spatial interaction movement of people, ideas, commodities within and among areas examples? –truck...
TRANSCRIPT
Spatial Interaction
• Movement of people, ideas, commodities within and among areas
Examples?– Truck hauling goods
– International telephone calls
– Immigration into the US
Why interaction?
• Complementarity– One place has something that another place
wants
• Transferability, which depends on– Characteristics and value of the product– Distance (time)– $$
• Intervening opportunities
Go anywhere?
• Aaaahh, distance decay– Exponential decay of interaction levels with
increasing distance– We rarely go often to places beyond a critical
distance
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How Distance Is ObservedFigure 8.11
Why barriers?
• Distance is a BIG barrier to interaction– More the distance, less the interaction
• Cost of interaction– Travel means spending money
• Physical and cultural barriers
• Psychological barriers
Diffusion
• Spread of ideas, practices, from its origin to new places– Diffusion of cuisine?
• Relocation diffusion– People moving and
diffusion of ideas
• Contagious diffusion– Ideas spreading to nearby
places
• Hierarchical diffusion– Up or down a hierarchy
Source: http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/features/sars/images/world_spread.gif
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Patterns of DiffusionFigure 8.12
Reproduced by permission from Resource Publications for College Geography, Special Diffusion by Peter R. Gould, page 4. Association for American Geographers, 1969.
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The Diffusion of Innovations over TimeFigure 8.13
Perception … is reality?
• Our mental maps of the world determined by our experiences– Difference in experiences means different
perceptions
• Directional biases– Presence/absence of known people and
knowing the geography
OH, East is East and West is West,and never the twain shall meet,
More mental maps
• Awareness of a place and opinions of that place– May dispel notions, or– May strengthen views
• So, how do people view things?
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Mental Map of the Worldof a Palestinian high school student
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Four Mental Maps of Los AngelesFigure 8.4
From the Department of City Planning, City of Los Angeles, The Visual Environment of Los Angeles, 1971.
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Neighborhood Maps Drawn by ChildrenFigure 8.5
Activity Space
• Territories– Formal ones include cities, countries …
• We all have our own territories– Physical
• Such as a house, apartment
– Mental• “give me some space, will you?”
• Overlapping activity spaces– We share space with others
• For work, play, eat, …
Activity space
• Understand activity space through transportation– Journey to work
– Trip to the grocery stores
– Trip to the video arcade
– …
Source: http://www.sjcog.org/sections/news/publications/images/average_hometowork.jpg
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Activity Space of Each Family MemberFigure 8.7
Source: http://www.globaltelematics.com/landuse/nonwkpat2.gif
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Travel Patterns for Purchasing GoodsFigure 8.8
Redrawn with permission from Robert A. Murdie, “Cultural Differences in Consumer Travel” in Economic Geography vol. 41, no. 3, p. 221. Copyright © 1965 Clark University, Worcester, MA.
Cash economy CanadaOld-order Mennonite
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Spatial Search in the San Fernando ValleyFigure 8.27
Redrawn by permission from J.O. Huff, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 76, pp. 217-221. Association of American Geographers, 1986.
Factors affecting trip making
• Stage in life course– Young, elderly, …
• Mobility– Cost and effort required
• Opportunities– Simpler the economy, less need for trips
Migration
• Does not mean a planned two-way trip
• Migration is relocation of residence and activity space– New job, new place to live, …
• Two types– Forced– Voluntary
Voluntary
• In response to push and pull factors
• Push– Wars, natural disasters, …
• Pull– Better jobs, rejoining other family members, …– Economic reason the most important factor