solutions to odd -numbered problems · atkins & de paula: atkins’ physical chemistry 10e ....

Atkins & de Paula: Atkins’ Physical Chemistry 10e

Solutions to odd-numbered problems

Chapter 1

Topic 1A

P1A.1 –233°N

P1A.3 -272.95oC

P1A.5 (a) 0.0245 kPa (b) 9.14 kPa (c) 0.0245 kPa

P1A.7 2.8 x 108 dm3 = 2.8 x 105 m3, 4.1 x 108 dm3 = 4.1 x 105 m3

P1A.9 (a) 1.7 x 10-5 (b) 0.72

P1A.13 51 km, 0.0029 atm

Topic 1B

P1B.3 1 22RT

M

P1B.5 x initial0.47 v

P1B.7 22 3(1 )/2e nn − , 5.53 x 10-5, 2.71 x 10-9

P1B.9 (a) 11.2 km s-1 (b) 5.04 km s-1

Topic 1C

P1C.1 (a) 3 112.5 dm mol− (b) 3 112.3 dm mol−

P1C.3 (a) 3 10.941dm mol− (b) 3 -12.69 dm mol , 3 12.67 dm mol− (c) 3 15 11dm mol−. , inversion temperature

P1C.5 (a) 3 10.1353dm mol− (b) 0.6957 (c) 0.7158

P1C.7 3 159 4cm mol−. , 6 25 649dm atm mol−. , 21 atm

P1C.9 aB bRT

= − , 2C b= , 34.6 cm3 mol–1, 6 21 26dm atm mol−.

P1C.11 3CB

, 2

3BRC ,

3

227BC

, 13

© Oxford University Press, 2014.


P1C.13 10 0866atm−. , 3 12 12dm mol−.

P1C.17 0.011

P1C.21 1/21 ( / )

1 /

b bRT a

bRT a

±

−

Chapter 2

Topic 2A

P2A.1 22

1 2 1

1 1 lnV nbnRT n aV nb V V

−− − − −

(a) 1 7 kJ− . (b) 1 8kJ− . (c) 1.5 kJ−

P2A.3 (a) 1.5kJ− (b) 1.6kJ−

P2A.5 21F f2 k x

Topic 2B

P2B.1 162.2 kJ mol−

P2B.3 w = 0, 2.35 kJU∆ = + , 3.03 kJ+

Topic 2C

P2C.1 11270 kJ mol−−

P2C.3 67.44− , 0.9253n = , -16625.5 kJ mol− , 2.17 per cent

P2C.5 1994.30 kJ mol−−

P2C.7 1802.31 kJ mol−−

P2C.9 37 K+ , 4.09 kg

Topic 2D

P2D.1 1 6m. , 0 80m. , 2 8m.

P2D.3 nR



P2D.5 2= ( ) ( )p naT V nb V nbnR RV

× − + × −

, V

T V nbp nR

∂ −= ∂

P2D.7 ( )1 2

spc γ

ρ/

= , -1322 m s

P2D.11 (a) 123.5 K MPa− (b) -114.0 K MPa

Topic 2E

P2E.1 1 141 40J K mol− −.

Chapter 3

Topic 3A

P3A.5 1.00 kJ, 8.4 kJ

P3A.7 1 110 7 J K mol− −.

P3A.9 Path (a) 2.74kJ− , 0 , 2.74kJ+ , 1+9.13 J K− , 0 , 19.13 J K−−

Path (b) 1.66 kJ− , 0 , +1.66kJ , 1+9.13 J K− , 15.53 J K −− , 1+3.60J K−

P3A.11 f fm ,m

h cln lnp p

T TnC nCT T, + , 122.6 J K−+

P3A.13 1 1477 J K mol− −

Topic 3B

P3B.1 (a) 1 1200.7 J K mol− − (b) 1 1232.0 J K mol− −

P3B.3 141.16 kJ mol−+ , 1 142.08 J K mol− −+ , 140.84 kJ mol−+ , -1 -141.08 J K mol+

P3B.5 -134.4 kJ mol , 1 1243 J K mol− −

Topic 3C

P3C.1 (a) 150.7 J K− , 111.5J K−− (b) +3.46 kJ , indeterminate (c) 33.46 10 J× ,

indeterminate (d) 139.2 J K−+ , 139.2 J K−−



P3C.3 (a) 1 135 J K mol− −+ (b) 312 W m− , 4 31.5 10 W m−× (c) mol ATP0.46mol glutamine

Topic 3D

P3D.1 1501 kJ mol−−

P3D.3 121kJ mol−−

P3D.5 ( )p S

V TS p

∂ ∂= ∂ ∂ , ( )

T V

pSV T

∂ ∂ = ∂ ∂

P3D.7 d dpC T TV pα− , TV pα− ∆ , 0.50kJ−

Chapter 4

Topic 4B

P4B.1 196 0K. , 11 1Torr.

P4B.3 (a) 3 15 56 10 Pa K−+ . × (b) 2.6 per cent

P4B.5 (a) 3 11.63 cm mol−− (b) 3 130.1 dm mol−+ (c) 2 16 10 J mol−+ ×

P4B.7 22°C

P4B.9 (a) 227.5°C (b) +53 kJ mol–1

P4B.13 9 8Torr.

P4B.15 363 K

P4B.17 2 1

2 1

dd T T

pT

α ακ κ, ,

−=

−, m2 m1

m 2 1

dd ( )

p pC CpT TV α α

, ,−=

−

Chapter 5

Topic 5A

P5A.1 3/218.079 0.11482x−

P5A.3 15 58kPa. , 47 03kPa.

P5A.5 4.6 cm3



Topic 5B

P5B.3 109.0 cm3 mol–1, 279.3 cm3 mol–1

P5B.5 165 K, 0.99978, 19.89 g solute (100 g solvent)–1, –∆fusH/R

P5B.7 (a) (i) 2 (ii) 3 (b) (ii) 0.19, 0.82, 0.24 (c) xPb = 0.19, xCu = 0.18

P5B.9 fus2

HRT

∆ , fusA

1 1lnH

xR T T ∗

−∆ = × −

P5B.11 151.26 10 g mol−× , 4 3 1 1.23 10 dm mol−×

P5B.13 xA = xB = 0.5

P5B.15 4 3 14.78 10 dm mol−×

Topic 5C

P5C.1 (b) 391.0 K (c) 0 532.

P5C.7 (b) Ca2Si and a Ca-rich liquid (xSi = 0.13), 0.5 (c) 0.53 , 0.67

P5C.9 * *

A A B* *A B A

/1 ( / 1)

x p pp p x+ −

Topic 5E

P5E.3 [B]RTΠ φ=

Chapter 6

Topic 6A

P6A.1 (a) 1+4.48 kJ mol− (b) 0 101 atm.

P6A.3 20 007 mol H. , 20.107 mol I , 0 786 mol HI.

P6A.5 1 2

O11

1 ap pξ

/

= − + /

Topic 6B



P6B.1 (a) 91.24 × 10− (b) 81.29 10−× (c) 41.8 10−×

P6B.3 1300. kJ mol−

P6B.5 0.740 , 5.71, 1103 kJ mol−−

P6B.7 (a) 81.2 × 10 (b) 32.7 × 10

P6B.9 ( ) ( )O

r

ref

1 1ref

ref eHvR T T

c cT

K T K TT

∆∆ × − = ×

Topic 6C

P6C.1 (a) 1.23V+ (b) 1.09 V+

P6C.3 1+14.7 kJ mol− , 1+18.8 kJ mol−

Topic 6D

P6D.1 0.26843 V+

Chapter 7

Topic 7A

P7A.1 (a) 33 3 1.6 10 J m− −× (b) 4 3 2.5 10 J m− −×

P7A.3 15max /T hc kλ ≅

P7A.5 255 K or 18 C° , 11 μm , 4

c E

P7A.7 (a) 8πhc , hc (b) 4Wien

4 Tc

σ

P7A.9 (a) 2231 K , θE = 0 0315. (b) 343 K , θE = 0 897.

Topic 7B

P7B.1 (a) 1/22 = N

L

(b) 1/2

1(2L)

Nc

= (c) 3 1 2

1(π )

Na /= (d) 5 1 2

1(32π )

Na /=

P7B.3 0.0183



P7B.5 (a) 69.0 10−× (b) 61.2 10−×

P7B.7 xmax = a

Topic 7C

P7C.1 (a) 2 2 2

2e 0

d 2 4πd

e Em xx

ψ ψε

− − =

(b) 2 2

2

d 2 d

Em x

ψ ψ

− =

(c) 2 2

2

d 2 d

cx Em x

ψ ψ

− − =

P7C.3 (a) Yes (b) Yes (c) No (d) No

P7C.5 (a) Yes, 2k− (b) Yes (c) Yes (d) No

(i) (a) and (b) (ii) (c)

P7C.7 (a) k+ (b) 0 (c) 0

P7C.9 1a

P7C.11 (a) (i) ( )1

230πN a

−= (ii) ( )

125

032πN a−

= (c) (i) 01.5a , 204.5a (ii) 05a ,

2030a

P7C.15 [ ]ˆ ˆ, ixx p =

Chapter 8

Topic 8A

P8A.1 391.24 10 J−× , 92.2 10× , 301.8 10 J−×

P8A.3 (a) 2L , 1 23

L/

(b) 2L ,

1 22

21

3 4( )L

n Lπ

/

− /

P8A.5 61.2 10×

P8A.7 (a)

2 22 * 1 2

3 3 3 2 2 2 22

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 21 2 2 3 2 1 3

4( )sinh ( )

where ( )( ) and ( )

k kT A A Aa b k L b

a b k k k k b k k k

=| | = × =+ +

+ = + + = +

Topic 8B



P8B.1 HI < HBr < HCl < NO < CO

P8B.5 1 12 2

v ω +

Topic 8C

P8C.1 (a) ±5.275×10–34 J s, 197.89 10 J−× (b) 145.2 10 Hz×

P8C.3 (a) + (b) 2− (c) 0 (d) cos 2χ

(a) 2

2I (b)

22I (c)

2

2I (d)

2

2I

P8C.5 0, 2.62, 7.86, 15.72

P8C.7 1

P8C.9 i

y zz y

∂ ∂− ∂ ∂

, i

z xx z

∂ ∂ − ∂ ∂

, i

x yy x

∂ ∂− ∂ ∂

, .i

zl−

Chapter 9

Topic 9A

P9A.1 106pm±

P9A.3 (b) node node3 3 and 3 3ρ ρ= + = − , node node0 and 4ρ ρ= = , node 0ρ = (c)

03s

272a

r⟨ ⟩ =

P9A.7 (a) 0

Za

(b) 04

Za

(c) 04

Za

(d) 0

Za

P9A.11 cm−160957.4 , cm−160954.7 , cm−1329170 , cm−1329155

Topic 9B

P9B.1 0 420pm.

Topic 9C

P9C.1 2 6n →



P9C.3

12Li

987663cmR −+ = , 1137175cm− , 1185187cm− , 122.5 eV

P9C.5 2 21 2 3 2P and P/ / , 2 2

3 2 5 2D and D/ / , 23 2D /

P9C.7 273.3429 10 kg−× , 1.000272

P9C.9 (a) 10.9 cm− (b) small

P9C.11 (a) 2kT (b) 123.8 T m−

Chapter 10

Topic 10A

P10A.1 3/2 /2

1/21/2 3/2 1/2

e 2 sin ( cos 3 sin )2(24 ) 8

Za

ρ ρ ρ θ φ φπ

− − + × − +

, 120°

Topic 10B

P10B.1 1.87×106 J mol–1 = 1.87 MJ mol–1

P10B.3 0H1s 1

jj kES R

+− +

+, 0

H1s 1jj kE

S R−

− +−

P10B.5 (b) 2.5a0 = 1.3×10–10 m, –0.555j0/a0 = –15.1 eV, –0.565j0/a0 = –15.4 eV, 0.055j0/a0 = 1.5 eV, 0.065j0/a0 = 1.8 eV

Topic 10C

P10C.1 2.1a0

P10C.3 (c) π/4 or 3π/4

Topic 10D

P10D.1 1/2

A B A B A B2 2 2

A B

2 4( )( )1

2(1 ) 2(1 ) ( )S S S

S Sα α β α α β α β α

α α + − − + +

± + − − − , A A B

2 2A B

( )( )1 ( )(1 )

S S SS S

α β β α β αα α

− + ++

− − −,

B A B2 2

A B

( )( )1 ( )(1 )

S S SS S

α β β α β αα α

− + +−

− − −

P10D.3 (i) E/eV = –10.7, –8.7, and –6.6 (ii) E/eV = –10.8, –8.9, and –6.9



Topic 10E

P10E.1 E = αO, 2

O C O C 2O C

1 12( ) 12 ( )

βα α α αα α

+ ± − + −

,

2 2

O C 2 2O C O C

12 4( ) 1 1( ) ( )

β βα αα α α α

− + − + − −

, 2

O C

4βα α−

P10E.7 Standard potential increases as the LUMO decreases

P10E.13 (b) 26780 cm-1

Chapter 11

Topic 11A

P11A.1 (a) 3dD (b) 3dD , 2vC (c) 2hD (d) 3D (e) 4dD

P11A.3 S4 , C2 , S4

Topic 11B

P11B.1 -CHCl=CHCltrans

P11B.3 Γ = 3A1 + B1 + 2B2

P11B.7 +1 or 1− , 1+ , 1−

P11B.9 (a) 1 2 1 22A A 2B 2B+ + + (b) A1 + 3E (c) 1 1 2A T T+ + (d)

2u 1u 2uA T T+ +

Topic 11C

P11C.1 1 2A T+ , s and p, (d ,d ,d )xy yz zx

Chapter 12

Topic 12A

P12A.1 34.4 10×



P12A.3 [ ] ( )/0

J 1 e LA λε −′= − , A = ε'[J]0

P12A.7 1/2

max 1/21 π2 ln 2

vε ∆

, 4 3 1 25.7 10 dm mol cm− −×

P12A.9 (a) receding , 31.128 10 c−× = 5 13.381 10 m s−×

P12A.11 ( )1/222 /kT mc

Topic 12B

P12B.1 2effm R

Topic 12C

P12C.1 596 GHz, 19.9 cm–1, 0.503 mm, 19.941 cm−

P12C.3 128 393pm. , 128 13pm. , slightly different

P12C.5 116.28 pm , 155.97 pm

P12C.7 114.35 m− , 26 , 15

P12C.9

1 2 122

kThcB

−

, 30 ,

1 2 12

kThcB

−

, 6

Topic 12D

P12D.1 2f 2 .k Da=

P12D.3 1142 81cm−. , 3.36 eV , 193 8 N m−.

P12D.7 1

e 22D ν/ −

P12D.9 112.83 pm , 123.52 pm

P12D.11 0B = 10.433 cm-1 , 1B = 10.126 cm-1

P12D.13 2

f

1 ( ½) .x vk

ω= + , rotational constant B decreases, B decreases with increased

anharmonicity



P12D.15 (a) 2143.26 cm–1 (b) 112.8195kJ mol− (c) 3 11.85563 10 N m−× (d) 11.91cm− (e) 113 pm

Topic 12E

P12E.1 (a) Cannot undergo simple harmonic motion

P12E.3 (a) C3v (b) nine (c) 13A 3E+ (d) all modes are infrared active (e) all modes are Raman active

Chapter 13

Topic 13A

P13A.1 2 2g u is allowed+ +Σ ← Σ

P13A.3 16808.2 cm or 0.84411 eV− , 5.08 eV

Topic 13C

P13C.1 104 10 s or 0.4 ns−×

Chapter 14

Topic 14A

P14A.1 10.3 T , 52.42 10−× , β , ( )12Im = −

Topic 14B

P14B.1 -129 μT m

P14B.3 Both fit the data equally well.

P14B.5 cos φ = B/4C

Topic 14C

P14C.1 6400 10 Hz 8Hz× ± , 0 29s.



P14C.5 2 20

12 1 ( )

aτω ω τ

+ −

P14C.7 158 pm

P14C.9 0.58 mT

Topic 14D

P14D.1 132.8 10 Hz×

P14D.3 6.9 mT , 2.1mT

Chapter 15

Topic 15A

P15A.1 2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0

P15A.7 e Mgh RT− / , 0.363 , 0.57

Topic 15B

P15B.3 (a) (i) 5.00 (ii) 6 26. (b) 1 00. , 0.80, 116.58 10−× , 0 122.

P15B.5 1.209 , 3.004

P15B.7 (a) 1.049 (b) 1.548 , 0.953 , 0.645 , 0.044 , 0.230 , 0.002 , 0.083

P15B.9 (a) 660.6 (b) 44.26 10×

Topic 15C

P15C.3 (a) 104 K (b) 1 a+

Topic 15E

P15E.1 0.351, 0.079, 0.029

P15E.3 1 14.2 J K mol− −

P15E.5 28, 1 1258 J mol K− −



P15E.7 (a) nRT

qq

, 2

nR −

q qq q

, e lnnRN

+

q qq

(b) 1 15.41 J K mol− −

P15E.11 1 1191 J K mol− −

P15E.17 (a) 87.55K , 6330K (b) and (c) ,m ,m 22 (H) (1 ) (H )V VC Cα α+ − , ( )

( )2

3 ( )H

6O V RH

e iD RTi i

i i i

kT

p q q

Λ

Λ

−

,

1.5R, V

V

2( 2 )V e2.5

1 e

i

i

T

Ti

R RT

θ

θ

θ − + ×

−

P15E.19 15 19.57 10 J K− −×

Topic 15F

P15F.3 100 T

P15F.5 145 76kJ mol−.

Chapter 16

Topic 16A

P16A.1 (a) 0 (b) 0.7 D (c) 0.4 D

P16A.5 1.00 μD

P16A.7 23 31.2 10 cm−× , 0.86 D

P16A.9 24 32.24 10 cm−× , 1.58 D , 3 15.66cm mol−

P16A.11 3 168.8 cm mol− , 4.40 , 2.10 , 3 18.14 cm mol− , 1.76 , 1.33

P16A.13 Increase in the relative permittivity.

Topic 16B

P16B.1 1.9 nm

P16B.3 27 3 11.8 10 J 1 1 10 J mol− − −− × = − . ×

P16B.5 7

6Cr

−

P16B.7 (b) re = 1.3598 r0, 1.8531A =



Chapter 17

Topic 17A

P17A.1 (a) 25 a , ( ) ( ) 1/33 1 1

s0.046460 / cm g / g molMυ − −× × , 1.96 nm

(b) 12 a , 1

12 l , 0.35 nm , 46 nm

P17A.3 2Nl

P17A.5 (a) 12 a , / 2a (b) 1

2 a , 112 l (c) 2

5 a

Topic 17B

P17B.1 1

212π

RTl M

, 6.3 GHz

Topic 17D

P17D.1 1/22

πM γ +

P17D.3 (a)

θ / ° 20 45 90

Irod / Icc 0.976 0.876 0.514

(b) 90°

P17D.5 3500 r.p.m.

P17D.7 169 kg mol− , 3.4 nm

P17D.9 130.0716 dm g−

P17D.11 5 11.6 10 g mol−×

Chapter 18

Topic 18A



P18A.1 153.61 10 g mol−×

P18A.3 ( ) 23 3 / 2V a c=

P18A.5 834pm , 606pm , 870pm

P18A.7 4

P18A.9 2 2 2

2

1 h k la b cd

= + +

P18A.11 Simple (primitive) cubic lattice, a = 344 pm

P18A.13 629pm , gave support

P18A.15 0

P18A.17 (a) o14.0 , o24.2 , o0.72 , o1.23 (b) RCCl = 176 pm and RClCl = 289 pm

Topic 18B

P18B.1 0 340.

P18B.3 37.654 g cm−

P18B.7 (a) 0.41421 (b) 0.73205

Topic 18C

P18C.1 µ , 3 23

λ µ+

P18C.3 0

lim ( ) 1 when T

P E E µ→

= < , 0

lim ( ) 0 when T

f E E µ→

= > , ( ) ( )2/3 2e3 / 8π / 2h mN , 3.1 eV

P18C.5 0.736 eV

P18C.7 6 3 10.127 10 m mol− −× , 6 3 10.254 10 m mol− −× , 6 3 10.423 10 m mol− −× , 0.254 cm3 mol–1

P18C.9 0.41

Chapter 19

Topic 19A



P19A.1 (a) σ = 0.602 nm2, d = (σ/π)1/2 = 438 pm (b) σ = 0.421 nm2, d = (σ/π)1/2 = 366 pm

P19A.3 17 2 12.37 10 m s−× , 1 1 12.85 J K m s− − −

P19A.5 (a) 14 11.7 10 s−× (b) 16 11.1 10 s−×

Topic 19B

P19B.1 110.2 kJ mol−

P19B.3 2 112.78 mS m mol− , 2 1 3/22.57 mS m (mol dm )− −

P19B.5 2 112.6 mS m mol− , 2 1 3/26.66 mS m (mol dm )− − (a) 2 112.02 mS m mol− (b) 1120 mS m− (c) 172 Ω

P19B.7 0.83 nm

P19B.9 19 3 kJ mol−.

Topic 19C

P19C.1 (a) 112 kN mol− , 20 1 2.0 10 N molecule− −× (b) 116.5 kN mol− , 20 1 2.7 10 N molecule− −×

(c) 124.8 kN mol− , 20 1 4.1 10 N molecule− −×

P19C.7 1/4 1/24 2 1/4 / 3x x =

P19C.9 (a) 0 (b) 0.0156 (c) 0.0537

P19C.11 2½

/22 eπ

n NPN

− =

Chapter 20

Topic 20A

P20A.1 Second order

P20A.3 (a) 1, 2, 3 (b) 2.2 ×109 mol−2 dm6 s−1

Topic 20B

P20B.3 Second-order, 1 13r 0 0594 dm mol mink − −= . , 2.94 g



P20B.5 7.0×10–5 s–1, 7.3×10–5 dm3 mol–1 s–1

P20B.7 14 3 16 10 mol dm s− − −× , 84.4 10 s 14 yr× =

P20B.9 First-order, 5.84×10–3 s–1, kr = 2.92×10–3 s–1, first-order, 1.98 min

P20B.11 3.65×10–3 min–1, 190 min , 274 min

P20B.13 7 3 1 12.37 10 dm mol s− −× , kr = 1.18×107 dm3 mol–1 s–1, 34.98 10 s−×

P20B.15 First-order, third-order

P20B.17 0 0

0 0 0 0

(2 )1 ln3 2 (3 )

x A BA B A x B

− − −

P20B.19 ( )

1

143

2 11

n

n

−

−

−

−

Topic 20C

P20C.3 r r( )

0 0 0r 0 r r

r r

([A] [B] ) ( [A] [B] )e k tkk k kk k

− + ′′ ′+ + −′+

, 0 0r

r r

([A] [B] )k

k k′

× + ′+ ,

0 0r

r r

([A] [B] )k

k k

× + ′+ , r

r

[B][A]

kk

∞

∞

=′

P20C.5 (a) (i) 2a a tot a8 [A] ( )k k k′ ′+ (c) 7 11.7 10 s−× , 9 3 1 12.7 10 dm mol s− −× , 21.6 10×

Topic 20D

P20D.3 116.7 kJ mol− , 10 3 1 11.14 10 dm mol s− −×

P20D.5 (a) 16 3 12.1 10 mol dm s− − −× (b) 114.3 10 kg or 430 Tg×

Topic 20E

P20E.1 Steady-state approximation

P20E.3 Steady-state intermediate

P20E.5 3r 1 2 3 2[HCl] [CH CH=CH ]k K K

Topic 20F



P20F.3 ( )1 22r 01 2 [A]k t+

Topic 20G

P20G.1 1.11

P20G.3 (a) 6.7 ns (b) 10.105 ns−

P20G.5 9 3 1 11.98 10 dm mol s− −×

P20G.7 3.5 nm

Topic 20H

P20H.1

[ ]

max

0

Rate law based on rapid pre-equilibrium approximation11SK

νν =

+

P20H.5 2.31 μmol dm−3 s−1, 115 s−1, 115 s−1, 1.11 μmol dm−3, 104 dm3 μmol−1 s−1

Chapter 21

Topic 21A

P21A.1 (a) 20 24.35 10 m−× (b) 0 15.

P21A.3 11 1 3 11.7 10 mol dm s− −× , 3.6ns

P21A.5 14 3 1 13.12 10 dm mol s− −× , 1193 kJ mol− , 11 3 1 17.29 10 dm mol s− −× , 1175 kJ mol−

Topic 21C

P21C.1 Ea = 86.0 kJ mol–1, +83.9 kJ mol–1, 1 119.6 J K mol− −+ , +79.0 kJ mol–1

P21C.5 +60.44 kJ mol–1, +62.9 kJ mol–1, 1 1181 J K mol− −− , +114.7 kJ mol–1



P21C.7 73 10×

P21C.9 Two univalent ions of the same sign

P21C.11 (a) 0.06 (b) 0.89 , 0.83

Topic 21D

P21D.1 0eLI I σ−= N

Topic 21E

P21E.1 kr ≈ (kAAkDDK)1/2

P21E.3 1.15 eV

Topic 21F

P21F.1 0.78, 0.38

P21F.3 (a) 0.618 V−

P21F.5 2.00×10–5 mA m–2, 0.498 , no

Chapter 22

Topic 22A

P22A.1 176.9 kJ mol−− , 1348.1 kJ mol−− , corner is the likely settling point

P22A.3 (a) 15 21.61 × 10 cm− (b) 15 21.14 × 10 cm− (c) 15 21.86 × 10 cm−

Topic 22B

P22B.3 (a) 165, 13.1 cm3 (b) 263, 12.5 cm3

P22B.5 15.78 mol kg− , 17.02 Pa−

P22B.7 120.0 kJ mol−− , 163.5 kJ mol−−

P22B.9 (a) values in the range 0.975 to 0.991 R (b) 33.68 10−× , 18.67 kJ mol−− , 5 12.62 10 ppm− −× , 1

b 15 7 kJ molH −∆ = − .



P22B.11 10.138 mg g− , 0.58

P22B.13 (a) 0.2289k = , 0.6180n = , 0.2289k = , 0.6180n = (c) 0.5227k = , 0.7273n =

Topic 22C

P22C.1 3

2

NHr

H

pkK p

− , 0 0c

0

lnp p p pk

t t p−

= − , kc = 2.5×10−3 kPa s−1


solutions to odd -numbered problems · atkins & de paula: atkins’ physical chemistry 10e ....

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