som basic definitions

8/12/2019 Som Basic Definitions

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toughnessis the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing

Ultimate tensile strength(UTS), often shortened to tensile strength(TS) or ultimate strength,[1][2]

is the

maximumstressthat a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing or breaking. Tensile

strength is not the same ascompressive strengthand the values can be quite different.

Some materials will break sharply, withoutplastic deformation,in what is called abrittle failure.Others, which are

moreductile,including most metals, will experience some plastic deformation and possiblyneckingbefore

fracture.

The Charpy impact test, also known as the Charpy V-notch test, is astandardizedhighstrain-

rate test which determines the amount ofenergyabsorbed by a material duringfracture.This

absorbed energy is a measure of a given material's notchtoughnessand acts as a tool to studytemperature-dependent ductile-brittle transition. It is widely applied in industry, since it is easy to

prepare and conduct and results can be obtained quickly and cheaply. A disadvantage is that

some results are only comparative.[1]

notch=45(charpy)]

Stiffnessis the rigidity of an object the extent to which it resistsdeformationin response to an

appliedforce.[1]The complementary concept is flexibilityor pliability: the more flexible an object is, the less stiff

it is.[2]

Yield Strength is the stress level at which plastic deformation starts. The

beginning of first plastic deformation is called yielding.

Ductility is the degree of plastic deformation that a material can withstand

before fracture. A material that experiences very little or no plastic deformation

upon fracture is termed brittle.

Hardness is resistance to penetrationunder specified conditions of load and indenter.
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Resilience is the capacity of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed

elastically.

Toughness is a measure of energy required to cause fracture.

Poissons Ratio is the lateral contraction per unit breadth divided by the

longitudinal extension per unit length.

=-( d/do)/(l/lo)

Shear modulusFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected fromModulus of rigidity)

Inmaterials science,shear modulusor modulus of rigidity, denoted by G, orsometimes Sor , is defined as the ratio ofshear stressto theshear strain:

[1]

TheSI unitfor torque is thenewton metre(Nm)

Shear modulus' derivedSIunit is thepascal(Pa)
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Bending momentA bending momentis a measure of the average internalstressinduced in astructural elementwhen an

externalforceormomentis applied to the element causing the element tobend.[1][2]

Polar moment of inertiaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A schematic showing how the polar moment of inertiais calculated for an arbitrary shape about an axis o. is the radial distance to

the element dA.

Polar moment of inertiais a measure of a circular beam's ability to resisttorsion.It is requiredto calculate the twist of an beam subjected to atorque.It is analogous to thearea moment ofinertia,which characterizes a beam's ability to resistbendingand is required to calculatedisplacement.

The larger the polar moment of inertia, the less the beam will twist, when subjected to a given

torque.Thepolar moment of inertiamust not be confused with themoment of inertia,whichcharacterizes an object'sangular accelerationdue to atorque.

Unlike other forms of inertia, polar moment of inertia has units of length4(SIm

4)
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