some aspects of soil infromation and policy in poland
TRANSCRIPT
Some aspects of soil infromation and policy in Poland Tomasz Stuczynski
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute ,Pulawy, Poland
Legal regulations
• – Environment protection law (Dz.U. Nr 62, poz.627 z późn. zm. 2001)
- contaminated land invertory to be established andupgraded at a county level
- Requirement to make information publiclyavailable and posted on Internet
• Environment Minister’s regulation September 9 2002 soil quality standards (Dz.U. Nr 165, poz. 1359) – threshold for 40 substances
PhaseIII
Indetification of potential soil contamination sources
Potential contamination should be considered based on technical and
other records
Preliminary testing
No environmental risk
No further testingneeded
Detailed testing for spatial delineation
Contamination ofunknown extent
Exceeding threshold Below threshold
Lack of relevantinformation
Contamination ofknown extent
No furthertesting needed
Delineation of contaminated area requiring reclamation
PhaseI
PhaseII
Soil is not contaminated
No further testingneeded
Collection of available relevant infromation concering soilcontamination
Contaminated sites assessment guidelines
Wektorowa mapa glebowo-rolnicza w skali 1:25000
Relationship between land quality indexand yield – soil derived information
y = 33,796x - 27,324R2 = 0,5771
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4
yield predicted
WPR
PP
LQIYield (NUTS-5)
Soil profile surveycomparision 1960-2007
weight%: 60 25 15
Soil profilesPolygons
mezoregiony land use profile characteristics
0
25
75
125
gl
pgl
gs
[cm]
Extrapolation of soil profile information into a spatial context –geocoding
Carbon mineralization and sequestration – prediction for 2007-2020
bOMatOMOM
iif +⋅=
Δ
−
3019721982
1982;1;05,0525 ⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛⎟⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛
−−
⋅⋅⋅+⋅=
rokMinMaxOMOMOM
mi
mi
i
400 profiles analyzed in1968-1970 i 2003
Loses of soil organic carbon – regional inventories by 2020
WojewództwoStraty[t/ha]
Akumulacja[t/ha]
Bilans[t/ha]
Straty[1000 t]
Akumulacja[1000 t]
Bilans[1000 t]
dolnośląskie 24,69 9,75 -16,30 19700 2505 -17195
kujawsko - pomorskie 39,16 10,44 -7,61 15631 7286 -8344
lubelskie 35,07 8,21 -11,74 25557 6993 -18564
Lubuskie 38,75 8,76 -19,07 11323 1810 -9514
Łódzkie 26,89 7,69 -8,10 14091 4797 -9293
małopolskie 17,67 10,45 -3,23 6740 4208 -2533
mazowieckie 32,92 10,73 -7,46 29624 13511 -16114
Opolskie 18,35 6,05 -10,26 6868 1123 -5745
podkarpackie 18,48 10,38 -8,27 9769 3004 -6765
podlaskie 18,66 8,48 -4,52 10334 5110 -5225
pomorskie 37,31 9,40 -23,58 22739 2385 -20354
Śląskie 21,18 8,90 -12,18 7750 1391 -6359
świętokrzyskie 20,22 12,45 -2,19 5774 4380 -1393
warmińsko - mazurskie 33,20 7,42 -14,28 20922 4078 -16844
wielkopolskie 22,37 11,54 -1,28 15240 12935 -2304
zachodnio - pomorskie 33,74 9,17 -15,43 20079 4062 -16017
Soil compaction risk according to Horn moel – precompresion stress (2001)
Variables in the model: bulk denisty, plant available water, wilting point, hydraulicconductivity, OM content, cohesion.
Soil erosion risk in Poland Polski (Wawer, Nowocień, 2006)
Monitoring programmesfor agricultural soils in Poland
Programme IMonitoring of heavy metals in agricultural soils and plants
(soil n = 48 600, plants n = 35 000)
Period:successively in the years 1992-1997
Coordinator: Polish Ministry of Agriculture and Food Economy
Contractor: Regional Agro-Chemical Laboratories and the IUNG
Parameters:10 parameters Heavy metals [5] : Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn
Factors- region , - land use, - soil properties
Premises:Unjustified opinion about the pollution of soils in Poland -UNEP/ISRIC map (1990)
Programme IIMonitoring of arable soils
(n = 216)
The aim:To control the changes of arable soils properties with particular reference to contaminated areas.
Period:1995 (I series) , 2000 (II series) ; 2005 (III series)
Coordinator: Polish Inspectorate of Environment
Contractor: Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG)
Parameters:51 parameters Heavy metals [15] : Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, La, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, ZnOrganic pollutants [13] : PAHs
Data related to:- region , - land use, - soil properties, - soil depth, - time
Applied systemsof data evaluations
Systems of data evaluations:
• IUNG recommendations on evaluation of the content of heavy metals in agricultural soils
• Polish regulations on soil and ground quality(Ministry of the Environment Decree on Soil and Ground Quality Standards, 2002)
• Dutch regulations(VROM, 1995)
IUNG system of evaluation of agricultural soils(surface layer)
related to soil properties (texture, acidity, OM content)
Maximum allowable metal content [mg/kg]
Soil contamination class
0 I II III IV V
ag 0,3 1,0 2,0 3,0 5 >5
bg 0,5 1,5 3,0 5,0 10 >10
cg 1,0 3,0 5,0 10,0 20 >20Cd
Metal Soil group
0 – non-contaminated soils; I – increased metal content; II – weakly contaminated; III –medium heavily contaminated; IV – heavily contaminated; V – very heavily contaminated
ag - very light soils and light acidic soils
bg – light soils and medium light acidic soils
cg – medium heavy and heavy soils and mineral-organic and organic soils
*) land use
Pollutant Group A* Group B* Group C* Soil depth [m ] 0 - 0.3 0.3 - 15.0 > 15 0 - 2 2 - 15 Hydraulic conductivity [ m s-1] > 1⋅10-7 < 1⋅10-7 > 1⋅10-7 < 1⋅10-7 > 1⋅10-7 < 1⋅10-7
(mg kg –1) Cd 0.75 1 3 6 3 10 15 6 20
∑ 9PAH 1 1 20 40 20 200 250 20 200
Polish regulations on soil and ground quality (2002)
related to: - land use, - soil parameters (depth and hydraulic conductivity)
Limit values for contaminants in soil and ground
A - protected areasB - agriculture and urban areas, forests C - industrial areas
Dutch regulations and proposition on SQCrelated to: - soil properties (OM and clay) - land use,
Pollutant Limit value Land use
Gardens and
allotments
Public parks , gardens and
recreational amenities
Verges and waste
ground Cd Optimum value* 0.8 (mg/kg) Intervention value* 12 Minimum soil quality** 3 10 50
∑10PAH Optimum value* 1 (mg/kg) Intervention value* 40 Minimum soil quality** 40 100 – 500 200 - 500
*) VROM, 1995 – multifunctional approach **) TCB R09 (1998) – functional approach
All values are for model soil (10 % OM and 25 % of clay)
Programme I
Programme I
Metal Geom. 95 percentilemean classes 0 - I classes II - V
Cd 0,21 0,46 98,4 1,6
Pb 13,6 25,0 99,3 0,7
Zn 32,4 65,2 98,5 1,5
(mg/kg) ( percentage)
IUNG recommendation
Statistical evaluation of the content of selected heavy metals in agricultural soils (n = 48 590):
IUNG system of data evaluation
STATE OF SOIL POLLUTION WITH Cd
Spatial distribution of the classes of soil contamination with Cdaccording to the IUNG recommendations (n = 48 590):
Programme I
Spatial distribution of the classes of soil contamination with Znaccording to the IUNG recommendations (n = 48 590):
Programme I
Spatial distribution of the classes of soil contamination with Cd+Pb+Zn according to the IUNG recommendations (n = 48 590):
Programme I
Programme I
Soil pollution class Soil
(IUNG system) Human ti
Feed Industrial 0 89,71 75,6 21,3 3,1I 8,7 47,1 39,7 13,2II 1 21,8 50,1 28,1III 0,35 11,2 43,9 44,9IV 0,18 8 47,6 44,4V 0,07 0 44 56
Total 100 72,2 23,4 4,4
* ) meeting Polish quality criteria for the selected group
Plants *Percentage of total
Heavy metals content in agricultural soils and plants
Distribution of crop quality within different classes of agricultural soil contamination with Cd (n=35 000)
Programme II
Monitoring of arable soils – sampling points distribution (n=216)
Different system of data evaluation
Programme II
Conta- Range Average Geom. Lower quartile Upper quartile
minant mean [ 25 % ] [ 75 % ]
Cd 0,07 - 80,91 0,73 0,26 0,17 0,37
Pb 3,9 - 1 050,0 23,3 14,5 9,6 19,1
Zn 7,8 - 4 916,7 65,8 36,0 23,1 50,0
PAH 0,08 - 11,39 0,52 0,33 0,19 0,59
(mg/kg)
Content of heavy metals and PAHs in arable soils in Poland
Cd
92,1
(< Opt.V.)
99,1
( < L.V. )
98,6
(0 - I class)
0
25
50
75
100
Polishrecommendation
Polish regulation Dutch regulation
% o
f tot
al
< Limit values (unpolluted) > Limit value
Programme II
Application of different regulations systemsfor evaluation of the level of contamination of arable soils in Poland
(n = 216)
Zn
98,6
(0 - I class)
98,6
( < L.V. )
95,8
(<Opt.V.)
020
4060
80100
Polishrecommendation
Polish regulation Dutch regulation
% o
f tot
al
< Limit values (unpolluted) > Limit value
Programme II
Application of different regulations systemsfor evaluation of the level of contamination of arable soils in Poland
(n = 216)
Programme IIApplication of different regulations systems
for evaluation of the level of pollution of arable soils in Poland(n = 216)
PAH
95,4
(< Opt.V.)
95,8
(< L.V.)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Polish regulation Dutch regulation
% o
f tot
al
< Limit values (unpolluted) > Limit value
Heavy metals content:comparison of the I (1995) and II (2000) series
Averages and the ranges (mg kg-1)
Year Cd Cu Ni Pb Zn0.73 9.9 9.4 23.3 65.8
0.07 - 80.9 1.0 - 215.0 1.2 - 71.0 3.9 - 1050 7.8 - 4917
0,78 10.0 9.3 23.5 67.90.07 - 90.8 1.3 - 208.3 1.0 - 82.3 4.3 - 1073 7.7 - 5012
1995
2000
Programme II
New technologies
The use of satellite images for prediction of metals content(example : agricultural soils in Silesia region in Poland)
NDVI > 0
1.Spectral dataASTER (02.10.2003)(Exclusion of areas with vegetationcover as having different spectralcharacteristics)
2. Sample collection/chemicalanalysis35 geo-referenced soil samples were collected and analysed for Pb content
R2 = 0,83
y = 158,8x - 1767,7
-1700
-1600
-1500
-1400
-1300
-1200
0 1 2 3 4
Total ln Pb concentration (mg/kg)
Wei
ghte
d su
m fo
r ref
lect
ance
in
ther
mal
ban
ds
3. Canonical correlation analysisRelationship between measured total Pbcontent and reflectance at thermal spectralbands
0 -3030 -7070 -100100 - 500
Total lead content (mg/kg)
4. Generation of map of total Pb spatial variability
4b. Estimation of Pb content inagriculture soil with vegetation coverthrough implementation of kriginginterpolation.
4a. Calculation of Pb contentfor each pixel (15x15 m) for barrenagriculture soil - on the basis of thereceived linear relationship
0 -3030 -7070 -100100 - 500
Total lead content (mg/kg)
Summary
Poland posses a very comprehensive agricultural soil and plant data basis.
Over 95 % of agricultural soils in Poland are clean according to national and international standards.
Over 92 % of arable lands in Poland are clean according to national and international standards.
Polluted agricultural soils concentrate in highly industrialisedregions of the country (hot spots contamination).
New methods of evaluation of the status of soil pollution can beapplied in the near future.
Welcome to Poland !