space penetrators for solar system exploration
DESCRIPTION
SPACE PENETRATORS FOR SOLAR SYSTEM EXPLORATION. Igone Urdampilleta. 29 May 2014, UCM, Madrid. Contents . What is a Space Penetrator? Internal Architecture Heritage Scientific Motivation Possible targets : Moon Mars Europa Summary References. What is a Space Penetrator ?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
SPACE PENETRATORS FOR
SOLAR SYSTEM EXPLORATION
Igone Urdampilleta
29 May 2014, UCM, Madrid
Space Penetrators 2
Contents
• What is a Space Penetrator?• Internal Architecture• Heritage• Scientific Motivation• Possible targets:
Moon Mars Europa
• Summary• References
Space Penetrators 3
What is a Space Penetrator?
• Low mass projectile to sample and analyze the surface and subsurface of a planet or satellite
• Mass ~5-20kg• Dimensions ~0.5mx0.2m• High impact speed ~200-500m/s• Very tough ~10.000-50.000g• Penetrate surface ~0.2-3m
Courtesy of Uk Penetratror Consortium, [1]
Sand (Martian Soil) and Ice (Icy body) tests300m/s, 24.000g
Space Penetrators 4
Internal Architecture
Gowen,R. et al, IPPW7, 2010
Radiation sensor: Subsurface dose rate,
age and material decayMagnetometers: possible internal
oceanBatteries/RHU
Mass spectrometer: volatiles and biologically important species
Accelerometers: Surface and Subsurface material (harness/composition)Thermal sensor: Subsurface T, regolith T and heat flowBatteries/RHU, Data logger
Micro-seismometers: Determine existence of interior oceans, structure and seismic activityDrill assembly: Subsurface mineralogy and material
AccelerometersPowerCommunicationsProcessing
-Descent Camera-Auxiliary Systems-Instrumentations: 1. Environment 2. Geophysics (surface/chemistry) 3. Geophysics (interior)
Space Penetrators 5
Heritage • Deep Space 2 and Mars 96 failed• Lunar-A (space qualified) and MoonLITE cancelled
Deep Space 2 Mars 96
• Russian Space Forces • Mission to Mars• Launched in 1996• Failed to leave Earth orbit
• NASA mission launched in 1999• Mission to Mars• Mars Polar Lander with 2 DS2• Reached Mars, but no comms
Courtesy of NASA [3]
Courtesy of Russian Space [4]
Space Penetrators 6
Scientific Motivation• In-situ astrobiological and geophysical investigation• In-situ subsurface chemical inventory• Direct characterization of landing site• Synergy with orbiting instrument data
Advantages:• Hardly accessible
sites• Simpler architecture • Cost effective:
• Low mass• High instruments
heritage• Similar payload for
many surfaces
Disadvantages:• High impact
survivability• Compact and low
mass payload• Limited lifetime (only
batteries)
Space Penetrators 7
Possible Targets • Rocky and icy bodies
Space Penetrators 8
Moon: Lunar-A
Courtesy of ISAS/JAXA
• Space qualified mission cancelled in 2007
• Objectives: Lunar interior by seismic and heat-flow experiments
• Payload: 2 penetrators (near and far side)
• Mass:~45kg with PDS• V~285m/s, Impact ~ 8000g, Depth~1-3m
Space Penetrators 9
Moon: MoonLITE
Gao, Y. et al 2007
Gowen,R. et al, DOI EJSM/Laplace
• MoonLITE: Moon Lightweight Interior and Telecoms Experiment (UK)
• Objectives: Lunar seismic environment, polar water, volatiles and ISRU
• Payload: 4 penetrators• Near side Apollo landing• Two Polar regions• Far side
• Duration: >1year for seismic network
• Mass: ~13kg +23kg propulsion• V~300cm/s
Space Penetrators 10
Mars: METNET
Courtesy of FMI [5]
Courtesy of FMI [5]
• Atmospheric Mission to Mars • Objectives:
• Seismic activity and internal structure• Meteorological and environment study
• MEIGA, METNET precursor -> INTA and UCM• Inflatable Entry and Descent System (16.8kg):
1. IBU (Inflatable Braking Unit)2. AIBU (Additional IBU)
Space Penetrators 11
Courtesy of FMI [5]
3. Composition and Structure devices• Magnetometer
Mars: MetNet
2. Optical Devices• PatCam• MetSis-
Irradiance• Dust Sensor
1. Atmospheric Instruments• MetBaro-Presure• MetHumi-Humidity• Temperature Sensor
Space Penetrators 12
Europa: EJSM• EJSM: Europa-Jupiter System Mission
(JUICE)• Space Penetrator Objectives:
• The internal structure and its dynamics
• The existence and characteristics of subsurface ocean
• Astrobiology markers• Harder ice impact material, faster body• Mass: ~14.3kg +50kg PDS• Long: ~31cm
Gowen,R. et al, IPPW7, 2010
Courtesy of Astrium
Space Penetrators 13
Summary
• Low mass projectile for planetary exploration (rocky and icy bodies)
• In-situ analysis and sampling of environment and subsurface
• Cost effective technology• Multi-landing sites or multi-target
missions• No successful mission yet• Recent increase of Technology
Readiness Level (TRL)
Space Penetrators 14
References • Kato,M., Current Status of Japananise Penetrator Mission, ISAS/JAXA• H Mizutani et al 2005, J. Earth Syst. Sci. 114, No. 6 • Gao,Y. et al 2007, DGLR Int. Symp. “To Moon and beyond”, Bremen,
Germany• Gowem, R. et Penetrator Consortium, 2008, Penetrator for TSSM,
TSSM Meeting, Monrovia• Gowen, R. et Penetrator Consortium, 2009, An Update on MoonLITE,
EGU, Viena• Gowen, R. et Penetrator Consortium, 2009, Astrobiologycal
Signatures with Penetrators on Europa, Biosignatures on Exoplanets Workshop, Mulhouse
• Gowen, R. et Penetrator Consortium, 2010, Potential Applications of Micro-Penetrators within the Solar System,IPPW7, Barcelona
• Skulionva, M. et al 2011, World Academic of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 55
• Gowen, R. et al, Surface Element Penetrators, DOI to EJSM/Laplace
Space Penetrators 15
References
LINKS[1] ESA: http://sci.esa.int/future-missions-office/52782-high-
speed- tests-demonstrate-space-penetrator-concept/[2] UK PENETRATOR CONSORTIUM: http://www.mssl.ucl.ac.uk/ planetary/missions/ Micro_Penetrators.php[3] DS2:http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?
id= DEEPSP2[4] MARS 96: http://www.russianspaceweb.com/mars96.html[5] METNET: http://metnet.fmi.fi/index.php[6] MEIGA: http://meiga-metnet.org/[7] EUROPA PENETRATOR:http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=o1A04qzXCgQ
Space Penetrators 16
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Space Penetrators
1. Descent Module release from Orbiter
Reorient
2. Cancel orbital velocity
Penetrator Separation
5. PDS fly away prior to surface Impact
Spin-Down
Delivery sequence courtesy SSTL
6. Operate from below surface
4. PDS (Penetrator Delivery System) separation from penetrator
3. Re-orient
Space Penetrator Descent Sequence
Gowen,R. et al, DOI EJSM/Laplace
Space Penetrators 18
MoonCharacteristics:• Telluric satellite• No atmosphere, no plate
tectonics• >30.000 impact craters
>1km• Dark zones (maria): - craters, younger, 15%
area • Bright zones (terrae): + craters, older, 85% areaScience Objectives (Gao,Y. et al 2007) :• Volatiles in the shadowed lunar craters• Lunar seismology: interior and core • In-situ resources, ISRU (water ice/radiation/quakes) • Planetary penetrator demonstrator
Space Penetrators 19
Mars
Characteristics:• Telluric planet• Atmosphere • No plate tectonics • Changing topography due to
seasonal variation and dust storms
• Polar ice caps
Science objectives:• Seismic activity and internal structure• Astrobiology markers from depths >2m• Meteorological and environment study• Possible landing sites:
• Polar caps • <40º for seismic network
Space Penetrators 20
Europa
Characteristics:• Water-icy satellite• Atmosphere-trace Oxygen• Strong tidal forces• Lower slopes/smoother surface• Less regolith (young)• Possible subsurface ocean• Habitable? Life?
Science objectives (Gowen,R. et al, DOI EJSM/Laplace) :
• The internal structure and its dynamics• The existence and characteristics of subsurface
ocean• Bio-signatures and Environment in near-surface • Synergy data with remote sensing