special list 227 - international league of antiquarian ... · j soares, notícia da literatura...

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R I C H A R D C. R A M E R

Special List 227African Lusophone Authors

Twenty-Four Works1952-1975

2 r i c h a r d c . r a m e rR I C H A R D C . R A M E ROld and Rare Books

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February 2, 2016


Twenty-Four Works, 1952-1975

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Twenty-Four Works, 1952-1975

Important Angolan Author and Ethnographer— Work Published While Detained by the PIDE in Lisbon

1. ABRANCHES, Henrique [Mário de Carvalho Moutinho]. Diálogo. Lisbon: Edição da Casa dos Estudantes do Império [colophon: Editorial minerva], (1963). Colecção Autores Ultramarinos, Série Literatura, 12. 8°, original illustrated wrappers (minor wear, crease on front wrapper). Cover design by Henrique Abranches. Internally fine; overall in very good condition. Small paper tag on first leaf, printed with word “Ref-erencia,” stamped with number 98058, with “15.00” in pencil below. 55, (1) pp. $180.00

FIRST EDITION of this series of short dialogues. Another edition appeared in 1987, and a third in 2015.

Henrique Abranches (Lisbon, 1932-2004) was an ethnographer, poet, novelist, sculptor, and essayist. In 1947 he moved to Angola, and by the 1950s was publishing extensively on ethnology and folkore in Cultura. In 1961 he was captured by the pIDE (polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado, the portuguese security police). Detained in Lisbon, his Diálogo was published by the Casa dos Estudantes do Império, as was his Manual de etnografia. He also contributed to their periodicals Cultura and Mensagem. In 1962 he aligned himself with the mpLA (movimento popular de Libertação de Angola), establishing with pepetela the Centro de Estudos Angolanos in Argel, where he published a Historia da Angola to be read by the guerrilla fighters. By 1973 he had returned to Angola, taking an active role in mpLA actions. While Angola was still a colony, he published under the pseudonyms mwene Kalungo and mwene Kalungo Lungo.

After independence was declared, Abranches became the national director of muse-ums and monuments, and later founded the Laboratório Nacional de Antropologia. A Konkhava de Féti, published eighteen years after it was written, earned him the prémio Nacional de Literatura awarded by the União dos Escritores Angolanos in 1984; he earned another in 1988 for O Clã de Novembrino.

The Casa dos Estudantes do Império (C.E.I.) played an important role “na formação de uma consciência e de uma literatura nacionais” (Biblos). Created under the Salazar regime in an attempt to support and control foreign students, the C.E.I. became a hotbed of writers who argued and fought for the independence of portuguese colonies in Africa. It was established in 1944 from the merger of separate homes for students from Angola, moçambique, and Cabo Verde. From 1948 to 1964 the C.E.I. issued the monthly magazine Mensagem, in whose pages many writers first appeared who later became important

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figures in their respective national literatures. The Colecção de Autores Ultramarinos, launched in 1958, published many works by young Africans. Among the most prominent members of the C.E.I. were Amílcar Cabral (Guiné-bissau and Cabo Verde), Lúcio Lara and Agostinho Neto (Angola), and marcelino dos Santos (moçambique).

j Soares, Notícia da literatura angolana pp. 193, 195, 209, 314. On the author, see Lourenço do Rosário in Biblos, I, 14-15. Dicionário cronológico de autores portugueses VI, 101-3. On the C.E.I., see maria Aparecida Ribeiro in Biblos I, 1029-30. porbase locates two copies, both at biblioteca Nacional de portugal. Copac locates a single copy, at King’s College London, dated [196-?].

Item 1 (slightly reduced)

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Prominent Angolan Author and Artist’s First Book

2. ANDRADE, [Francisco Fernando da] Costa. Terra de acácias rubras. Lisbon: [colophon] nas oficinas gráficas da Editorial Minerva; Edição do Autor, 1961. Colecção Autores Ultramarinos 6, dirigida por Carlos Eduardo Costa Andrade. 8°, original illustrated wrappers (some wear and soiling). Cover design (a sketch of an African figure) signed by Domingues. Internally fine; overall in very good condition. Signature in blank portion of title page: “Dáskalos” (see below). 45 pp., (1 l.). $300.00

FIRST EDITION of the first published work by poet, sculptor, and politician Fernando Costa Andrade (1936-2009), the “poeta-guerrilheiro do MPLA” (Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola). During the war in Angola in the 1960s and 1970s, he often wrote under the pseudonym Ndunduma wé Lépi. mário de Andrade described him as “o poeta dos feitos de armas, que sabe encontrar no âmago da experiência colectiva o ritmo das pulsações combatentes.”

born in Lépi (province of Huambo), Costa Andrade studied architecture in portu-gal in the 1940s and 1950s. There he and Carlos Ervedosa edited the Colecção Autores Ultramarinos of the Casa dos Estudantes do Império, which played an important role in disseminating the work of Angolan authors who wrote in Portuguese; he collaborated on their journal, Mensagem. He was a founding member of the União dos Escritores Angolanos. During the war, he spent many years in brazil, Yugoslavia, and Italy. Aside from his separate publications, his work appeared in a many periodicals. After Angola achieved independence, Costa Andrade served as director of the Departamento de Informação e propaganda do mpLA ((movimento popular de Libertação de Angola, 1969-1971), then director of the Departamento de Cultura, and director of the Jornal de Angola (1976-1978).

Provenance: The poet Alexandre Dáskalos (Alexandre mendonça de Oliveira Dáska-los, 1924-1961) was born in Huambo, Angola. In the 1940s and 1950s he was a member of the Geração da mensagem, which included Alda Lara and Aires de Almeida Santos, and a co-founder of the Organização Socialista de Angola.

j moser and Ferreira, A New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa nº 506: listing the publisher as Ed. Casa dos Estudantes do Império, 1961, with the same collation. Soares, Notícia da literatura angolana, pp. 13, 173, 193, 198, 209, 214, 217, 220, 221, 286, 292. On the author, see also maria Cristina pacheco in Biblos I, 271-3; and Dicionário cronológico de autores portugueses, VI, 364-5. OCLC: no actual copies; 79199359 is a micro-form at EROmm-microform and Digital masters. porbase locates two copies, both at biblioteca Nacional de portugal. Not located in Copac.


Items 2 and 3 (both greatly reduced)

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Novel Set in an Angolan Hospital

3. ANDRADE, Freire de. A grande burla. (Lisbon): Seara Nova, 1974. Africa 01. Crónica. 8°, original illustrated wrappers (very slight wear). Cover design by Enrique Ruivo. In very good to fine condition. 117 pp., (1 l.). $35.00

FIRST and ONLY EDITION of this novel written in 1964 in Nambuangongo, and dedicated “a todos os que caíram no campo da honra, para não mais se levantarem, como heróis sacrificados a uma causa iníqua, em proveito de sinistros e inconfessáveis propósitos.” It takes place in a hospital over the course of a week.

The author was a native of Angola, which gained its independence the year after this work was published.

j moser and Ferreira, New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa, nº 509. Soares, Notícia da literatura angolana p. 316. porbase locates a single copy, at biblioteca Nacional de portugal. Copac locates a single copy each at british Library and King’s College London.

Rare Collection from Imbondeiro

4. [ANDRADE, Garibaldino de, editor; i.e., Garibaldino de Oliveira da Conceição Andrade]. Contos 66. [Colophon: Sá da bandeira, Angola]: Imbondeiro, 1966. Large 8°, original illustrated wrappers (a few stains, light wear at joints). Cover design by Fernando marques. printer’s device on title page. Internally fine; overall in very good condition. Signature on half title of [illegible] Cardoso de matos, dated 23-9-70. 154 pp., (3 ll.). $200.00

FIRST and ONLY EDITION. Of the authors whose biographies we have been able to check, two were Angolans, one was a native of Cabo Verde, and three were natives of brazil. Five of the thirteen contributors were women.

According the the note printed on the verso of the title page, all these stories were previously unpublished; they were chosen by Garibaldino de Andrade, and the cover was designed by Fernando marques. Each short story has its own divisional title page, on the verso of which is a brief biography of the author.

The contents are:1. Lopes, Basílio. “Um sorriso cor de marfim.” The author was a native

of Luanda.2. Botelho, Fernanda. “Fausto ou o espírito maligno.” The author, a woman, was

a native of porto.3. Alves, Helle. “A mulher e a liberdade.” “A mulher e a incógnita.” “A mulher e a

virtude.” “A mulher e o amor.” The author, another woman, was a Brazilian.4. Martins, Ipiapaba. “As filhas de Giné.” The author was a native of Botucatu, São

paulo, brazil.5. Losa, Ilse. “O quadro.” The author, a Jewish woman, was born in Buer, Germany.

She fled Germany in the 1930s, married a Portuguese, and became a teacher in Porto.6. Silva, Jorge Ferreira da. “O inverno não vem longe.” The author was born in

Lisbon in 1928.


7. Seabra, Manuel de. “Tenho que avisar a Wanda.” One of his works was published in the Colecção Imbondeiro.

8. Carvalho, Maria Judite de. “Rosa numa pensão à Beira-Mar.” 9. Araújo, Matilde Rosa. “Delaide.” When this volume was published, the author

was teaching in Lisbon.10. Albuquerque, Orlando de. “O grande soba.” The author was a physician in

Ganda (province of benguela in Angola).11. Gonçalves, Orlando. “No limiar da porta larga.” 12. Rocha Filho [José Simplicio da]. “Despedida.” The author was born in Maceió

(state of Alagoas, brazil). 13. Virgínio, Teobaldo (pseudonym of Virginio Nobre de Melo). “Noite romântica

com coroa do mar.” The author was a native of Santo Antão, Cabo Verde.Garibaldino Andrade (Garibaldino de Oliveira da Conceição Andrade, ponte de

Sor, portalegre, 1914-Lisbon, 1970), the editor of this volume, was the author of works such as Villa Branca, 1944, and O Sol e a Nuvem, 1946. In 1953 he moved to palanca, Huíla, in Angola, and in 1957 relocated to Sá da bandeira. A few years later, he established the editorial house Imbondeiro, which he ran along with Leonel Cosme.

Imbondeiro was established by Andrade and Cosme in January 1960 in Sá da Ban-deira (now Lumbango). A monthly publication, Colecção Imbondeiro, aimed to disseminate the literature of portugal’s colonies. Within a few months, its circulation had reached two thousand. Imbondeiro also published multi-volume anthologies, including Mákua (poetry), Dendela (children’s literature), Imbondeiro Gigante (short stories), Livro de Bolso Imbondeiro (short stories, novellas, and dramas), Contos d’Africa and Novos contos d’Africa. In these and the 68 issues of the Colecção Imbondeiro, the Imbondeiro press introduced more than sixty authors who were significant in the literature of the Portuguese colonies. Imbondeiro was the largest publisher of its time in Angola. Its rival in publishing authors in the portuguese colonies was the Casa dos Estudantes do Império, based in Lisbon, whose Colecção Autores Ultramarinos tended to be more favorable to the portuguese government. Imbondeiro was so influential that in 1965 the Portuguese authorities shut it down, based partly on the fact that some of Imbondeiro’s authors had expressed disaf-fection with the government.

j moser and Ferreira, A New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa, nº 72; for works by Garibaldino de Andrade, see 72-74, 111, 274, 510-12, 1362, 1527-29, 1696. Not located in Soares, Notícia da literatura angolana; cf. p. 316, where Soares lists Contos de Africa e da Europa, Sá da bandeira: Imbondeiro, 1964, under Garibaldino de Andrade. On Garibaldino de Andrade, see pires Laranjera in Biblos, I, 274-75; and Dicionário cronológico de autores portugueses IV, 538-39. On Imbondeiro, see Leonel Cosme in Biblos III, 1157-58, and Soares, Notícia da literatura angolana p. 208. OCLC: 6738008 (Stony brook University, University of California-Los Angeles, Library of Congress, Northwestern University, University of Illinois). Not located in porbase. Not located in Copac.

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Item 4 (reduced)

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Important Anthology of Short Stories by Angolan Authors, Published by Imbondeiro,

Inscribed by Cândido Velha

5. ANDRADE, Garibaldino [Oliveira da Conceição], and Leonel Cosme, editors. Contos d’Africa. Antologia de contos angolanos. Sá da bandeira, Angola: publicações Imbondeiro, 1961. Colecção Imbondeiro. Large 8°, original illustrated wrappers (minor wear at edges, scattered small brownstains on lower wrapper). Cover design by Fernando marques. Small printer’s device on title page. Light browning. In very good condition. Eight-line inscription signed by the author Cândido da Velha, dated 1961, written warmly to maria Helena [illegible]—possibly a fellow writer. 235 pp., (2 ll.). $350.00

FIRST and ONLY EDITION. Short stories by Angolan authors: Leonel Cosme, Lilia da Fonseca, Luís Ataída banazol, mário António, António Narino e Silva, Rebello de Andrade, Costa Andrade, Oscar Ribas, Cochat Osório, Eduardo Teófilo, and Garibaldino de Andrade. The cover design is by Fernando marques. The introduction (Propósito) is signed by Garibaldino de Andrade and Leonel Cosme.

Imbondeiro was established by Garibaldino de Andrade and Leonel Cosme in January 1960 in Sá da Bandeira (now Lumbango). A monthly publication, Colecção Imbon-deiro, aimed to disseminate the literature of portugal’s colonies. Within a few months, its circulation had reached two thousand. Imbondeiro also published multi-volume anthologies, including Mákua (poetry), Dendela (children’s literature), Imbondeiro Gigante (short stories), Livro de Bolso Imbondeiro (short stories, novellas, and dramas), Contos d’Africa and Novos contos d’Africa. In these and the 68 issues of the Colecção Imbondeiro, the Imbondeiro press introduced more than sixty authors who were significant in the literature of the portuguese colonies. Imbondeiro was the largest publisher of its time in Angola. Its rival in publishing authors in the portuguese colonies was the Casa dos Estudantes do Império, based in Lisbon, whose Colecção Autores Ultramarinos tended to be more favorable to the Portuguese government. Imbondeiro was so influential that in 1965 the portuguese authorities shut it down, based partly on the fact that some of Imbondeiro’s authors had expressed disaffection with the government.

Provenance: Cândido Manuel de Oliveira da Velha (b. Ílhavo, district of Aveiro, 1933), son of a deep-sea fisherman, studied in Aveiro before moving to Lisbon in 1951 and Angola in 1957. There he joined the Sociedade Cultural de Angola, which was shut down in 1965 by the governor-general. His professional life put him in contact with the working classes in Luanda, Huambo, Bié, Benguela, Cuanza-Sul, Huíla, and Moçâmedes, which had a profound influence on his poetry. From 1958 to 1975 he collaborated on many periodicals in Luanda, including A Província de Angola, Jornal de Angola, and Prisma. He returned to portugal in 1975, settling in baixo Alentejo. principal works include Quero-te, Intangîvel, Africa, 1963, As idades de pedra, 1969, Corporália, 1972, Signo de Caranguejo, 1972, Memória breve de uma cidade, 1988, and Navio dentro do mapa, 1994. Velha was awarded the prémio da Anangola, 1959, the prémio de poesia da Associação dos Naturais de Angola in 1963, and the prémio motta Veiga, 1969.

j moser and Ferreira, New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa, nº 1528: listing it under Garibaldino de [Oliveira da Conceição] Andrade and Leonel Cosme. On the Imbondeiro press, see Leonel Cosme in Biblos III, 1157-58, and Soares, Notícia da literatura angolana p. 208. Not located in porbase. Copac locates copies at british Library, King’s College London, Oxford University, and manchester University.

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Item 5 (reduced)

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Moser & Ferreira: “One of the few consciously African writers who have achieved artistic excellence in their Portuguese writings”

6. ANTÓNIO, M.[ário]. Luanda “ilha” crioula. Lisbon: Agência-Geral do Ultramar, 1968. Large 8°, original illustrated wrappers (minor wear, small nick at foot of spine). printer’s device on title page. Internally fine; overall in very good to fine condition. 162 pp., (2, 1 blank ll.), with addenda tipped in at half title. $35.00

FIRST and ONLY EDITION of this collection. The essays are: “Quadro de referên-cia: o ‘Arquipélago Sul-Atlântico português’ ‘‘; “Luanda, ‘ilha’ crioula’; “Um intelectual angolense do século XIX” [on J.D. Cordeiro da Matta]; “O romancista angolense António de Assis Júnior”; “Tomaz Vieira da Cruz, poeta”; and “A obra literária de Óscar Ribas.” A French translation appeared in 1970 under the title Luanda, “ilha” crioula.

mário António (mário António Fernandes de Oliveira, maquela do Zombo, 1934-Lisbon, 1989), poet, essayist and short-story writer, was a native of Angola. In the 1950s he was one of a new generation of poets who advocated socialism and Angolan autonomy, and published in the short-lived but important journal Mensagem. He was also published in Távola Redonda (Lisbon, 1952), in the series edited by the Casa dos Estudantes do Império in Lisbon (1960-1963), in the Colecções Imbondeiro published at Sá da bandeira (1960-1966), in the Edições Capricornio (1974), and by the Agência Geral de Colónias (1962-1968). Writing in 1969, moser noted that after racial warfare erupted in northern Angola, terror silenced the poets for years: “Hesitatingly, some small voices of reconciliation made themselves heard again, above all the poet mário António, who in prose and verse expressed the nostalgia, the anguish, but also the enduring hopes of the young mulattoes in the ‘Creole islands’ (as he aptly called the old cities of Luanda and Benguela)….” (p. 26). Moser and Ferreira describe him as “one of the few consciously African writers who have achieved artistic excellence in their portuguese writings” (Bibliografia das literaturas africanas de expressão portuguesa, p. 56).

j moser and Ferreira, A New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa, nº 1661; and 40 other citations. Moser and Ferreira, Bibliografia das literaturas africanas de expressão portuguesa, p. 56, and many other citations. Soares, Notícia da literatura angolana pp. 194-205; also pp. 157, 172, 174, 179, 181, 186, 187, 207, 209-10, 213, 214. Moser, Essays in Portuguese-African Literature pp. 26, 67, 76, 77, 78. See also Dicionário cronológico de autores portugueses, VI, 244-6; and Maria Aparecida Ribeiro in Biblos, I, 339-40. Copac locates one copy each at manchester University and School of Oriental and African Studies-University of London, plus one (or more?) at british Library.

One of Angola’s Best Authors

7. ANTÓNIO, Mário. Mahezu: tradições angolanas. Capa e ilustrações de José Antunes. Lisbon: Serviço de pubicações Ultramarinas, procuradoria dos Estudantes Ultramarinos, 1966. Large 8°, original illustrated wrap-pers (slightly soiled). Front wrapper and illustrations by José Antunes.


Title-page, section titles and illustrations in text printed in green and black. In very good condition. 70 pp., (3 ll.), 8 ll. color plates. $100.00

FIRST EDITION of a collection of traditional Angolan stories, freely retold. The author notes that he read Chatelain’s Contos populares de Angola, Ennis’ Umbundu Folk Tales from Angola, and other works, and “construí as histórias que aí ficam. Nelas, o folclore foi, sobretudo, sugestão” (p. 71).

mário António (mário António Fernandes de Oliveira, maquela do Zombo, 1934-Lisbon, 1989), poet, essayist and short-story writer, was a native of Angola. In the 1950s he was one of a new generation of poets who advocated socialism and Angolan autonomy, and published in the short-lived but important journal Mensagem. He was also published in Távola Redonda (Lisbon, 1952), in the series edited by the Casa dos Estudantes do Império in Lisbon (1960-1963), in the Colecções Imbondeiro published at Sá da bandeira (1960-1966), in the Edições Capricornio (1974), and by the Agência Geral de Colónias (1962-1968). Writing in 1969, moser noted that after racial warfare erupted in northern Angola, terror silenced the poets for years: “Hesitatingly, some small voices of reconciliation made themselves heard again, above all the poet mário António, who in prose and verse expressed the nostalgia, the anguish, but also the enduring hopes of the young mulattoes in the ‘Creole islands’ (as he aptly called the old cities of Luanda and Benguela)….” (p. 26). Moser and Ferreira describe him as “one of the few consciously African writers who have achieved artistic excellence in their portuguese writings” (Bibliografia das literaturas africanas de expressão portuguesa, p. 56).

j moser & Ferreira, Bibliografia das literaturas africanas de expressão portuguesa pp. 56, 66, 78: calling for only 73 pp.; see also 7, 17, 52, 62, 78, 100, 118, 233-43, 245, 247, 251-6, 258, 263, 265-7, 278, 300-4, 309 (various essays by and about the author). moser, Essays in Portuguese-African Literature pp. 26, 67, 76, 77, 78. See also Dicionário cronológico de autores portugueses, VI, 244-6; and Maria Aperecida Ribeiro in Biblos, I, 339-40. Copac locates one copy each at british Library, manchester University, and School of Oriental and African Studies-University of London.

Dramas for Young Angolans

8. [COMMISSARIO PROVINCAL DA MOCIDADE PORTUGUESA, Divisão de Angola]. 12 Peças de teatro juvenil. Luanda: n.pr., 1970. 8°, original printed wrappers (faded; upper cover scratched and creased; lower cover lightly soiled, with adhesive sticker probably covering price; spine faded and creased; a few quires starting). Set or reproduced in various fonts, including Courier. Slight foxing. In good condition. Each drama’s divisional title has a rubber-stamped number at upper right, from 2264 to 2275. 258 pp. $350.00

Includes the following plays aimed at a young audience:Soares, Maria Isabel de Mendonça (b.1922). “Al-Godinho e al-Godão.” Lemos, Esther de (b. 1929). “Aqui há gato.” Alberty, Ricardo (1919-1992). “O Feiticeiro que tinha flores no nariz… e os dois

meninos traquinas.” Viana, António Manuel Couto (1923-2010). “Não, Clarim!—Sim, Clarão!”

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Muller, A[dolfo] Simões (1909-1989). “O Príncipe das mãos vazias.” Viana, Maria Adelaide Couto (1921-1990). “Também os bonecos falam.” Viana, António Manuel Couto (1923-2010). “Acto e o destino.” Guerreiro, Cândido (1871-1953). “Auto das rosas de Santa Maria.” Viana, A[tonio] M[anuel] Couto (1923-2010). “Auto do capitão de Deus.” Assunção, João Carlos Beckert d’ (b. 1924). “Nada de novo. Nada!” Viana, António Manuel Couto (1923-2010). “A Tentação do reino.” Amado, Fernando (1899-1968). “Véspera de combate.”Of these authors only one is listed in moser and Ferreira: Esther Lemos, who con-

tributed an introduction to maria manuela de Figueiredo Cerqueira’s Menino do deserto, Lisbon, 1969. porbase lists from half a dozen to several dozen works for each author.

j Not located in moser and Ferreira, A New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa; cf. 667, with an introduction by Esther Lemos. None of these authors are listed in Soares, Notícia da literatura angolana, or in moser, Essays in Portuguese-African Literature. Not located in OCLC. Not located in porbase. Not located in Copac.

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Item 10 (slightly reduced)

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First and Only Collection by One of the Most Highly Regarded of the First Generation of Prose Writers from Mozambique

9. DIAS, João [Bernardo]. Godido e outros contos. Lisbon: [inside back wrapper] sob o patricînio da Secção de moçambique da Casa dos Estu-dantes do Império de Lisboa; [colophon] Composto e impresso na Casa minerva, Coimbra, 1952. África Nova, 1. 8°, original illustrated wrap-pers (light soiling and spotting). Cover design by António Aires. Light browning. Uncut and unopened. In very good condition. Frontispiece photographic portrait, 102 pp., (1 l.). $75.00

FIRST EDITION of the first and only collection by one of the most highly regarded of the first generation of prose writers from Mozambique, who died at the age of twenty-two; it was published posthumously.

The short piece “Quenguelequezée,” which first appeared in A Ilha, was issued separately as Godido in 1950, with 15 pages. publication of Godinho e outros contos, sixteen pieces plus two introductory pieces, was funded after Dias’s death by the Angolan Alda Lara and Dias’s fellow mozambicans, Orlando de Albuquerque and Vítor Evaristo. The volume was published as the first in the África Nova series issued by the Secção de moçambique of the C.E.I. (Casa dos Estudantes do Império), with a biography of Dias on the wrapper. The collection was published again in 1988, 1989, and 2014. Dias’s friends intended to publish his other writings, but were prevented by portuguese censors. The manuscripts were lost in transit on their way back to mozambique.

The hero of this volume’s title story, Godido, is taken from Rui de Noronha’s poem of the same name, and refers to the son and heir of Gungunhana, last emperor of Gaza (southern mozambique and southeastern Zimbabwe). Gungunhana was defeated by the portuguese in 1895 and sent into exile in Lisbon, along with his son. The other stories in the collection are autobiographical.

João Bernardo Dias (Maputo, 1926-Lisbon, 1949) was the son of one of the direc-tors of Brado Africano. For three years he attended Coimbra to study law, where he was shunned not only by Portuguese but by whites from Moçambique. He did find some fellow spirits, and contributed articles to periodicals such as Meridiano and A Ilha (from the Azores). Having fallen ill with tuberculosis he moved to Lisbon, but had difficulty finding a physician who would treat him, and died. His name became a symbol for young intellectuals from Mozambique, who created the “Brigada João Dias.”

Writing in 1969, Moser commented, “So far, little good prose has come out of Mozambique from Negro writers. João Dias opened the way perhaps with his sad tales of color prejudice (Godido e outros contos, posthumously published, 1952).” Forty years later, in the authoritative reference work Biblios, Enciclopédia Verbo das literaturas de língua portuguesa, Godinho e outros contos and its author are each given their own articles. The Dicionário cronológico describes these stories as “os primeiros, cronologicamente falando, de uma verdadeira literatura moçambicana de língua portuguesa.”

The cover design (reminiscent of picasso’s Guernica) is by António Aires, who died in 1951; a brief biography of him, with a photograph, is reprinted at the end of the volume.

The Casa dos Estudantes do Império (C.E.I.) played an important role “na formação de uma consciência e de uma literatura nacionais” (Biblos). Created under the Salazar regime in an attempt to support and control foreign students, the C.E.I. became a hotbed of writers who argued and fought for the independence of portuguese colonies in Africa. It was established in 1944 from the merger of separate homes for students from Angola, moçambique, and Cabo Verde. From 1948 to 1964 the C.E.I. issued the monthly magazine


Mensagem, in whose pages many writers first appeared who later became important figures in their respective national literatures. The Colecção de Autores Ultramarinos, launched in 1958, published many works by young Africans. Among the most prominent members of the C.E.I. were Amílcar Cabral (Guiné-bissau and Cabo Verde), Lúcio Lara and Agostinho Neto (Angola), and marcelino dos Santos (moçambique).

j moser and Ferreira, New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa, nº 2615. moser, Essays in Portuguese-African Literature p. 28. On the author, see maria Aparecida Ribeiro in Biblos, II, 126-5; on Godido e outros contos, ibid., II, 832-33. Dicionário cronológico de autores portugueses V, 470-1. On the C.E.I., see maria Aparecida Ribeiro in Biblos I, 1029-30. NUC: CLU, mH. porbase locates a single copy, at biblioteca Nacional de portugal. Copac locates a single copy, at manchester University.

Rare Collection of Angolan Poets from the Casa dos Estudantes do Império

10. EDUARDO, Carlos, compiler; introduction by Mário António. Poetas angolanos. Com um estudo de Mário António. [Front wrapper:] Colectânea de Carlos Eduardo. [Title page verso] Lisbon: Casa dos Estudantes do Império, n.d [1959]. 4°, original illustrated wrappers (slight browning and soiling, corners bumped, three tears at head of lower wrapper, each less than 1 cm.). Reproduction of a typescript. Some pages have faint line drawings in pink or blue behind the text. The back wrapper gives credit for “decoração” to Rui Mendo e Costa Andrade. Scattered mild foxing. In good condition. Signature on sec-ond leaf of Cândido de Velha (a writer). Stamps on first leaf: “Oferta da C E I” (the publisher). (12 ll.), 64 pp., with 3 additional leaves [1 l. after p. 4, each side paginated “MG”, plus 2 ll. after p. 24, each side paginated “AJ”]. $280.00

First separate edition; according to the rear wrapper, this is an offprint from the Boletim da Casa dos Estudantes do Império, which was under the direction of A.A. Tomas medeiros. The cover design is by Rui mendo e Costa Andrade. The poems are by Ago-stinho Neto, Aires Almeida Santos, Alda Lara, Alexandre Dáskalos, Amilcar barca, Antero Abreu, António Cardoso, António Jacinto, António Neto, Arnaldo Santos, Cochat Osório, Ermelinda Xavier, Ernesto Lara, Fernando Costa Andrade, Geraldo bessa Victor, Humberto da Silva, João Abel, José Graça, Leston Martins, Lília da Fonseca, Manuel Lima, Mário António, Maurício Almeida Gomes, Tomás Jorge, and Viriato Cruz. Pages 57-61 contain “Notas Biográficas” for the authors, which range from two to twelve lines.

The Poetas angolanos listed in moser and Ferreira (New Bibliography nº 1549), pub-lished in Lisbon by the Casa dos Estudantes do Império, 1962, is substantially enlarged, with 137 pages. It includes sixteen folk poems in several African languages as well as works by H. Lopes Guerra, Lunandino Vieira, and T. Vieira da Cruz. However, it does not include the works in the present volume by eight authors: Amilcar barca, Antero Abreu, António Neto, Ermelinda Xavier, Humberto da Silva, José Graça, Leston Martins, and Lília da Fonseca.

The Casa dos Estudantes do Império (C.E.I.) played an important role “na formação de uma consciência e de uma literatura nacionais” (Biblos). Created under the Salazar

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regime in an attempt to support and control foreign students, the C.E.I. became a hotbed of writers who argued and fought for the independence of portuguese colonies in Africa. It was established in 1944 from the merger of separate homes for students from Angola, moçambique, and Cabo Verde. From 1948 to 1964 the C.E.I. issued the monthly magazine Mensagem, in whose pages many writers first appeared who later became important figures in their respective national literatures. The Colecção de Autores Ultramarinos, launched in 1958, published many works by young Africans. Among the most prominent members of the C.E.I. were Amílcar Cabral (Guiné-bissau and Cabo Verde), Lúcio Lara and Agostinho Neto (Angola), and marcelino dos Santos (moçambique).

j Not in moser and Ferreira, New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa, which lists as nº 1549 Poetas angolanos, pref. Departamento Cultural, Alfredo margarido, published by the Casa dos Estudantes do Império in 1962, with 137 pp. On the C.E.I., see maria Aparecida Ribeiro in Biblos I, 1029-30. OCLC: 799118296 (Limoges-bUFR Letters, without note of the extra leaves). Not located in porbase. Not located in Copac.



Winner of the Prémio Camilo Pessanha, 1969

11. FERREIRA, Jorge. Saudade macua (poemas). Lisbon: Agência-Geral do Ultramar, 1971. 4°, original illustrated wrappers (minor soiling on lower wrapper; one corner bumped). Slightly browned. In very good to fine condition. 76 pp., (1, 1 blank ll.). $35.00

FIRST and ONLY EDITION of this collection of poetry, winner of the prémio Camilo pessanha in 1969, awarded by the Agência Geral do Ultramar. page 73 has a brief vocabulary of macua (makhuwa or makua), a bantu language of northern moçambique spoken in the Nampula province, north of the Zambezi River. The author was a native of Moçambique; this was his first book of poetry (p. 9).

j moser and Ferreira, New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa, nº 2637. porbase locates a copy each at biblioteca Nacional de portugal, Universidade de Lisboa, and Universidade do porto. Copac locates a copy each at british Library, School of Oriental and African Studies, and manchester University.


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Item 12 (reduced)


Prominent Angolan Poet and Activist

12. LARA FILHO, Ernesto [Ferreira Pires Barreto de]. Seripipi na gaiola. Luanda: [colophon] AbC, 1970. 4°, original illustrated wrappers (lower wrapper lightly soiled). Endpapers slightly foxed. In very good condi-tion. 30 pp., (1 l.). $200.00

FIRST EDITION of this collection of poems; they were later included in O Canto do Martrindinde, 1974.

Ernesto Lara Filho (benguela, 1932-Huambo, 1977) was a poet and journalist. After studying at Coimbra and working briefly in Mozambique, he returned to his native Angola to take up a career as a journalist. He collaborated on Comércio e Diário de Luanda, ABC, and the Jornal de Angola. In 1961 he published his first book of poetry, Picada de Marimbondo. The following year, traveling in paris, he became active in the Angolan independence movement. back in Angola in 1964, his O Canto de Martrindinde e outros poemas feitos no Puto was withdrawn from circulation by the colonial authorities. His 1972-73 essays in the “Artes e Letras” supplement of the daily Provîncia de Angola brought him fame in Angola and elsewhere.

j moser and Ferreira, New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa, nº 914. Soares, Notícia da literatura angolana, pp. 99, 174, 177, 195, 197, 207-210, 212-23, 225, 229, 231, 232, 233, 264, 287, 294, 300, 301, 325, 326. Dicionário cronológico de autores portu-gueses VI, 141-2. On the author, see Ana margarida Fonseca in Biblos II, 1350-51. OCLC: 60660685 (Harvard University, Northwestern University). Not located in porbase. Not located in Copac.

The First Important Novel Set in the the Angolan War of Independence

13. LIMA, Manuel [Guedes] dos Santos. As lágrimas e o vento. Romance. Lisbon: África Editora, 1975. 8°, original illustrated wrappers (two corners slightly bumped, light soiling on back cover). Cover design by Edmundo Tenreiro, based on a woodcut by Altino Maia. In fine condi-tion. Four-line author’s inscription on title-page: “Com as saudações // do // manuel Lima // 21 XI 84”. 295, (1) pp. $350.00

FIRST EDITION; a second was published in Porto, 1989, and a third in Luanda, 2004. many consider this novel (narrated by a guerrilla who had deserted from the por-tuguese army) “um dos melhores romances da guerra colonial portuguesa” (Dicionário cronológico). Biblos describes it as “a primeira grande narrativa a ficcionalizar a guerra de libertação de Angola. Transitando entre o ficcional e o memorialístico, mostra, de um lado, a vivência do exército português e, de outro, a resistência dos guerrilheiros angolanos, ao mesmo tempo em que significa um pacto com os despossuídos da história e um gesto do apoio aos líderes revolucionários.” The work remained unpublished until Angola achieved independence.

The cover of this edition, by Edmundo Tenreiro, was based on a woodcut created by Altino Maia in 1961, “em homenagem aos guerrilheiros mortos, após a eclosão da luta pela independência.”

manuel Guedes dos Santos Lima (a.k.a. manuel Lima or Santos Lima, b. Silva Porto [now Bié], Angola, 1935) is a poet, novelist, playwright and a political activist: “É

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Item 13 (reduced)


pois, simultaneamente, uma referência política e cultural incontornavel no estudo da história angolana” (Dicionário cronológico). His first novel , As Sementes da liberdade, was based on his childhood in Silva porto. After attending secondary school in Lisbon he studied at the Universidade de Lisboa and received his doctorate from the University of Lausanne. He was a member of the Casa dos Estudantes do Império and contributed to its periodical, Mensagem. His attendance at several international congresses drew the attention of the pIDE (policia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado), which forbade him to leave portugal from 1958 to 1961. In 1961 he deserted the portuguese army and began to fight for Angolan independence, founding and leading the Exército Popular de Liber-tação de Angola (EpLA) and becoming the head of the Departamento de Guerra of the mpLA (movimento popular de Libertação de Angola). As Lágrimas e o vento is based on his experiences at this time. His other major works are Kissange, 1961, Os Anões e os mendigos, 1984, and A Pele do Diabo, 1977. Santos Lima also published widely in Canadian and American periodicals.

j moser and Ferreira, New Bibliography of Lusopohone Literatures of Africa, nº 929. Soares, Notícia da literatura angolana pp. 193, 216, 231, 325. Dicionário cronológico de autores portugueses VI, 331-3. On the author, see Laura Cavalcante padilha in Biblos, III, 49-51. porbase locates a single copy each at biblioteca Nacional de portugal and biblioteca Pública Municipal Penafiel. Copac locates copies at Glasgow University and School of Oriental and African Studies.

Poetry and Short Stories by Authors from Cabo Verde, Guiné, São Tomé e Príncipe, Angola, and Moçambique

14. NEVES, João Alves das, editor. Poetas e contistas africanos. Cabo Verde. Guiné. São Tomé e Príncipe. Angola. Moçambique. Introdução e seleção de João Alves das Neves. São paulo: Editora brasiliense, 1963. 8°, original illustrated wrappers (minor wear). Cover design by Edgar Koetz. In good to very good condition. Stamped “498” on verso of half title (of an unspecified number of copies). (4 ll.), 211 pp., (1 l.). $30.00

FIRST and ONLY EDITION. One part is an anthology of poetry, including seven authors from Cabo Verde, two from Guiné, five from São Tomé e Príncipe, ten from Angola, and ten from moçambique. The other part includes short stories by four authors from Cabo Verde, two from Guiné, one from São Tomé e Príncipe, five from Angola, and five from Moçambique.

The cover design is by Edgar Koetz. Alves das Neves collected the works and con-tributed the “Introdução às literaturas africanas de expressão portuguesa” (pp. 1-12).

João Alves das Neves, essayist and journalist, was born in Pisão de Coja (Arganil, near Coimbra) in 1927. He studied in Lisbon, porto, and in paris at the Ecole Supérieure du Journalisme. Back in Lisbon, he was editor of the Diário Ilustrado and contributed to many other periodicals. From 1958 to 1989 he was based in brazil, where he edited O Estado de S. Paulo and other journals, including the Jornal de Angola and Imbondeiro. He organized over a hundred exhibitions, including many on portuguese printing, notably one for UNESCO in paris in 1991. His published works on portuguese, brazilian, and African literature run to several dozen.

j Not in moser and Ferreira, New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa, although the index cites it as nº 220a (nº 220 is Alves das Neves’s essay “As literaturas

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africanas de expressão portuguesa e a influência dos modernos escritorses brasileiros,” in Temas luso-brasileiros, Coll. Ensaio, 28 (São paulo, 1663, with 211 pp.). Dicionário cronológico de autores portugueses V, 550-1. porbase locates a copy each at biblioteca Nacional de Portugal and Biblioteca João Paulo II-Universidade Católica Portuguesa. Copac locates a copy each at Cardiff University and King’s College London.

Item 14 (reduced)


Item 15 (reduced)

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Novellas from the Imbondeiro Press

15. NOGUEIRA, [António] Horácio [Alves]. A vida recomeça hoje. Sá da bandeira, Angola: publicações Imbondeiro, 1962. 8°, original illustrated wrappers (minor wear at edges, wrapper detached from book block). Printer’s device on title page; a larger version of the device, in black and white, is on the front wrapper. Unopened. Light browning. In good to very good condition. 150 pp., (1 l.). $200.00

FIRST and ONLY EDITION of this collection of three novellas: “A vida recomeça hoje,” “Natal em S. Tomé,” and “O velho plano” (the third unrelated to Africa).

Horácio Nogueira (António Horácio Alves Nogueira, b. Góis, Coimbra, 1925), a Catholic priest and educator, went as a missionary to Africa, settling in malanje, Angola, in 1958. He published his first book of poetry in 1960 (Cabo Verde), and soon became tied to the Imbondeiro publishing house. His work was included in Imbondeiro’s Novos contos d’Africa, 1962.

Imbondeiro was established by Garibaldino de Andrade and Leonel Cosme in January 1960 in Sá da Bandeira (now Lumbango). A monthly publication, Colecção Imbon-deiro, aimed to disseminate the literature of portugal’s colonies. Within a few months, its circulation had reached two thousand. Imbondeiro also published multi-volume anthologies, including Mákua (poetry), Dendela (children’s literature), Imbondeiro Gigante (short stories), Livro de Bolso Imbondeiro (short stories, novellas, and dramas), Contos d’Africa and Novos contos d’Africa. In these and the 68 issues of the Colecção Imbondeiro, the Imbondeiro press introduced more than sixty authors who were significant in the literature of the portuguese colonies. Imbondeiro was the largest publisher of its time in Angola. Its rival in publishing authors in the portuguese colonies was the Casa dos Estudantes do Império, based in Lisbon, whose Colecção Autores Ultramarinos tended to be more favorable to the Portuguese government. Imbondeiro was so influential that in 1965 the portuguese authorities shut it down, based partly on the fact that some of Imbondeiro’s authors had expressed disaffection with the government.

j moser and Ferreira, A New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa, nº 1134; by this author, see also 1135, 1136, 1144, 1529, 2053, and 3163. Soares, Notícia da lit-eratura angolana, p. 329. Dicionário cronológico de autores portugueses V, 425. On Imbondeiro, see Leonel Cosme in Biblos III, 1157-58, and Soares, Notícia da literatura angolana p. 208. porbase locates a single copy, at biblioteca Nacional de portugal. Copac locates a copy each at King’s College London and manchester University.

Novel by One of the Most Important Angolan Writers of the Colonial Period

16. RIBAS, Óscar [Bento]. Ecos da minha terra. Dramas angolanos. Lis-bon: Oficinas Gráficas de Ramos, Afonso & Moita, Lda., 1952. Large 8°, original printed wrappers (some wear and bumping, spine browned, front hinge weak). Woodcut vignette of an African scene on title page. Uncut. Internally fine. In good to very good condition. Early ink manu-script inscription on half title: “O último // exemplar à venda // em


Luanda—já um pouco velhote. // Um abraço de // [illegible]”. xix pp., (2 ll.), 183 pp., (2 ll. index). $200.00

FIRST EDITION. Later editions appeared in 1953, 1988, 1989, 2002, 2004, and 2009. An English translation was printed by Faioleán/Seagull (maynooth, Co. Kildare, and bristol), 2006. The plays included are Damba Maria, Bango a Mussungo, Gente do mar, O ladrão e o feiticeiro, Noite de saudades, Hebo, Miado que enternece, Qual dói mais?, A Praga, and Os humildes.

Ribas is one of the most esteemed Angolan writers of the colonial period: “Escri-tor fecundo e polivalente distinguido com prémios internacionais e representado em antologias angolanas, portuguesas e estrangeiras, como ficcionista, poeta, cronista e etnógrafo, a sua obra, na maior parte realizada durante o período colonial, conseguiu a unanimidade da crítica de diversos quadrantes políticos e culturais, que lhe reconhecem o desmesurado esforço e o amplo sentido da sua angolanidade” (Biblos).

blind from the age of 21, Oscar Ribas (Luanda, 1909-Lisbon, 2004) was a folklorist, ethnographer, and a forerunner of modern Angolan literature. His first published book, a collection of tales about blacks, was published in 1927 (Nuvens que passam), with Resgate duma falta following in 1929. At about this time he began to lose his eyesight, but continued his research and writing. His later novels include Flores e espinhos, 1950; Uanga, 1950; and Ecos da minha terra, 1952. Ribas also authored Ilundo, Divindades e ritos angolanos, 1958, based on 18 years of study of mbundu oral literature, culture, and religion, and a three-volume work on Angolan literature, Missosso, 1961-1964. His works have appeared in numerous anthologies and periodicals. Ribas was awarded the Ordem do Infante Dom Henrique in 1962 and the Medal Gonçalves Dias by the Bibioteca Nacional of Rio de Janeiro in 1968. In 1983 he moved to portugal, where he spent the rest of his life.

j moser, Essays in Portuguese-African Literature, pp. 8, 77. moser and Ferreira, New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa 1233. Soares, Notícia da literatura ango-lana pp. 143-46; also 9, 13, 103, 129, 130, 157, 294, 301, 331. On the author, see Dicionário cronológico de autores portugueses IV, 407-8; also Leonel Cosme in Biblos IV, 76-67. porbase locates two copies, both at biblioteca Nacional de portugal. Copac locates a single copy, at School of Oriental and African Studies.

17. RIBAS, Óscar [Bento]. Sunguilando: contos tradicionais angolanos. Lisbon: Agência-Geral do Ultramar, 1967. 4°, original illustrated wrap-pers (rear wrapper slightly spotted). In very good to fine condition. 222 pp., (2, 1 blank ll.). $90.00

FIRST EDITION; a second appeared in 1989. The title of this book translates roughly to “Evening Pastimes”. It consists of Kimbundu tales translated into Portuguese, with Kimbundu words and songs left in the original language within the tales.

Ribas is one of the most esteemed Angolan writers of the colonial period: “Escri-tor fecundo e polivalente distinguido com prémios internacionais e representado em antologias angolanas, portuguesas e estrangeiras, como ficcionista, poeta, cronista e etnógrafo, a sua obra, na maior parte realizada durante o período colonial, conseguiu a

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unanimidade da crítica de diversos quadrantes políticos e culturais, que lhe reconhecem o desmesurado esforço e o amplo sentido da sua angolanidade” (Biblos).

blind from the age of 21, Oscar Ribas (Luanda, 1909-Lisbon, 2004) was a folklorist, ethnographer, and a forerunner of modern Angolan literature. His first published book was a collecction of tales about blacks, published in 1927 (Nuvens que passam), with Resgate duma falta following in 1929. At about this time he began to lose his eyesight, but continued his research and writing. His later novels include Flores e espinhos, 1950; Uanga, 1950; and Ecos da minha terra, 1952. Ribas also authored Ilundo, Divindades e ritos angolanos, 1958, based on 18 years of study of mbundu oral literature, culture, and religion, and a three-volume work on Angolan literature, Missosso, 1961-1964. Ribas was awarded the Ordem do Infante Dom Henrique in 1962 and the medal Gonçalves Dias by the bibioteca Nacional of Rio de Janeiro in 1968. His works have appeared in numerous anthologies and periodicals. In 1983 he moved to portugal, where he spent the rest of his life.

j moser, Essays in Portuguese-African Literature pp. 8, 77. moser & Ferreira, Bibliografia das literaturas africanas de expressão portuguesa pp. 7, 17, 28, 30, 37, 109, 114, 233, 234, 235, 237, 238, 239, 242, 243, 245, 247, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254, 255, 259, 264, 265, 266, 302, 304; New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa 386. Soares, Notícia da literatura ango-lana pp. 143-46; also 9, 13, 103, 129, 130, 157, 294, 301, 331. On the author, see Dicionário cronológico de autores portugueses IV, 407-8; also Leonel Cosme in Biblos IV, 76-67. porbase locates one copy each at biblioteca Central da marinha, biblioteca Nacional de portugal, and Biblioteca João Paulo II-Universidade Católica Portuguesa. Copac locates a single copy of this edition, at manchester University.

Heroic Portuguese Colonists

18. RIBEIRO, Ernesto de Queiroz. Mesungo (novela). porto: [half title verso] Composição, Impressão e Encadern. das Ofic. Gráf. de “O Comér-cio do porto”], (1954). 4°, original illustrated wrappers (rear wrapper soiled; slight defect at foot of spine). Light browning. In good to very good condition. 133 pp., (1 l.). $50.00

FIRST EDITION; a second appeared in 1963. This novella is set during the coloniza-tion of Angola and the author’s native Moçambique. In the introduction, Queiroz Ribeiro states that portuguese have a special place in Africa, by virtue of having been there so long before other Europeans; this is why in Bantu they are called mesungo (white), while other Europeans are referred to by their nationalities. “Esta diferenciação, na aparência, insignificante tem, na realidade, significado de grande importância, que se traduz na consideração e estima que os indígenas mostram pelos portugueses” (p. 7). Chapter titles mention portuguese missionaries, agricultural colonization, Tanganyika and Kenya (Dar-es-Salaam, Zanzibar, mombassa), Djibouti, the Red Sea, and Egypt (Cairo, port Said).

j moser and Ferreira, New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa, nº 59: giving the date of publication as (1954). Not in Soares, Notícia da literatura angolana. Not located in NUC. OCLC: 8838316 (University of California-berkeley, University of Florida, Northwestern University, Indiana University, Harvard University, University of Wisconsin-Madison); 729329544 (University of Zurich); 697185413 (digitized). Porbase locates a single copy, at biblioteca Nacional de portugal. Copac locates a single copy, at manchester University.

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Items 18, 20 and 19 (all greatly reduced)


First Book in Prose by a Prominent Angolan Writer, About the Bairro in Luanda Where He Grew Up

19. SANTOS, Arnaldo [Moreira dos]. Quinaxixe. Lisbon: Edição da Casa dos Estudantes do Império, (1965). Colecção Autores Ultramari-nos, Série Literatura, 15. Small 8°, original illustrated wrappers slight soiling to rear cover). Cover design by José João. In very good to fine condition. 105 pp., (3 ll.). $80.00

FIRST EDITION of these short stories by an Angolan author; a second edition appeared in 2015. The stories focus on customs and types of the Quinaxixe, the bairro in Luanda where Santos grew up.

Santos was born in Luanda in 1935. While working as a public functionary, he began publishing in periodicals such as Cultura, Jornal de Angola, ABC, and Mensagem. moser identifies Santos as the most important poet to emerge from Cultura.

His first book was a collection of poetry, Fuga, 1960, but with Quinaxixe (or Kinaxixe), 1965, he switched most of his efforts to prose. Santos continued to publish numerous works of prose and poetry and became a founding member of the União dos Escritores Angolanos and director of the Editora of the mpLA (movimento popular de Libertação de Angola—partido do Trabalho), which defeated the portuguese army in the Angolan War of Independence (1961-1974) and currently rules Angola.

The Casa dos Estudantes do Império (C.E.I.) played an important role “na formação de uma consciência e de uma literatura nacionais” (Biblos). Created under the Salazar regime in an attempt to support and control foreign students, the C.E.I. became a hotbed of writers who argued and fought for the independence of portuguese colonies in Africa. It was established in 1944 from the merger of separate homes for students from Angola, moçambique, and Cabo Verde. From 1948 to 1964 the C.E.I. issued the monthly magazine Mensagem, in whose pages many writers first appeared who later became important figures in their respective national literatures. The Colecção de Autores Ultramarinos, launched in 1958, published many works by young Africans. Among the most prominent members of the C.E.I. were Amílcar Cabral (Guiné-bissau and Cabo Verde), Lúcio Lara and Agostinho Neto (Angola), and marcelino dos Santos (moçambique).

j moser and Ferreira, New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa, nº 1312: giving the date as (1965). moser, Essays in Portuguese-African Literature pp. 26, 39. Soares, Notícia da literatura angolana, pp. 200, 207, 209, 211, 215, 232, 294 (listing him among the nine most important authors in Angola in the 1960s), 301. On the author, cf. maria Aparecida Ribeiro, Biblos IV, 1119-1121. Dicionário cronológico de autores portugueses VI, 353. On the C.E.I., see maria Aparecida Ribeiro in Biblos I, 1029-30. porbase locates two copies at biblioteca Nacional de portugal. Not located in Copac.

Poems by a Painter Noted for His Depictions of Angola

20. SOUSA, A.[lbano Silvino Gama de Carvalho das] Neves e. Muenho. braga: Editora pax, 1968. Colecção métropole e Ultramar, 45. 4°, original printed wrappers (very slightly soiled). Title-page printed in red and black. Eight full-page black-and-white line drawings, paginated with text. In very good condition. 98 pp., (4 ll.). $50.00

FIRST and ONLY EDITION. The poems are divided into sections according to where they were written: “Nocturnos de 1961 [Angola],” São Tomé, Moçambique, and Brasil.

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On the two leaves immediately following the text is a glossary of terms from Kimbundu (North mbundu), one of the two bantu languages widely spoken in Angola.

Neves e Sousa (matosinhos, 1921-São Salvador da baía, 1995), painter and poet, moved to Luanda with his family at age nine. He was educated there, studied painting at the Escola de Belas Artes in Porto, then returned to Luanda: “Lá continuaria a viver uma relação de amor intenso com aquele território que palmilhou incansavelmente durante três décadas” (Dicionário cronológico). He is famous for his paintings of Angola; he also visited and painted in moçambique, Cabo Verde, Guiné, São Tomé, and brazil, where he finally settled in 1975.

Sousa published a number of books of poetry in portuguese, English, French, and German (see moser and Ferreira, nos. 1377-82). His poems also appeared in several anthologies of Angolan and African poetry.

j moser and Ferreira, New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa, nº 1382. Dicionário cronológico de autores portugueses V, 173-4. Soares, Notícia da literatura angolana, p. 333. porbase locates a single copy, at biblioteca Nacional de portugal. Copac locates a copy each at manchester University and british Library.

Published Early in His Twenty-Year Sojourn in Angola

21. TEÓFILO [BRAGA], Eduardo. Quando o dia chegar. Contos. Sá da bandeira, Angola: publicações Imbondeiro, 1962. 8°, original illustrated wrappers (front wrapper barely attached; minor wear). Cover design by Fernando marques, based on the author’s concept. printer’s device on title page. Light browning, a few mild stains. In good condition. Author’s four-line ink inscription (signed “Eduardo”), dated 1964, to his friend and comrade Cesto Lobo. 253 pp., (1 l.). $160.00

FIRST and ONLY EDITION of this collection of short stories. The cover design is by Fernando marques, on a concept of the author.

Eduardo Teófilo (Eduardo Teófilo Braga, Évora, 1923-Lisbon, 1980) published poetry and short stories. Educated in Évora and Lisbon, he went to work in Angola in 1954, remaining there until 1975, when he returned to Lisbon. According to the Dicionário cronologico, “O cenário da sua poesia e dos seus contos é muito mais frequentemente o europeu do que o africano, posto que as suas intervenções de temática negra e angolana demonstrem sensibilidade àquele meio e àqueles gentes que, no entanto, nunca deixaria de ver na qualidade de observador europeu. E esta sinceridade não será um dos menores méritos, não sendo o único, da sua obra.” His works appeared in Contos d’Africa, 1961, Imbondeiro Gigante I, 1963, and Contos portugueses do Ultramar, 1969. His works were among those published in the important Colecção Imbondeiro.

Imbondeiro was established by Garibaldino de Andrade and Leonel Cosme in January 1960 in Sá da Bandeira (now Lumbango). A monthly publication, Colecção Imbon-deiro, aimed to disseminate the literature of portugal’s colonies. Within a few months, its circulation had reached two thousand. Imbondeiro also published multi-volume anthologies, including Mákua (poetry), Dendela (children’s literature), Imbondeiro Gigante (short stories), Livro de bolso Imbondeiro (short stories, novellas, and dramas), Contos d’Africa and Novos contos d’Africa. In these and the 68 issues of the Colecção Imbondeiro, the Imbondeiro press introduced more than sixty authors who were significant in the


literature of the portuguese colonies. Imbondeiro was the largest publisher of its time in Angola. Its rival in publishing authors in the portuguese colonies was the Casa dos Estudantes do Império, based in Lisbon, whose Colecção Autores Ultramarinos tended to be more favorable to the Portuguese government. Imbondeiro was so influential that in 1965 the portuguese authorities shut it down, based partly on the fact that some of Imbondeiro’s authors had expressed disaffection with the government.

j moser and Ferreira, A New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa, nº 1405: calling for only 225 pp. (the collation of our copy agrees with Porbase); also, thirteen other works by the author. Soares, Notícia da literatura angolana, p. 334. Dicionário cronológico de autores portugueses V, 304-5. porbase locates a copy each at biblioteca Nacional de portugal and Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. Copac locates a copy each at british Library and manchester University.


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Woman Poet and Professor Working in Angola

22. VEIGA [da Silva], Amélia [Maria Ramos]. Libertação. Poemas. Sá da bandeira, Angola: [colophon] composto e impresso na Imprex, Sá da Bandeira; distribuição exclusiva para todo o espaço Português da Livraria Lello, SARL-Angola, 1974. Large 8°, original illustrated wrap-pers (light soiling, minor wear at head and foot of spine, 3-cm. tear to rear wrapper near spine). Cover design by Isabel portugal and Sérgia Veiga. Small (2.5 cm.) gray smudge on half title; otherwise internally fine. Overall in good to very good condition. 178 pp., (3 ll.) $200.00

FIRST and ONLY EDITION of this collection of poetry, one of the author’s principal works. The dedication leaf includes the statement, “Para Angola, com o amor de vinte e quatro anos de permanência.” The cover design (a woman next to barbed wire) is by Isabel Portugal and Sérgia Veiga. The flaps of the front and back wrappers have excerpts of reviews of the author’s Poemas (winner of the Prémio Fernando Pessoa da Câmara municipal de Sá da bandeira, 1962) that appeared in Noticias de Imbondeiro, O Comércio, O Século, and República, all in 1963.

Amélia Veiga (Amélia maria Ramos Veiga da Silva, b. Silves, 1931) was educated in Lisbon; in 1951 she left for Angola, where she lived until 1975. For some twenty years she taught at the technical school in Sá da bandeira (today Lubango). Her book Destinos was published in Sá da bandeira by Imbondeiro in 1962.

She contributed to journals in portugal, moçambique, brazil and Angola, including Cultura II, Noticias do Imbondeiro, and A Provincia de Angola. Her works also appeared in a number of anthologies, including Antologia poética angolana, 1963; Poesia angolana de revolta, 1975, and Antologia de poesia feminina dos PALOP, 1998.

j moser and Ferreira, A New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa, nº 1440; also lists nine other works by the author. Soares, Notícia da literatura angolana p. 335. Dicionário cronológico de autores portugueses VI, 100. The author is mentioned in Leonel Cosme, “Notícias de Imbondeiro” (Biblos III, 1181), as one of a handful of authors “ori-undos de ou radicados em portugal, brasil e territórios ultramarinos” who appeared in the periodical. Not located in porbase. Copac locates a single copy, at manchester University.

Criticism of the Government of Angola, Hidden in Poetry

23. VELHA, Cândido [Manuel de Oliveira] da. As idades de pedra. Angola: Edição do Autor [colophon leaf: AbC—Luanda], 1969. Large 8°, original illustrated wrappers (minor wear and soiling). Edges, first and last leaves lightly foxed. Remains of an adhesive label on half-title page. In very good condition. Author’s eight-line inscription on half title to Auferino de Sousa, dated Luanda, 1970. Two-page typescript of a poem laid in (see below). 117 pp., (3 ll.). $300.00

FIRST and ONLY EDITION. pires Laranjeira in Biblos calls this Velha’s most repre-sentative book of poetry. He also notes that given the political status of Angola at the time,


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Velha could not openly criticize the society in which he lived, but his poems contain many veiled comments about the situation there: “todo um programa de compromisso social que não podia ser explícito … O lirismo telúrico disfarça o mal-estar existencial …”

Cândido Manuel de Oliveira da Velha (b. Ílhavo, district of Aveiro, 1933), son of a deep-sea fisherman, studied in Aveiro before moving to Lisbon in 1951 and Angola in 1957. There he joined the Sociedade Cultural de Angola, which was shut down in 1965 by the governor-general. His professional life put him in contact with the working classes in Luanda, Huambo, Bié, Benguela, Cuanza-Sul, Huíla, and Moçâmedes, which had a profound influence on his poetry. From 1958 to 1975 he collaborated on many periodicals in Luanda, including A Provincia de Angola, Jornal de Angola, and Prisma. He returned to portugal in 1975, settling in baixo Alentejo. This is one of his principal works. Other collection of poetry include Quero-te, Intangîvel, Africa, 1963, Corporália, 1972, Signo de Caranguejo, 1972, Memória breve de uma cidade, 1988, and Navio dentro do mapa, 1994. Velha was awarded the prémio da Angola, 1959, the prémio de poesia da Associação dos Naturais de Angola in 1963, and the prémio motta Veiga, 1969.

The typescript laid in is a carbon copy headed “Poema (riscado o título primitivo do Fundo do Abismo).” At the end is “In Via Latina. Coimbra Maio de 1950. Antero de Abreu. Via Latina = Orgão da Associação Académica de Coimbra.”

j Soares, Notícia da literatura angolana pp. 208 (one of the noteworthy books of the 1960s), 209, 215, 231, 232, 294, 335. moser and Ferreira, New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa, nº 1443. On the author, see Dicionário cronológico de autores portu-gueses VI, 233-34; also Pires Laranjeira in Biblos V, 665-66. porbase locates a single copy, at biblioteca Nacional de portugal. Copac locates a copy each at british Library and manchester University.

Important Work by a Notable Angolan Poet

24. VICTOR, Geraldo Bessa. Cubata abandonada. Lisbon: Agência-Geral do Ultramar, 1958. Large 8°, original illustrated wrappers (light wear and soiling). Internally fine; overall in very good condition. Blue stamp on front flyleaf, faded to illegibility; rubberstamp on same leaf (“523”). Dif-ferent stamp on half title (also illegible), with ink manuscript shelfmarks (“181” and “B 12”), each with part scored. Title page (blank margin) and back wrapper have stamp: “Associação Academica do I.S.C.E.F. Biblioteca.” Title page has another stamp in blank space: “Biblioteca” (blanks filled in with ink manuscript: “6 VI 1960”). 105 pp., (2 ll.). $35.00

FIRST EDITION; winner of the Prémio Camilo Pessanha. Other editions appeared in 1963, 1966, and 1970 (a Kraus Reprint). pages 7-8 are a preface by noted poet and literary critic manuel bandeira. pages 103-105 are a vocabulary of bantu words used in the poems. Augusto (in Biblos) notes, “[O seu] primeiro livro de poemas, Ecos dispersos (1941), [foi] temática e estilisticamente dentro dos modelos europeus. Os primeiros poemas africanos são publicados em 1943, com o livro Ao som das marimbas, permitindo considerar Geraldo bessa Victor como precursor da literatura angolana.”

Geraldo bessa Victor (1917-1985), a native of Luanda, was a writer, poet, essay-ist, journalist, and scholar. After working in the financial sector in Luanda, he became


a lawyer in Lisbon in the 1950s. A member of the movement “Cultura I,” his articles appeared in A Provincia de Angola and Mensagem. His earlier books of poetry include Ecos dispersos, 1941; Ao som das marimbas, 1943; Mucanda, 1946; and Debaixo do céu, 1949. A French translation of some of his works was published as Poèmes africains, 1967. In the same year that Cubata abandonada appeared, his poems “O menino negro não entrou na roda” and “Kalundu” were chosen by Mário de Andrade for the Antologia de poesia negra de expressão portuguesa, 1958. The Imprensa Nacional-Casa da moeda issued a complete edition of bessa Victor’s poems in 2001.

bessa Victor has been praised for his vision and the musicality of his verse, although others condemn him for his failure to voice the rage of oppressed Africans, as many contemporary Angolan poets did.

j moser and Ferreira, New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa, nº 1468. Soares, Notícia da literatura angolana pp. 162-70; also pp. 20, 21, 113, 130, 137, 146, 153, 154, 157, 175-77, 184, 187, 188, 229, 274, 294, 301. moser, Essays in Portuguese-African Literature, pp. 19, 26. On the author, see Sara manuela R.m. Augusto in Biblos, V, 824-25. Not located in porbase. Copac locates a copy each at british Library and Oxford University.


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