sosiologi & media pertemuan 1 matakuliah: sosiologi komunikasi massa tahun: 2009/2010
TRANSCRIPT
Sociology• The study of social (groups)
– Interaksi– Aktifitas kelompok masyarakat– Sub-groups– Ethnic groups– Politics (kekuasaan)– Ekonomi (household corporations )– Ideas (come from culture) ie: ideologi, filsafat, moral
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Sociology• A scientific study of human social behavior. As the study of
humans in their collective aspect, sociology is concerned with all group activities—economic, social, political, and religious.
• Sociologists study such areas as bureaucracy, community, deviant behavior, family, public opinion, social change, social mobility, social stratification, and such specific problems as crime, divorce, child abuse, and substance addiction.
• Sociology tries to determine the laws governing human behavior in social contexts; it is sometimes distinguished as a general social science from the special social sciences, such as economics and political science, which confine themselves to a selected group of social facts or relations.
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Unit of Study
• Political Science is the study of government and political processes, institutions, and behavior
• Anthropology is the scientific study of the origin and behavior of man, including the development of societies and cultures
• Sociology the science of society, social institutions, and social relationships ; specifically : the systematic study of the development, structure, interaction, and collective behavior of organized groups of human beings
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Fathers of SociologyKarl Marx (1818-1883) : Society and ConflictEmile Durkheim (1858-1917) : Society and FunctionMax Weber (1864-1920) : The Rationalization of
Society
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Social Organization Social Structure• Refers to the social context
itself, or the set of social relations that link individuals in a society
• Social organizations tend to refer to social actions and define roles individuals play in relation to one another
• The term ‘social organization’ has been used since Comte
• Refers to the sum total of activities performed in a given social context
• Social structure defines the status of actors performing such roles
• The study of social structure descends from classical structural-functionalist and structuralist traditions
Sociological Perspectives of the Media
– The media:
• Socialize us• Enforce social norms• Confer status• Promote consumption• Keep us informed about our environment• May act as a narcotic
• Functionalist View
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Sociological Perspectives of the Media
• Media increases social cohesion by presenting common view of culture
– Provide collective experience for members of a society– Socializing effects can promote religious as well as
patriotic exchanges, uniting believers around the world– Socializing effect of media means programming can easily
become controversial
• Functionalist View– Agent of Socialization
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Sociological Perspectives of the Media
• Media reaffirm proper behavior by showing what happens to people who violate societal expectations
– Conferral of Status• Singles out one from thousands of other
similarly placed issues or people to become significant
• Functionalist View– Enforcer of Social Norms
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Sociological Perspectives of the Media
• Media advertising– Supports economy– Provides information – Underwrites cost of media
• Functionalist View– Promotion of Consumption
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Sociological Perspectives of the Media
Figure 7-1. Number of Hours per Week Spent with Media,1997—2008 (projected)
Source: Veronis Suhler Stevenson LLC 2003:166-167 for 1997; 2004:184-185 for all other data
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Sociological Perspectives of the Media
Table 7-1. Status Conferred by Magazines
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Sociological Perspectives of the Media
•Surveillance Function: collection and distribution of information concerning events in the social environment
– Dysfunction: The Narcotizing Effect
•Narcotizing Dysfunction: phenomenon in which the media provide such massive amounts of information that audience becomes numb and fails to act on the information
• Functionalist View– Surveillance of the Social Environment
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Sociological Perspectives of the Media
– Gatekeeping: how material must travel through a series of checkpoints before reaching the public
• Conflict View
• Ethnicity• Social class
– Conflict theorists emphasize that the media reflect and even exacerbate many of the divisions of our society and world, including:• Gender• Race
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Sociological Perspectives of the Media
• Dominant Ideology: set of cultural beliefs and practices that help to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests
• Mass media serve to maintain the privileges of certain groups
• Stereotypes: unreliable generalization about all members of a group that do not recognize individual differences within the group
• Conflict View– Dominant Ideology: Constructing Reality
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Sociological Perspectives of the Media
• Globalization projects the dominating reach of the U.S. media into the rest of the world
• Media cultural exports undermine the distinctive traditions and art forms of other societies and encourage their cultural and economic dependence on the U.S.
• Conflict View– Dominant Ideology: Whose Culture?
Nations that feel a loss of identity may try to defend against the cultural invasion
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Sociological Perspectives of the Media
– Feminists share conflict theorists’ view that the mass media stereotype and misrepresent social reality
• Women underrepresented• Perpetuate stereotypical views of gender• Emphasize traditional sex roles and
normalize violence against women
• Feminist View
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Sociological Perspectives of the Media
– Interactionists especially interested in shared understandings of everyday behavior
– Examine media on micro level to see how they shape day-to-day social behavior
– Scholars increasingly point to mass media as source of major daily activity
• Interactionist View
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Sociological Perspectives of the Media
Figure 7-2. The Internet Explosion
Source: National Geographic 2005:21
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