Soot-free combustion of diesel, gasoline and other organic liquids

25.11.2015

Ralf Dunsbach

Webinar elementar

Analysensysteme

The elementargroup – About us

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• The technology leader in

• Elemental Analysis (EA)

• Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS)

• Offers an unmatched combination of

• innovative technologies,

• tailor-made solutions and

• comprehensive support.

The elementargroup – Key Markets

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Agriculture Chemicals Environmental Energy Materials Forensics

The elementargroup – Understanding Customers

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• We provide highly competent application support

• This results in innovative, proprietary features

that address the needs of customers

• To deliver results faster, more accurate, more

sensitive, and in reliable high data quality

Determination of sulfur by high temperature combustion

• Sulfur is oxidised to SO2 by high temperature combustion at >1100°C

• Detection of SO2 by UV fluorescence

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Determination of nitrogen by high temperature combustion

• Nitrogen is oxidised to NO at >1000°C

• NO is detected by chemoluminescence detection according to:

NO + O3 → NO2* + O2

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Standard system

UV-F and CLD in-line

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Source: PAC-Antek

trace SN cube

Separate combustion channels for S and N determination

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Combustion tube without catalyst

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Source: ASTM D5453-12

Combustion tube with catalyst

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Soot formation without catalyst

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1 2 3 1: WO3 (S determination) 2: CeO2 (N determination) 3: Quarz (S+N)

Soot formation after 100 injections

Recovery with different tube fillings

WO3 CeO2 Quartz

1 mg/l toluene 0,941 <LOD 0,487

10 mg/l toluene 10,30 2,37 3,608

Diesel standard 93,99 33,34 26,26

Fuel oil 5,96 42,32* 5,19

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*: carryover from diesel standard

Variation of injection rate

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0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

1 ppm

2 ppm

5 ppm

10

ppm

Sample: quinoline in toluene (N measurement)

Injection rate [µl/s]

Are

a c

ounts

[re

l. u

.]

Calibration

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Calibration with different concentrations, IV 40µl

S/N [mg/l] Injection volume [µl]

Calibration with different injection volumes, 50mg/kg standard

Sensitivity

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100µg/kg S (benzothiophene in toluene)

Carryover

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50 mg/kg S, 80µl inj. vol., 640,000 area counts

toluene, 80µl inj. vol., 760 area counts eq. 0.106mg/kg S

Advantages of a catalyst

• Soot-free combustion

• Calibration by different injection volumes possible

• Simple design of the combustion tube

• Recovery independent of injection rate

• Increased sensitivity

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