Google Earth Music Exploration Teacher’s Guide

Instrument Tour #2 Prepared by Labanya Mookerjee, undergraduate researcher, Penn State Brandywine, with

assistance from Teri Yerger, doctoral candidate, music education, Penn State – University Park

Objectives: a) Explore and identify the key instruments belonging to the distinct music cultures

around the world b) To match the appropriate audio with the instrument portrayed in a picture

Connections to Curriculum: Music, Technology, Geography Materials: -Connection from computer to projection screen at the front of the room Time Needed: 1class period (50 minutes) National Geography Standards for Grades K-4: 4) Places and Regions, The Physical and Human Characteristics of Places 6) Places and Regions, How Culture and Experience Influence People's Perceptions of Places and Regions 10) Human Systems, The Characteristics, Distribution, and Complexity of Earth's Cultural Mosaics 17) The Uses of Geography, How to Apply Geography to Interpret the Past Source: National Geography Standards, Geography Education Standards Project. 1994. Geography for Life: The National Geography Standards. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society Committee on Research and Exploration. National Educational Technology Standards: 2) Communication and Collaboration

-Students use digital media and environments to communicate and work collaboratively, including at a distance, to support individual learning and contribute to the learning of others.

c) Students develop cultural understanding and global awareness by engaging with learners of other cultures

Source: International Society for Technology and Education. 2007. National educational technology standards (NETS-S) and performance indicators for students. National Music Standards for Grades K-4: 6) Listening to, analyzing, and describing music -Students identify simple music forms when presented aurally

-Students demonstrate perceptual skills by moving, by answering questions about, and by describing aural examples of music of various styles representing diverse cultures

7) Evaluating music and music performances -Students devise criteria for evaluating performances and compositions; students explain, using appropriate music terminology, their personal preferences for specific musical works and styles

8) Understanding music in relation to history and culture -Students identify by genre or style aural examples of music from various historical periods and cultures -Students identify various uses of music in their daily experiences and describe characteristics that make certain music suitable for each use

Source: http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/teach/standards/standards_k4.cfm#02 Directions for Class Activity 1. Open and expand “Instrument Tour #2” on the left panel 2. Click on “Instruments of the World” 3. Expand and check box next to “Exploration A” 4. Double-Click on “Scotland” [shown below] 5. Double-Click through the other two countries 6. Expand and check box next to “Concert” 7. Click through all the “Performances” 8. Move on to next Exploration and continue cycle

NOTE: Check "Borders and Labels" under "Layers" tab

NOTE: Check "Borders and Labels" under "Layers" tab

Music Clips Exploration A 1) Country: Scotland

-Artist: John A. MacLellan -Title: Lament for Colin Roy MacKenzie -Album Site: http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=1545

-Background Information: “A bagpipe is in fact a set of reed pipes, sometimes oboes, sometimes clarinets, sometimes mixed, all reaching into a leather bag, so that the reeds are concealed inside and vibrate under the pressure of the wind that the player controls with his mouth and his elbow. In its simplest form, the bagpipe has one pipe with fingerholes for the melody and another one, without fingerholes, for a sustained ‘drone’; riper forms have several drones in groundtone, fifth, and octave.” For more information, download the liner notes provided on the Album Site.

2) Country: Japan

-Artist: Kojiro Umezaki -Title: Itsuki no Komoriuta -Album Site: http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=2811

-Background Information: “Lullaby from Itsuki” (“Itsuki no Komoriuta”) is a folk melody from Kumamoto Prefecture in southern Japan. With lyrics, it is the lament of a young nursemaid sent away to be employed by a family of the noble class. Ironically, it is sung as a lullaby to the infant she nurses. Recognized as a favorite traditional melody in Japan, it has been adapted into the repertory of many other genres Japanese music, for example, as presented here in a classical interpretation on the shakuhachi.

The shakuhachi and ney (illustrated in the preceding track) share a similar timbre, or tone color, while each instrument has quite a different performance technique and musical style. The shakuhachi player searches not only for sounds that are pure and “beautiful,” but to a greater or lesser degree introduces the sound of breath, thus enlarging the expressive palette of the instrument. The reed flute’s ability to amplify the sound of breath—the wellspring of life and spirit—probably explains the fact that from North Africa to Japan, mastery of bamboo or reed flutes is always a spiritual vocation. For example, the shakuhachi’s historical association with Zen Buddhism is analogous to the ney’s link to Sufism.”

3) Country: Former Silesia

-Artist: Lucie De Vienne Blanc -Title: Grande -Album Site: http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=1529 -Background Information: “Without words, only to stimulate the oxen and to forget lonliness.” For more information, download the liner notes provided on the Album Site.

Concert for Exploration A: Performance #1

-Artist: Madison's Lively Stones -Title: Never Going to Let You Go -Album Site: http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=2649

Performance #2 -Artist: Asghar Baharai -Title: Avaz of Afshari -Album Site: http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=2294 Performance #3 -Artist: Yasuada Shinpu -Title: Ajikan -Album Site: http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=707

***** Exploration B: 1) Country: United States

-Artist: Stephen Addiss and Bill Crofut -Title: Banjo Medley -Album Site: http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=283

-Background Information: Unavailable 2) Country: Mexico

-Artist: Gustavo Zepoll -Title: Serenade -Album Site: http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=2212

-Background Information: Unavailable 3) Country: Ukraine

-Artist: The Ukrainian Bandura Players -Title: Kozachok -Album Site: http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=2534

-Background Information: Unavailable Concert for Exploration B: Performance #1

-Artist: David and Billie Ray Johnson -Title: Earl's Breakdown -Album Site: http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=1872

Performance #2 -Artist: The Ukrainian Bandura Players

-Title: Hutsulka -Album Site: http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=2497 Performance #3

-Artist: Tau Langi' and Parui' -Title: Three Songs

-Album Site: http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=2410

***** Exploration C: 1) Country: Trinidad & Tobago

-Artist: Bamboushay Steel Band -Title: Kingston Town

-Album Site: http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=608 -Background Information: “Utilizing what was at the time a plentiful supply of oil barrels discarded by American naval units in Port of Spain, Trinidadians brought into existence a new instrument of great vitality and remarkable versatility…Like many folk instruments, the steel drum is closely related to dance. (Bamboushay is the name of a West Indian dance step.) In the West Indies steel bands provide music for parades, dances, and other celebrations.” For more information, download the liner notes provided on the Album Site.

2) Country: Mali

-Artist: N/A -Title: Song of Praise -Album Site: http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=1568

-Background Information: “The native xylophone (or marimba) is called balafon by the Malinke. It was described by a Portuguese explorer as early as 1586. The xylophone of our "swing" bands has changed considerably from the primitive idea brought by the African slaves to the New World. In Africa the xylophone has many forms, those with free keys or staves, those with fixed staves, those without gourd resonators and those with one, two or many gourds…

The type recorded here consists of a strong light frame supporting sixteen staves of wood of different sizes. Small round gourds, two for each key or stave, are ·suspended below the staves on the wooden frame of the instrument.

The Africans have great skill in playing the xylophone. It is played with two small beaters like drum sticks, with a ball of native rubber on the end of each beater. The musicians of this orchestra are wearing bells on their hands to furnish a background for the xylophone melody.

Throughout French West Africa, songs are frequently used as an important moral agent in the community. Songs of satire are very powerful because there is no punishment an African dreads more than being held up to the ridicule of his fellowmen.

On the other hand, songs about worthy citizens, praising them for their virtues, encourage others to follow their excellent example. There is a large repertoire of songs of praise for the chiefs and dignitaries of the region.

The song recorded here is a song of praise sung in honor of the ruler in power.” For more information, download the liner notes provided on the Album Site.

3) Country: Botswana

-Artist: Young Masarawa woman recorded in the village of Kang -Title: Basarwa (Bushmen) Selections: Basarwa Instrumental Selection - Setinkane (Mbira)

-Album Site: http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=796 -Background Information: “This…instrumental selection…was recorded in the village of Kang, and is also about the hartebeest. Toward the end of her selection, one of the young men of the band was inspired to stand up, sing and dance.” For more information, download the liner notes provided on the Album Site

Concert for Exploration B: Performance #1

-Artist: Bamboushay Steel Band -Title: Mambo Jambo -Album Site: http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=608 Performance #2

-Artist: N/A -Title: Street Band Drumming -Album Site: http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=900 Performance #3

-Artist: N/A -Title: Bata Drums -Album Site: http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=854