SOME COOL NMMI SQL TRIGGERSby Bryan Yates, bryan@nmmi.edu

New Mexico Military Institute in Roswell, NMhttp://WordPress.nmmi.edu/ComputerTraining

My Info

In the beginning• We migrated to ABT PowerCAMPUS in 2002• We realized ABT did a lot of things in triggers and we could

also leverage this for a lot of business processes• We decided that upgrades were too risky to create our own

tables in Campus6, so we created a new Database called Institute.

• We initially didn’t know we could have multiple insert/update/delete triggers per table, so we initially called a stored procedure called from ABT’s trigger and re-inserted it after every upgrade

• We check to ensure we’re in the live database before pushing data to Institute, this could be improved if all tables were in the Campus6 database. Testing with db copies would be better.

Our first audit trigger• -- Use the Specify Values for Template Parameters • -- command (Ctrl-Shift-M) to fill in the parameter • -- values below.

• --<TABLETOALTER,,>• --<UNIQCOL,,id>• --<DATABASE,,institute>

• use <DATABASE,,institute>• ALTER TABLE <TABLETOALTER,,> ADD create_date datetime NULL• , create_time datetime NULL, create_user varchar(12) NULL, revision_date datetime NULL• , revision_time datetime NULL, revision_user varchar(12) NULL

• go• CREATE TRIGGER ti_audit_<TABLETOALTER,,> ON <TABLETOALTER,,> • FOR INSERT• AS• /* Audit Fields */• declare @I_Id varchar(20)• select @I_Id = <UNIQCOL,,id> from Inserted• exec sp_Audit_Create '<TABLETOALTER,,>','<UNIQCOL,,id>',@I_Id

• go• CREATE TRIGGER tu_audit_<TABLETOALTER,,> ON dbo.<TABLETOALTER,,> • FOR UPDATE• AS• /* Audit fields */• declare @I_Id varchar(20)• select @I_Id = <UNIQCOL,,id> from Inserted• exec sp_Audit_Revision '<TABLETOALTER,,>','<UNIQCOL,,id>',@I_Id• go

Lessons learned• Only works on first item if bulk insert done

• Insert into tbl (id,name) values (1,’a’),(2,’b’)• Inset into tbl (id,name) select top 2 id,name from tbl2

• Templates are cool, sometimes• Only usable on tables with a single primary key• Should have used NMMI in the name of the trigger, and a

description, like ti_TBL_NMMI_audit• Eventually learned that you can make triggers for insert

AND update in the same trigger

New database table, who did that?• -- =============================================• -- Author: Gary Hill• -- Create date: 6/6/2013• -- Description: Send an e-mail to programmers when a new database is created.• -- =============================================• CREATE TRIGGER [trg_DDL_CreateDatabase]• ON ALL SERVER• FOR CREATE_DATABASE• AS• declare @results varchar(4000), @subjectText varchar(200)• SET @subjectText = 'DATABASE Created on ' + @@SERVERNAME + ' by ' + SUSER_SNAME()• SET @results =• (SELECT EVENTDATA().value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/TSQLCommand/CommandText)[1]','nvarchar(max)'))• EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail• @profile_name = 'DBmailprofile',• @recipients = 'programmers@nmmi.edu',• @body = @results, • @subject = @subjectText• GO

New database table, the email

Database Mail

View existing Email profiles• exec msdb.dbo.sysmail_help_account_sp

columns rowsaccount_id 2 3name Programmers SQL Server Mailerdescription ISCT Programmersemail_address programmers@nmmi.edu sqlserver@nmmi.edudisplay_name Programmers DBMailAccountreplyto_address programmers@nmmi.edu sqlserver@nmmi.eduservertype SMTP SMTPservername email.nmmi.edu email.nmmi.eduport 25 25username NULL NULLuse_default_credentials 0 0enable_ssl 0 0

tu_residency_nmmi, room changes• Simple enough, let’s track some room changes, but not

just between semesters• Originally used to help keep the phone number with the

student• Extended to keep the switch and port info stored in FAX

field to know if student port was locked (loss of privilege).• Abandoned by IT due to in room phones going away and

edge smart switch management improvements• Housing office still uses to review problem cases

tu_residency_nmmi• if (isnull(@D_DORM_ROOM,'')<>isnull(@I_DORM_ROOM,'')) -- only the guts are shown• AND (@I_ACADEMIC_SESSION='')• AND (DB_NAME() = 'CAMPUS6')

• exec Institute.dbo.sp_room_change• @I_PEOPLE_ID,• @D_DORM_ROOM,• @I_DORM_ROOM,• @I_MAIL_SLOT,• @I_ACADEMIC_YEAR,• @I_ACADEMIC_TERM,• @I_REVISION_DATE,• @I_REVISION_TIME,• @I_REVISION_OPID,• @I_REVISION_TERMINAL

• -- BAY 7/22/09 to allow room/troop/status updates to go straight into Housing• if @I_ACADEMIC_SESSION=''• AND DB_NAME() = 'CAMPUS6'• AND (isnull(@D_DORM_ROOM,'') <> isnull(@I_DORM_ROOM,'')• or isnull(@D_DORM_Plan,'') <> isnull(@I_DORM_Plan,'')• or isnull(@D_Food_Plan,'') <> isnull(@I_Food_Plan,'')• )• AND @I_PEOPLE_CODE_ID IN (select PEOPLE_CODE_ID from institute.dbo.CMDT_Housing_INFO)• update institute.dbo.CMDT_Housing_INFO set • Room_Id = @I_Dorm_Room• ,Troop = @I_Dorm_Plan• ,Status = @I_Food_Plan• where people_code_id = @I_PEOPLE_CODE_ID

sp_room_change• INSERT INTO Institute.dbo.Room_Changes (People_ID, Old_Room_ID, Old_Phone_Number, New_Room_ID,

New_Phone_Number, Academic_Year, Academic_Term, Create_Date, Create_Time, Create_User, Create_Terminal, Revision_Date, Revision_Time, Revision_User, Revision_Terminal)

• VALUES• (@people_id, @old_room_id, 'n/a', -- @old_phone_number• @new_room_id, 'n/a',@academic_year, @academic_term, @create_date, @create_time, @create_opid, @create_terminal,

@create_date, @create_time, @create_opid, @create_terminal)

• -- update campus address with new phone number and mail slot• update CAMPUS6.dbo.AddressSchedule• Set Address_Line_1 = 'NMMI Mail Slot '+@mail_slot• from CAMPUS6.dbo.AddressSchedule• where People_org_code_id='P'+@people_id• and Address_type = 'CAMP'• and Status = 'A'• • update campus6.dbo.RESIDENCY• set DORM_ROOM = @new_room_id• from campus6.dbo.RESIDENCY RES• join semesterinfo SI• on SI.academic_year = res.ACADEMIC_YEAR• and si.academic_term = res.ACADEMIC_TERM• and si.academic_session = res.ACADEMIC_SESSION• and si.offset > 0• where res.PEOPLE_CODE_ID = 'P' + @people_id

StudentFinancial• This Campus6 table gets created on the roll and on

certain events during in-processing• We use the PaymentPlan field to define the “Financial

Advisor” for each student.• This is usually based on the first letter of their last name,

but full or partial AGA scholarship recipients, and some other exceptions exist

• Business Office didn’t have rights to StudentFinancial table because Registrar wanted full control over Tuition_Plan and Tuition_Exemption .

StudentFinancial trigger• CREATE trigger [dbo].[ti_studentfinancialNMMIfinAdv] on [dbo].[STUDENTFINANCIAL]• for INSERT• as• /***********************************************************************• Description:• Update non-AGA Financial Advisors using the PaymentPlan field• Parameters: • History:• 1/30/2012 BAY created to help auto-maintain Financial Advisors• ************************************************************************/• update studentfinancial set • PAYMENT_PLAN = FA.PaymentPlanCode• from studentfinancial SF• join inserted INS• on INS.people_code_id = SF.people_code_id• and INS.academic_year = SF.academic_year• and INS.academic_term = SF.academic_term• and INS.academic_session = SF.academic_session• join PEOPLE PEO• on PEO.PEOPLE_CODE_ID = SF.PEOPLE_CODE_ID• join Institute.dbo.BO_STMT_Financial_Advisor FA• on charindex(LEFT(PEO.LAST_NAME,1),FA.FIRST_LETTER) > 0• where SF.ACADEMIC_SESSION = '01'• and isnull(SF.TUITION_EXEMPTION,'') not in ('aga','aganon')• and isnull(SF.PAYMENT_PLAN,'') = ''• GO

StudentFinancial, Supporting dataselect * from Institute.dbo.BO_STMT_Financial_Advisor -- drives triggers, and pre/billing groupings

select * from campus6.dbo.CODE_PAYMENTPLAN -- shows in PowerCAMPUS

PaymentPlanCode FIRST_LETTER AdvisorName AdvisorPhone username1FA ABC Mrs. Angelia Horton (575) 624-8083 angelia2FA HIJKL Ms. Shelly Wheeler (575) 624-8082 shelly3FA DEFG Ms. Rebecca Quintero (575) 624-8406 quinter4FA MNO Mrs. Sarah Villarreal (575) 624-8084 sarah5FA PQRS Mrs. Linda Stansell (575) 624-8077 stansell6FA TUVWXYZ CPT Ma Eva Heacox (575) 624-8089 ma_evaAGA NULL CPT Amanda Garcia (575) 624-8086 garciaa

CODE_VALUE_KEY CODE_VALUE SHORT_DESC MEDIUM_DESC LONG_DESC STATUS1FA 1FA 1FA Mrs. Angelia Horton Mrs. Angelia Horton at (575) 624-8083 A2FA 2FA 2FA Ms. Shelly Wheeler Ms. Shelly Wheeler at (575) 624-8082 A3FA 3FA 3FA Ms. Rebecca Quintero Ms. Rebecca Quintero at (575) 624-8406 A4FA 4FA 4FA Mrs Sarah Villarreal Mrs. Sarah Villarreal at (575) 624-8084 A5FA 5FA 5FA Mrs. Linda Stansell Mrs. Linda Stansell at (575) 624-8077 A6FA 6FA 6FA CPT Ma Eva Heacox CPT Ma Eva Heacox at (575) 624-8089 AAGA AGA AGA CPT Amanda Garcia CPT Amanda Garcia at (575) 624-8086 A

StudentFinancial summary• I think this trigger is so cool, because of 2 things• The trigger joins directly to the Inserted table, meaning

any bulk imports are handled without “looping” over them• The first initial of the last name join is really slick

Absent 2 or more times in one day?CREATE TRIGGER [dbo].[ti_tranattendance_nmmi] ON [dbo].[TRANATTENDANCE] FOR INSERT

ASDECLARE @I_PEOPLE_CODE nvarchar(1)

DECLARE @I_PEOPLE_ID nvarchar(9)

DECLARE @I_PEOPLE_CODE_ID nvarchar(10)

DECLARE @I_ACADEMIC_YEAR nvarchar(4)

DECLARE @I_ACADEMIC_TERM nvarchar(10)

DECLARE @I_ACADEMIC_SESSION nvarchar(10)

DECLARE @I_EVENT_ID nvarchar(15)

DECLARE @I_EVENT_SUB_TYPE nvarchar(4)

DECLARE @I_SECTION nvarchar(4)

DECLARE @I_ATTENDANCE_DATE datetime

DECLARE @I_ATTENDANCE_STATUS nvarchar(10)

DECLARE @I_CREATE_DATE datetime

DECLARE @I_CREATE_TIME datetime

DECLARE @I_CREATE_OPID nvarchar(8)

DECLARE @I_CREATE_TERMINAL nvarchar(4)

DECLARE @I_REVISION_DATE datetime

DECLARE @I_REVISION_TIME datetime

DECLARE @I_REVISION_OPID nvarchar(8)

DECLARE @I_REVISION_TERMINAL nvarchar(4)

DECLARE @I_ABT_JOIN nvarchar(1)

DECLARE @I_COMMENTS nvarchar(max)

DECLARE @ROWS INT

DECLARE @TranAttendanceId int

SELECT @ROWS = @@ROWCOUNT -- this will loop over multiple line inserts correctly

If @Rows <= 0 Return

Set @TranAttendanceId = 0

Select @TranAttendanceId = (Select Min([TranAttendanceId]) From inserted Where [TranAttendanceId] > @TranAttendanceId)

While @TranAttendanceId Is Not Null

BEGIN

Select @I_PEOPLE_CODE= PEOPLE_CODE, @I_PEOPLE_ID= PEOPLE_ID, @I_PEOPLE_CODE_ID= PEOPLE_CODE_ID, @I_ACADEMIC_YEAR= ACADEMIC_YEAR, @I_ACADEMIC_TERM= ACADEMIC_TERM, @I_ACADEMIC_SESSION= ACADEMIC_SESSION, @I_EVENT_ID= EVENT_ID, @I_EVENT_SUB_TYPE=

EVENT_SUB_TYPE, @I_SECTION= SECTION, @I_ATTENDANCE_DATE= ATTENDANCE_DATE, @I_ATTENDANCE_STATUS= ATTENDANCE_STATUS, @I_CREATE_DATE= CREATE_DATE, @I_CREATE_TIME= CREATE_TIME, @I_CREATE_OPID= CREATE_OPID, @I_CREATE_TERMINAL= CREATE_TERMINAL, @I_REVISION_DATE= REVISION_DATE, @I_REVISION_TIME= REVISION_TIME, @I_REVISION_OPID= REVISION_OPID, @I_REVISION_TERMINAL= REVISION_TERMINAL, @I_ABT_JOIN= ABT_JOIN, @I_COMMENTS= COMMENTS

FROM inserted WHERE TranAttendanceId = @TranAttendanceId

If (DB_NAME() = 'CAMPUS6' and (@I_ATTENDANCE_STATUS in ('ABSENT','TARDY'))) -- move into Select @TranAttendanceId lines someday?

Begin

EXEC institute.dbo.sp_absence @I_PEOPLE_CODE_ID,@I_ACADEMIC_YEAR,@I_ACADEMIC_TERM, @I_ACADEMIC_SESSION,@I_EVENT_ID,@I_EVENT_SUB_TYPE,@I_SECTION, @I_ATTENDANCE_DATE, @I_ATTENDANCE_STATUS, @TranAttendanceId ,@I_COMMENTS

-- Ok, what real people would more likely do goes here from next slide

End

Select @TranAttendanceId = (Select Min( [TranAttendanceId] ) From inserted Where [TranAttendanceId] > @TranAttendanceId) --Get Next Id

END

institute.dbo.sp_absence• Our sp_absence stored procedure actually checks

multiple data sources (two off campus reports, and infirmary reports) to see if it can excuse the user, defer the decision (can’t make a decision before the end of class, if in the infirmary), or enter a “Stick” (our homegrown violation system).

• Deferred decisions are checked again hourly• If not excused, they receive a Stick• Then an insert trigger on our Stick table checks for the

same student 2 and more times today, and sends email• Depends a lot on Faculty prompt Attendance reporting

Absent trigger, generalized for non-NMMI• -- replace the “EXEC institute.dbo.sp_absence …” line in ti_tranattendance_nmmi with something like below, I did test this code

• -- email variables• declare @esubject varchar(255), @emailto varchar(255), @ebody varchar(4000)

• select -- define email variables only if sum for the day >1• @esubject = PEO.LAST_NAME + ', ' + PEO.first_name + ' ' + right(PEO.people_code_id,9) + ' ABSENT '+ cast(COUNT(*) as varchar) + ' times today'• , @ebody = '<a href="https://www.nmmi.edu/.../crr.asp?id=' + PEO.People_Code_ID + '#absent">CRR Link</a>'• , @emailto = 'hsprincipal@nmmi.edu;foo@nmmi.edu;bar@nmmi.edu;bryan@nmmi.edu;' + case when EMPA.Email_Address IS not null then replace(empA.Email_Address +

'@nmmi.edu',' ','') + ';' else '' end

• from TRANATTENDANCE TA

• join TRANATTENDANCE TA2 on TA.TranAttendanceId = @TranAttendanceId and TA2.People_Code_ID = TA.People_Code_ID • and TA2.ATTENDANCE_DATE = TA.ATTENDANCE_DATE -- = limits per date report, not limited in WHERE to allow testing with any date• • join people PEO on PEO.PEOPLE_CODE_ID = TA.People_Code_ID

• JOIN Academic ACA• on ACA.PEOPLE_CODE_ID = TA.PEOPLE_CODE_ID and ACA.ACADEMIC_YEAR = TA.ACADEMIC_YEAR and ACA.ACADEMIC_TERM = TA.ACADEMIC_TERM and

ACA.ACADEMIC_SESSION = TA.ACADEMIC_SESSION

• left join institute.dbo.Employees EMPA -- view of active employees• on EMPA.PEOPLE_ID = RIGHT(ACA.ADVISOR,9) -- or on 'P'+EMPA.PEOPLE_ID = ACA.ADVISOR -- which is better?• • where TA2.ATTENDANCE_STATUS in ('ABSENT') and TA.ATTENDANCE_STATUS in ('ABSENT') -- add Tardy if you want• and CONVERT (date, GETDATE())= TA.ATTENDANCE_DATE -- limit to today, comment out for testing

• group by PEO.People_Code_ID,PEO.LAST_NAME,PEO.first_name,EMPA.Email_Address having COUNT(*) > 1

• if (@esubject is not null) -- if email variables are not null, then send something off• begin• EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail @profile_name = 'DBmailprofile',@body_format = 'HTML‘, @from_address = 'bryan@nmmi.edu'• ,@subject = @esubject, @body = @ebody, @importance = 'High',@recipients = @emailto -- 'bryan@nmmi.edu' – switch around for testing• end

Email result

Summary, Questions• Please nit-pick my code, bryan@nmmi.edu

• Should ANSI_NULLS ON and QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON ?• Ok, Better, Best practices• Dependencies across databases• “Base View” starting points for departments

• Download http://wordpress.nmmi.edu/computertraining• I’m staying on campus & love to talk geek

• Other valid geek topics include Raspberry Pi, and• C#• I am also finishing a campus migration from Exchange 2007 to

Office 365, if you want to talk about that

My Info