Slide 1

Solent Boat TrainingPowerboat Level 2TIDESEarthSun02/02/20122TIDESEarthSunFullMoonNewMoon SpringsSprings02/02/20123TIDESEarthSunFirst QuarterLast QuarterNeapsNeaps02/02/20124RULE OF TWELFTHS

1st hour 1/122nd hour 2/123rd hour 3/124th hour 3/125th hour 2/126th hour 1/12HW +1h +2h +3h +4h +5h LW 02/02/20125

TIDE TABLE02/02/20126FUNDAMENTAL CAUSE OF 'WEATHER'Hot AirRisingCold AirCold AirFallingCold AirCold AirFalling02/02/20127SEA BREEZE - EARLY

Warm air risingoff land creates LOW PRESSURECool SeaHIGH PRESSUREReturned air falls to cool sea

02/02/20128SEA BREEZE - ESTABLISHEDReturned air falls to cool sea

Warm air risingoff landCool Sea

Clouds form as damp air off sea rises and condensesDamp air02/02/20129 LAND BREEZECool air descendsas land cools quickly

Air off warm sea surface risesBreeze blows from land to seaLand Cools02/02/201210BUYS BALLOT'S LAWBuys Ballot's LawIn the Northern Hemisphere,if you stand with your backto the wind, the LOW PRESSURE area is to your leftLow Pressure10321024101610081000992High PressureLowHigh02/02/201211FRONTAL SYSTEMCold FrontWarm FrontABDEFGeneral Directionof DepressionLC02/02/201212FRONTAL SYSTEMCirrusCirro StratusCumulusNimboStratusCumulonimbusStrato CumulusFogRainCumulusHeavy Rain ShowersCOOL AIRWARM AIRCOLD AIRFEDCBAStratusAlto Stratus02/02/201213 National Radio

Local Radio

TV

Marine Call

Internet

Teletext

Met Office Navtex

Weatherfax/Fax

Coastguard

Press

Coast Radio Station

LookWEATHER FORECAST SOURCES02/02/201214PILOTAGE (Navigating Safely in Confined Waters) USE ALL SIGNPOSTS AVAILABLE

Buoys & lightsCharted landmarksTransits, clearing bearingsSoundings etc.

PRE-PLAN

Use large scale chartsPilot booksLocal knowledgeAs detailed as necessary for the task02/02/201215PILOTAGEDETAIL NEEDEDStart of pilotageDistance and Course to Steer to next mark Use 6 minute marks for high speed navigationRepeat until destination reachedUse transits and clearing bearings to avoid hazards02/02/201216LATERAL AND OTHER BUOYAGEMARKS CAN BE BUOYS OR ON POSTS COLOUR DEFINES PURPOSEPort Hand Any R except (2 + 1) Special Marks Yellow, any rhythmexcept used for white lightsStarboard Hand Any G except (2 + 1)Safe Water Iso, Occ, L Fl 10s or Mo(A)KEEP TO PORT OR STARBOARDDirectionofBuoyage02/02/201217LATERAL AND OTHER BUOYAGESpecial MarksYellow, rhythm notused for white lightsPreferred Channelto Port Fl (2 + 1)GStarboard HandAny G except (2 + 1) Direction ofBuoyagePreferred Channelto Stbd Fl (2 + 1)RPort HandAny R except (2 + 1)Safe WaterIso, Occ,L Fl 10s or Mo(A)KEEP TO PORT OR STARBOARDMARKS CAN BE BUOYS OR ON POSTS COLOUR DEFINES PURPOSE02/02/201218CARDINAL MARKSContinuous Flashing3 Flashes6 Short + 1 Long9 Flashes2 FlashesShows direction of safe water02/02/201219PASSAGE PLANNING Define objective

Constraints on operationCrew, time available etc

Assemble navigation equipment Charts, Pilots, Tide Tables and Tidal Stream Atlases

Plan provisions (including emergency stock)

Personal kit

02/02/201220Constraints on departure - locks, sills?If so - departure time is set within these limits - Plan FORWARD

Constraints on arrival - locks, sills?If so - arrival time is set between these limits -Plan BACKWARDS

Passage constraints - races, strong tides?If so - transit time is set by the phenomenon

If more than one constraintPlan waiting period when appropriate PASSAGE PLANNING 02/02/201221 Calculate distance and expected passage time Calculate times between waypoints for high speed navigation

Plan for departure/arrival by day/night

Plan for optimum use of tide

Plan waypoints

Is fuel capacity adequate for passage? If not, plan refuelling stopsPASSAGE PLANNING 02/02/201222EFFECT OF COMPASS DEVIATION

NSWENSWENSWENSWE02/02/201223COMPASS DEVIATION TABLE0000902703602460246180WestEastShip's Head Compass (C)Deviation045135225315000022.5045067.5090112.5135157.5180202.5225247.5270292.5315337.53604W05W5E6E6W4E4W4W2W05W5E4E2E2E2W356020.5045069.5094117.5141162.5184204.5225245.5266287.5309332.5356Ship's Head Magnetic (M)02/02/201224MNEMONICS

NB Order and sign of corrections are importantError West - Compass Best Error East - Compass LeastCadbury's Dairy Milk Very Tasty + Exciting (- W)02/02/201225POTENTIAL FIX INACCURACIES - 102/02/201226LEADING LINES192(T)Keep lights in line on192(T) for transit02/02/201227COURSE SHAPING PORT ENTRY - CROSS TIDEWhen close enough to see, transfer to more appropriate transit until out of tideTide

Course to be made good02/02/201228MOORING ALONGSIDEBow RopesStern RopeBow ShorelineStern ShorelineFore spring stops the boat going forwardsBack spring stops the boat going backwardsFore SpringBack Spring02/02/201229

SECURING TO A CLEAT

02/02/201230

Sheet BendDouble Sheet BendBowlineFigure of EightKNOTS, BENDS & HITCHES02/02/201231

KNOTS, BENDS & HITCHESRollingHitchClove HitchRound Turn and2 Half HitchesReef Knot02/02/201232COILING A ROPE

02/02/201233ANCHOR TERMINOLOGY

ShankStockFid(to secure stock)

ShankCrownFlukeEyefor tripping line02/02/201234FishermanCan stow flatGood on rockFew moving partsPoor power/weight ratioUpstanding fluke can foul chainStock pin needs wire mousing

Easily foldedBest in weedUseful in small craftPoor power/weight ratioClumsy to handleCan pinch fingersGrapnel

02/02/201235CQRGood power/weight ratioPlough digs into most types of groundForged steel very strongDifficult to stowCan capsize (but usually resets)

Can stow flatGood holding in soft groundDanforthShingle can jam or tripNot good on rockHard to break out of mudCan catch fingers

02/02/201236Excellent power/weight ratioNo moving parts to jamEasy to break outDifficult to stow except on bow rollerNot good on weedy or hard groundSmaller sizes may not dig in easilyBruce

Sets fast and digs deepExcellent power/weight ratioDoes not capsizeCan self-launch/free-fall from bow rollerDifficult to stow except on bow rollerDelta

02/02/201237ANCHORINGStrongest streamHeaviest anchor40ScopeChain - 4 x depthWarp - 6 x depthAnchors in tandemRunning Moor02/02/201238 ANCHORINGTidal StreamDirectionSpeedTurnWindDirectionSpeedCan you get away?In a crisisAt nightType of HoldingBe clear of FairwaysDangersOther anchored craftDepthNowLWHWShelterNowLater02/02/201239GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)02/02/201240GPS - FIX ERRORPosition Spheres02/02/201241 Selective Availability Random error is built into civilian signal 95% of fixes within 100m Can be corrected with Differential GPS

Similar errors to visual fix when intersection much less than 60 degrees

Shape of earth - need to use correct datum or can be as much as 150 metres in errorGPS - POTENTIAL LIMITATIONS02/02/201242VHF MAYDAYDISTRESS MESSAGE

IdentityMAYDAY Yacht FAIRWIND

PositionPosition is 025(T) from Braye Harbour, 7 miles

Situation Struck submerged object, holed and sinking

Assistance Needed I require immediate assistance

CrewSix persons on board all with lifejackets

Other InformationPreparing liferaft and will abandon in 10 minutes

Invitation to replyOver

DISTRESS CALLMAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, This is Yacht FAIRWIND, FAIRWIND,FAIRWIND02/02/201243DISTRESS FLARES INSHORE5 miles from land2 red hand flares2 orange smokesCOASTAL7 miles from land 2 parachute flares2 red hand flares 2 orange smokes OFFSHOREOver 7 miles from land4 red parachute flares4 red hand flares2 buoyant orange smokes

Fire downwind 15 for no cloud Up to 45 for low cloud WINDWINDWINDVisibility : Red hand held 7 miles on a clear night Parachute 28 miles on a clear night Orange smoke 3 miles in daylight02/02/201244 Communicate on VHF

Pilot will give exact course under sail or power (Usually wind on port bow)

Brief crew early as too noisy later

Weighted Hi-Line lowered

Earth in sea or on boat before handling DO NOT MAKE FAST

Pull as directed - stow loosely in bucket

Let diver touch boat before you touch him

HELICOPTER RESCUE

Beware ofdown draughtHi-lineWinch wireDiverDO AS YOU ARE TOLD02/02/201245SAFETY HARNESSES & LIFEJACKETSHarness lanyardclipped to strongpoint in cockpitHarness lanyard clipped to jackstay allows crew to go forward while secured

WEAR SAFETY HARNESS If the boat is reefed or would be if hard on the wind If sighting & recovery of YOUR BODY would be difficult - at night, in fog etc. If about to abandon the vessel

WEAR A LIFEJACKET For dinghy journeys, especially at night In fog (due to risk of collision) If about to abandon the vessel02/02/201246