solid dosage forms
DESCRIPTION
Solid dosage forms in pharmaceutical industryTRANSCRIPT
Powders
Powders are mixtures of dry, finely divided drugs and/or chemicals that are intended for oral administration, parenteral administration or external use.
Powders
Specific Types of Powders Can be a single-dose presentations of powder
(for example, a small sachet) that are intended to be issued to the patient as such, to be taken in or with water
can be used for topical application
Powders
Specific Types of Powders can be found in glass vials as dried form of the
drug where it must be reconstituted by adding sterile water or sterile NaCl for purpose of injection, e.g. i.v. ampicillin
Powders
Specific Types of Powders can be prepared by the patient when required,
by suspending the powders in water
Granules
Granulation is the process of particle size enlargement of homogeneously mixed powder ingredients.
They are consisting of solid, dry aggregates of powder particles often supplied in single-dose sachets.
Granules
Some granules are placed on the tongue and swallowed with water, others are intended to be dissolved in water before taking.
Effervescent granules evolve carbon dioxide when added to water.
Tablet
A tablet is a hard, compressed medication in round or oval shape.
A coating may be applied to:1- hide the taste of the tablet's components. 2- make the tablet smoother and easier to swallow .3- make it more resistant to the environment and extending its shelf life.
Specific Types of Tablets
lozenges
These are compressed tablets formulated, without a disintegrate and must be allowed to dissolve in the mouth. They are used for local activity (throat lozenges) or for systemic effect (vitamins).
Effervescent tablets
They are uncoated tablets that generally contain acid substances (citric and tartaric acids) and carbonates or bicarbonates and which react rapidly in the presence of water by releasing carbon dioxide.
They are intended to be dissolved or dispersed in water before use providing:
A- Very rapid tablet dispersion and dissolution.B- pleasant tasting carbonated drink.
Chewable tablets
They are tablets that chewed prior to swallowing.
These tablets are preferred for pediatric and geriatric patients who have difficulty swallowing whole tablets.
Antacids are typically formulated as chewable tablets.
Chewable tablets
These tablets are small and flat and are placed under the tongue (sublingual) or the cheek (buccal).
Chewable tablets
They can produce immediate systemic effects by enabling the drug to be directly absorbed through the mucosa where it enters into the bloodstream.
The drug avoid the acid and enzymatic environment of the stomach and the drug metabolizing enzymes of the liver.
Examples of drugs administered by this route: e.g. vasodilators (glyceryl trinitrate).
Multi-layered tablets
A multilayered tablet consists of several different granulations compressed on top of each other to form a single tablet. They are used with incompatible drug substances.
Capsules
A capsule is a medication in a gelatin container. It helps to mask the unpleasant taste of its contents.
Specific Types of Capsules The two main types of capsules are:
Hard gelatin capsules (HGCs)
They are firm and rigid. They are normally used for dry, powdered ingredients.
Powders filled into hard gelatin capsules should have good flow properties to maintain uniform fill weights.
Hard gelatin capsules (HGCs)
Granules and pellets are good candidates for capsule filling.
Soft gelatin capsules (SGCs)
They are soft and flexible. They are primarily used for oils and for active ingredients that are dissolved or suspended in oil.
ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation Translation
Tab Tablet
Cap Capsule
SGCs Soft gelatin capsules
HGCs Hard gelatin capsules
Supp Suppository
Chew tab Chewable tablet
Loz Lozenge
READ AND UNDERSTAND
Sublingual and buccal tablets are small and flat and are placed under the tongue (sublingual) or the cheek (buccal). They can produce immediate systemic effects by enabling the drug to be directly absorbed through the mucosa where it enters into the bloodstream. The drug avoid the acid and enzymatic environment of the stomach and the drug metabolizing enzymes of the liver.Examples of drugs administered by this route: e.g. vasodilators (glyceryl trinitrate).
QUESTIONS
Administration of a medication under the check is called:A. Buccal.B. Sublingual.C. Topical.D. Intramuscular
QUESTIONS
True or False:
Sublingual tablets are used for systemic effects, whereas buccal tablets are used for local effects.
Buccal tablets avoid the enzymatic environment of the mouth.
