space sturcture

7/29/2019 Space Sturcture

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SPACE STRUCTURES

AMIT KHATUWALAMS004


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INTRODUCTION

The structural forms can be grouped

as :-

a. Framed structures or skeletalstructures or discrete elements.

b. Continuum structures.


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FRAMED STRUCTURES

Framed structures are those which are formed byjoining discrete structural elements at their endsforming joints.

The joints of a framed structure are points ofintersection of the members, as well as points ofsupport and free ends of members.

Each member may be straight or curved and itssectional dimensions are small compared to the

length dimension. Thus, structures made up of ties,struts beams &

columns are framed structures.


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CATEGORIES

The framed structures can be divided into sixcategories:-

1. Continuous beams

2. Plane trusses

3. Space trusses

4. Plane frames

5. Grids

6. Space frames


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CONTINUOUS

BEAM

A continuous

beam consists

of straight

member

having one or

more points of

support such

as A,B,C and D.


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PLANE TRUSS

Plane truss is

idealized as a

system of

members lying

in a plane and

interconnected

at hinged

joints.


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SPACE TRUSS

A space truss issimilar to a plane

truss except that

the members may

have anydirections in the

space.

The forces acting

on a space truss

may be in any

arbitrary

directions.


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PLANE FRAME

A plane frame iscomposed of members

lying in a one plane and

having axis of symmetry

in that plane.

The internal stress

resultants acting at any

cross section of a plane

frame member may

consists in general of anaxial force, a shear

force, and a bending

moment.


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SPACE FRAME

The space frame isthe most general

type of framed

structure, in which

there are no

restrictions on the

location of joints,

direction ofmembers, or

directions of loads.


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GRID

A grid is a plane structure composed of

continuous members that either

intersect or cross one another.


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CONTINUUM STRUCTRUE

Continuum structures include

structures formed from surface

elements like flat slabs, curved shellelements and solids.


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Deformation in Framed Structures

When a structure is acted upon by loads, the

members of the structure will undergo

deformations. The calculation of these

displacements is an essential part of structural

analysis.

Consider a segment of arbitrary length cut

from a member of a framed structure.


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The deformation shown in figure are called

axial, shearing, flexural and torsional

respectively.


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ELEVATION OF SPACE FRAME


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PLAN


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PREFACE

Space frame or a Hanger in a sense are lowrise steel structures, and characterised bytheir low height and absence of interior walls

and partitions. Usually, the roof system of hangers consists of

trusses with light weight roof coverings.Now adays , new materials for both cladding androofing are available. These are lightercompared to conventional AC & GI sheets.


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However, the hangers over here are to provide

ample space for the parking of the aircraft, so

that the repair & maintenance of the aircraft

can be carried out sufficiently.

The Hangers are classified into two

categories:-

i. Single hangers

ii. Multiple type hangers


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SINGLE HANGERS

These are common for regular sized aircraft,

these as termed as simple i.e single hanger,

doesnt include an intermediate column.

The hanger has explained before, acts as an

area for the inspection, checking and

maintenance of an aircraft.


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MULTIPLE TYPE HANGER

Multiple type hanger include an area wherethe number of aircraft is parkedsimultaneously.

This type consists of trusses framed in thelong dimensions of the bay with purlinsframing between the trusses framed in theshort dimensions.

This system is used where long span requiredin one direction is more than 21 m(our case)


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While much shorter span is acceptable in theother direction. Trusses are not likely to beeconomical for spans less than about 21 m.

When the roof truss is attached to, and issupported on steel columns at both the ends,the assembly is known as bent or a mill bentor transverse bent.

Bent are braced together at intervalsdepending on the character of the building ,


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Its length, width, covering, exposure etc.

Two bents braced together form a braced bay.

The space between two column lines is called

and aisle.


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MAJOR COMPONENTS OF HANGER

Steel Column

Roof trusses

Rain water Gutter Purlins


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COMPONENTS OF ROOF TRUSS

Span : Centre to Centre distance between twosupports of a roof truss is called span of rooftruss.

Spacing of roof truss : The horizontal distancebetween two consecutive roof trusses isknown as spacing of roof truss.

Principal rafter : The member of roof truss endsupport to the ridge point is known asprincipal rafter.


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Main tie : The bottom chord member of a rooftruss is known as main tie.

Sag tie : A vertical member joining ridge point

and mid point of main tie is sag tie. Purlin : A member supported on the panel points

of two consecutive roof trusses is called purlin.

Web members : Vertical or inclined members

joining top and bottom chord membersconnected to principal rafter are called panelpoints or nodal points.


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Panel : The portion of truss between two

consecutive panel points on principal rafter is

called Panel.

Pitch : It is the ratio of rise and span.

Roofing material : Roofing material is used to

cover the roof of truss.


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PURLINS

Purlins support roof sheeting, and loads fromthe sheeting are transferred to the purlins.

The loads acing on the purlins are

1. Weight roof covering and fixtures.

2. Self weight of purlin.

3. Live load from sheeting .

4. Snow load.

5. Wind load from sheeting.


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RAIN WATER GUTTER

As the name suggests, the Rain water Gutter is

provided to collect & remove the water that

has been collected from the roof covering

material.

The Rain water Gutter is connected with Rain

water pipe so that the water can be disposed

off properly.


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The Frame is constructed on the

Design principle of Military

Engineering Services(MES).


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The detailed Specification of the Constructionof any building in MES is projected in thereport.

The detailed drawings of Elevation, Plan,Footing, Column details,Purlins,Gutter,Detailsof Structural Layout,Foundation details is alsoprojected in the report.

A example on a Design of roof truss is alsoincluded in the project report.


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