space-time the esri time project – comments by steve kopp time series and arcgis: what can i use...
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Space-Time
• The ESRI Time Project – Comments by Steve Kopp
• Time series and ArcGIS: What can I use now?– Tracking Analyst– Plotting graphs of Attribute Series using CRWR TS
Plotter
• A true Temporal GIS: What does ArcGIS need?– Hydrologic Flux calculations: Florida Example– A new file type?: NetCDF
Tracking Analyst
• Simple Events – 1 feature class that describes What, When,
Where
• Complex Event– 1 feature class and 1 table that describe
What, When, Where
Arc Hydro
Simple EventID Time Geometry Value
1 T1 X1,Y1 0.1
2 T2 X2,Y2 0.3
1 T3 X3,Y3 0.7
2 T4 X4,Y4 0.4
3 T5 X5,Y5 0.5
2 T6 X6,Y6 0.2
4 T7 X7,Y7 0.1
1 T8 X8,Y8 0.8
1 T9 X9,Y9 0.3
Unique Identifier for objects being tracked throughtime
Time of observation (in order) Geometry of observation
Observation
Complex Event (stationary version)
ID Geometry
1 X1,Y1
2 X2,Y2
3 X3,Y3
4 X4,Y4
ID Time Value
1 T1 0.1
2 T2 0.3
1 T3 0.7
2 T4 0.4
3 T5 0.5
2 T6 0.2
4 T7 0.1
1 T8 0.8
1 T9 0.3
The object maintains its geometry (i.e. it is stationary)
Cases 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Complex Event (dynamic version)
ID Gage Number
1 1001
2 1002
3 1003
4 1004
ID Geometry Time Value
1 X1,Y1 T1 0.1
2 X2,Y2 T2 0.3
1 X3,Y3 T3 0.7
2 X4,Y4 T4 0.4
3 X5,Y5 T5 0.5
2 X6,Y6 T6 0.2
4 X7,Y7 T7 0.1
1 X8,Y8 T8 0.8
1 X9,Y9 T9 0.3
The object’s geometry can vary with time (i.e. it is dynamic)
Cases 6 and 7
Fecal Coliform in Galveston Bay, Texas
Tracking Analyst Demo
• Show the Galveston Bay Monitoring Point feature class and Time Series Table
• Show the temporal layer
• Show the tracking analyst time “Playback Manager”
• Animate bacteria concentrations
Time Series Feature Series
Raster SeriesAttribute Series
Time
Variable
Time and Space in GIS
xy
Value
t1t2t3
Value
Time
t1t2
t3
t3
t2t1
Time Series and Temporal Geoprocessing
Time Series Feature Series
Raster SeriesAttribute Series
Time
Variable
xy
Value
t1t2t3
Value
Time
t1t2
t3
ArcGIS Temporal Geoprocessing
t3
t2t1
DHI Time Series Manager
Adobe picture
TSDateTime
FeatureID
TSType
TSValue
Arc Hydro Attribute Series
TSType Table
Feature Class(point, line, area)
Arc Hydro Attribute Series
Feature Class (HydroID)
Attribute Series Table (FeatureID)
• Map time series e.g. Nexrad
• Collections of values recorded at various locations and times e.g. water quality samples
• This is current Arc Hydro time series structure
Type
TSType
Units Regular …. 1Attribute Series
FeatureID Time Value* Type
Attribute Series Typing
Plotting Attribute Series
• One feature with a time-dependent Attribute– Observed or Modeled
• Complications– Regular or Irregular in time– Many Types (rainfall, streamflow, dissolved oxygen, etc.)– Instantaneous, cumulative, averaged, min, max, etc. – Different units (cfs, m3/d, gpd, etc.)
• Plot the data in ArcMap
TS Plotter Demo
• Show TSType Table
• Plot time series for a few MonitoringPoint features
• Summarize data into yearly averages
• Export data and chart to Excel
• Show exported data and chart in Excel
South Florida Water Management Project
Prototype Area
•Prototype region includes 24 water management basins,
•More than 70 water control structures managed by the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD)
•Includes natural and managed waterwaysLake
Okeechobee
Lake Istokpoga
Lake Kissimmee
Questions that SFWMD wants Answered
– How much water is there?– Where is the water in the District?– How much water will enter the canal system?– How can water be routed from one basin to
another?
DBHydro TimeSeriesAchieve of Water Related Time Series Data currently used by
SFWMD
Example of Flow Data:Daily Average Flow [cfs] at Structure S65 (spillway)
Unique 5-digit alphanumeric code called DBKEY
Date/Time Value
Spatial Information About point of measurement
•DBHydro can be accessed at: http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/ema/dbhydro/index.html
Coupling Table: Linking Control Volume to Features
Qin
Qout
Qrain Qevap
Water Balance performed over a Control Volume (i.e.: Basin)
Coupling Table links the Control Volume (basin) to all features that transfer water into and out of the Control Volume
Horizontal (structures)
Vertical (rainfall, ETp)
S65BC Basin
Water Balancing in ArcHydroQS65A +QRAIN - QETp –QS65C = Storage
Coupling Table Design
ObjectID
HydroID of Control Volume
HydroID of Inflow or Outflow Feature that contains Time
Series Information
Direction of Flow 1 = IN, 2 = OUT
If Inflow/Outflow is a flux, include an area over which the flux acts
Demo of Flow and Flux Calculations using TSViewer
Links Control Volume Feature with Inflow and Outflows
Multidimensional Data Representation for the Geosciences
Ocean Science
Earth Science
Atmospheric Science
Hydrology
Weather and Hydrology
• Weather Information– Continuous in space
and time– Combines data and
simulation models– Delivered in real time
• Hydrologic Information– Static spatial info, time
series at points– Data and models are not
connected– Mostly historical data
Challenges for Hydrologic Information Systems• How to better connect space and time?• How to connect space, time and models?• How to connect weather and hydrology?
TSDateTime
FeatureID
TSType
TSValue
Arc Hydro Attribute Series
TSType Table
Feature Class(point, line, area)
Time
Space (x,y,z)
Variables
Value
NetCDF Data Model (developed at Unidata for distributing weather data)
Attributes
Dimensions andCoordinates
NetCDF describes a collection of variables stored in a dimension space that may represent coordinate points in the (x,y,z,t) dimensions
NetCDF File for Weather Model Output of Relative Humidity (Rh)
dimensions:lat = 5, long = 10, time = unlimited;
variables:
lat:units = “degrees_north”; long:units = “degrees_east”; time:units = “hours since 1996-1-1”;
data:lat = 20, 30, 40, 50, 60;long = -160, -140, -118, -96, -84, -52, -45, -35, -25, -15;time = 12;rh = .5,.2,.4,.2,.3,.2,.4,.5,.6,.7,
.1,.3,.1,.1,.1.,.1,.5,.7,.8,.8, .1,.2,.2,.2,.2,.5,.7,.8,.9,.9, .1,.2,.3,.3,.3,.3,.7,.8,.9,.9 .0,.1,.2,.4,.4,.4,.4,.7,.8,.9;
rh (time, lat, lon);
Relative Humidity Points
Interpolate to Raster
GeoTiff format, cell size = 0.5º
Zoom in to the United States
Average Rh in each State
Determined using Spatial Analyst function Zonal Statistics with Rh as underlying raster and States as zones
Integrated Data Viewer(Developed by Unidata)
• Data Probe
• Vertical Profile
• Time/Height display
• Vertical cross-section
• Plan view
• Isosurface
Note: IDV = Integrated Data Viewer
RUC20 – Output SamplesPrecipitable water in the atmosphere
Cross-section of relative humidity
Images created from Unidata’s Integrated Data Viewer (IDV)
Wind vectors and wind speed (shading)
IDV Demo
For RUC20 predicted temperature (4D dataset) show:
• Plan view changes over time
• Cross-section changes over time
• Vertical Profile changes over time
• Data Probe changes over time