Name: Moaz MHD zafer al hosny 

ID# 201310175

Solar cell tracking system

Solar tracking system is a method to withdraw maximum power from solar panels. As we know solar panels convert solar energy into electrical energy through photovoltaic phenomenon. Greater the intensity of solar light falls on solar panel, greater output observe at the output of solar panel. So we need to develop a method which rotate solar panel according to tracking of sun. So that we can withdraw maximum power from our installed solar panels.

The objective is to expose solar panel to maximum time in front of solar light to get maximum power from solar panels.

The system can perform tracks the motion of the sun across the sky by rotate motor ,to ensure

that the maximum amount of sunlight strikes the panels throughout the day

Single axis trackers that have one degree of freedom that acts as an axis of rotation.

System Control motor automatically to ensuring the best sunlight is detected by light sensor

System Description:

The proposed block diagram of the project is shown in figure 1. The microcontroller reads the inputs form the light sensorthat is measured the direction of the light(sun) and performs the required operation that will rotate motor to track the motion of the sun . The inputs of the system is light sensor. The output is motor

Basic Block Diagram:

Read light sensor microcontrol

er

Stepper motor rotate to track the

sun

PIC16F877A microcontroller:to control all the parts in the circuit.(I will use it because have analog to digital converter and I found it in all electronic store )

Light dependent resistor: to measure intensity of light.LDR is a passive component whose resistance isinversely proportional to the amount of light intensity

directed towards it.Stepper motor(unipolar): rotate solar panels and the light

sensors to sense the max solar power Stepper motor is an electromagnetic device that converts

digital pulses intoMechanical shaft rotation. The shaft or spindle of a stepper motor rotates in discreteStep increments when electrical command pulses are applied to it in the properSequence.

Circuit Components:

ULN2003:is used as a stepper motor driver because we can't connect motor direct to MCU because the motor work by another power source that is between 9-15 v . As this figure this driver

Resistors.Power supply.10 k resistor to divide the 5v voltage between

sensor and resistor .Capacitors and crystal oscillator.crystal oscillator: to generate pulses

frequency

Circuit figure

I well use two Light sensor in east and west to measure intensity of light with the help of microcontroller. Microcontroller reads values of both lightsensor .In other words microcontroller reads intensity of light with the help of light sensors.

the inputs is analog reading device.

Inputs:

Outputs:I will use motor that will be rotated by

microcontroller, his role to rotate solar panels and the light sensors to sense the max solar power.

The output depends on digital pulses.

Figure 2 shows the simplified flow chart of the program to be used to implement the solar tracking system so the program start we this steps:

Microcontroler Read light intensity that mesured by two light sensor in east and west .

  If the intensity of light is same of both light sensors or zero

read (no light mean in night)the motor no rotate . 

  If the read of east more than west or vise versa

microcontroler decide what the side is more light intensity .  After that,the motor will rotate by instructions from MCU to

the correct side.

Flow Chart:

Thank you for watching

Any questionsThis is simple explain If need more and code send message for me

Soon I will write complete paper