Space Systems as Critical Infrastructure

Iulia-Elena Jivanescu

1st Space Retreat, Tenerife, Spain, 8-22 January, 2013

Summary

Objectives

Identification of Space Critical Infrastructure (SCI)

Dependence of Critical Infrastructure (CI) on SCI

Dependence of SCI on aggressive factors

Nanosatellites for Space Situational Awareness (SSA)

Expected results

Objective 1: Identification of Space Critical Infrastructure (SCI)

December 8th 2008, European Council Directive 2008/114/EC

„Critical infrastructure‟ means an asset, system or part thereof

located in Member States which is essential for the maintenance

of vital societal functions, health, safety, security, economic or

social well-being of people, and the disruption or destruction of

which would have a significant impact in a Member State as a

result of the failure to maintain those functions.

CI sectors (European Commission 2010)

Objective 1: Identification of Space Critical Infrastructure (SCI)

“Space Critical Infrastructure” represents an interdependent

system-of-systems which encompasses its workforce,

environment, facilities and multidirectional interactions essential

for the maintenance of vital societal functions, health, safety,

security, economic or social well-being of people, whose

distruction or disruption would have a significant impact in a

Member State (country).

Identification of Space Critical Infrastructure (SCI)

North America 2003 blackout

Affected CIs: Power, Water, Transportation,Communication, Industry55 million people12 fatalities1-7 daysLoss of $7-$10 billion

Objective 1: Identification of Space Critical Infrastructure (SCI)

Classification

1. Satellites (EO, telecom, GNSS, space stations, space probes,

nanosats)

2. Groud stations

3. Links

4. Launchers

5. Legislative and Administrative Framework

Objective 1: Identification of Space Critical Infrastructure (SCI)

CI-SCI Interaction

Objective 1: Identification of Space Critical Infrastructure (SCI)

Parameters for defining the criticality of SCI1. Scalability2. Redundancy3. Substitution4. Population affected5. Concentration6. Range – Beidou, GPS7. Economic impact8. Public confidence and perception9. International relations10. Public order-Estonia

Objective 2: Dependence of CI on SCI

Health – Telemedicine – provides interactive healthcare utilizing modern

technology and telecommunications

Agriculture – land cover

Financial – GPS satellites are used to time-stamp financial transactions and

provide precise time signals for synchronization and fault detection

Transport – railway control, highway traffic, aviation, marine navigation

ICT – GPS enabled GSM mobile phones are expected to reach 770 million units

in 2014

9%

8%

7%

3%

9%

1%3%

4%3%

2%

16%

7%

8%

12%

8%space operations and satellite

aviation

agriculture, environment

public safety and disaster relief

surveying and mapping

financial

transportation

institution/nonprofit

utilities

livestock

communications

drilling/oil/gas

manufacturing/commercial/industrial

consulting and IT/software

other

Navigation industry customers

Objective 3: Dependence of SCI on aggressive factors External factors

ESA's Space Hazards Programme.mp4

Objective 3: Internal factors – Terrorist threats

Electronic interference – jamming or spoofing

Laser attack on satellite sensors

High powered microwave attacks

Destruction

Attacks on ground stations

Kinetic energy attacks

EM pulse from a nuclear explosion

Cyber attacks

Risk and Crisis Management

RM – relevant threat scenarios

Space Critical Infrastructure Protection (SCIP)

directed at strengthening the resilience of the assets that are essential to

the functioning of our society

identifying weakenesses, possible consequences, thus reducing the risks

CM – incidents, emergencies and crises

Objective 4: Nanosatellites for Space Situational Awareness

Need to aggregate data from recent smallsat launches

Solitary missions Formation/Constellation flying

Cheap, rapid and do not turn into space debris

Multiple points of observation synchronize data collection & transmission

Expected results

Impact both national and international policy-makers

National level: endorsement of a National Security Strategy for Space Critical

Infrastructure

European level: the reports of the project can be used by the European Council

to provide recommendations for the EU member states

International level: implementation of our recommendations into nations’

security strategies for critical infrastructure protection

Thank you!