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Assignment 1
Supply Chain Management
Topic: Understanding the Supply ChainSubmitted by: Submitted to:
Md. Faisal Hossain Md. Md. Akram Hossain
EMBA Spring Semester 2013 Assistant Professor
ID: 61120-13-017 MIS, University of Dhaka
Date: 23-01-2013Department of Management Information Systems
Gateway
Why did Gateway have multiple production facilities in the US? What advantages
or disadvantages does this strategy offer relative to Dell, which has one facility?
US was main market of gateway
No inventory stores direct supply no contract with any shipping company
Advantages
Low price raw material
Cheaper logistics
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Shipping
Tax Incentives
Disadvantages
cost increases
Difficult to manage quality
Different polices for employees
What factors did Gateway consider when deciding which plants to close?
The markets which were saturated
showing poor results,
specially Malaysia plant were have high loses
Why does Gateway not carry any finished goods inventory at its retail stores?
Gateway was really clever in deciding whether to keep such items in inventory ornot.
As gateway knew that people dont wait for FMCG product for the alternative butwhen
its about computers, customers could wait. Doing so, they had no inventory on risk.
Should a firm with an investment in retail stores carry any finished goods
inventory?
Yes, it can
Is the Dell model of selling directly without any retail stores always less
expensive than a supply chain with retail stores?
Yes, the DELL model of selling directly without retail stores is always less expensive
than a supply chain with retail stores because of a number of cost cutting factorswhich
make the product available to consumers at a cheaper cost, few of which are:
Manpower (it is always the largest cost in running a business)
Retail outlets (rents, energy, law and order situation)
Logistic support ( transport, display items)
What are the supply chain implications of Gateways decision to offer fewer
configurations?
Supply chain is not of the view of fewer configurations, extra ordinary configurations
help the product reach masses and grow bigger.
Few implications are as follows:
Holding a fixed inventory
Suppliers inflexibility
Ineffective assembly line
7-Eleven
4. Where are distribution centers located and how many stores does each center
serve? How are stores assigned to distribution centers?
5. Why does 7-Eleven combine fresh food shipments by temperature?
Fly UP
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1. What factors influence decisions of opening and closing stores? Location ofstores?
2. Why has 7-Eleven chosen off-site preparation of fresh food?
3. Why does 7-Eleven discourage direct store delivery from vendors?
5. Why does 7-Eleven combine fresh food shipments by temperature?
6. What point of sale data does 7-Eleven gather and what information is made
available to store managers? How should information systems be structured?
Ans.
1. The Demand of the stores, New stores opened in the same area where seven-
eleven stores already exist based on demand.
2. To save space for the introduction of more demanding products and services and
because the stores were smaller.
3. Because stores managers can order what they need from same place, adedicated
DC, using a graphic order terminal.
4. The DC's are located near to the stores for reliable delivery, each DC supports
around 50 through 60 stores.
5. The way seven-eleven combined the fresh food in four categories of temperature
controlled trucks was because that way the trucks can make delivery to multiple
retail stores, get a rapid delivery and a good processed food.
6. When placing an order the store manager had access to detailed analysis of POS
data related to a particular item. This included sales analysis of product categories
and SKUs over time, analysis of waste, 10-week sales tends by SKU, 10-Day sales
trend by SKU....Toyota
Where should plants be located, what degree of flexibility should each have, andwhat
capacity should each have?
Should plants be able to produce for all markets?
How should markets be allocated to plants?
What kind of flexibility should be built into the distribution system?
How should this flexible investment be valued?
What actions may be taken during product design to facilitate this flexibility?
Ans.
1.
Toyotas global strategy is to open factories in every market it serves. Additionally,
Toyota has adopted a strategy of global complementation which allows itsspecialized
local factories to export to non-local markets in times of local economic downturn.This
allows Toyota the flexibility of capturing the demand of non-local markets toremain
profitable.
It would be wise for Toyota to choose the location of its parts plants in a way that
complemented its assembly factories and maximized profitability. For parts plantsto
operate only locally may have prohibitively high costs, while parts plants thatoperate
only globally may reduce relevance in local markets. Logically, Toyota should applyits
global complementation strategy to its part plants, and locate the plants in areasthat
minimize costs (currency exchange, freight, inventory holding, etc). This will allowthem
to achieve local/regional agility and remain flexible enough to supply non-local
The capacity of the part plants shouldn't exceed the forecasted demand of
local/regionally located factories/assembly plants that each part plant will supply.The
ability to supply factories adequately is critical, and each plant should be designedwith
the capacity to supply its regional factories.
Apply its global complementation strategy to its part plants
Each plant should be designed with the capacity to supply its regional
factories
2.
Depending upon the location and production capacity of each plant the decisioncan be
made as to produce for all markets or only specific contingency market.Furthermore,
by applying the strategy of global complementation to Toyotas part plants, it willhave
developed parts plants with the flexibility to supply other markets when their local
market demand is weakened. For this reason parts plants must be able to supply at
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factories/assembly plants however necessary.least one more market/region than its normally responsible for supplying.Depending
on the requirements of global parts, it may be appropriate for parts plants to beable to
supply to all markets. But in the case that markets are so differentiated that theability
for a parts plant to provide global supply is cost prohibitive, then a specificcontingency
market should be designated for each regional parts plant.
A parts plant in a certain region should only serve markets in that specific region;
otherwise costs will inevitably go up. Since Toyota makes different cars in different
regions, it does not make sense for EVERY parts plant to carry parts for EVERYmarket
right.
Flexibility to supply other markets when their local market demand is
weakened
Plants must be able to supply at least one more market/region
3.
Japanese plants are more flexible than U.S. plants, since most assembly plants are
located in Toyota City, which means that employees can be moved from one plantto
another if demand shifts from one model to another. In the U.S. such arrangement isnot
feasible, and building a flexible line that can assemble different car models is more
expensive.
The allocation of markets to parts plants should be as efficient as possible. The
standard allocation should be optimized during the planning phase. However, as
markets mature, currency rates fluctuate, and demand changes, it is possible thatan
adjusted allocation will provide more efficiency and higher returns for Toyota. Forthis
reason allocation should be adjusted when necessary, reviewed either annually orbi-
annually, and optimized to increase efficiency and take advantage of the part plants
flexibility.
Standard allocation should be optimized during the planning phase
Adjusted when necessary, reviewed either annually or bi-annually
4.
The distribution will closely follow the flexibilities of the global complementationstrategy.
Distribution should be optimized regionally between the factories and theirsupplying
parts plants. However, in times of adjusted allocation, it will be necessary for cost
effective distribution to occur between plants & factories to non-local markets.
Optimized regionally between the factories and their supplying parts plants
It will be necessary for cost effective distribution to occur between plants &
factories to non-local markets
5.
The investment in flexibility will allow Toyota to capture demand and revenue fromnon-
local markets when local profitability/demand/etc declines. The flexibleproduction and
distribution will prevent idle facilities and reduced profits during economicdownturns.
By integrating flexible production and distribution, Toyota's supply chain will have
greater access to markets and has the potential to capture greater value. Therefore,
this investment should be regarded as highly valuable.
Toyota to capture demand and revenue from non-local markets
Toyota's supply chain will have greater access to markets and has the
potential to capture greater value
6.
Uniformity among global products will provide the most cost effective means tofacilitate
the flexibility between non local plants and factories. However a uniform globalproduct
may not be the most profitable and may result in a loss of customer interest andlocal
relevance. During product design engineers should craft elements that bothmaximize
uniformity and satisfy local needs. This will aid the flexibility of plants and factories
seeking to produce parts for non local markets and reduce the dependencies and
vulnerabilities of operating in specifically localized markets.
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vulnerabilities of operating in specifically localized markets.
Uniformity among global products for flexibility among markets
Product design engineers should craft elements that both maximize
uniformity and satisfy local needsAmazon
Why is Amazon building more warehouses as it grows?
Ans.
Since its size get bigger, it need to keep the inventory to meet the customers
need in order to fulfill orders quick and effectively. Also, as more warehouses
being built, the distance for delivery will decrease so the delivery cost will reduce
as well.
How many warehouses should it have and where should they be located?
1.2 How do you decide the amount of warehouse?
Scale economy
When the main purchase power reach a certain extent, we will intuitively build a
warehouse to cover the sales in this region.
Strategically arrangement
Take future development into consideration.
Convenient communications
With a better communicating location, it could cooperate with the delivery
company more efficiently and lower the delivery cost.
Renting cost
After considering reasons above, the renting cost should come in now. Cost is
always one of the reason for choosing the location.
What advantages does selling books via the Internet provide? Are there
disadvantages?
Ans.
Advantages:
1. Reduce physical and administrative cost
2. Fulfill various customers needs
3. Build up database system
4. Develop additional channel
5. Chain selling
Disadvantages:
1. Privacy problem
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1. Privacy problem
2. Payment security
3. Gap in perception
Q. Why does Amazon stock bestsellers while buying other titles from distributors?
3. Should Amazon stock every book it sells?
No.
We can consider the question by dividing by two categories
Standard inventory
Amazon should store physical inventory of the popular books it sells as standard
inventory in order to fulfill these customers needs in a certain short time.
Just In Time inventory
Amazon doesnt have to stock books not in popular demand. When Amazon
receives orders which arent in stock, it can cooperate with the publisher to meetthe
unexpected demand. Furthermore, it can save lots of space to reduce the inventory
cost.
Q. Does an Internet channel provide greater value to a bookseller like Borders or
to an Internet-only company like Amazon?
Maximum advantages:
1. By internet, we can collect more detailed information about customers so that we
can make customer database. With that, we can build up the optimal marketing
strategy.
2. Providing two channels to customers makes it more convenient and also fit their
own needs. At the same time, it could also save unnecessary cost to the company.
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Assignment 1 Supply Chain Management Topic: Understanding the Supply Chain Submitted by: Md. Faisal Hossain EMBA SpringSemester 2013 ID: 61120-13-017 Submitted to: Md. Md. Akram Hossain Assistant Professor MIS, University of Dhaka Date: 23-01-2013Department of Management Information Systems Gateway Why did Gateway have multiple production facilities in the US? Whatadvantages or disadvantages does this strategy offer relative to Dell, which has one facility? US was main market of gateway Noinventory stores direct supply no contract with any shipping company Advantages Low price raw material Cheaper logisticsShipping Tax Incentives Disadvantages cost increases Difficult to manage quality Different polices for employees What factorsdid Gateway consider when deciding which plants to close? The markets which were saturated showing poor results, speciallyMalaysia plant were have high loses Why does Gateway not carry any finished goods inventory at its retail stores? Gateway wasreally clever in deciding whether to keep such items in inventory or not. As gateway knew that people dont wait for FMCG productfor the alternative but when its about computers, customers could wait. Doing so, they had no inventory on risk. Should a firm withan investment in retail stores carry any finished goods inventory? Yes, it can Is the Dell model of selling directly without any retailstores always less expensive than a supply chain with retail stores? Yes, the DELL model of selling directly without retail stores isalways less expensive than a supply chain with retail stores because of a number of cost cutting factors which make the productavailable to consumers at a cheaper cost, few of which are: Manpower (it is always the largest cost in running a business) Retailoutlets (rents, energy, law and order situation) Logistic support ( transport, display items) What are the supply chain implications ofGateways decision to offer fewer configurations? Supply chain is not of the view of fewer configurations, extra ordinaryconfigurations help the product reach masses and grow bigger. Few implications are as follows: Holding a fixed inventorySuppliers inflexibility Ineffective assembly line 7-Eleven 1. 2. 3. 4. What factors influence decisions of opening and closing stores?Location of stores? Why has 7-Eleven chosen off-site preparation of fresh food? Why does 7-Eleven discourage direct storedelivery from vendors? Where are distribution centers located and how many stores does each center serve? How are storesassigned to distribution centers? 5. Why does 7-Eleven combine fresh food shipments by temperature? 6. What point of sale datadoes 7-Eleven gather and what information is made available to store managers? How should information systems be structured?Ans. 1. The Demand of the stores, New stores opened in the same area where seven-eleven stores already exist based on demand.2. To save space for the introduction of more demanding products and services and because the stores were smaller. 3. Becausestores managers can order what they need from same place, a dedicated DC, using a graphic order terminal. 4. The DC's arelocated near to the stores for reliable delivery, each DC supports around 50 through 60 stores. 5. The way seven-eleven combinedthe fresh food in four categories of temperature controlled trucks was because that way the trucks can make delivery to multipleretail stores, get a rapid delivery and a good processed food. 6. When placing an order the store manager had access to detailedanalysis of POS data related to a particular item. This included sales analysis of product categories and SKUs over time, analysis ofwaste, 10-week sales tends by SKU, 10-Day sales trend by SKU.... Toyota Where should plants be located, what degree of flexibilityshould each have, and what capacity should each have? Should plants be able to produce for all markets? How should markets beallocated to plants? What kind of flexibility should be built into the distribution system? How should this flexible investment bevalued? What actions may be taken during product design to facilitate this flexibility? Ans. 1. Toyotas global strategy is to openfactories in every market it serves. Additionally, Toyota has adopted a strategy of global complementation which allows itsspecialized local factories to export to non-local markets in times of local economic downturn. This allows Toyota the flexibility ofcapturing the demand of non-local markets to remain profitable. It would be wise for Toyota to choose the location of its partsplants in a way that complemented its assembly factories and maximized profitability. For parts plants to operate only locally mayhave prohibitively high costs, while parts plants that operate only globally may reduce relevance in local markets. Logically, Toyotashould apply its global complementation strategy to its part plants, and locate the plants in areas that minimize costs (currencyexchange, freight, inventory holding, etc). This will allow them to achieve local/regional agility and remain flexible enough to supplynon-local factories/assembly plants however necessary. The capacity of the part plants shouldn't exceed the forecasted demandof local/regionally located factories/assembly plants that each part plant will supply. The ability to supply factories adequately iscritical, and each plant should be designed with the capacity to supply its regional factories. Apply its global complementationstrategy to its part plants Each plant should be designed with the capacity to supply its regional factories 2. Depending upon thelocation and production capacity of each plant the decision can be made as to produce for all markets or only specific contingencymarket. Furthermore, by applying the strategy of global complementation to Toyotas part plants, it will have developed partsplants with the flexibility to supply other markets when their local market demand is weakened. For this reason parts plants must beable to supply at least one more market/region than its normally responsible for supplying. Depending on the requirements ofglobal parts, it may be appropriate for parts plants to be able to supply to all markets. But in the case that markets are sodifferentiated that the ability for a parts plant to provide global supply is cost prohibitive, then a specific contingency market shouldbe designated for each regional parts plant. A parts plant in a certain region should only serve markets in that specific region;otherwise costs will inevitably go up. Since Toyota makes different cars in different regions, it does not make sense for EVERY partsplant to carry parts for EVERY market right. Flexibility to supply other markets when their local market demand is weakened Plantsmust be able to supply at least one more market/region 3. Japanese plants are more flexible than U.S. plants, since most assemblyplants are located in Toyota City, which means that employees can be moved from one plant to another if demand shifts from onemodel to another. In the U.S. such arrangement is not feasible, and building a flexible line that can assemble different car models ismore expensive. The allocation of markets to parts plants should be as efficient as possible. The standard allocation should beoptimized during the planning phase. However, as markets mature, currency rates fluctuate, and demand changes, it is possiblethat an adjusted allocation will provide more efficiency and higher returns for Toyota. For this reason allocation should be adjustedwhen necessary, reviewed either annually or bi-annually, and optimized to increase efficiency and take advantage of the part plantsflexibility. Standard allocation should be optimized during the planning phase Adjusted when necessary, reviewed either annuallyor bi-annually 4. The distribution will closely follow the flexibilities of the global complementation strategy. Distribution should beoptimized regionally between the factories and their supplying parts plants. However, in times of adjusted allocation, it will be
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