southernpine · bevel siding, and log cabin siding. drop siding is machined in a variety of...

Southern Pine PatternSProfiles • Sizes • Finishing

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CONTENTSBoards, Finish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Siding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Ceiling & Paneling. . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

Flooring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8

Porch Flooring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Installation, Finishing. . . . . . . . . . 10

Additional Information. . . . . . . . Back Cover

The samples pictured in this publication includeexamples of allowable characteristics within eachgrade, as described in the Standard Grading Rulesfor Southern Pine Lumber published by the SouthernPine Inspection Bureau. A complete lumber gradedescription should be included with any buyer’sorder, and is considered an agreement betweenbuyer and seller of specific characteristics allowedwith each grade purchased.

Southern PineSouthern Pine grows in a wide geographic belt,stretching from East Texas through Virginia.Southern Pine is a term which represents four prin-ciple tree species: longleaf, shortleaf, loblolly, andslash. Lumber from all four species is classified asSouthern Pine and graded in accordance with thegrading rules of the Southern Pine InspectionBureau (SPIB).

BOARDS No.1 Grade features superior appearancecharacteristics: generally few but sound,tight knots making it suitable for a high-quality finish or for industrial uses where ahigh quality is desired.

No. 2 Grade is a good-quality material suit-able for patterns and general-purpose uses.

SOUTHERN PINE PATTERNS Southern Forest Products Association SouthernPine.com2012 EDITION1

No.2 1x4

No.2 1x6

No.2 1x8

Table 1: Boards & Patterns Quick Reference GuideMoistureContent

Grades NominalThickness

NominalWidth

B&B* C* C&Btr.

D No.1*

No.2

BoardsSPIB Rule 260

Bevel SidingSPIB Rule 253

CeilingSPIB Rule 250

Drop SidingSPIB Rule 220

FlooringSPIB Rule 210

PanelingSPIB Rule 240

FinishSPIB Rule 200

15%, 19%

12%, 15%or 19%

12%, 15%or 19%

12%, 15%or 19%

5/8˝ to 1˝ 4˝ to 12˝

12%, 15%or 19%

3/8˝ to 1-1/2˝ 2˝ to 6˝

1˝ 3˝ to 12˝

3/8˝ to 4˝ 2˝ to 16˝

12%, 15%or 19%

12%, 15%or 19%

3/8˝ to 3/4˝ 3˝ to 6˝

1/2˝ to 1˝ 4˝ to 8˝

1˝ to 1-1/2˝ 2˝ to 12˝•• • • •

•

• • • • • •

•

• • • • • •• • • • • •• • • • • •• • • •

•

*Produced in limited quantities.

Copyright © 2012. Southern Forest Products Association. All rights reserved.

FINISHThe attractive grain of Southern Pine, alongwith its color and other physical properties,make it the preferred material where opti-mum appearance is required. Finish refersto lumber having higher appearance quali-ties. This lumber is particularly suitable fornatural finishes or stains. Moisture contentrequirements for Finish lumber varies bythickness; see Table 2.

Southern Forest Products Association SouthernPine.com SOUTHERN PINE PATTERNS2012 EDITION 2

C&Btr 1x4

C&Btr 1x6

D Grade 1x4

D Grade 1x6

C&Btr 1x8

Moisture ContentNominal Thickness

Table 2: Finish Lumber Moisture Content

1˝ and 1-1/4˝

Over 4˝

over 2˝ but not over 4˝

1-1/2˝, 1-3/4˝ and 2˝

Should not exceed 15%, but ifspecified as kiln-dried, themaximum should be 12% on90% of the pieces and 15% onthe remainder.

Maximum should be 20% and thekiln-dried limit 18%

Maximum should be 19% and thekiln-dried limit 15%

Maximum should be 18% andkiln-dried limit 15%

CharacteristicsGrade

Table 3: Grade Characteristics

B&B

D

C&Btr.

C

Highest recognized Finish grade.Generally clear, although a limited numberof pin knots are permitted. Finest qualityfor natural finishes or stain.

Economical and serviceable grade; lessrestricted than higher grades. Goodquality for natural finishes or paint.

Combination of B&B and C grades. Satisfiesrequirements for high quality finishes.

Excellent for painting or natural finish-es where requirements are less exact.Reasonably clear, but permits limitednumber of surface checks and smalltight knots.

NOTE: Tables 2 and 3 are based upon SPIB Grading Rules.


SIDINGThree classifications of Southern Pinesiding are widely available: Drop Siding,Bevel Siding, and Log Cabin Siding.

Drop Siding is machined in a variety ofnumbered patterns such as #105, #117,and #122.

Bevel Siding is one of the more populartypes of siding chosen for residentialapplications. It is manufactured by resaw-ing kiln-dried surfaced lumber at an angleto produce two beveled pieces.

Log Cabin Siding simulates the appear-ance of actual logs and can be used forboth exterior and interior applications.

Siding installed horizontally or at an anglemakes the structure appear lower andlonger. Southern Pine siding produced inaccordance with SPIB Grading Rules isrequired to be seasoned to a specificmoisture content. See Table 2.

When siding is adequately seasoned andkept dry prior to proper installation andfinishing, it will remain securely in place,and is less likely to shrink or open at thejoints.


1x8 C&BtrSiding

Pattern #105

Log Cabin Siding

1x6 C&BtrSiding

Pattern #117


INSTALLATION GUIDELINESSouthern Pine siding is relatively easy toinstall. It is essential that the wood bekept dry before and during construction.Wood shrinks and swells with changes inits moisture content. To minimize dimen-sional changes after installation, installsiding at a moisture content that matchesthe local climate as closely as possible.

Courses of horizontal siding should bespaced so that a single piece runs contin-uously above and below windows anddoors without notching or splicing. Sidingshould be butted snugly and squarelyagainst door and window casings, cornerboards, and adjoining boards. Miteredcorners should be precisely fitted, avoid-ing creation of any cavities where mois-ture could collect.

All nailing should be done into studs, andthe total effective penetration of the nailshould be at least 1-1/2”. Hot-dipgalvanized, stainless steel, or othernoncorrosive nails are recommended forfastening siding. Solid lumber sidingshould be fastened in a manner thatpermits individual pieces to seasonallyshrink and swell, reducing potentialcracking and splitting.


1x6 C&Btr T&GV-groove

Pattern #122

1x8 C&Btr T&GV-groove

Pattern #122

blind-nailedthroughtongue

nail 1”above overlappingedge

1-1/2” effectivepenetrationtypical

1-1/2”

face-nailed

1-1/2”

Boards 6” or widerare face-nailed withtwo 8d nails.

Boards 8” and widerrequire one additionalnail in the center.

Nail 1-1/2” up from lower edge of piece. For8” and wider, use two nails, 3” to 4” apart.

Shiplap

Log CabinSiding

Center-Matched



CEILING & PANELINGThe Southern Pine double-beaded patternis a classic for interior ceiling and wain-scoting applications. Walls and ceilingsusing this pattern are highlighted by thedistinctive raised double bead. Paneling iscommonly used for both interior and exte-rior drop applications and is noted for itshigh-quality appearance. Both ceiling andpaneling are produced in a variety ofgrades. Grades of C&Better (C&Btr) and Dprovide an excellent painting or stainingsurface. No.2 and No.3 grades offer aneconomical solution for general-purposeuse, and are often well-suited for a rusticdécor.

1x4 C&Btr T&GDouble-beaded Ceiling



2x6 No.2V-joint Decking

1x6 C&Btr T&GCenter V Paneling

Pattern #116



1x6 C&BtrVertical-grain Flooring

1x4 C&BtrFlat-grain Flooring

1x6 No.2Flat-grain Flooring


FLOORINGA superior choice for interior flooring,Southern Pine is highly resistant to normalwear and possesses a unique warm andrich color that enhances any room.

Vertical or edge-grain Flooring features aconsistent, pinstripe grain with few knots,creating an almost formal appearance.With a harder wearing surface thanflat-grain material, vertical or edge-grainflooring may be desirable in high-trafficapplications.

Flat-grain Flooring highlights the wood’sunique colors, grain pattern, and growthcharacteristics, offering rich and exceptionalcharacter exclusive only to Southern Pine.Typically, flat-grain flooring is more widelyavailable than vertical-grain material.

For optimum appearance, C&Btr and Dgrades provide an excellent flooring sur-face, suitable for a protective clear finishor staining. No.2 flooring offers an eco-nomical solution for general-purposeuses, complementing a rustic décor.

PREFINISHED FLOORINGPrefinished Southern Pine flooring offersthe convenience of a flooring surfacechoice with a built-in finish, expeditingproject completion. Various widths,grades, and finishes are manufactured,with limited availability.

STAIR TREADSSouthern Pine 5/4 x 12" bull-nosed stairtreads provide a sturdy, durable, andattractive stepping surface. Stair treadsmay be finished in the same manner asflooring.


Stair Tread

1x6 No.2 Flooring

Prefinished Flooring


PORCH FLOORINGSouthern Pine, combined with the latestadvances in wood preservation, is asuperior choice for porch flooring. With itsbuilt-in resistance to decay and termites,pressure-treated Southern Pine porchflooring, properly installed, will providedecades of satisfying service.

Porch flooring is similar in sizes, grades,and patterns to interior flooring (refer topages 7-8). Nominal thicknesses aretypically 1" and 1-1/4" (3/4" and 1"actual) with a tongue-and-groove pattern,available in widths of 4" to 6" nominal(3-1/8" to 5-1/8" actual). The grade ofC&Btr is most-often specified for porchflooring applications.

The specification of material that is kiln-dried-after-treatment (KDAT) is highly rec-ommended. Redrying the treated materialwill return each piece to a workable mois-ture content, generally to 19% or less.The advantages of KDAT flooring materialinclude enhanced dimensional stability,and reduced tendencies to warp, twist,and cup.


1x4 C&Btr T&GPorch Flooring



One of the inherent advantages to specifying Southern Pinepatterns is its superior ability to accept a wide variety of finish-es. It’s important to remember that the wood must be thor-oughly clean and dry before any type of finish is applied. Inaddition, be sure to follow all instructions provided by the fin-ish manufacturer for proper application.Ceiling & Paneling – Once installed, the possibilities foradding dramatic color to a room are endless. Many homeown-ers prefer to accent the distinctive grain of Southern Pine bysimply applying a clearpolyurethane finish to all exposedsurfaces. These clear finishes aregenerally available in matte/satin,semi-gloss, or high gloss to suitindividual preferences. SouthernPine readily accepts solid or semi-transparent stains, too. For paint-ing, a coat of primer plus twocoats of a good-quality latex paintis recommended.Siding – Protection of exteriorsiding can include your choice of paints or stains. To achievemaximum paint life:� Treat all surfaces with a paintable water-repellent preserva-tive. Caulk all joints and cracks. Allow time to dry thoroughly.� Prime bare wood as soon as possible.� Apply two coats of a good-quality all-acrylic latex house paintover the primer.� Avoid future separation between paint coats by applying thefirst topcoat within two weeks of the primer, and the secondcoat within two weeks of the first.

Solid-color stains act much like paint and may be applied to asmooth surface with a brush, roller, or pad. Two coats will providebetter protection and longer service. The all-acrylic latex stains aregenerally superior, especially when two coats are applied.

Unlike paint, solid-color stains may leave lap marks. Latex-based stains are fast-drying and more likely to show lap marksthan are oil-based stains. Lap marks can be prevented by stain-ing only a small number of boards at a time.

Oils and semi-transparent penetrating stains may be appliedusing a brush, sprayer, or roller. Brushing will usually providebetter penetration and performance of the finish. Spraying fol-lowed by back-brushing is also a good method of application.For optimum service on rough-sawn or weathered lumber, usetwo coats; apply the second coat before the first one is dry.

Latex semi-transparent stains do not penetrate the wood sur-face, but are easy to apply and less likely to form lap marks.Application of two coats is recommended. Flooring – Floor finishes provide both a protective and decora-tive surface. A stain is one option, adding warmth and charm;stains are available in a wide range of colors.

If the new floor is not stained, it is recommended that a pro-tective sealer be applied. Penetrating sealers and surface seal-ers are two of the available types.

Penetrating sealers are floor waxes that prevent the penetra-tion of liquids and dirt into the flooring. Chips and scratchesare maintainable with small amounts of wax. On new floors, aliquid buffing wax applied to a wax finish forms an additionalbarrier to dirt and stains. Read the buffing wax label carefully,making certain it is suitable for wood floors. Do not use anyproduct containing water.

Surface sealers do not penetrate the wood-wearing surface.

Instead, they create a wood-bonding surface layer. Differenttypes include polyurethanes, moisture-cured urethanes, andacid-cured urethanes.

Polyurethanes are the more popular surface sealers. Theyprovide both durability and moisture resistance. They are avail-able in oil and water-based formulations, in addition to high-gloss, semi-gloss, matte, and satin finishes.

Polyurethane sealers offer excellent resistance to water, scuffmarks, and scratches, and provide a durable finish for high-traf-fic areas such as hallways, kitchens, bathrooms, and familyrooms. However, polyurethane finishes have a tendency to dis-color as they age, slightly tinting the floor color. When regularmaintenance no longer provides satisfactory floor surface appear-ance, sanding is recommended before applying a new coat.

Moisture-cure urethanes are the hardest of the surface seal-ers. These urethane sealers are extremely prone to errors. Donot attempt to apply urethane sealers without the supervisionof an experienced floor finisher.

Acid-cured urethanes, also known as Swedish finishes, pro-vide a clearer and somewhat harder surface finish thanpolyurethanes. Again, due to the technical intricacies of appli-cation, consult a floor finishing professional.

The finish selected will affect how often the floor needscleaning. A lighter floor will hidedust better; however, dirt, spills,and grit may remain more visi-ble leading to more frequentsweeping. A lighter floor coloringenhances room size; a roomappears larger and brighter.

Conversely, darker colors offloor finishes tend to concealscratches, cracks, grit, and sedi-ment, and are more forgivingthan lighter colors. Dark floor col-ors help to camouflage the visual damages of heel marks,gouges, and furniture scratches. Since dark colors absorb lightrather than reflect it, a dark floor color may make a roomappear smaller than lighter colors.Porch Flooring – Proper porch flooring installation actuallyinvolves applying the finish prior to installation. Many buildersbegin with a coat of water-repellent sealer on the top of allfloor joists, providing added protection against joist expansiondue to excessive collection of moisture.

For the porch flooring, begin with a coat of a paintable water-repellent sealer on all four sides and the ends, followed by(after adequate drying time) a coat of high-quality, mildew-resis-tant oil-based exterior primer. Consider applying a final coat ofoil-based porch enamel to the tongue and grooves (also to theends of any pieces that will be adjacent to the house) andinstalling it while the paint is still wet. This procedure not onlyassures an effective seal against moisture penetration, but alsoprovides a good bond between floor boards.

Upon completion of the flooring installation, applying twocoats of the oil-based porch enamel to the surface and exposedends is recommended. Solid-color stains should never be usedon a porch floor due to their low resin content.

More detailed information about the proper installation andfinishing of Southern Pine interior flooring and porch flooringis available from the Southern Forest Products Association.Refer to the publications Southern Pine Flooring and Southern PineDecks & Porches, available for download at SouthernPine.com.

FINISHING SOUTHERN PINE PATTERNS


Additional InformationThe Southern Forest Products Association offers a wide variety of helpful publications for

design-build professionals. The titles listed below are available online in PDF. VisitSouthernPine.com to download.

Southern Pine Use Guidegrade descriptions, design values, applications, specification guidelines

Southern Pine Flooringproduct description, installation, finishing, maintenance

Pressure-Treated Southern Pinepreservative types, standards, specifications, applications

Southern Pine ResourcesSouthern forests are abundant, healthy,

and growing. Today’s diverse ecosystem isprimarily the result of private landownersmanaging their land for different uses.Private landowners own more than 80% ofthe South’s forests. Their management prior-ities may include recreation, aesthetics, andwood products. And because active forestmanagement results in healthy tree growth,Southern forests contribute significant envi-ronmental benefits, such as improved air andwater quality, soil stabilization, shade, and adiverse wildlife habitat.

Many landowners hire a professionalforester to develop a land management plantailored to their long-term objectives. Whenit is appropriate to harvest the timber,foresters assist with the sale to ensure allprovisions of the contract are satisfied.

Some private landowners choose to havemanagement plans that follow certainrequirements to meet a prescribed forest cer-tification standard. According to the certifica-tion standard, rigorous criteria are estab-lished to assure the forest is well-managed.Certification standards, such as theSustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) or theAmerican Tree Farm System offer consumerspeace of mind knowing that the final woodproduct was produced from a well-managed,certified forest. In addition, some manufac-turers are requiring timber to be harvestedby a reputable certified and trained loggingoperation.

After harvest, trees are replanted assuringthat future generations will benefit from themany products of our healthy Southernforests.

SFPA #704 3-12


The Southern Forest Products Association (SFPA) is a nonprofit trade promotional group supported bySouthern Pine lumber manufacturers. SFPA neither grades, tests, manufactures, nor treats lumber products.

The content of this publication has been compiled by SFPA as a service to buyers, users, and specifiersof wood building materials. Information pertaining to Southern Pine products, grades, sizes, and moisturecontent requirements is based on the Standard Grading Rules for Southern Pine Lumber published by theSouthern Pine Inspection Bureau. Accordingly, SFPA does not warrant the information in this publication andassumes no liability for damage caused or contributed to by the use of such information.

The conditions under which lumber is used in construction may vary widely, as does the quality of work-manship. Neither SFPA, nor its members, have knowledge of the quality of materials, workmanship or con-struction methods used on any construction project and, accordingly, do not warrant the technical data,design or performance of the lumber in completed structures.

OnlinePRODUCT LOCATOR

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Visit the online Product Locator at

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to find SFPA member producers.

SFPA is a nonprofit tradeassociation that has representedmanufacturers of Southern Pine

lumber since 1915.

6660 Riverside Drive, Suite 212Metairie, LA 70003

504/443-4464 • Fax 504/[email protected]

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