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Sound Attenuation

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©2007 • Table of Contents

Sound Attenuation

Presented By: Elzo GernhartPAC International Inc.7310 Smoke Ranch Rd Suite "E"Las Vegas, NV. 89128

Description: Provides an overview of acoustics and building construction techniques for sound attenuation with a focus on the use of resilient sound isolation clips.

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The American Institute of Architects · Course No. AEC221; LUs – 1.00 · This program qualifies for HSW credit.

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Learning Objectives

Upon completing this course, you will be able to:

• Define acoustics as it relates to architecture

• Determine the code requirements for sound transmission criteria

• Predict airborne and structure borne noise paths and select appropriate sound isolation details to disrupt these paths

• Identify sound isolation techniques, materials and products

• Recognize the role of resilient sound isolation clips in sound attenuation and specify appropriate locations for their use





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Table of Contents

Acoustics

Acoustical Requirements

Construction Techniques

Resilient Sound Isolation Clips

Summary

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Click on title to view





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Acoustics





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Introduction

We live in a sensory world immersed in visual, tactile, or aural cues that allows us to navigate through life.

Architecture has evolved from simply providing shelter to a functional art form that excites the visual and experiential senses. The evolution of architecture has long been accompanied by acoustics from the early cave dwellings to today’s technology infused environment.

Why is acoustics important in architecture? How does acoustics impact architectural design?

Acoustics





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Introduction cont’d…

In this session, we will seek to introduce the rudimentary foundations of acoustics, its dynamic impact on design, and practical, yet effective solutions in the manipulation and control of sound.

Acoustics





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Acoustics

Acoustics is the science concerned with the production, control, transmission, reception, and effects of sound. (Source: www.wikipedia.com )

In architecture, the science of acoustics includes wall and ceiling assembly sound isolation, building systems’ noise and vibration control, room shaping and finishes to augment natural sound or control reverberant energy buildup and flutter echoes, specification of specialty systems such as operable walls, etc.

Outside the building confines, it may include environmental noise issues and mitigation, sound prediction, modeling and measurements.

Acoustics




http://www.wikipedia.com/


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Sound

Sound is the sensation produced by stimulation of the organs of hearing by mechanical vibrations transmitted through the air or other elastic medium, traveling in air at a speed of approximately 1,087 ft. per second at sea level. Sound travels even faster through solids than it does through air.

Sound is measured in terms of decibel (dB). The illustration shown here graphically represents the approximate decibel level for various noise sources.

Acoustics





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Decibel

Reduced to it’s simplest term, decibel is a unit used to expressed sound level. It is coined from the Latin word decibel “tenth,” from decem “ten” + bel unit for measuring sound, after Alexander Graham Bell. Bel is simply a unit of power ratio, equal to 10 decibels.

It is a unit used to express relative difference in power or intensity, usually between two acoustic or electric signals, equal to ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the two levels.

The decibel (dB) is a unit used to express the intensity of a sound wave, equal to 20 times the common logarithm of the ratio of the pressure produced by the sound wave to a reference pressure, usually 0.0002 microbar. A 10 decibel increase in sound is equal to a doubling of sound power level.

Acoustics





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Factors Affecting Sound Propagation

The behavior of sound is affected by medium, distance, environmental condition, interaction with other physical properties.

Acoustics





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Sound Properties Resemble Light Properties

Sound properties can in many ways resemble light.

Flashlight and Loudspeaker Horn A beam of light projected from a flashlight travels between Point A and B, with little luminance in the surrounding region unless reflected. A high directivity loudspeaker horn projects sound within a narrow region unless reflected off a hard surface.

Bulb and Bell Ringing The luminance from a light bulb is spherical in nature and envelopes the space it is in, as with a ringing bell’s sound engulfing the entire room.

Acoustics

Light Beam Bell RingingLight BulbLoud Speaker Horn





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Sound Properties Resemble Light Properties cont’d…

Reflected Light and Sound As with sound, light can be reflected, refracted, or diffused depending on the medium it intersects.

Shadow and Sound Barrier As with light, sound can be blocked with a solid barrier of sufficient mass.

ShadowSound Barrier

Reflected LightReflected Sound

Acoustics





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Impact of Design on Acoustics

Architectural design, from exterior landscaping to interior design, impact acoustics in many ways, sometimes discernibly and in others, imperceptibly.

For example, a project site located adjacent to a freeway will require creative landscape and site design, through introduction of earth berms, solid walls, to foliage to reduce sound impact on the site or building itself.

Sound Diffusion Sound Berm Sound Barrier

Acoustics





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Impact of Design on Acoustics cont’d…

Within the confines of the building, choice of finishes for walls and ceiling may impact whether or not the space is reverberant or prone to flutter echoes.

In performing arts’ spaces, volume, wall and ceiling shaping, and finishes have direct correlation with multiple acoustical parameters such as reverberation time, early decay time, strength, clarity, lateral energy fraction, inter-aural cross correlation, and early support.

Sound ReflectionSound DiffusionSound Focusing

Acoustics





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Impact of Design on Acoustics cont’d…

In other interior spaces, a domed ceiling can result in eerie echoes and sound focusing, and concave walls can result in sound creepage where a coherent voice can be heard along the curved wall even at a distance.

Even with adequate sound isolating wall and floor-ceiling assemblies, noisy mechanical equipment may require additional sound enclosure to further attenuate noise impact on nearby personnel.

Sound Creeping Sound Absorber Sound Enclosure

Acoustics





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Nature Impacts Sound Propagation

Outside of architecture, nature can also impact sound and its propagation. This includes ground effect, wind direction, temperature, air density, etc.

Wind direction and temperature

Acoustics





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Design Impact on Acoustics

Beyond common architectural design elements, the form of the building and space itself, as well as the functional intent of the space, can impact acoustics dramatically.

In the pictures presented here, large room volume and sound reflecting finish elements, contribute to excessive reverberant energy build-up and echoes. FASHION SHOW MALLFASHION SHOW MALL

MILWAUKEE ART MUSEUMMILWAUKEE ART MUSEUM

Acoustics





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Acoustic NeedsAcoustics





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Acoustic Needs cont’d…

Environmental Noise AssessmentProperties located within an airport noise zone, in close proximity to railroads, freeways, and other environmental noise sources may require this evaluation for sound isolation, or for meeting local noise codes.

Building Shell Evaluation Associated with environmental noise assessment, this service provides recommendations for the actual building envelope design, as far as assembly sound rating for the exterior wall, windows, doors, vents, etc., in meeting required noise level reduction. Based on FHA requirement, the residual outdoor noise level within the building may not be more than 45dBA. This is true also in California Title 24/25.

Space Adjacency Acoustically evaluate architectural space layout for adjacency issues such as locating mechanical equipment room next to a sound-sensitive bedroom space.

Acoustics





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Partition Design & DesignationSpecify and designate sound isolating partition types based on room sound isolation requirement and space adjacency. Wall assembly selection based on STC and UL fire resistive design assembly where required.

Floor-Ceiling Assembly Specify and designate sound isolating floor-ceiling assembly based on airborne and impact sound isolation requirement and space adjacency. Floor-ceiling assembly selection based on STC, IIC, and UL fire resistive design assembly where required.

Equipment Noise & Vibration Control Evaluate specified mechanical equipment for noise & vibration impact on the project, provide recommendations for equipment sound and vibration isolation. Including flat panel TV wall mounts and speaker mounts for home theaters and entertainment systems.

Acoustics





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Plumbing Isolation Provide sound and vibration isolation recommendations and details for avoiding plumbing related acoustical issues.

Field NIC and IIC Tests Provide field test services to evaluate as-build wall and floor-ceiling assemblies acoustical performance, and assess whether or not the assemblies past minimum code requirement or design goals.

Acoustics





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Noise

Unwanted sound is considered noise. Noise is an irritant. Within building spaces noise can be reduced by using materials or assemblies that reduce the transmission of sound.


Techniques needed to combat noise





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Urban Noise

Research has shown that urban environments have been known to cause stress, ailments and a decrease in productivity. Noise is a major cause of these types of disabilities.

As seen in the adjacent chart the average background noise level ranges between 35dBA to 45dBA in rural communities, while in urban communities, the noise level peaked at 75dBA.


Eight to eleven times as loud/noisy (outdoor spaces generally not useable, potential indoor speech interference, significant sleep disturbance)

65-75Urban residential on major arterial or highway

Six times as loud/noisy (speech interference outdoors, increasing potential for sleep disturbance)

60-65Urban residential on arterial road or main highway

Four times as loud/noisy (threshold for onset of noise impacts due to speech and sleep interference)

55-60Urban residential near arterial road /main street

Three times as loud /noisy (still generally no significant noise impacts in residential areas)

50-55Urban Residential away from arterial/main streets

Twice as loud or noisy (but still quite quiet)

45-50Quiet Suburban

40% louder/noisier (still very quiet)40-45Rural Residential

Baseline – Extremely quiet like typical quiet living room

35-40Undeveloped Rural

Subjective Loudness/NoisinessRepresentative 4 Hour Average Noise levels (dBA)

Residential Environment





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STC and IIC

While architecture is commonly defined by its exterior and interior forms, the functional elements are comprised of partitions, floors, fenestrations, etc. All these elements are relevant to sound isolation. The acoustical performance of these assemblies are determined by their Sound Transmission Class.

The Sound Transmission Class (STC) is a single-number rating of a material's or an assembly's ability to resist airborne sound transfer at the frequencies 125-4000 Hz. In general, a higher STC rating blocks more noise from transmitting through a partition or ceiling system.

Impact Insulation Class (IIC) is a single-number rating that indicates the amount of impact noise isolation provided by a floor/ceiling assembly. The higher the number, the quieter the floor/ceiling assembly. This value is often used in conjunction with STC.






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STC

An STC of 40 roughly translates to approximately 40 decibels of sound isolation. For example, if your bedroom is adjacent to your teenager’s room where his stereo measured in at 100 decibels, with an STC 40 demising wall between both rooms, one can expect an approximate noise reduction of 40 decibels, with a resulting sound level in your bedroom of around 60 decibels which is still too loud.

In order for you to sleep soundly, you will need a demising wall with a rated STC of over 65, granted that all other flanking paths have been avoided.






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Minimum STC

The International Building Code Section 1207 requires a STC of not less than 50 (45 if field tested) for walls, partitions, and floor/ceiling assemblies separating dwelling units from each other or from public or service areas.

While the International Building Code is universally applicable throughout the United States mainland its adherence may be superseded by local jurisdiction. For instance, some may require STC55 in-lieu of STC50 for party wall assemblies.






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Minimum STC cont’d…

These current criteria are still insufficient in addressing most airborne and impact noise concerns. Projects meeting minimum criteria typically result in increased noise complaints. There is a corresponding reduction in complaints with higher STC/IIC.

Under most circumstances, STC/IIC 60 is generally recommended between units, and STC/IIC 55 between unit and corridor.


Note:1. Inclusive of high noise spaces such as lobbies, boiler

rooms, mechanical equipment rooms, elevator shafts, laundries, incinerator shafts and garages.

2. Inclusive of storage rooms, stairways etc.3. This STC rating is not achievable in walls with entry

doors even where gaskets are present.

IIC 55STC 55Unit to Corridor (2,3)

IIC 60STC 60Unit to Unit (1)

IICSTCLocation of Floor-Ceiling

Ideal Sound Transmission Limitations for Floors in Multi-Family Housing





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Testing Methods

Both laboratory and field test methodology are based on approved ASTM standards as shown here.

Acoustics-Measurement of Sound Insulation in Buildings and of Building Elements

International Standard ISO140-4 (11)

Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine

ASTM E492

Standard Classification for Rating Sound InsulationASTM E413

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Insulation in Buildings

ASTM E336

Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Elements

ASTM E90






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Field STC Tests

The field STC/IIC tests are commonly accepted to be 5 STC or IIC points lower than the laboratory tested conditions, although due to actual as-built conditions, the variance may be as high as 5 to 10 points less than the corresponding laboratory rating.






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Common Noise Paths

The total transmission of sound through a partition is a combination of both direct sound and flanking sound.

Sound travels not only directly through a partition but also causes structure borne vibration in all surfaces of the source room.

This vibration is transmitted across the surfaces and some passes through the junctions where these surfaces connect. This is called flanking sound and it will radiate into the receiving room.

Source: New Design Guide for Controlling Flanking Sound NRC






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Sound Attenuation Aspects of Wall

The disruption and dampening of these sound paths is the key to sound isolation in buildings.

This can be done in a number of ways. The STC performance of an assembly is based on the following aspects of a wall:

• Mass of the material • Structural stiffness • Airspace and sound insulation• Decoupling of membrane






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Mass

The greater the mass of a wall the better it is at preventing airborne sound from traveling through it.

The Mass Law states that the sound transmission of a wall is proportional to its mass per unit area. However, certain constructions can outperform the mass law, in particular cavity constructions.

As shown at right, doubling up on gypsum board significantly increases the STC rating. Add 6 STC points for every doubling of the surface mass weight on both sides of a wall.


(Sample: 3-5/8” x 20 gauge steel stud walls)





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Rigid vs. Non Rigid

When the gypsum board in a wall is solidly fastened to both sides of a wood or steel stud a rigid assembly is created. This assembly facilitates the movement of structure –borne sound. By separating the studs and creating a less rigid wall the STC rating rises.

STC 56

STC 46STC 36

STC 47


Sample: 25 gauge steel stud walls Sample: Wood stud walls





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Steel Stud vs. Wood Stud

STC values of walls using wood stud and steel stud construction vary as shown at right. The steel stud wall shows a significant increase in STC rating.

The steel stud, being less rigid than a wood stud, acts somewhat like a resilient channel.

STC 36 STC 44


25 gauge steel stud wall





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Insulation

Insulation is required to maintain both sound and fire rating in an assembly. The graph below shows the Noise Reduction Co-efficient of different types of insulation. Fiberglass batt insulation appears to be the lowest cost, most available and delivers acceptable STC in floor-ceiling and wall assemblies.

Insulation Comparisson

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

125Hz 250Hz 500Hz 1kHz 2kHz 4kHz

Octave Band Frequency in Hertz

Noi

se R

educ

tion

Coe

ffici

ent (

% A

bsor

ptiv

e)

Thermacoustic Fiberglass Spray

Monoglass Fiberglass Spray

Thermafiber Mineral Fiber

OCF Sonobatt Glass Wool

Cellulose Spray Fiber

Insulation Comparisson

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

125Hz 250Hz 500Hz 1kHz 2kHz 4kHz

Octave Band Frequency in Hertz

Noi

se R

educ

tion

Coe

ffici

ent (

% A

bsor

ptiv

e)

Thermacoustic Fiberglass Spray

Monoglass Fiberglass Spray

Thermafiber Mineral Fiber

OCF Sonobatt Glass Wool

Cellulose Spray Fiber

Tests have shown that sound reduction continuously improves as the thickness of insulation covering the whole face of a wall increases.






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Acoustical Sealant

Sound that finds its way into a wall cavity will escape, unless dampened within the cavity, through any crack or opening. Thus, the use of acoustical sealants to finish a wall or ceiling is critical. Any small openings along the base or tops of walls can lower the STC ratings by as much as 10 points. Insulation and acoustical sealant are required in all acoustical assemblies.






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Wall Openings

Electrical box placement can affect sound transmission through a wall. Even in double stud walls the STC rating drops significantly when metal or UL rated plastic electrical boxes are placed back to back with or without any insulation in the cavity. Insulation will improve the sound transmission. Insulation combined with a distance of at least 24” between the boxes with a stud in between will produce a negligible drop in the STC rating.

The use of a firestop at the back and all sides of the electrical box also boosts the acoustical and fire performance of the wall. These pads, although designed for maintaining the fire rating, also act as a sound blocker.


This image above shows the proper way to wrap an electrical box with

putty pad.





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Decoupling of the Membrane

We have seen that an increase in mass can raise the STC but a more effective way of raising the STC is to break the structure borne path for sound transmission by decoupling the drywall panels. This can be done using a staggered stud wall, a double stud wall, resilient channels, rubber isolation mounts and to some extent steel studs.

•½” Type X gypsum wallboard both sides•2”x4” studs 16” O.C. or 24” O.C.

•½” Type X gypsum wallboard both sides•2”x4” studs 16” O.C. or 24” O.C.•Absorptive material

•Double ½” Type X gypsum wallboard both sides•Two rows 2”x4” studs 16” O.C. or 24” O.C. staggered on common 2”x6” plate•Absorptive material one side

•½” Type X gypsum wallboard both sides•Two rows 2”x4” studs 16” O.C. or 24” O.C. on common 2”x6” plate set 1” apart•Absorptive material both sides

STC 32

STC 34

STC 55

STC 57






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Resilient Channels

Resilient channels provide a discontinuity within the wall eliminating a path for sound to travel. These thin metal channels provide a resilient connection because of their ability to flex, thus absorbing the sound vibration rather than transmitting it.

STC 32

STC 50

STC 60

½” finished wood floor5/8” wood panel sheathingWood floor joists at 16” O.C.5/8” gypsum wallboard

½” panel sheathing5/8” wood panel sheathingWood floor joists at 16” O.C.Absorptive materialMetal resilient channel 8” O.C.5/8” gypsum wallboard

1½” lightweight concrete5/8” wood panel sheathingWood floor joists at 16” O.C.Absorptive materialMetal resilient channel 8” O.C.5/8” gypsum wallboard

The floor sections at right show the effect of resilient channels on STC rating. It is important to distinguish acoustically effective resilient channels from other light weight furring systems, other systems do not allow enough movement and are too rigid to be effective.






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Resilient Channels cont’d…

There are many types of resilient channels (RC-1) available. These different products can vary in gauge of steel and slot or hole patterns which has a direct impact on the resilient properties and acoustical performance of the product.

Of course, the difference between the various channels can be negated or accentuated if the channel is not installed properly.






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The most common error is to screw through the resilient channel into the framing thus negating the discontinuity that the channel is meant to achieve.

This is best avoided by using a screw that is not too long. The recommended screw length is 1" for the first layer of 5/8" board and 1-5/8" long screws for the second layer of 5/8" board. Realize installer error is common and should be expected when RC-1 is specified and used.






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Another common error is to install resilient channels directly over a solid surface, such as a layer of shear plywood or an existing layer of gypsum board.

Many tests have shown that this does not work (even if you use the correct screw length to avoid penetrating into the surface layer) because of the coupling created by the narrow (1/2 inch deep) air cavity. Using RC-1 channel in this application can reduce the wall’s ability to stop noise, and result in a lower performing system.


STC 38STC 36





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Other concerns include; verifying that the specific RC-1 products have been tested for STC and that the RC-1 product is capable of carrying the load of two layers of gypsum board.

Resilient Channels only provide a ½” offset between the back of the gypsum board and the face of the framing thereby permitting the common failure of short circuiting of the resilient channel type isolator.

The image to the right shows an example of an improper RC-1 installation. The RC-1 channel is installed upside down, resulting in decreased acoustical performance.






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We have seen that simple construction techniques can benefit sound ratings. Mass, materials, insulation and sealants, among other techniques, are simple ways to meet STC requirements. In the next section we will be focusing on improved technology: the use of resilient sound isolation clips.






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The resilient sound isolation clip, RSIC, is a rubber and steel assembly designed to hold 7/8-inch furring channels to isolate the furring channel from the structure, thus breaking the transfer of structure transmitted noise. The rubber portion of the assembly constantly isolates vibration leaving the furring channel to simply support the gypsum board.

Resilient sound isolation clips create a larger offset between the back of the gypsum board and the face of the framing virtually eliminating the problem of screwing through the channel to the framing.






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Function

RSICs can be used in any wall or ceiling assembly that uses gypsum board. The most common application for the RSIC is as a replacement for resilient channel (RC-1). Because of their unique design, combining special rubber composites, metal and the use of drywall furring channels, the clips actually support the gypsum board wall or ceiling, effectively floating the system. Isolation clips can effectively reduce the low frequency structure borne sound that travels through the structure.

Using sound isolation clips requires no special extras; they are compatible with standard drywall products of any thickness, require no special fasteners and the clips are used with standard drywall furring channel.






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UL Assemblies

RSICs are classified in UL fire resistive design assemblies. Verify with the manufacturer for exact details relating to the UL Fire Resistive Design Assemblies or go directly to the UL web site at www.ul.com .





http://www.ul.com/


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Applicability

Resilient sound isolation clips can be used in walls, both new and retro-fit applications, with framing made of wood, steel, concrete, CMU or Aerated Autoclaved Concrete.

These can be used in floor-ceiling assemblies built with solid wood joists, I beam wood joists, open web wood trusses, cold rolled steel C section joists, open web steel trusses, and concrete slabs or suspended ceilings.






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Resilient Sound Isolation Clips vs. Traditional Methods

RSICs are capable of reducing width of wall assemblies while increasing the STC beyond the traditional construction techniques. Also, costs to achieve similar STC ratings are lower when RSICs are employed.

STC 36No sound

attenuation$4.17/sq ft

STC 56No resilient products, width and separation used to achieve STC

rating$6.88/sq ft

STC 56RSIC used to achieve STC

rating$5.65/sq ft






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RSIC vs. Resilient Channels

The drawings below and on the following two slides, show the effectiveness of the RSIC in further increasing the STC value beyond that which can be achieved by using resilient channel.


STC-58RSIC Acoustic AssemblyDIRECT FIX TO STEEL WALL FRAME

CONSTRUCTION* 1 layer 5/8" Gypsum Board* 3-5/8” 20ga. Steel Stud at 24" oc* R-19 Insulation 5.5"* RSIC-1™ 48" oc.* Drywall Furring Channel at 24" oc* 1 layer 5/8" Gypsum BoardUL U419, U423

EST. STC-48 to 50Resilient Channel AssemblyDIRECT FIX TO STEEL STUD

CONSTRUCTION* 1 layer 5/8" Gypsum Board* 3-5/8” 20ga. Steel Stud at 24" oc* R-11 Insulation 3.5"* Resilient Channels* 1 layer 5/8" Gypsum Board

EST. STC-44WITHOUT RESILIENT CHANNELOR RSIC-1 CLIP





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RSIC vs. Resilient Channels cont’d…Resilient Sound Isolation Clips

STC-61RSIC Acoustic AssemblyDIRECT FIX TO STEEL WALL FRAME

CONSTRUCTION* 1 layer 5/8" Gypsum Board* 3-5.8” 20ga. Steel Stud at 24" oc* R-19 Insulation 5.5"* RSIC-1™ 48" oc.* Drywall Furring Channel at 24" oc* 2 layers 5/8" Gypsum Board* UL U419, U423


CONSTRUCTION* 1 layer 5/8" Gypsum Board* 3-5/8” Steel Stud at 24" oc* R-11 Insulation 3.5"* Resilient Channel* 2 layers 5/8" Gypsum Board

EST. STC-48WITHOUT RESILIENT CHANNELOR RSIC CLIP





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RSIC vs. Resilient Channels cont’d…Resilient Sound Isolation Clips

STC-64RSIC Acoustic AssemblyDIRECT FIX TO STEEL STUD

CONSTRUCTION* 2 layers 5/8" Gypsum Board* 3-5/8” 20ga. Steel Stud at 24" oc* R-19 Insulation 5.5"* RSIC-1™ 48" oc.* Drywall Furring Channel at 16“ oc* 2 layers 5/8" Gypsum Board* UL U419, U423


CONSTRUCTION* 2 layers 5/8" Gypsum Board* 3-5/8” Steel Stud at 24" oc* R-11 Insulation 3.5"* Resilient Channel* 2 layers 5/8" Gypsum Board

EST. STC-50WITHOUT RESILIENT CHANNELOR RSIC-1 CLIP





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Resilient Sound Isolation Clips and IIC

RSIC-1 Assembly Field

IIC60FSTC 55

Resilient Channel Assembly

Field

IIC44FSTC 53

Direct Connected Assembly

Field

IIC32FSTC 40

Resilient sound isolation clips have an equivalent effect on Impact Isolation Class in floor-ceiling assemblies. The drawings below show similar floor-ceiling assemblies with and without resilient products.






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IIC – Wood Framed Floor

Decoupling with a resilient channel provides almost a 50% increase in IIC. However, use of the RSIC almost triples the IIC over the directly connected ceiling assembly.

FIIC 60

RSIC-1 assembly

Exceeds code by 15 FIIC points

FIIC 44

RC-1 assembly

Does not meet minimum code

FIIC 32Direct connectedAssemblyDoes not meet minimum code


FIIC 60

FIIC 44

FIIC 32





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IIC – Structural Steel Floor

Structural gauge steel is similar to light wood framing when it comes to structural borne noise transmission.

FIIC 54RSIC-1 assemblyExceeds minimum code by 9 FIIC points

FIIC 44RC-1 assemblyDoes not meet minimum code

FIIC 32Direct connected assemblyDoes not meet minimum code


FIIC 54

FIIC 44

FIIC 32





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IIC – Post-Tensioned Concrete Floor

A 8” thick post tension concrete slab provides higher IIC values as shown with and without resilient products. Different thicknesses of concrete will yield different results. Pre-stressed hollow core will also provide different results from post-tensioned concrete.

FIIC 70

RSIC-1 assembly

Exceeds minimum code by 35 FIIC points

FIIC 45

RC-1 assembly


FIIC 36

Bare slab



FIIC 70

FIIC 45

FIIC 36





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Existing Building Retrofit

RSICs can be used in a retrofit situation. In this case an existing direct connected assembly consisting of 2 layers of wall board, wood stud and 1 layer of wallboard is retrofitted with resilient channel below and RSIC above.

2 Layers 5/8” GWB, R-11, 1 Layer 5/8” GWB, RC-1, 1 Layer 5/8” GWB.

FSTC 38

2 Layers 5/8” Gypsum, R-11, 1 Layer 5/8” GWB, RSIC-1, 7/8” DFC, 1 Layer 5/8” GWB.

FSTC 49

RSIC in retrofit

The RSIC provides superior sound attenuation and has the ability to cover the existing gypsum board reducing the labor expense of removal.






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Other Applications

• Where an additional ceiling drop for HVAC or chases is required sound isolation clips can be modified to accommodate the additional depth.

• For use under a concrete slab or steel deck floor system this adaptation is fastened directly to the underside of the concrete using a 3” or 4” drive pin. A threaded cup washer is installed to the pin and the clip is threaded onto the pin and set to height.






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Other Applications cont’d…

• Where a dropped drywall ceiling is required, this assembly will decouple the gypsum board from the floor structure above. The sound isolation clip snaps into a 1.5” cold rolled channel allowing for all the wires supporting the channel to be hard connected to the structure above.

• RSICs are available that have an overall thickness of 2”. When added to a conventional 2” x 4” wall framing the new overall thickness of the framing becomes 5 ½”, the standard thickness of a 2” x 6” stud wall.

Sound isolation clip for use with dropped ceilings

Please remember the exam password CLIP. You will be required to enter it in order to proceed with the online examination.






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Other Applications cont’d…

Adaptable resilient sound isolators are a requirement in today’s construction world. Here are a few versatile and adaptable sound isolators which have a nearly limitless number of ways they can be used and adapted to resolve very complex noise control issues.


Garage door opener isolation Lighting isolation Mechanical isolation





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Other Applications cont’d…Resilient Sound Isolation Clips

Ceiling fan electrical box isolation

RSIC technology combined with spring isolation for superior noise control

Wall mount flat screen TV isolation

RSIC value clip





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Summary





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Summary

Acoustics not only deals with the proper transmission and reception of desired sound but also the control of unwanted sound. In light of information detailing the negative impact of unwanted sound or noise on our health, the importance of sound attenuation in the built environment is of paramount importance.

There are many construction methods available to dampen or disrupt the sound paths that travel either directly or indirectly, through structure. New methods are being designed continually. Of the resilient materials available the resilient sound control clips offer advantages in both price and effectiveness, adding 15-20 STC and IIC points to standard construction assemblies.

Summary





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©2007 PAC International Inc. The material contained in this course was researched, assembled, and produced by PAC International Inc. and remains their property. Questions or concerns about this course should be directed to the instructor.

Conclusion of This Program

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