Spanish Explorations

Unit 2 Chapter 3 Lesson 3Pages 128-134

Objectives

• Describe the aims, obstacles, and accomplishments of Spanish explorers.

• Trace the routes of Spanish explorers and identify their claims.

Spanish explorations

• Spain had claimed a lot of land in the America’s (this is today South America)

• Many others came seeking:– Riches– National glory– Converting Native Americans to

Christianity

King of Spain

• The King encouraged explorations

• He offered large sums of money called, GRANTS, to those who led expeditions

• These explorers became known as CONQUISTADORS

Juan Ponce de Leon

• Had sailed with Columbus on his 2nd voyage

• Helped conquer Puerto Rico

• Heard of an island called Bimini and a Fountain of Youth

• 1513 – landed on Florida and claimed it for Spain

Ponce de Leon

• 1521, returned to Florida to start a settlement

• Calusa tribe defended their land• Ponce de Leon killed• Never found the Fountain of Youth• He is known for becoming the 1st

Spanish explorer to set foot on land that became part of the United States

Hernando Cortes

• 1519, Spain• Sent fo find gold in

the land of the AZTECS

• Cortes marched to the capital of Tenochtitlan

• Those who didn’t like the Aztecs helped Cortes

Cortes vs. Aztecs

• Moteuhzoma – Aztec emperor believed Cortes was the light-skinned god that was believed to return one day to rule them

• Cortes took him as prisoner• They fought strong, but had no guns

and horses like the Spanish• Many died in battles, but also diseases• Mexico City built on the ruins of

Tenochtitlan

Conquistador vs. Aztec Warrior

• Conquistador

– Horse

– Armor made of steel

– A gun

• Aztec Warrior

– Armor made of quilted leather

– Wood shield w/ feather fringe

– Wooden club

Seven Cities of Gold???

• Cortes found gold• Spanish leaders in Mexico City

heard talk of seven cities of gold• Priest, Marcos de Niza, sent to

look with his slave, Estevanico• Estevanico was killed on mission• DeNiza returned and said he saw

the golden city

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

• 1540 went to look for city of gold

• Explored lands in what is now SW U.S.

• He was first explorer to come up into Oklahoma

• No city of gold found

NEW SPAIN

• Lands claimed by Spain became known as New Spain

• These included:– Mexico– Southwestern United States– Florida

What was the aim of Coronado’s expedition?

• To find the golden cities.

Background

• Marcos de Niza never entered the Zuni pueblo where Estevanico was killed.

• Instead, he saw the pueblo from a distance at sunset.

• The sun’s rays reflecting on the stone and adobe walls created a golden color which is why de Niza thought the pueblo was one of the legendary golden cities.

Francisco Pizarro

• 1531, led an expedition into the western coast of South America

• Met people from the Inca empire, led by Atahuallpa

• Priest told Atahuallpa they MUST accept Christianity and Spanish rule – he said NO

• Taken prisoner and died• Pizarro conquered the Inca empire

Hernado de Soto

• Explored Southeaster U.S.

• 1539, Sailed from Cuba to Tampa Bay

• First European to see the Mississippi River

De Soto battles

• Met many Native American

• Conflicts were bloody

• 1542 De Soto died of a fever

• They claimed all land they explored.• Spain now claimed much of southern

U.S.

De Soto’s route

Catholic Church Rules

• People in Europe begin to question the Catholic Church

• They had forced people to follow rules and pay taxes

• Had its own courts – punished those who went against the church

Religious Reforms

• Martin Luther – German priest• Began calling for open reforms,

changes, in the Catholic Church.• Reformation – period of reforms • Luther forced out of church• Those who protested the Catholic

leaders became known as Protestants.• Lutheran church and Protestants

formed new churches.

Counter-Reformation

• Catholic church made changes• The church banned books going

against their teachings• Focus on spreading the church to

New Spain• Missionaries (religious teachers)

sent to convert Native Americans

Missionaries• Missionaries held ceremonies to make

the Native Americans Catholic

• Later they taught them the teachings of the church

• Many forced to become Catholic and enslaved

• Some tried to keep their beliefs, but others were forced to change how they lived and worship

Which empire to Cortes conquer in Mexico?

• Aztec

Explored and claimed for Spain land that is now the

state of Florida?

• Juan Ponce de Leon

Explored and claimed for Spain much of what is now the southwestern United

States?

• Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

Explored and claimed for Spain much of the

southern half of what is now the United States?

• Hernando de Soto

What explorer took control of the Inca Empire in Peru?

• Francisco Pizarro