spanish art 19th century goya
TRANSCRIPT
FRANCISCO DE GOYA Y
LUCIENTES (1746 – 1828)
Considered one of the most extraordinary painters of universal Art History.
Despite he lived mostly during the 18th Century (1746 – 1828), his most personal &
innovative artistic achievements correspond to the 19th Century.
HISTORICAL CONTEXT:
Enlightened despotism (Carlos III, Carlos IV)
Napoleon’s invasion
War of Independence
Absolutist restoration (Fernando VII)
He was the artist that best represented the turbulent historical period that Spain
underwent at the beginning of the 19th century.
Despite Goya lived in the Neoclassical period, his paintings can’t be considered
neoclassical. He was a unique genius. The originality & innovative character of his
paintings makes it impossible to classify Goya under any specific artistic style.
Goya marks the transition between an antique aesthetic (Gothic, Renaissance,
Baroque…) & the revolutionary aesthetic of contemporary art. Goya is considered
a FOREFATHER OF CONTEMPORARY ART (IMPRESSIONISM,
EXPRESSIONISM…).
INTRODUCTION
GOYA ANTICIPATED SEVERAL CONTEMPORARY
ARTISTIC MOVEMENTS
Romanticism Impressionism
Expressionism Surrealism
1st STAGE (until 1792)
Frescoes in the basilica “Nuestra Señora del Pilar”
(Zaragoza)
Tapestry cartoon painter at the Royal Tapestry
Factory (Madrid)
These works gained him prestige, and he became
court painter of Carlos IV in 1789.
Fresco de la Basílica de
Nuestra Señora del Pilar
(Zaragoza)
FIRST WORKS
Aníbal vencedor contempla por primera vez Italia desde los Alpes
(Aníbal cruzando los Alpes)
FIRST WORKS
Pinturas de la Cartuja de Aula Dei (Zaragoza)
FIRST WORKS
Cartoons for tapestries
El Quitasol
Las floreras
Popular & happy themes
Bright colours
Cartoons for tapestries
El cacharrero
Cartoons for tapestries
La gallina ciega
El Pelele
Cartoons for tapestries
2st STAGE: 1792 - 1814
When Goya became court painter of Carlos IV (1789)
he began painting magnificent portraits of:
the royal family
nobles
He then became deaf (1792) due to a serious
disease. This event changed his character & mood,
and his paintings became more dramatic & original.
Engravings “Los Caprichos”
Paintings of the War of Independence
Engravings “The Disasters of the War”
Carlos IV
PORTRAITS
Retrato ecuestre de Carlos IV
• Loose brushstrokes
• Preoccupation with light
• Psychological penetration of the figures
La familia de Carlos IV (1800)
La familia de Carlos IV (1800)
La familia de Carlos IV (1800)
Duques de OsunaCondesa de Chinchón
PORTRAITS • Loose brushstrokes
• Preoccupation with light
• Psychological penetration of the figures
Duquesa de Alba
PORTRAITS • Loose brushstrokes
• Preoccupation with light
• Psychological penetration of the figures
Francisco Bayeau
PORTRAITS • Loose brushstrokes
• Preoccupation with light
• Psychological penetration of the figures
Jovellanos
Majas en el balcón
PORTRAITS • Loose brushstrokes
• Preoccupation with light
• Psychological penetration of the figures
La maja desnuda
(1790-1800)
La maja vestida
(1802-05)
PORTRAITS • Loose brushstrokes
• Preoccupation with light
• Psychological penetration of the figures
Autorreratos
PORTRAITS • Loose brushstrokes
• Preoccupation with light
• Psychological penetration of the figures
GOYA’S PERSONAL CRISIS (1792): his paintings became more
dramatic & original.
Asalto de ladrones Incendio, fuego de noche
Naufragio El aquelarre
Engravings
“Los Caprichos”
El sueño de la razón produce monstruos(grabado n.º 43 de Los Caprichos, 1799)
Hasta la muerte(grabado n.º 55 de Los Caprichos, 1799)
• Satire of the society of his time
• Anicipates Surrealism
Que viene el coco(grabado n.º 3 de Los Caprichos, 1799)
Devota profesión(grabado n.º 70 de Los Caprichos, 1799)
Engravings
“Los Caprichos”• Satire of the society of his time
• Anticipates Surrealism
Paintings that showed the brutaility of the Independence War
El dos de Mayo de 1808 en Madrid
(La carga de los Mamelucos)
Los fusilamientos del tres de Mayo de 1808
(Los fusilamientos de Príncipe Pío)
Paintings that showed the brutaility of the Independence War
Engravings
“Los Desastres de la Guerra”
3rd STAGE (1814 – 1828)
1814: After th war, during the restoration of
Absolutism (Fernando VII), sick and deaf Goya
moved to a house next to the Manzanares river
(“La Quinta del Sordo”), and he decorated the
walls with the so-called “Black Paintings”
(Pinturas Negras).
Later, he exiled to France due to his liberal ideas,
and he regained interest in color, light & beauty.
The Milkmaid of Bordeaux
The “Black Paintings”
Saturno devorando a sus hijos
(Saturn devouring his son)
The “Black Paintings” • Black & grey colouring
• Dark subject matter
• Anticipate Expressionism
The “Black Paintings”
Dos viejos comiendo sopa
• Black & grey colouring
• Dark subject matter
• Anticipate Expressionism
El aquelarre (Witches’ Sabbath)
La romería de San Isidro
The “Black Paintings” • Black & grey colouring
• Dark subject matter
• Anticipate Expressionism
Engravings “Los Disparates”
1824 - 28:
Exile in Bordeaux
(France)
La lechera de Burdeos
• Regained interest in colour, light & beauty
• Loose & free brushstrokes anticipates
Romanticism & Impressionism