some historical milestone
TRANSCRIPT
WELCOME
QUESTIONS
: I N C O M P U T E R A N D I N F O R M AT I O N E T H I C S
What is
Compute
r Ethics?
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-computer/#DefComEth
Computer Ethics
: refer to a kind of professional ethics in
which computer professionals apply codes of
ethics and standards of good practice within
their profession.
In most countries of the world, the ―information revolution‖ has altered many aspects of
life significantly:
commerce, employment, medicine, security, transportation, entertainment, and so on.
Consequently, information and communication technology (ICT) has affected —
community life, family life, careers, freedom, and democracy .
1940 1950 21st1960
Norbert Wiener
a professor of
mathematics and
engineering at MIT.
An innovative
developments in science
and philosophy led to the
creation of a new branch
of ethics that would later
be called ―computer
ethics‖ or ―information
ethics‖.
Together with colleagues in
While engaged in
this war effort, Wiener
and colleagues created
a new branch of applied
science that Wiener
named ―cybernetics‖
(from the Greek word
for the pilot of a ship).
Even while the Warwas raging, Wienerforesaw enormoussocial and ethicalimplications ofcybernetics combinedwith electroniccomputers.
The world would undergo
―a second industrial revolution‖
— an ―automatic age‖ with
―enormous potential for good
and for evil‖ that would
generate a staggering number
of new ethical challenges and
opportunities.
Cybernetics (1948)
In which he
described his new branch
of applied science and
identified some social
and ethical implications
of electronic computers.
―It has long been clear to me that the
modern ultra rapid computing machine was
in principle an ideal central nervous system
to an apparatus for automatic control; and
that its input and output need not be in the
form of numbers or diagrams. It might very
well be, respectively, the readings of
artificial‖
Wiener‘s book included, for example:
1. An account of the purpose of a
human life
2. Four principles of justice
3. A powerful method for doing applied
ethics
4. Discussions of the fundamental
questions of computer ethics
5. Examples of key computer ethics
topics
The Human Use of Human Beings (1950)
A book in which he
explored a number of
ethical issues that computer
and information technology
would likely generate.
Donn Parker
- Computer scientist
―It seemed,‖
Parker said, ―that
when people entered
the computer
center, they left their
ethics at the door‖.
Headed the development of
the first Code of Professional
Conduct of the Association
for Computing Machinery
(eventually adopted by the
ACM in 1973).
In 1968 he published
―Rules of Ethics in
Information Processing‖
As anexperiment, Weizenbaum usedELIZA to provide “a crudeimitation of a Rogerianpsychotherapist engaged in aninitial interview with apatient”.
Joseph Weizenbaum
created a computer
program that he called
‗ELIZA‘.
Some practicingpsychiatrists saw ELIZA asevidence that computers soonwould be performingautomated psychotherapy.
Wrote the book ComputerPower and HumanReason, which forcefullyexpressed his ethical concerns.The book, together with hiscourses at MIT and the manyspeeches he gave in the1970s, inspired a number ofthinkers and projects incomputer ethics
Joseph Weizenbaum
created a computer
program that he called
‗ELIZA‘.
Walter Maner
Teacher in a university
course in medical ethics
He began to use the
term ‗computer ethics‘ to
refer to ―ethical problems
aggravated, transformed or
created by computer
technology‖.
These effortsspurred thestudy ofcomputer ethicsat a number ofcolleges anduniversities inthe UnitedStates.
involved
add
He developed a
university computer ethics
course and offered a
variety of workshops and
lectures at conferences
across America.
Parker, Weizenbaum and Maner
had raised the computer ethics
consciousness of a number of American
scholars. In addition, several
computing-related social and ethical
problems had become public issues in
America and Europe: computer-enabled
crime, disasters from computer
failures, invasions of privacy via
computer databases, and major law
suits regarding software ownership. The
time was right for exponential growth
in computer ethics.
Parker, Weizenbaum and Maner
had raised the computer ethics
consciousness of a number of American
scholars. In addition, several
computing-related social and ethical
problems had become public issues in
America and Europe: computer-enabled
crime, disasters from computer
failures, invasions of privacy via
computer databases, and major law
suits regarding software ownership. The
time was right for exponential growth
in computer ethics.
• New University Courses
• Research centers
• Conferences
• Journals
• Articles
• Text BooksDONALD GOTTERBARN
KEITH MILLERSIMON ROGERSONDIANE MARTIN
Have recently argued thatcomputer ethics willdisappear as a branch ofapplied ethics?
Wiener-Maner-Górniak
point of view sees computer
technology as ethically
revolutionary, requiring human
beings to reexamine the
foundations of ethics and the
very definition of a human life.
Deborah Johnson perspective is
that fundamental ethical theories will
remain unaffected – that computer
ethics issues are simply the same old
ethics questions with a new twist – and
consequently computer ethics as a
distinct branch of applied philosophy
will ultimately disappear.
Thank You For
Listening…
By: Romeo T. Navarro Jr. II-BSICTE
Jonnalyn Barrientos
X