIS AMC FAST SCIENCE ADVISER ATTN AFZHCSS FORT LEWIS WA 98433-5000

COMMANDER HEADQUARTERS USEUCOM AMC FAST SCIENCE ADVISER UNIT 30400 BOX 138 APOAE 09128

HQ 7TH ARMY TRAINING COMMAND UNIT #28130 AMC FAST SCIENCE ADVISER ATTN AETT SA APOAE 09114

COMMANDER HHC SOUTHERN EUROPEAN TASK FORCE ATTN AESE SA BUILDING 98 AMC FAST SCIENCE ADVISER APOAE 09630

COMMANDER US ARMY PACIFIC AMC FAST SCIENCE ADVISER ATTN APSA FT SHAFTER HI 96858-5L00

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ORGANIZATION

COMMANDER US ARMY JAPAN/IX CORPS UNIT 45005 ATTN APAJ SA AMC FAST SCIENCE ADVISERS APOAP 96343-0054

AMC FAST SCIENCE ADVISERS PCS #303 BOX 45 CS-SO APO AP 96204-0045

MS DIANE UNGVARSKY HHC 2BDEIAD UNIT 23704 APOAE 09034

DR SEHCHANG HAH DEPT OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES &

LEADERSHIP BUILDING 601 ROOM 281 US MILITARY ACADEMY WEST POINT NEW YORK 10996-1784

ARLHRED AVNC FIELD ELEMENT ATTN AMSRL HR MJ (R ARMSTRONG) PO BOX 620716 BLDG 514 FTRUCKER AL 36362-0716

ARL HRED MICOM FIELD ELEMENT ATTN AMSRL HR MO (T COOK) BUILDING 5400 ROOM C242 REDSTONE ARSENAL AL 35898-7290

ARL HRED USAADASCH FLD ELEMENT ATTN AMSRL HR ME (K REYNOLDS) ATTN ATSACD 5800 CARTER ROAD FORT BLISS TX 79916-3802

ARLHRED ARDEC FIELD ELEMENT ATTN AMSRL HR MG (R SPINE) BUILDING 333 PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ 07806-5000

ARLHRED ARMC FIELD ELEMENT ATTN AMSRL HR MH (C BIRD) BLDG 1002 ROOM 206B FTKNOX KY 40121

ARL HRED CECOM FIELD ELEMENT ATTN AMSRL HR ML (J MARTIN) MYER CENTER RM3C214 FTMONMOUTH NJ 07703-5630

NO. OF COPIES

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ORGANIZATION

ARL HRED FT BELVOIR FIELD ELEMENT ATTN AMSRL HR MK (P SCHOOL) 10115 GRIDLEYROAD SUITE 114 FORT BELVOIR VA 22060-5846

ARL HRED FT HOOD FIELD ELEMENT ATTN AMSRL HR MV HQ TEXCOM

(E SMOOTZ) 91012 STATION AVE ROOM 111 FT HOOD TX 76544-5073

ARL HRED FT HUACHUCA FLD ELEMENT ATTN AMSRL HR MY (B KNAPP) GREELY HALL (BLDG 61801 RM 2631) FORT HUACHUCA AZ 85613-5000

ARL HRED FLW FIELD ELEMENT ATTN AMSRL HR MZ (A DAVISON)* 3200 ENGINEER LOOP STE 166 FT LEONARD WOOD MO 65473-8929

ARL HRED NATICK FIELD ELEMENT ATTN AMSRL HR MQ (M FLETCHER) ATTN SSCNC A (D SEARS) USASSCOM NRDEC BLDG 3 RM R-140 NATICK MA 01760-5015

ARL HRED OPTEC FIELD ELEMENT ATTN AMSRL HR MR (D HEADLEY) PARK CENTER IV RM 1450 4501 FORD AVENUE ALEXANDRIA VA 22302-1458

ARL HRED SC&FG FIELD ELEMENT ATTN AMSRL HR MS (L BUCKALEW) SIGNAL TOWERS RM 207 FORT GORDON GA 30905-5233

ARL HRED STRICOM FIELD ELEMENT ATTN AMSRL HR MT (A GALBAVY) 12350 RESEARCH PARKWAY ORLANDO FL 32826-3276

ARL HRED TACOM FIELD ELEMENT ATTN AMSRL HR MU (M SINGAPORE) BLDG200A 2ND FLOOR WARREN MI 48397-5000

ARL HRED USAFAS FIELD ELEMENT ATTN AMSRL HR MF (L PIERCE) BLDG 3040 RM 220 FORT SILL OK 73503-5600

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1 ARLHRED USAIC FIELD ELEMENT ATTN AMSRL HR MW (E REDDEN) BLDG4 ROOM 332 FTBENNING GA 31905-5400

5 ARLHRED USASOC FIELD ELEMENT ATTN AMSRL HR MN (F MALKIN) HQ USASOC BLDGE2929 FORT BRAGG NC 28307-5000

1 US ARMY RSCH DEV STDZN GP-UK ATTN DR MICHAEL H STRUB PSC 802 BOX 15 FPOAE 09499-1500

5 COMMANDER USASOC ATTN AORI SI (MR PERSON) BLDG E2929 FORT BRAGG NC 28307-5000

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND

2 DIRECTOR US ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY ATTN AMSRL CI LP (TECH LIB) BLDG 305 APGAA

1 LIBRARY ARL BLDG 459 APG-AA

1 ARLHRED ERDEC FIELD ELEMENT ATTN AMSRL HR MM (R MCMAHON) BLDG 459 APG-AA

1 USATECOM RYAN BUILDING APG-AA

1 CDN ARMY LO TO TECOM ATTN AMSTE CL TECOM HQ RYAN BLDG

ABSTRACT ONLY

1 DIRECTOR US ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY ATTN AMSRL CS AL TP TECH PUB BR 2800 POWDER MILL RD ADELPHIMD 20783-1197

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REPORT DOCUMENTATION Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE

April 1999 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

Final

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Special Operations Command and Control Element (SOCCE) Preliminary Analysis of Equipment and Personnel Requirements for the Digitized Battlefield

6. AUTHOR(S)

Malkin, F.J. (ARL); Graybill, S. (USASOC)

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

AMS: 622716.H700011 PR: 1L161102B74A PE: 6.11.02

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

U.S. Army Research Laboratory (HRED) ATTN AMSRLHRMN HQ USASOC BldgE2929 Fort Bragg NC 28307-5000

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

U.S. Army Research Laboratory Human Research & Engineering Directorate Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5425

10. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

ARL-TN-136

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

When Army special operations forces (SOF) operate in conjunction with or close to conventional Army forces, a special operations command and control element (SOCCE) is established to synchronize operations and harmonize actions between the SOF and conventional force elements. A SOCCE is usually co-located with an Army corps tactical operations center (TOC). On the emerging digitized battlefield, the corps TOC will be equipped with the Army Tactical Command and Control System (ATCCS) to provide a seamless flow of tactical information to commanders, corps, and below. A SOCCE will also require an ATCCS capability in order to exchange information with the conventional force and successfully perform its mission. A preliminary mission and task analysis was conducted to assist in identifying initial equipment and personnel requirements for a digitized SOCCE employing ATCCS. The outcome of the analysis indicates that if assumptions regarding SOF message format compatibility with ATCCS software are met, the SOCCE will be able to operate with two maneuver control systems (MCS), which is the integration component of ATCCS. The analysis also indicates that, in addition to the existing operations center, the SOCCE will require a signal center to link the operations center with other headquarters within the electronic battlefield command and control architecture. Personnel augmentation will be necessary to fully staff the SOCCE operations center S2 (intelligence) and S3 (operations) functions for 24-hour operations. Recommendations are that the equipment and personnel requirements identified by this analysis be verified during field training exercises and by simulation and modeling, a van or vehicular mounted shelter configuration be considered to house a SOCCE, and documentation be initiated to establish requirements for a system acquisition program.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

command and control digitized battlefield

personnel special forces

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

55 16. PRICE CODE

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT

Unclassified

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

NSN 7540-01-280-5500 51 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18 298-102