solutions part i: the solution process. solution:
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Solutions
Part I: The Solution Process
![Page 2: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Solution:
![Page 3: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Solutions:
Solute:
Solvent
![Page 4: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Types of Solutions
![Page 5: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The solution process
To dissolve a solute in a solvent, the intermolecular attractions between solute and solute must be strong enough to compete with solvent-solvent and solute-solute attractions.
![Page 6: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Solvation
![Page 7: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Hydration
![Page 8: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Dissolving an ionic solid in water
The ion-dipole attractions between the salt and the solvent must be strong enough to overcome the lattice energy
![Page 9: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
“Steps” of the solution process
Step 1
![Page 10: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
“Steps” of the solution process
Step 1
Step 2
![Page 11: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
“Steps” of the solution process
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
![Page 12: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Endothermic vs. exothermic?
![Page 13: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Why do processes occur?
Achieve a lower energy state Exothermic processes lead to lower enthalpy
![Page 14: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Why do processes occur?
More randomness Greater “entropy” Can more than
compensate for increasing enthalpy
![Page 15: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Did it dissolve, or did it react?
Just because a substance “disappears” into a solvent doesn’t mean that the substance dissolved!
![Page 16: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Dissolving vs. reaction
Dissolving Physical change
Can recover the original substance by evaporating the solvent
![Page 17: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Dissolving vs. reaction
Dissolving Physical change
Can recover the original substance by evaporating the solvent
Chemical change New substances form
![Page 18: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Solutions
saturated unsaturated
![Page 19: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Supersaturated solutions
![Page 20: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Will this substance dissolve?
![Page 21: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
“Like dissolves like”
Non-polar substances tend to dissolve in non-polar solvents
![Page 22: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
“Like dissolves like”
Non-polar substances tend to dissolve in non-polar solvents
Polar substances tend to dissolve in polar solvents.
![Page 23: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
“Like dissolves like”
It comes down to having similar intermolecular attractions.
![Page 24: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Gases in solution
Solubility depends on intermolecular attractions
![Page 25: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Gases in solution
Solubility depends on intermolecular attractions London forces
As molar mass increases, dispersion forces are stronger
![Page 26: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Henry’s Law
The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly dependent on the gas pressure
![Page 27: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Henry’s Law
The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly dependent on the gas pressure
Pressure really doesn’t affect solubility of solids and liquids
![Page 28: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Henry’s Law
Sg = kPg
![Page 29: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Solubility and temperature
Usually, solubility of ionic solids increases with temperature
![Page 30: Solutions Part I: The Solution Process. Solution:](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020922/56649e755503460f94b763a9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Gas solubility and temperature
Solubility of gases typically decreases with increasing temperature